Ukuqonda Ukwahlukana Kwamandla

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya yimodeli elawulayo esasaza igunya likarhulumente kumacala ahlukeneyo, ngalinye elineembopheleleko nezithintelo zalo ezichaziweyo. Olu lwahlulo lwesakhiwo luyilelwe ukuthintela ukuxinezeleka kwamandla nakwesiphi na isiko, ulwahlulo oluboniswa yimbali lukhokelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kulawulo lolawulo olungqongqo kunye nokurhoxa kwamalungelo omntu ngamnye. Kwimodeli yalo esesikweni, imodeli ihlula urhulumente ngamasebe amathathu: umthetho oyila imithetho, owenzela umthetho, osebenza nokuwunyanzelela; nowokuwuchaza nokuwusebenzisa. Ngokugcina lo msebenzi wahlukeneyo, inkqubo ebangela ukhuthuko olukhawulezileyo lwesigqibo, ukhuthazo, ucebisiso lwemithetho, kwaye yenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba umntu omnye okanye iqela elinolawulo luwubambe ngokupheleleyo.

Lo mgaqo usekelwe ekuqondeni ukuba amandla, ngendalo yawo, athanda ukunyuka de adibane namandla achaseneyo. Xa iqumrhu elinye elibhala imithetho likwayinyanzelisa, akukho nto ingathiyekiyo ukuyeka elo qumrhu ekubhaleni imithetho esebenzela iinjongo zalo kunokuba incede uluntu. Xa elinye iqumrhu elinyanzela ukuba imithetho ixazulule impikiswano engemithetho, abemi balahlekelwa yiyo nayiphi na into eyimfuneko efunekayo ngokuchasene norhulumente ochukumileyo. Ukwahlulwa kwamandla kusebenza njengekhuselwa kwesakhiwo, kukhuselwa ukhuseleko lwenkululeko kwinkululeko yesizwe kunokuba kuxhomekeke kuphela kwimimiselo yabo bakwisikhundla.

Iqabane eligxeka ukwahlulwa kwamagunya yinkqubo yokuhlola kunye nolungelelwano, apho isebe ngalinye linomlinganiselo othile wempembelelo kwabanye. Isebe eliphetheyo lingase liqhube umthetho odluliselwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho, indlu yowiso-mthetho ingayekelela ukuba iveto ngobuninzi obaneleyo, kwaye ijaji ingabetha imithetho echasene nomgaqo-siseko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho sebe linokwenza into ngaphandle kokuphuma emgangathweni, linyanzelela intsebenziswano kunye nokulala. Ngale ndlela, ukwahlulwa kwamandla akungokwahlula nje imisebenzi kodwa kunokwenza umahluko onamandla okhusela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya nakweyiphi nayiphi na indlela.

Imeko

Ingcamango yokuba igunya lezobupolitika alifanele lijoliswe kumntu omnye okanye kwisiqu inomzi wakudala. UAristotle, kwimithetho yakhe , uPolitics, eyahlulwa phakathi kolawulo olunenkululeko, olunegunya, kunye nemisebenzi yezomthetho wezolawulo, nangona engazange acebise ukuba kwahlulwe ulawulo olungqongqo. IRiphabliki yeRoma yasebenza kunye nomgaqo-siseko oxutyiweyo owabelana ngegunya phakathi kwama-conluli, i-Canternet, kunye neendibano ezidumileyo, umzekelo owathi kamva wafunda njengomzekelo osebenzayo wolawulo olulungeleleneyo. Noko ke, yayikho ngexesha lokwahlulo lwamandla okukhanyiselwa kolawulo olulucekelweyo lwachazwa njengengcamango yezopolitiko yezomthetho-siseko.

Isithandi sobulumko saseFransi uMontesquieu unxulumene kakhulu nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sale mihla. Kumsebenzi wakhe wewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi asibhozo. Umoya woMthetho , uMontesquieu waphikisa ukuba inkululeko yezopolitiko ifuna ukuba akukho mntu okanye iqela elinokwahlula omnye umntu. Wabhala ukuba "xa amandla omthetho kunye negunya lolawulo lumanyaniswe kumntu omnye, okanye kwiqumrhu elinye lomajaji, akunakubakho nkululeko." Waphinda walumkisa ukuba ukuba ukuba amandla ogwebo athelelane nomthetho, ubomi kunye nenkululeko yabemi yayizakuba phantsi kolawulo olungekho mthethweni. UMontequius &quo; uhlalutyo luye kakhulu kwisifundo sakhe somgaqo wesingesingesingesiXhosa, akholelwa ngokusetyenziswa kokuqheliselana kolwazi oluqhelekileyo, nangona kamva luye lwaboniswa luye lwakuchazwa lulawulo olungesingesingesingesingesingesingesingesingesingesingesingesingesingeyo.

