Ukusetyenziswa koLawulo lweBhartishan kuBukhosi beRhulumente

Inkokeli ye-gubernator isebenza kwimeko-bume yezobupolitika ephangaleleyo. Ngaphesheya kwe-United States, izindlu zikarhulumente zisoloko zahlulwa phakathi kwezikhulu ezimxinwa, zenza ukuba umsebenzi onzima noyingozi ungabikho ncam. Iinkokeli ezikwaziyo ukuqhuba eli lizwe ziyaqonda ukuba ukwakha i-bipartisan ayiyonkxaso yezopolitiko kuphela eyimfuneko yokudlulisa umthetho onenjongo, ukugcina uluntu luzinzo olude, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinzisa ixesha elide. Intsebenziswano ye-Bpartistan yenza abalawuli bakwazi ukwenza imigaqo ebonakalisa intlukwano ezithe kratya, inciphisa amathuba okutshintsha inkqubo emva konyulo, kwaye ikhoyo kwindawo elungelelaniswe kuyo ngexesha lomonakalo.

Ixabiso lobu didi bugqithisa ngaphaya koloyiso lwemithetho. Abalawuli abafumana udumo lokusesikweni nentsebenziswano bangatsala inkxaso kumaqela abavoti, iinkokeli zeshishini, kunye nongeyoparatistantaan alungelelanisayo. Esi sibheno sisekelwe kumsebenzi obanzi someleza amandla abo okulawula ngokunempumelelo kwaye sinokomeleza nonophelo oluchasene nenkqubo yesizwe enokuthi ngandle koko iphelise impembelelo yabo. Ngokutsho kwe iNxulumaniso yesizwe [, i-bipartariangnentinel ingunxa-mfanti yesiseko solawulo olusebenzayo, ngokufuthi echaziwe njengelungu elingundoqo lolawulo lwesizwe olusebenzayo, elikhankanywelwe njengelungu elingundoqo lomthetho wezomthetho ophumelelayo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuba Ngamarhamente Kubaluleke

Abalawuli bakwisikhundla esikhethekileyo ukuze basebenze njengabakhi bebrorho. Ngokungafaniyo namalungu eBhunga, asoloko emela izithili ezifanayo, abalawuli kufuneka bakhonze lonke ilizwe elineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho, zezwe, kunye nenkcubeko. Ubuchule berhuluneli bokwenza umthetho, ukubiza iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo, kunye nokucebisa ngoqingqo-mali kuthetha ukuba banyanzele ukulalanisa xa iindlu zowiso-mthetho zibotshelelwe. Noko ke, ukusebenzisa la mandla ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwegalelo kungabuyisela iziphumo, kukhokelela ekuwisweni, ekupheliseni umva, ekuphazameni uwonke, okanye ekudibanisweni kweminye.

Ulawulo lwe-bipartisan lukwanyusa ugcino-lwazi lwenkqubo eqinileyo. Xa umthetho wenziwe ngegalelo kumacala omabini, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuphinde kulungiswe xa kulawulwa amacandelo owiso-mthetho. Olu nyuselo lubaluleke kakhulu kumanyathelo amade anjengeeprojekthi, utshintsho lwemfundo, kunye neenkqubo zokunikezelwa kwempilo. Uphando oluvela kwiZiko lophando lwe-Pew lubalaselisa ukuba uninzi lwamaMelika luvakalisa unxunguphalo nge-rightive, lwezilawuli ezibonisa ukunikezelwa kwengxaki ekwahlukana-ukujikeleza.

Imiphumo Yokuxinana Kwezikhewu

Xa abalawuli besilela ukwakha inkxaso ye-bipartisn, amaxabiso abalulekile. Iintlanganiso zomthetho eziyimfuneko zinganqanda, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-mthetho kungalibaziseka, kwaye ukuthembana kwabantu kurhulumente wephondo kuphele. Kwiimeko ezinzima, imikhosi elawulayo ebotshelelweyo ixhomekeke kwimiyalelo yezolawulo oluphezulu, esoloko ikhuphiswana kwiinkundla kwaye isenokupheliswa ngabalawuli. Le ndlela ayiyi kudala kuphela inkqubo yokungqubana kodwa ikwathintela isithethe esifunekayo ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezifana nokuzinzisa kwemozulu, ukuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokulungiselela impilo kawonke wonke.

