Umlo Onzima: Indlela Ezobupolitika Zale Mihla Eziyivavanya Ngayo Inkqubo Yokuxilonga Nokulungelelana

Umgaqo wokuhlola nokulinganisela umi njengenye yezikhuseli ezinamandla zedemokhrasi. Ilungiselelwe ukuthintela naliphi na isebe likarhulumente `icandelo lokubulala, iwino', okanye ikomiti' yokugweba'. Lo mgaqo wesakhiwo wawunenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba kuqinisekiswe, ukukhusela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye, nokukhuthaza ulawulo oluzinzileyo. Kodwa, ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini emva kokulawula kwayo isiseko sobuchule, inkqubo ijongene neengcinezelo ezinzulu kwaye ijikeleza. Ukusuka kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ephezulu ukuya kukwanelisa abalawuli nabaxhasi boburhulumente, ubuchule obathi basoloko bekho amandla okulawula acuthanga. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki akunyanzelekanga kuzazinzulu zezobupolitika kuphela kodwa kuxhomekeke kwimibutho yokhuseleko. Eli nqaku lihlola iingcambukelo zembali kunye nolungele ukudityaniswa kweemeko, ukuphosa iziphumo ezikhoyo, ukuvavanywa kwemeko zemeko, ukusetyenziswa kwemeko zedemo-demo-democracki.

Ingcambu yenkqubo: Ukusuka ekukhanyiselweni ukuya kuqheliselo lomgaqo-siseko

Umqolo wolawulo lobuchule wovavanyo nolungelelwano lweminombo yezopolitiko utheth'ethe ngqo uBaron de Montesquieu, osebenza ngo1748 kumntu omnye okanye umzimba wakhe, inkululeko elahlekileyo. Oku kukhanyiselwa kuphembelela kakhulu abalawuli be-U.S., owagunyaziswayo ngeMiqathango IIII, II, kunye no IIIII, wanika igunya lokwahlulwa kwemithetho-mthetho kuMonterrea, amandla aphezulu kuMongaMongameli, namandla aphakamileyo kwiNkuNkundla ephakamileyo. Badibanise ingulowo okanye umongameli weSigqeqeshane. (njengoba umelo oluthe , ukuqinisekisa, ukumiswa kwesebe ngalinye lomthetho, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Entergosa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethelelana kwe-Elsogravian, nangona kuthe kusetyenziswa igunya elinamandla anamandla anamandla anamandla akhethekileyo athe kakhulu, nangona kungeneyo, kwaye kungene, kungene nakusetyenziswa i-

Iintambo Eziphosakeleyo: Izisongelo Ezine Kumlibo

Iimeko-bume zezobupolitika zale mihla zivelise uxinzelelo lokuba abayili bezakhiwo bokuqala babengenakuyilindela ngokupheleleyo. Imingeni emine eyahlukileyo kodwa enxulumeneyo ngoku inciphisa amandla okuhlola nolungelelwaniso ukuze isebenze ngokunempumelelo: ukupheliswa ngokweembono, ukuphangwa kwetyala, ukulawulwa kwequmrhu eliphetheyo ngaphandle kolawulo, kunye nokungalawulwa nguluntu.

Icandelo le Hyper-Indlu yabaphathi kunye noMgaqo weGrid

Mhlawumbi esona sisongelo sisasazekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwe ulwahlulo-mali. Kuninzi lweedemokrasi, amaqela ezobupolitika aye aqhubela phambili kwimiba yengqondo egqithisileyo, anciphisa isithuba sokuyekelela. Xa indlu yowiso-mthetho yahlulwe kakhulu, amandla ayo okusebenza njengovavanyo lokulawula impatho ephezulu. Endaweni yokuqhuba ulawulo olungqongqo okanye ukuvota kwiintlanganiso eziphikisanayo, ii-entloko ezinkulu zingakhusela umongameli weqela labo ekuphenduleleni ityala ngoxa uphando lwezixhobo zokulwa nabaphikisi. Oku kukhokelela ekuphengulukeni okungapheliyo, apho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokulawula isantya esigqithisileyo, efana nokudlula koqingqo lwabiwo lwemiqatha, ukuqinisekisa abagwebi, okanye ukuvala inyathelo lomkhosi ngaphandle kolawulo olunye. [[FTL:] Iziko zophando zelizwe lobuxhakaliso lobuzwe lobuzwe lobuzwe elingumoya, ukunyaniswa kobunyaniswe komnye.