Montesquieu ’ iingcamango zahamba zinqumla iAtlantiki zaza zabumba ngokunzulu iingcinga zabaseki baseMelika. UJames Madison, kuFederalist No. 47, wakhusela umGaqo-siseko we-U.S. ocetyiweyo nxamnye nezityholo zokuba yaphazamisa ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, iphikisa ukuba iMontesquieu ayithethi ukuba amasebe amele abe nesebe elingenamkhethe kwizenzo zomnye, kodwa kunoko ukuba akukho sebe limele libe namandla onke omnye. UMgaqo-siseko wesizwe, wagunya le-U.S., wagunya lokuqala lomthetho wasemthethweni wesizwe, wagunya lokuqinisekisa ukwahlulwa okusesikweni kwamandla kunye nolungelelamxhesho oluqinileyo, kwaye ukususela oko lisebenze njengemodeli ye-demodemodefiki yomhlaba kwihlabathi lonke.

Impembelelo yokwahlulwa kwamagunya yadlulela ngaphaya kwe-United States. Kwisindululo seFransi emva komguquko, iSibhengezo samalungelo abantu kunye nowaMasipala ka-1789 savakalisa ukuba "naliphi na ibutho apho isiqinisekiso samalungelo singaqinisekiswanga, okanye ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, akunamgaqo-siseko." Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane zeshumi elinesithoba namashumi amabini, amazwe amatsha azimeleyo namazwe aguqukele kulawulo oluneedentilikitha amkela ulwahlulo lwawo njengesiseko semiyalelo yawo, avumelanisa lo mzekelo kwimorejithethotho zawo yezobupolitika nezithethe.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukwahlukana Kwamagunya Kubaluleke Ukuze Kufumane Inkululeko

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya akuyonto nje eluncedo okanye ingcamango engekho ngqiqweni. Isebenza ikonkrithi nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekhusela ngokuthe ngqo inkululeko yabantu kunye nempilo yentlalo yedemokhrasi. Le misebenzi iyadityaniswa, nganye iqinisa enye ukuze ivelise inkqubo yokuzilawula eqinileyo.

Ukuthintela Ukucinezelwa

Eyona njongo isisiseko yokwahlulwa kwamagunya kukuthintela ubundlobongela. Xa lonke igunya likarhulumente lijoliswe kumntu omnye okanye kumzimba omnye, akukho ngqikelelo lunentsingiselo kwindlela elisetyenziswa ngayo elo gunya. Umlawuli okanye iqela elilawulayo lingenza, linyanzelise, lichaze imithetho ngokwenjongo yalo, kungekho ncedo kwabo bangavumelaniyo. Imbali inika imizekelo emininzi epheleleyo yale mikhosi enamandla, ukusuka kwimikhosi yoozwilakhe ukuya kumasebe ahlukeneyo. Ngokuhlula amasebe, ukwahlukana kwamagunya kuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umzamo wokulawula umele wolawulo oluzimeleyo, ngalinye limele likwazi ukuloyisa imikhosi emininzi ezimeleyo, kunye namandla ayo okulwa nolawulo. Esi sithintelo siso sisombululo solawulo sorhulumente esingumgangatho olawulayo.

Iipeksi Nolungelelwano

Inkqubo yee-checks kunye nolungelelwano yenza ukwahlulwa kwemithetho kunye nezenzo zamagunya. Isebe ngalinye linikwa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisela izenzo zezinye. Indlu yowiso-mthetho ilawula uqingqo-mali kwaye kufuneka ivumele ukubekwa kwegunya kunye nezivumelwano. Igunya elilawulayo liyalela umkhosi kwaye lingawulawula umthetho. Isebe lejaji lihlola ukuma komgaqo-siseko wemithetho kunye nezenzo zolawulo kwaye linegama lokugqibela elisekelwe kwintsingiselo yayo. La mandla angenalo adala inkqubo apho amabhongo enzelwe ukulwa nephulo, njengoko uMadison echazwe ngokudumileyo kwiFederalist No. 51. Akukho sebe linokulawula abanye ngaphandle kwentsebenziswano, naliphi naliphi na isebe elinokusetyenziswa ligunya lawo elilawulayo. Oku kumele ukukhuselwa kolawulo olubiswayo nokukhuselwa kwabemi.