Isiseko soHlahlo-nkqubo

Ukhokelo lwe-bipartis oluphumelelayo alukho ngengozi. Kufuna umgudu othe rhoqo ukutyhubela kwiindawo ezininzi. IRhuluneli ephambili kule ndawo isebenzisa iqela lemimiselo ebangela ukuthembana, ikhuthaza ukubonakala kwelinye icala, kunye nokwenza izibheno zokuncedisana. Ngapha koko zizinto ezingundoqo eziye zangqineka zisebenza kwizindlu zikarhulumente kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ukwakha Ulwalamano Ngaphaya Kwesi Siqithi

Ulwalamano lobuqu luhlala lungumsebenzi onzima we-bipartisan. IGavereji echitha ixesha kwiintlanganiso zeqela elinye namaqela owiso-mthetho asuka kuwo omabini amaqela . / hayi kuphela ngexesha lentlanganiso kodwa kulo lonke unyaka(_______Phakamisa isiseko sengxoxo enzima.) Olu lwalamano kufuneka ludlulele ngaphaya kwecapito yorhulumente: umnxeba othe rhoqo, isidlo sangokuhlwa esingacwangciwi, nokuya kwiziganeko ezingachananga kunceda ukucutha abachasi bezobupolitika kwaye lunciphise ukuzoba nenxaxheba.

Abalawuli abanempumelelo bakwamisela amalungu abasebenzi anobuhlobo obuqinileyo nabo bobabini abasemagunyeni. Intloko yabasebenzi okanye umalathisi wemithetho ohlonelwa ngamalungu ambalwa anokuba lijelo elibalulekileyo lonxibelelwano. Ngaphezu koko, abalawuli banokukhuthaza ukurhwebelana ngokunxulumana nabakhenkethi beqela eliphikisanayo, abasoloko benikela imbono exabisekileyo kwaye bangenza njengabalamleli abangacwangciswanga.

Ukwenza Inkqubo Ecace Gca Nequka

Inkqubela-nkqubo equka amazwi ahlukeneyo ukususela ekuqaleni idla ngokufumana inkxaso ye-bipartisan. IRhuluneli zingasebenzisa amandla emisebenzi, iikomiti zobucukubhede, kunye nokuva iindlebe zikawonke-wonke ukucela igalelo kwimiba emininzi yabaxhasi bemigqomo, kuquka amagosa karhulumente asekuhlaleni, amaqela oshishino, amaqumrhu abasebenzi, nemibutho engafumani ngeniso. Xa abasebenzi beva, baba ngabameli besicelo sokugqibela, besebenzisa ingcinezelo kumaqela omabini okuxhasa imigaqo-siseko somthetho.

Ukukhanya kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Oku kunciphisa ithuba lokungathembani kwabaxhamli kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukuba abachasi bachaze iinjongo zerhuluneli.

Unxibelelwano olucwangcisiweyo nolufuna

Unxibelelwano olunempumelelo sisixhobo esinamandla sokwakha amandla e-bipartisan. IGavereji ingasebenzisa iingqungquthela zokushicilela, ii-op-eed, kunye nezixhobo zezentlalo-ntle ukudibanisa imiba yemibandela ngokweemeko ezivakalayo ngaphaya kwemigca yeqela. Ukugxininisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo . "njengokukhula kwezoqoqosho, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, okanye umgangatho wemfundo."ukunceda ekunciphiseni impikiswano yenkqubo kunye nokujolise ekuchanekeni kwiziphumo eziluncedo.