Imithetho Yomthetho Nemida Engaqondakaliyo

Indima yejaji ekuhloleni nasekulinganiseni imo ye-gravice kukuchaza imithetho, ingayileli. Kodwa i-judicialism ] apho iinkundla zisekelwe kwizinto ezithandwa ngumntu ngamnye okanye zezobupolitika, kunokuba zifake inyathelo lokulawula. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba xa begweba bengenayo imithetho ebekwe phantsi kwemithetho ebanzi okanye encinane, babhungcakaza ngokuneyo kwibhedri, baqhwaba igunya labameli abanyuliweyo. Ngokuphikisanayo, abaxhasi bemithetho yokuzibophelelela ukuba maxa wambi izenzo ezinjalo ziyafuneka ukukhusela amalungelo asisiseko okanye ukuchanabeka. Iinkundla ezifanelekileyo zithelela ukuchanabeka. Iinkundla ezingongoma ze-Onkenezelo zithelela ukuthelela: ukuba iinkundla zemidlalo, ukuthemba kwabo okuthel'ubundishophu, ukuthoba kwemi, ukukhangela amanye amasebe.[3]

UkungaLawuli koLawulo oluPhezulu: Ukunyuka koBurhulumente boLawulo

Abalawuli bale mihla, ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zomongameli, baye bajika ngokuya besiya besiya besiya betshintsha imiyalelo engundoqo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo ukuze baphumeze i-grid logn. Ngoxa izenzo ezinjalo zinokusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezimaxongo, ukusebenzisa kwabo okuqhelekileyo kudida ukwahlukana kwamandla. Xa umongameli engenaxesha elithile ebeka imigaqo engundoqo yenkqubo etshintshayo/enkqubo engundoqo, okanye ukulawulwa kwemeko ekhoyo, okanye ukurhweba ngako-okanye (ukungavunyelwa kwemithetho ekhoyo), indima yendlu yowiso socalo njengesebe elikwisebe elikwindawo ephakamileyo elilawulayo iyaphela. Oku kusetyenziswa ngooorhulumente bobabini ukukhuthalela imiyalelo yokulawula, apho abagcinezelelana ngemithetho engekho mthethweni. Amazweni abenzi begunya elingurhulumente abagqeqeqeleneyo, abenza ulawulo oluphezulu lwe- Yurophu, abenza i- Yurophu, amaqela asebenze ngokusetyenziswayokutsho, amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela a

Ukungakhathali Kubantu Bonke Nokuncitshiswa

Iinqnaso nezilinganiso zixhomekeke kungekuphela nje kwisakhiwo sombutho kodwa nakumntu othembisiweyo. Xa abavoti bengenamdla, bexelelwe into ephosakeleyo, okanye bedidekile, basilela ukuthatha ityala lamagosa anyuliweyo. Ukungakhathali okungekho mthethweni [[ kuvumela ukupheliswa kwe-vhovergerman, ukucinezelwa kwemithetho, nokuzimisela ngokwawo ukungazilawuli. Ukuba uvota uphendule kwi-primptal kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni kuthetha ukuba amaqela angenawo angakwazi ukukhupha impembelelo. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwamagumbi okugcina amaziko ezinto zokugcina ulwazi kunye nokurhoxabela anokugqwetha ulwazi, kunokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba abemi babo bamele ukuba bamele iindima zabo zomthetho. Ngaphandle kokuzibophelelisela i-ethoba. [Activenernertial [3] kunye noodvetic provitions travotions, uGration, u-operation, u-operation

Ifreshi yehlabathi: Iingqikelelo nolungelelwano kuqheliselo

Ukuqonda indlela ezi ntshukumo ezidlala ngayo, kuluncedo ukuqwalasela imeko yelizwe. Imeko ezintathu . . iUnited States, Brazil, ne Turkey.