Ukukhuselwa Kwamalungelo Omntu Ngamnye

Amalungelo omntu ngamnye akhuseleke ngakumbi xa igunya lisasazwa. Urhulumente onokwenza, onyanzelisa, nogweba imithetho yakhe ngokulula angaphazamisana nenkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yendibano, kunye nokucofa, kunye namalungelo afanelekileyo enkqubo kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kudala iingongoma ezininzi zokuchasa ukuchaswa kolo lwaphulo-mthetho. Ijaji enokuthi ingqubanise imithetho echasene nokhuseleko olusemthethweni. Ngaphezu koko, ikomiti yowiso-mthetho ingayeyalela ukuqokelela iinkqubo zegunya elilawulayo ezisongela amalungelo. Igunya linokuyeka ukunyanzelisa imithetho ecacileyo engekho mthethweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo kumele kudlule ngezihluzi ezininzi, nto nganye enokuyiphelisa. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho bezi zihluzi bezi zinto ziphazamisayo ekuzaphuliseni amalungelo entlalweni komthetho kwindawo yokuqala.

Ukhuthazo Lwenkululeko Nokulalanisa

Ulawulo olulungileyo lufuna uphando kunye nolwahlulo lwamandla lukhuthaza zombini. Ngenxa yokuba kungekho sebe elinye elinokusebenza lodwa kwimicimbi emikhulu, amasebe ahlukeneyo kufuneka anxibelelane aze afumane umhlaba owamkelekileyo. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ifuna imvume engqubanayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kwaye umphathi-ntloko kufuneka asayine amatyala asemthethweni. Isebe lingawuphelisa umthetho owephula umthetho, onyanzelisa umthetho ukuba ubuyele kwibhodi yokuzoba. Olu ngquzuzukisa-mthetho lunciphisa inkqubo yowiso-mthetho-mthetho kwaye lunqanda ukukhawuleza, iyakukhuthaza ukungeniswa kwemithetho eqwalaselweyo ekumiselweni kweembono ezahlukeneyo, njengoko isebe ngalinye limele iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-conuitquence. Isiphumo sisiphumo esinesiphumo esithe ngceke ngakumbi somthetho wezo zonke iinkonzo ezixhamkelo olubanzi yaye ngokunokwenzeka ukuchasana kumalungelo amalungelo.

Ukuphendula kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kwenza kucace ukuba liliphi isebe elimele limele ityala. Xa lisenza inyathelo elifanelekileyo. Xa abemi benolwazi ngeliphi isebe elenza isigqibo baze bagcine amagosa afanelekileyo exanduva kwibhokisi yokufaka ibhotile okanye ngemigaqo esemthethweni. Isebe lemithetho yowiso-mthetho limele liphendulelwe ngemithetho edlulayo, umphathi wendlela loo mithetho enyanzeliswa ngayo, kwaye inkcaso yemithetho yendlela etolikwa ngayo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukufihla idemokhrasi. Ngaphezu koko, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kukhuthaza ukubonakala ngokufuna amasebe ahlukeneyo ukuba atyhile ulwazi omnye komnye kwaye adlulisele ebantwini. Izenzo zolawulo ziphantsi kolawulo, iinkundla zezomthetho ziqhutywa ekuhleni, neengxoxo zemithetho-mthetho. Oku kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukufihla ityala kurhulumente kubantu abaxhaphaza.

Imizekelo Yokwahlukana Kwamagunya

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kubonakalisa ilizwe ngalinye i-’ imbali, inkcubeko yezobupolitika, kunye nezithethe zomGaqo-siseko. Nangona lo mgaqo usisiseko uhlala ufana, inkqubo ethile nempumelelo yawo iyahluka ngokuphawulekayo.

I-United States

IUnited States inikela umzekelo obalaseleyo wenkqubo yomongameli ekwahlulwa ngamandla amakhulu. I-S. UmGaqo-siseko unika igunya lokulawula kwiKhomishini, amandla olawulo kuMongameli, namandla okulawula kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye neenkundla ezisezantsi zikarhulumente. Isebe ngalinye linamagunya ahlukeneyo kwaye linyulwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: iBhunga linyulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabantu, uMongameli unyulwa ngokungqalileyo ngeElekholejini, kwaye abagwebi besizwe bamiselwa nguMongameli abanoMongameli abanoqinisekiso lweNtsimbi. Le nkqubo iqikelelo iqiniswa ngumthetho oqinileyo wee-e-e-erountspeat, ekwakhetiweyo [2]. [4.1] UMongameli uyakwazi ukukhupha umthetho, kodwa iNgqungqu ingawuyeka ngezo ezibini ezimbini nezinkulu. kunye nemithetho-Mongameli ye-ngameli yoMkhosi, ingumphangameli, ingumphanganye, ingulo ekwanye ingulo, ingumali, kunye neMikhosi ekwayonganye ingu

