Ucelomngeni Lobulungisa Kwindawo Ephambili

I-Access to Edvance Placement (AP) iseyenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezithintelayo ekulungiseleleni ikholeji nokulingana kwemfundo eUnited States. Ngoxa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwe-AP kuye kwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo, ukusasazwa kwamathuba kuhlala kungafani. Abafundi abafumana ingeniso ephezulu, izithili zesikolo ezisekwe isigxina esiphezulu basengozini yokuya kwizikolo ezinika isondlo esipheleleyo se-AP, ngelixa abafundi phantsi kwasemaphandleni nakwimimandla yasezidolophini bengenamrhumo enye. Oku kungabi ngumbandela nje wokufumaneka kwemfundo; kukwandiswa kuqeqesho, ukuxhasa iinkqubo zabafundi, kunye nenkcubeko yemfundo kwisikolo.

I-College Board inikela ingxelo yokuba phantse ama-40% ezikolo eziphakamileyo zase-U.S. aziniki naziphi na izifundo ze-AP, kwaye ezo zinika i-AP zimbalwa. Kwanaxa kukho izifundo, ubhaliso lusoloko lubonakalisa ubuhlanga kunye nezithuba zentlalo-ntle. Abafundi abamnyama nabakwiSpeyin, kunye nabafundi abakwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi, baphantsi kwenkqubo ze-AP. Ukuvala lo msantsa kufuna ungenelo lwenkqubo//na namaqabane oluntu akhoyo athe avela njengenye yezixhaso ezisebenzayo zokutshintsha.

Umahluko Okhoyo

Izizathu eziziingcambu zonikezelo lwe-AP olusikelwe umda zizinto ezininzi. Izithintelo zemali zisona sithintelo sicacileyo: Iizifundo ze-AP zifuna izinto zokufundisa ezizodwa, izixhobo zelebhu zezifundo zenzululwazi, kwaye, eyona nto inzima, abafundisi- ntsapho abaqeqeshelwe ukudlulisela uqeqesho lwemigangatho yasekholeji. Imimandla emininzi ayinayo imali yokuqesha okanye yokuqeqesha abafundisi-AP-enkundleni. Ukongeza, amanani asezantsi abafundi ababhalisayo kwezinye izikolo awenza angancedi ngamali ukunikezela ngezifundo.

Ingxaki ibangelwa kukuzimela imimandla engaphandle. Izikolo zasemaphandleni zisoloko zitsala abafundisi- ntsapho abafanelekayo, kwaye iindlela ezizizo zokufunda azikasetyenziswa kakuhle okanye azisetyenziswa kakuhle. Kwizixeko zasedolophini, ubukhulu beklasi eninzi kunye nezinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo zingabangela ukuba i-AP ifikelele emacaleni. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso yangaphandle, ezi zikolo zihlala zivalelwe kumjikelo wokunikela okulinganiselweyo kunye nokulungelelanisa kwabafundi.

Impembelelo ekufundeni nasempumelelweni yeKoleji

Iizifundo ze-AP azinikeli nje umxholo ophezulu; zinika imiqondiso kwiikholeji ukuba umfundi ukulungele ukuphumelela kakhulu emsebenzini wemfundo. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba abafundi abathatha iimviwo ze-AP baqhuba kakuhle ekholejini yaye banamanqanaba aphezulu okuphumelela. Ngaphezu koko, amanqaku aphezulu kwiziphumo ze-AP anokuguqulela kwityala lakwanokholeji, ukulondoloza iintsapho amawaka eerandi. Xa abafundi bengenayo i-AP, abaphuthelwa nje yimfundo echuliweyo kodwa balahlekelwa nayiyo inkcubeko yokhuphicotho kwizifundo eziya ekholejini kunye neenkqubo zoncedo lwemali.