IUnited States: Ukufuna Ukuphumelela Njengekrele Eliqaqadekileyo

Inkqubo yokungagunyaziswa kwe-U.S. kucetyiswa ukuba kube yi-quintessial commentation kumandla obungameli, kodwa iye yaya isanda ngokunyuka. Abalawuli besakhiwo bacebise ukuqinisekisa njengemposiso yokususa oomongameli “olwaphulo-mthetho abakhulu kunye namaqhinga,” belindele ukuba iBhunga lendlu lisebenze njengelungu lejaji elingoondilele. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuvota kushiyeka kwemiqathango yeqela, kwenza ukuqiniseka okungalindelekileyo ukuba kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba iimpazamo zeqela likamongameli zibekwe ngaphandle kokuba umongameli u Bill Clinton kunye noDonald Trump zigxininise le meko: akukho mongameli wakha wasuswayo yindlu yetyala ngenxa yokuba umanyano. Nangona ukuchasana luhlala lungekho ngqiqwenisholo lwezopoliti, oluthi luyekile. Le meko ibonakalisa nokuxilongwa kwemithetho egqithiseleyilwayo ngenkqubo yemithetho esetyenziswayo ngoku, kodwa ngoku, i-Rocentine .

EBrazil: Inkululeko Yomgwebo Njengobunzima Obungachananga

I-Brazil inikela umzekelo owahlukileyo, apho ingcebiso yemithetho elawulayo ivavanyiwe ngokunempumelelo, ingakumbi kwimigudu yokulwa nokonakala. Ebudeni bophando lwe- “Lava Jato". (Car Shash), abagwebi kunye nabatshutshisi bephondo balandela imicimbi ephezulu nabaphathi-mashishini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalelweni kwelo langaphambili uLuiz Lula Luiz Luiza da Sile. Oku kungenelela kwabonwa ngabaninzi njengokunyanzelwa kweqela lezopolitiki elifuna ukusohlwaywa. Noko ke, abagxeki baphikisa ukuba ijaji yejaji inokuba likrele eliphinda-phinda-phinda ikrele: xa abagwebi bethatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, bafaka ubomi obuzigcipheneyo kwi-mali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukutyhola ulawulo oluphezulu lwetyala lwe-Brazil, ukugqwenga.

ITurkey: Ingozi Yezinto Ezikhuselekileyo Ezirhawulweyo

Iqhinga le-Turkey eliphantsi koMongameli Recep Tayyip Erdoãan sisilumkiso esicacileyo ngoko kwenzekayo xa kukhangelwa kunye nolwahlulo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo, urhulumente ka-Erdocalaan uye wanikezela amandla ngokubhekiselele kwimithetho-siseko, ukuthintela inkululeko yezonxibelelwano, ukususwa kwegunya le-jenaliti, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwegunya legunya lempawu. Ukunyaniswa komthetho-siseko womthetho 2017 kuphelisa isikhundla somphathi omkhulu nolawulo lwezikhundla lwephondo e-Chostrian, ukuthoba uknanze ulawulo lwepalamente. Abagwebi nabamangali abacingelwayo bajongwa njengokunga okuthe rhoqo ngabahlali befuna ukuphumelela kwemithetho eqinileyo, ukurhoxilonga kwemithetho elawulayo. Oku kuvule ukusetyenziswa kwegunyazakhono lolawulo loluntu, ukuhlasela kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokungalawuleki kwe-crackian kwemeko ye-Turkey.

Ukuqinisa Umsebenzi: Iindlela Zokubuyisela Ingxaki

Nangona ucelomngeni lunzima, lungasoyiswa. Amaqhinga aliqela ```Iziko'', izithethe/iindlela-ndlela-ndlela-zobugcisa ziyakwazi ukubuyisela nokuqinisa iitsheki kunye nomlinganiselo.