I-Jamani

IJamani isebenza phantsi kwenkqubo yepalamente egcina ukwahlulwa okucacileyo kwamagunya. Noko ke, iBoundestag (indlu esezantsi) kunye neBundesrat (indlu engaphezulu emela amagunya owiso-mthetho) isebenzisa amandla owiso-mthetho. ISebe leSizwe leNkundla likhokela isebe elilawulayo kwaye linyulwa liqukwa lisebe elilawulayo. Inkqubo yeKhosi yemikhosi enamandla kwaye ibandakanya uMongameli onamandla, nangona idla ngokusesikweni, angakwala ukutyiki imithetho phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Noko ke, uMgaqo-siseko weBundersrat unawo onke amandla abalulekileyo emithetho echaphazela amazwe, kwaye amasebe eeKhohlo asebenza ngokunempumelelo. Inkqubo yemikhosi yezomthetho ibandakanya umgaqo-Gwarabhuthi yephondo, iyakwazi ukuqulungela imigaqo-mthetho phantsi kwemithetho esemthethweni esemthethweni, ingurhulumente kunye neemeko ezilawulayo zonke ii-Jamani.

I-India

I-India ’ i-Gracm-siseko imisa inkqubo yepalamente enokwahlulwa okucacileyo kwamandla phakathi kwendlu yowiso-mthetho, isikhululo, kunye nesahlulelo. IPalamente yeSizwe liyiLok Sabhaha (Indlu Yabantu) kunye neRajaya Sabhaha (Indlu YamaZwe). Amandla olawulo abekwe kuMongameli, osebenza kwicebiso leBhunga labaPhathiswa abalawulwayo abalawulwa nguMphathiswa-mikhosi. Inkundla ePhakathiswayo yaseIndiya inamandla okuhlola ikomiti kwaye iyakwazi ukuwisa imithetho echasene nomgaqo-siseko. I-’ i-judiary ibisoloko isebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhuseleni amalungelo asisiseko, imisela imithetho elawulayo kwimibandela engaphandle ekukhuseleni imekobume yemeko-bume. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yezopolitiki ijongene neengcubangezo zezopolitiko phakathi kolawulo lweziko.

UMzantsi Afrika

UMongameli uyintloko yorhulumente kunye nentloko yesigqeba esilawulayo, esinyulwe yiNdibano yesiZwe. ISigqeba sonyaka-mva-apartheid, samiselwa ngo-1996, inkqubo yamaBhunga ahlukeneyo anezikhuseli ezomeleleyo namalungelo abantu. IPalamente iqukelwe yiNgqungquthela yeSizwe neBhunga leSizwe lamaPhondo. UMongameli uyintloko weSizwe nentloko yesigqeba, onyulwe yiNdibano yeSizwe. Ikomiti yejaji izimele izimele izimele kwaye iqukelele inkqubo yomGaqo-siseko, ethetha oko ekugqibeleni kwimicimbi yemiqumgaqo-siseko. Inkundla yezomgaqo-siseko isebenza indima ebalulekileyo ekumanyaneni nedemokhrasi, ukuqwalasela imithetho yezolawulo lomthetho kunye nezenzo zolawulo lwesizwe ekuvumelaneni kwebutho labantu abasemantlalweni. Imeko loburhulumente loburhulumente lobuzwelonke iyakwazi ukubonakalisa indlela yokuxhasa intententelelanisa intentelelo lobuliso lobuzwelo.

Ucelomngeni Lokwahlukana Kwamagunya Kwimimandla Ephakamileyo

Nangona lingqineka lixabisekile, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kujongene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo kwinkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Olu celomngeni aluzisongelo nje olucingwayo kodwa luye lwabonwa kwimimandla emininzi yolawulo-melo ehlabathini lonke, lubangela inkxalabo ngokukwazi ukumelana norhulumente womgaqo-siseko.