Iziphumo zamandla zidlulela nangaphandle kwabafundi ngabanye. Izikolo ezinenkqubo ze-AP ezinamandla zitsala abafundi abanomdla ongakumbi kunye nabaqeqeshi, zinyusa imilinganiselo yemfundo epheleleyo, zize zomeleze udumo lwabo. Utyalo-mali loluntu jikelele ekufikeleleni kwe-AP, ngoko ke, alungeneli kungekuphela nje abafundi ngabanye kodwa zonke izinto eziphila ngokwemfundo.

Indima yeenqanawa zoluntu ekufumaneni i-AP

Akukho sithili sesikolo singacombulula ucelomngeni lwe-AP kuphela. Umanyano loluntu ludibanisa imibutho eyahlukeneyo (81) enobuncwane obukhethekileyo, ubuchule, kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha ) ukuze kwenziwe izisombululo ezizinzileyo, ezizinzileyo. Ezi ntsebenziswano zivumela izikolo ukuba zisebenzise izinto zangaphandle ngaphandle kokuthwala umthwalo opheleleyo wemali okanye wokusebenza. Xa zifelwe kakuhle, amaqela anokunyusa ngokuphawulekayo inani labafundi abangabhalisanga nje kwiiklasi ze-AP kodwa abaphumelele kwiziphumo zonyaka ophelile.

Iintlobo zamaqabane

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo esisebenzayo sibandakanya iindidi ezininzi zabangenisi:

  • Amaziko emfundo aphezulu – Iikholeji eziqeqeshiweyo kunye neekholeji zoluntu zinganika abaqeqeshi, zinika ukhetho olubini lokufumana ungeniso, kwaye zibonelele iinkqubo ze-AP yangaphambili. Iikholeji ezininzi zivumela abafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuba baphicothe okanye babe nenxaxheba kwizifundo zehlobo.
  • amashishini namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni – Iinkampani zingaxhasa iimali zee-AP zovavanyo, zinikele ngezixhobo kunye nezinto ezifumanekayo, zinikezele namathuba okuncedisana nezifundo ze-AP. Amatsha - ntliziyo asoloko ekhonza njengabacebisi okanye izithethi zeendwendwe.
  • Imibutho yengeniso – ingeniso ejoliswe kwingeniso enjengeNational Math ne Science Initive, i-Aumedificity Schools, kunye namaqabane eKolleji Board aqhuba iinkqubo ezenzelwe ukuchonga nokuxhasa abafundi abangaphantsi kwe-AP.
  • Amasebe oLawulo nolawulo lweziseko – umgangatho wemali, amanyathelo emali karhulumente, kunye nesiseko sobuqu sinokunciphisa uqeqesho lomfundisi, uphuhliso lokufundisa, kunye nesiseko sobugcisa.

Iingenelo Ezifumaneka Kwizikolo Nakubafundi

Iingenelo zomanyano loluntu zidlulela ngaphaya kwenkxaso yemali. Nazi iingenelo ezingundoqo:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukugquma iindleko zovavanyo nezixhobo – izithili ezininzi azinakukwazi ukuhlawula iindleko ze-AP kumfundi ngamnye. Iinqanawa zonxibelelwano zingayibhala phantsi lemirhumo, kususwe umqobo obalulekileyo wemali.
  • Uphuhliso lobuGcisa -iyunivesithi zobulali zisoloko zinika iiovesicanti, iiklasi ze-intanethi, okanye izikolo zasehlotyeni ezinceda abafundisi-lwazi bafumane i-AP creding kwaye baphucule iindlela zokufundisa.
  • Ukucebisa nokufundisa - abafundi basekholiji namatsha - ntliziyo oluntu anganikezela ngomnye okanye iqela elincinane lokufundisa kwimixholo ye-AP, ingakumbi izibalo kunye nenzululwazi, apho amaqondo okuyeka ukuphuma kudla ngokuphakama.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iminikelo ye-AP – ngokusebenzisana nabanikezeli bezifundo ze-intanethi okanye isithili esiselumelwaneni, izikolo zingandisa ikhatagothi yazo ngaphandle kokuqesha abasebenzi abongezelelekileyo.
  • ICholege kunye nocwangciso lokulungiselela umsebenzi - abahlobo basoloko benceda kwimisebenzi yesicelo yakwanokholeji, ukukhangela imfundo, kunye nokuhlola umsebenzi kwimimandla ye-AP.