Ukuganana kwabantu, njengeeholo zedolophu kunye neentlanganiso zokuphulaphula zengingqi, kuvumela abalawuli ukuba babonise ukuzimisela kwabo ukukhonza bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba badityaniswe namaqela. Ezi ziganeko zinika iqonga lokuphulaphula inkxalabo ngokwawo kwaye zichaza indlela ezicetyisiweyo zokuphendula ezo ngxaki. Xa abemi abasuka kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zezobupolitika bexhasa inkqubo ethile, abalawuli bayazi. Brookings Institution [[ ibhale amaxesha amaninzi apho izibophelelo zikawonke-wonke ziphembelela intlupheko kwintsebenziswano yezo yemithetho yezobulungisa.

Ubuchule bokulalanisa

Abaxhasi abaphumelelayo bayaqonda ukuba ulalaniso aluthethi ukulahla imigaqo engundoqo. Endaweni yoko, lubandakanya ukuchaza iindawo zomdla kunye nokupakisha imvume ngeendlela ezivumela amacala omabini ukuba aphumelele. Irhuluneli zingasebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokuxhasa ukuphambili kweqela elichasanayo ekutshintshiseni ukuvota kwinyathelo eliphambili, okanye ukwenza imiqathango yokuyila ixesha ejongene nenkxalabo yexabiso okanye ukuntsonkotha.

Enye indlela ephumelelayo kukujolisa kwinkqubela-phambili yolwandiso. Kunokunyanzela ulungiso olubanzi kwimali enye, abalawuli bangaqhekeza izicelo ezinkulu zibe ziziqwenga ezincinci, ezingaphikisaniyo. Eli cebo likhulisa ukuthembana ngexesha kwaye lidala ingxelo ebhaliweyo yentsebenziswano ephumelelayo, lenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi efuna amabhongo kamva. Umzekelo, irhuluneli efuna ulwandiso lwempilo ingaqala idlulise isicwangciso se-telemedicine ngenkxaso ye-bipartistan, ize yakhele ngempumelelo ukuze ithethe ngenkxaso ebanzi.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yempumelelo ye-Bipartisan

Iirhuluneli ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukuba ukhokelo lwebhipartis lunokufumaneka, kwanakumazwe ahluleke ngokunzulu. Olu hlolisiso lubonisa amaqhinga asebenzayo kwaye lunika izifundo kwiinkokeli zangoku nezexesha elizayo.

Utshintsho Kwimfundo Kumthetho Owahluleleneyo

IRhuluneli Jane Doe yeSizwe X yajongene nendlu yowiso-mthetho apho elinye iqela lalilawula iNdlu yendlu kunye nenye iNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Inyathelo lakhe lokusayina utshintsho lokuguqulela. eliquka ukuhlawula umfundisi- ntsapho ophezulu, ukunyusa imfundo yabantwana, nokuphendula ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi, qhaqhaqhaqhaqha kwaye wajamelana nokuchasana nokuchasa okuvela kuwo omabini amacala. Kunokuba anyanzele uRhuluneli uDoe wahlanganisa uthotho lwezigilamfa ezingquthelayo eziquka abafundisi-bafundisi, abalawuli, abazali, neenkokeli zeshishini. Wabelana ngezindululo zezicelo zempiko zempiliso zangaphambili, kunye nezicelo ze-antembe ezidio ezidiyo ethetha ngemibandela yabo bobabini bobabini amaqela. Umthetho wokugqibela wadlula ngenkxaso enzima, kwaye izindululo zasetyenziswa ngaphandle kwengxoxo yemfundo ephambili.