Imfundo Yesinyithi: Ukuhlakulela Ubuchule Obuthile

Idemokhrasi inamandla kuphela njengoko abemi bayo beyiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo. ikhuthaza uluntu ukuba lufumane imfundo yezentlalo kwizikolo nangamaziko eendaba zikawonke-wonke ixhobisa abantu ngolwazi lokuqonda xa amasebe egqitha imida yabo. Iingcinga ezifundisa ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, imbali yemithetho-siseko, kunye nokufundwa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano zingaba negalelo kakhulu kubantu ngokubanzi nxamnye nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kunye nokungabi naluvota. Xa abemi beqonda ukuba umsebenzi wendlu yowiso-mthetho ukulungele ukucacisa kunye nejadiary, banokugweba ngcono ukuba iinkokeli zisebenza kwiindima zabo ezifanelekileyo. Amazwe afana neFinland neKhanadaye asebenzisa kakhulu iinkqubo ezinjalo, kunye neeziphumo ezintle kwiinkqubo zokuvota kunye nokuquququ.

Isakhiwo seStudents: Ukwakha iiBridges Ngaphaya Kokwahlula

Ipalisan gridlock ingancitshiswa ngokwenza izikhuthazo zesakhiwo sokusebenzisana. incoko enqamlezayo edibeneyo ngenkqubo ezifana nezona zinto zifunekayo zemisebenzi ethile, iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zokuqinisekisa ulwamkelo, kunye neenkqubo zoqingqo-mali ezidityanisiweyo zinokunciphisa impembelelo kudonga lwamatye. Ukongeza, ukomeleza imilinganiselo yokuhloniphana kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo kunokusetyenziswa kweqela.

Inkululeko Yogwebo: Ukukhusela usompempe

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abagwebi banokulawula ngokungakhethi buso kuyagxeka. ukukhuthaza uzimele-mthetho kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukukhusela, iinkqubo zokumisa ezicace gca, kunye noqingqo-mali olwaneleyo olungenazo iimpatho zobupolitika. Kumazwe amaninzi, abagwebi bamiselwa ngamabhunga azimeleyo kunokuba banyulwe ngamagosa azimeleyo, ukunciphisa ulawulo lwezomthetho. Kwangaxesha linye, utshintsho lwemithetho yokuziphatha lungaqinisa isithethe sokuzibamba, ukudinisa ukusebenza. I-judiary efuna zombini ikhuselo olusemthethweni kunye nempucuko yendlela yokuzilawula enxulumene nemithetho enxulumene nemidabini. [[FLT] I-Interracmsko yoomatilist [FFFFOct:]

Ukubonakala Okucacileyo Nokuvuleka Korhulumente

Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kumsebenzi worhulumente kunceda ukubuyisela ukuthembana kukawonke-wonke nokunika ingxengxezo. Ukuvula imithetho yedata, uphicotho-zincwadi olufikelelekayo, kunye neengxoxo ezidityanisiweyo zemithetho yemithetho elawulayo zivumela abemi ukuba bahlolisise izenzo ngexesha lokwenene. Xa izenzo zikarhulumente zingaqondakali, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kolwazi kunzima ukuphawula. Ubuxhakaxhakamfuli bungadlala indima: amaqonga okugqabaza uwonke kwimimiselo, i-intanethi yeebhodi ezihamba ngomkhondo wemida, kunye neengxelo zamanani ezilawula imiqathango yemithetho enika amandla onke asebenza kakuhle, kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo. Ukubonakala yindlela elula yokuhlola isebenza, kodwa yenza iimeko zokusebenza kakuhle.

Isiphelo: Ukuzibophelela Okungapheliyo

Ucelomngeni lokugcina ii-checks kunye nolungelelwano kwizobupolitika zale mihla luyokwenene kwaye luyanda. Lufuna ukuba uluntu olunobuhlanga, ukuphandwa kwezahlulelo, ukulawulwa kwegunya, kunye nokulahlwa kwesizwe ngako konke ukupheliswa kwenkqubo. Kodwa ingxelo yembali ibonisa ukuba ulawulo-melo lungatshintsha luze luqinise olo lukhuselwe. Umsebenzi ufuna okungaphezulu kunoyilo lomgaqo-siseko; ufuna inkxalabo enika impumelelo kwicandelo loburhulumente ekungeneleni, kunye nobumi obusebenzayo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-demokhrasi kusetyenziso lolawulo-demokhrasi kuxhomekeke kusini na ekuvuselelweni umoya wokuhlala uhleli kwakhona okucetyiswa ngabaseki beenko nolungeleyo. Ngumzabala ongayisoze upheleli , kodwa omnye ufanele wonke umgudu.