Izicwangciso eziphumelelayo zokwakha nokuxhasa iinqanawa zobudlelane

Ukuqalisa umanyano lwengingqi kulula; ukululondoloza kubandakanya ukuyila nokuzibophelela okuqhubekayo. Izikolo nezithili eziphumeleleyo zidla ngokulandela iindlela eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuzibekela Usukelo Nokumisela Unxibelelwano Olucacileyo

Iqabane ngalinye kufuneka liqonde umsebenzi owabelweneyo: ukwandisa unikezelo olulinganayo kwi AP izifundo. Phambi kokuba kuqalwe nawuphi na umsebenzi, izikolo kunye namaqabane kufuneka bavumelane ngeenjongo zabo kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo. Olu xwebhu kufuneka luchaze iindima, oovimba, ii-astline, kunye ne-milisekondi ukuze kuphumelele. rhoqo uhlolo-ezi-nyanga/o-okanye ngekota/help lugcina iingxaki zomphezulu zisemgangathweni. Ukucaca ngokweenjongo neziphumo kwakha ukuthemba kwaye kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemali ixesha elide.

Ijelo lonxibelelwano kufuneka libe lelolathisayo. Amaqabane kufuneka aphulaphule kubafundisi- ntsapho nakubafundi ngoko kusebenza eklasini. Izikolo kufuneka ziqonde izithintelo nezinto eziza kuqala zeqabane ngalinye. Unxibelelwano okanye unxibelelwano lonxulumano lungasebenza njengeyona ndawo iphambili yokudibana, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkcazelo ihamba kakuhle.

Umlinganiselo wempembelelo noncedo

Izikolo kufuneka zilandelela kungekuphela nje amanani oMbhaliso kodwa kwanamanani okuthatha inxaxheba kwimviwo, ukusasazwa kweenqaku, nokuchaphazeleka kwamanani abantu. Ukuthelekisa ezi mitha ngaphambi nasemva kwenyathelo lomanyano kunika ubungqina obucacileyo bempembelelo. Uhlolisiso lwabafundi nootitshala lungafumana ingxelo ecacileyo ngomgangatho weenkonzo zenkxaso.

Ukuba umanyano aluvelisi ziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, kungcono ukuyilungisa kwakhona kunokuyishiya ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokufundisa engancediyo ekunyuseni iingxelo zovavanyo isenokufuna ucwangciso olwahlukileyo, uhlomelo loqeqesho olwahlukileyo, okanye uqeqesho olungakumbi kubafundisi. Ukuphucula kwe-injini kugcina abahlobo besamkela iimfuno zokwenene.

Ukoyisa Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Kwanobudlelane obucwangciswe kakuhle obujongene neengxaki. Olunye ucelomngeni olusoloko lukho lululo olukhoyo, umanyano oluxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinkxaso yemali enikayo lungaphela xa isiphelo sinika. Ukudambisa oku, izikolo kufuneka zifake imithombo yazo yemali zifune amaqabane akulungeleyo ukwenza imibophelelo yeminyaka emininzi. Olunye ucelomngeni lulu ukwenziwa kwemali eninzi. ukunqamleza imibutho emininzi. Ukusebenzisa iqongathanga lamanani eliyahlukeneyo.]

ukulungelelana phakathi komanyano kukwanjalo nemicimbi. Ngamanye amaxesha amaqabane anamandla (umz., amaqumrhu amakhulu) ngokungazi alawula ukwenza izigqibo, ukuvala amalizwi abafundisi- ntsapho namalungu oluntu. Ukuphepha oku, izakhiwo zolawulo kufuneka ziquke abameli abasuka kuwo onke amaqela afaka ityala, kuquka abazali nabafundi.