Ulwando lonyango olubangelwa lumanyano oluphakathi kohlanga

KwiSizwe Y, iRhuluneli uJohn Smith yazuzwé njengefa kwindlu yowiso-mthetho eyahlulelwe ngokunzulu kunye nolwandiso lwezonyango oluqinileyo. Endaweni yokulandela indlela yeqela, waqalisa uhambo lokuphulaphula iphondo lonke, waba nohambo lwedolophu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nedolophu ngokufanayo. Waziva ngokwakhe iimfazwe zeziqu zolawulo ezijongene neenkcitho eziphezulu kunye nokufikelela okulinganiselweyo. Ngokubeka le ngxaki njengombandela woxanduva loxanduva loxanduva kunye nokhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho oluphezulu, . [3] [3] [1] [1] Wakha umbutho owawuquka iiRiphabliki ezilungeleleneyo, uDemorats, namaqela amashishini. Umthetho owenziwe waquka iziguqulo ezisekelwe kwintengo zamanani athelekelelekileyo nezikhuthazo ezane. Umlawuli wephondo uSolthmiths Smith ukuzimisela nokugxininisa kwinjongo yakhe yokudizabelana kwempilo yakhe.

Imali yeSibonelelo ngesibheno seBpartisan

Umthetho wemithetho wenye yeendawo ezimbalwa ezizixhasayo ngokwendalo kwi-bipartisan inkxaso. IRhuluneli uMaria Lopez weSizwe ukwenziwa kweso sivumelwano ngokufaka ipakethe yesiseko sesiseko semfundo ebanzi equka ukulungiswa kwendlela, ulwando olubanzi, kunye nenkqubo yamanzi yokuhlaziywa. Wasebenza ngokusondeleyo neenkokeli zomthetho zombini amaqela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yasasazwa ngokulinganayo kwisithili, kwaye wabophelela inkxaso yonikezelo ngentlalo lwemali ngentlalo-mali kunye nengeniso jikelele. Ngokufaka izitheko zikawonke ukuze kwaphulwe iprojekthi kwimi yemiboniso ebomvu neluhlaza, iRhovern Lopez yaqinisa i-bian propatiten yobume yomsebenzi.

Ukoyisa Imiqobo Eqhelekileyo Ebangela Ukuba Kubekho Ukungxengxezwa

Kwanangokuba kukho ubuchule obungcono, abalawuli bazakudibana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo kwintsebenziswano ye-bipartis. Ukuqonda le miqobo kunye nokuphuhlisa imiqathango yokulwa kubalulekile ukuze iphumelele.

Ukulawula Ingcinezelo Yamajelo Okusasaza Neyoluntu

Amajelo eendaba asoloko ekhuthaza ukungqubana kwama-arhente, ubuchule bokulwa obunempumelelo bokudibanisa intsebenziswano. Abalawuli abasukela ukusetyenziswa kwe-bipartisan basenokujongwa njengezinto ezisisiseko, abakujonga ukulalanisa njengobuthathaka. Ukumelana noku, abalawuli kufuneka baxolise imbali. Bafanele bagxininise ekuhleni iingenelo zentsebenziswano. Zifanele zigxininise ngokuphandle njengenza izinto ezenziwayo kwaye ziphephe ukuvinjwa kwemiqathango / kwaye zisoloko zibalase inyathelo eliphumelelayo lokusebenzisa amajelo. Ukunxulumana namajelo asekuhlaleni, amaqumrhu, amabhunga, kunye nabaxhasi bengingingqi, nabaphembeleli boluntu banokunceda ukwakha intsebenzi entlalo eluncedo ekuncedeniseni intluphethotho kunokungquthelana.

Ukulawula Inyaniso Egqithiseleyo Phakathi Kwezizukulwana

Omabini amaqela amakhulu anamaqela aqinileyo nangaxhathisiyo ukuyekelela. La maqela angavala umthetho naxa uninzi lwabamisi-mthetho lukulungele ukusebenza ngaphaya kwepaseji. Iirhuluneli zingalulawula olu celomngeni ngokwakha ulwalamano oluphakathi kuqala, ziveze ubuninzi benkxaso ekwahlula amalizwi anamandla angaqhelekanga. Bangasebenzisa amandla angaqhelekanga ukunyanzela ukuphinda baphinde bacinge ngezimvo ezichaseneyo. Ngaphezu koko, abalawuli bangabhenela ngqo kubantu ngokubanzi, ingakumbi kukhetho oluphambili, ukuvuza abenzi bomthetho abasebenza kwi-bipartarian kunye nokuvavanya abo bawenzayo.