Ufikelelo olungaphezulu

Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho elawulayo kunye nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni zokungavunyelwa kwemithetho kusenokuba yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kucelomngeni oluzinzileyo lokwahlula amagunya. Iinkokeli kunye neenkokeli zeentloko zisoloko zizama ukwandisa igunya lazo, ingakumbi ngexesha lamanqam anjengemfazwe, ukuwa kwezoqoqosho, okanye iingozi zempilo yoluntu. Ukusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo kunye nezenzo zokungagunyaziswa kwemithetho kuxhaphake kakhulu, kwanakwizilawuli zolawulo lwedemo-zulu. Xa abalawuli besebe begunya-masebe besenza amasebe afile, ukubekwa kwemiqatha ejajiko, nokuthomalathiswa kwemithetho e-mthetho. Oku kuchazwe kumazwe aquka i-Hungary, i-Turkey, iTurkey, kunye, ngokomlinganiselo owona mgangatho, kunye namasebe asebenzayo, amasebe afumana amasebe.

Name

Ukwahlulwa kolawulo oluphezulu kusenokuphelisa ukwahlulwa kwamagunya ngokuguqula iimfazwe zamagunya aphakathi kwamacandelo alwayo. Xa iqela elinye lezobupolitika lilawula amasebe aphetheyo kunye nawowiso-mthetho, indlu yowiso-mthetho ’ ukuvuma ukukhangela umphathi kulula kakhulu. Ukunyaniseka kweqela kusoloko kuthatha indawo yokuqala kulawulo lolawulo, kukhokelela abalawuli ekujongeni umongameli okanye umphathi-mikhosi oyintloko kwiqela labo kwanokuba uyakwazi ukuvelisa igunya labo. Ngokuphikisana noko, xa amaqela ahlukeneyo elawula amasebe, icandelo eliphezulu elinokwalathisa i-antini ee, ukukhusela urhulumente ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Kwizimo zombini, ukungqubana kokuthiwa kwamandla kucetyelwe ukuvelisa indlela yokusebenza okanye ukuphumelela. Ulwahlulwa lwamandla luxhomekeke kwimiqathangokwawo yamazwe azimeleyo nakumgangatho wolawulo lwamaqela asebenza kuwo.

Ukugweba Nokungathobeli

Indima yejaji phantsi kolwahlulo lwamagunya ingumcimbi oqhubekayo. Abahlalutyi bezenzo zogwebo baphikisa ngelithi maxa wambi iinkundla ziwugqitha umlinganiselo wazo ofanelekileyo ngokuwisa imithetho yedemokhrasi esekelwe kwiinkcazelo ezithe kratya kwimigaqo yezomthetho. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuma kuqikelelo olugqithisileyo kumasebe ezobupolitika kungavumela ukungalawulwa komgaqo-siseko. Ukulungelelana okufanelekileyo phakathi kokuzimela ngokwamagunya ekomitini kunye nokungalawuli kwenkundla kumele kube nzima ukulondolozwa yaye kusoloko kuphikiswa. Inkundla ingxubeko yezomthetho, izisongelo zoqingqo-mali, kunye nokuhlasela kweemeko zobupolitika kubagwebi bonke abagwebi kusongela ukuzimela kwemithetho yokwahlulelo kunye nokwahlulo lwamagunya ngokwayo. Ukukhusela ingqibelelo yeenkundla kuyimfuneko ukugcina umgaqo-mthetho.

Ukuvela Kwamandla Olawulo

Ilizwana lolawulo lale mihla linikela ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo kulwahlulo lwamagunya ngokwesithethe. Amasebe olawulo adibanisa uwiso-mthetho, impatho yegunya, kunye nemisebenzi yezomthetho: akhupha imimiselo enomthetho onamandla, anyanzelisa loo mithetho ngokuphanda nangezohlwayo, kunye neempikiswano ezingquzulwano ezivela kwizenzo zawo. Oku kusebenza koorhulumente kubangele ukuxhalabelana ngesebe "lesine" lorhulumente osebenza ngaphandle komgaqo-siseko wamagunya ahlukeneyo. Ngoxa iinkundla ziye zaphuhlisa iimfundiso zokuhlola izenzo zoothunywa, umthamo kunye nobuntlola bolawulo-mthetho wangoku kwenza kube nzima ukuvelela okunentsingiselo. Ucelomngeni lolawulo-mthetho-siseko lulungelelanisa imfuneko yomgaqo-siseko kunye nemigaqo esebenzayo yamandla awohlukeneyo kunye nokuphendula.

Ukuhlaselwa kweenkonzo zedemokhrasi

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye iinkokeli ezinyuliweyo ziye zahlasela ngokuphandle amaziko axhasa ukwahlukana kwamagunya. Ziye zathandabuza ukufaneleka kweenkundla, amajelo eendaba azimeleyo, amaqumrhu okhetho, kunye namaqumrhu enkonzo karhulumente. Ziye zafuna ukucoca abasebenzi belizwe, zithabathel ’ indawo yabagwebi ngamahlakani, zize zihlasele naliphi na iqumrhu elimiweyo. Oku kusoloko kubekwa phantsi kolwimi lwempuphu olubonisa ukuba inkokeli yokwenyaniso ngabantu imela idemokhrasi echasene nelungu elikhohlakeleyo. Kodwa isiphumo sazo sikwanye: ukuthomalalisa uvavanyo lwamandla olawulo lwezakhiwo, nokuqinisa igunya lomntu omnye okanye iqela. Ukuthotyelwa kolwa kwamagunya kumazwe anje eHungary, ePoland, kunye neVenezuela ibonisa isantya esiboniswa ngenkqubo yedemokhrasi xa ibhunga eliye lakha lakha lacelwa.

Ukukhusela Ukwahlukana Kwamagunya Kwixesha Lanamhlanje

Ukwahlula amagunya kufuna okungaphezulu kunemiqathango ebhaliweyo. Kufuna impucuko yezobupolitika exabisa inkululeko yequmrhu, ubumi obufuna ingqwalaselo yeenkokeli, kunye nezithethe nezenzo ezixhasa inkqubo yomGaqo-siseko.

Ukuqinisa Inkululeko yezemfundo

Imithetho, iinkundla, kunye namaqumrhu azimeleyo afuna ubuncwane, ukuzimela, kunye nenkxaso yezopolitiko ukuze kuxhathiswe ukungenelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezolawulo. Oku kuthetha ukukhusela uqingqo-mali kwimpindezelo yezopolitiko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikomiti zowiso-mthetho zinemisebenzi efanelekileyo neyobugosa-mthetho, nokukhusela amaqumrhu alawulayo ekungeneleni kwezobupolitika. Imibutho yasekuhlaleni, imibutho yezomthetho, iinkampani, kunye namaqela obugcisa anokwenza indima ebalulekileyo ekulweleni inkululeko yoluntu ngokuthetha ngokuchasene nentlaselo kunye nokukhuthaza uluvo lukawonke.

Imfundo yePhondo kunye nokuLumkelwa

Abahlali kufuneka bakuqonde ukwahlukana kwamagunya nesizathu sokuba kubalulekile ukuze bakhululwe. Imfundo yeSikolo nentetho yesidlangalala kumajelo eendaba kufuneka igxininise imigaqo yokwakha ekhusela amalungelo nokukhusela ingcinezelo. Xa abemi beqonda ukuba ijaji ezimeleyo, indlu yowiso-mthetho eqinileyo, kunye nesigqeba esiphantsi kwegunya ziyimfuneko ukuze bafumane inkululeko, banokukwazi ukumelana nokubiza abantu ukuba banikel ’ ingqalelo kwimpumelelo okanye kukhokelo olunamandla.

Izithethe Nezenzo Zezobupolitika

Umbhalo womGaqo-siseko wodwa awunelanga. Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kukwaxhomekeke kwizithethe ezingekho mthethweni kunye noqheliselo oluhlonelwa ziinkokeli. Oku kuquka ukwamkela ukufaneleka kovavanyo lomthetho, ukungasebenzisi amandla okumisa ukubeka inkundla, ukuhlonela ulawulo lowiso-mthetho, nokungasebenzisi ukuphatha igunya lokulawula ukuqeqesha abachasi bezobupolitika. Xa le migaqo yomthetho yophulwa, inkqubo yemithetho-siseko iyaphulwa, nokuba akukho lutshintsho olusemthethweni lwenziweyo. Ukuzinziwa kwale mithetho-mthetho kudinga ukhokelo kuwo onke amasebe karhulumente nakuluntu.
Ukwahlukana kwamandla akuyo akuyo ingcamango ye-18, ingunomthetho-185. Ingumgaqo ohlala ubalulekile ekukhuseleni inkululeko kwinkulungwane yokuqala. Njengoko i-Rodemonoloji elungele ukugqene, ukuhlasela okungena kumaqela asekuhlaleni, ukuhlasela kwemithetho elungele ukuchana, ukuqinisekisa ukuchana kwawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuchana nokugwetywa kwawo, ukuqinisekisa oko kuyaqhubeka ukukhusela oku.