Ukubekwa Kwezithuba Nomthetho

Ixesha lokumiswa kwemithetho yerhuluneli lingachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo amathemba e-bipartisan. Ukutyhala amatyala amaninzi adidayo ngexesha elinye kungawonga inkqubo kwaye kunciphise ukulangazelela ukulalanisa. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuqala intlanganiso nge-profile ephezulu, i-bipartistaan inokuba nesandi esincedisanayo esithwalela eminye imiba. Irulamane kufuneka acinge ngemijikelo yonyulo; ixesha langoko emva konyulo (kodwa phambi konyaka wephulo olulandelayo lobushushu obushushu) lisoloko lilibala elityebileyo lemisebenzi ye-bipartarian. Intlanganiso ze-lame-dick zinokuba luncedo, njengokuba abarhoxileyo barhoxiweyo okanye abaphulukani-lunyuselo benokuziva bekhululekile ukuvota kwi-voti eqeleni elinqamleneyo.

Umlinganiselo kunye nokuxhasa i-Bipartisan Momentum

Ukwakha inkxaso ye-bipartis asiyonto ephunyezweyo yexesha elinye kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo. IRhuluneli kufuneka zimisele imida yokulandelela inkqubela-phambili nokusebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzisana.

Amanani enzelwe impumelelo

Ibamba lingalinganisa i-bipartis esebenzayo ngezalathiso ezininzi: ipesenti yemali efumana iivoti kuwo omabini amaqela, ubuninzi bekomiti yokulungisa iinguqu ezamkelwe kumalungu amaqela amancinane, inani lemali yetyala edityaniswe nazizizigwebo ezidityanisiweyo namaqela ahlukeneyo, kunye nerejista yoluntu ezithi zinikezele ubungqina obucacileyo enoba icebo lerhuluneli liyasebenza na nalapho kusenokufuneka khona utshintsho.

IMikhwa yeBhartisan

Ukuxhasa i-bipartisanism ngaphaya kwexesha elinye okanye imbambano, abalawuli bangadala iindlela ezisesikweni ezikhuthaza intsebenziswano enqamlezayo. Imizekelo iquka ukuseka ikomiti yemithetho esisigxina edityanisiweyo kwizizinzo ze-fiscal, ukumisela i-bipartisan advisory bhodi zeenyathelo eziphambili, kunye nokukhupha iimfuno zokubonisa iliso kwikhowudi yolawulo yesizwe. Irhuluneli zingakwayala abasebenzi kunye neentloko zecandelo kwimodeli yemodeli, ziqinisekisa ukuba impucuko ye-biparatarianshishishi ehlala iqhubeka naxa iinguqulo zokhokelo. [[FLT.FLD]] iSikolo esineendo-Kennedy sipapashe uphando olubalase indlela yokusebenza kwemithetho elungele ukulawula.

Isiphelo

Inkxaso ye-Bipartisan asiyonkxaso yobunewunewu yeerhuluneli ." yiyo eyimfuneko esebenzayo kukhokelo olusebenzayo kumaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngokufaka ungeniso kulwalamano, ukubonakala, ukubandakanyeka kuluntu, nokunolwazi lobuchule bokulalana, abalawuli bangakha imidibaniso efunekayo yokunyamezela umthetho ohlala uhleli kwaye bafumane ukuthenjwa kwazo zonke ii-accorations. Imizekelo yabalawuli abaphumelelayo ibonisa ukuba, nangona kunzima, ukulawulwa yibhipartistan kunokwenzeka kwaye kuyavuza kakhulu. Njengoko ukwenziwa kwezobupolitika kuqhubeka kuvavanyanisa izindlu zikarhulumente kwilizwe lonke, abalawuli abasebenzisa i-bypartistan baya kubekwa indawo engcono ukuze baqhube amaphondo abo kumazwe abo athe qhutyeke ngakumbi nakwixesha elizayo.