Izinyathelo zokusebenza zomzekelo womanyano

Kulo lonke ilizwe, izithili namaqabane azo bavelise iindlela ezintsha ezinika isikhokelo esifanayo. Nangona kungekho mimandla imbini ifanayo, imigaqo engundoqo ihlala ingqinelana.

Iinkqubo zenkxaso ze-AP ezisekelwe kwiYunivesithi

Iiyunivesithi ezininzi ngoku ziqhuba izikolo ze-AP zabafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sasekuhlaleni. Ngokomzekelo, iYunivesithi yaseTexas kwiAustin’s AP Summer Institute inikela uhlomelo olungqongqo lwenkcazelo kwimixholo enjengeCalculus, iPysics, nesiNgesi Language. Abafundi bafunda ezikoleni okanye phantse, bafundiswa ngabafundisi-mfundo baseyunivesithi nangabafundisi-mfundo abanolwazi lweAP. Le mizekelo isebenza kakuhle ngokukodwa kubafundi abanezikolo eziphakamileyo ezingenayo iminikelo yeAP kwizifundo ezikhethekileyo.

Iikholeji zoluntu zikwangamaqabane emvelo. Zinganikela izifundo ezibini zokubhalisa ezisebenza njengeendawo okanye izongezo ze-AP. Ngenxa yokuba iikholeji zoluntu zidla ngokufumaneka ngokunexabiso eliphezulu yaye zinokufumaneka ngokwemo yelizwe kuneeyunivesithi ezineminyaka emine, zinokufikelela kubemi abaninzi kakhulu babafundi. Amanye amaphondo anezivumelwano ezicwangcisiweyo zokufaka uvavanyo lwe-AP eziqinisekisa ukuba iityala ze-AP zidluliswa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa koncedo.

I-ofisi yesebe kunye noshishino

Iinkampani ezifana ne-Apple, uGoogle, kunye neMicrosoft zinemfundo ejolise kwizixhobo ezinika uncedo ezixhasa iinkqubo zenzululwazi yekhompyutha. Imigaqo yekhompyutha yekhompyutha ikhomyutha inkxaso yoshishino, kuquka uqeqesho lomfundisi kunye neminikelo yezixhobo. Amashishini asekuhlaleni angafak' isandla ngeendlela ezincinci kodwa ezinentsingiselo: inkampani yomthetho ingaxhasa iqela lengxoxo elungiselela i-AP U.S. Urhulumente, okanye umenzi wenkampani angaxhasa i-athom phantsi kwe-labhu ye-physi.

Iinkqubo zobugcisa ezinxulumene nomsebenzi we-AP zinika imeko-bume yehlabathi kunye nentshukumisa. Umfundi osebenzisa i-AP Environmental Science, umzekelo, angadibanisa umbutho wolondolozo lwendalo wasekuhlaleni ngehlobo, asebenzise ulwazi lweklasi kwimisebenzi yemo yendalo. La mava aqinisa iinkqubo zekholeji kunye nobuchule bokulawula imibandela enzulu.

Imibutho Engenangeniso NeyobuGcisa

Iinkonzo zesizwe ezingangeniyo zisoloko zisebenza njengeemedia, ukudibanisa izikolo kunye nenkxaso-mali kunye nobuchule. Isikolo seOpportunity amaqabane esithili ajonga abafundi abanokuphumelela e-AP kodwa abangeyoyoyabhaliswa. Imodeli yabo iquka uqeqesho, inkxaso yabafundi, kunye nohlalutyo logcino-lwazi. Ngokufanayo, i- National Math kunye neScience iqhuba i-"Uqeqesho neNkqubo ye-Incentive" ekwandileyo inyuke ngokuphawulekayo ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye novavanyo kwimiqathango engaphantsi kwemidalibo.

Iziseko zemfundo yasekuhlaleni . njengezilawulwa zizikhongozelo zoluntu okanye ii-Rotary damne zifeza indima ebalulekileyo. Zisoloko zinzima kakhulu kunamaziko karhulumente kwaye ziyakwazi ukubonelela ngemali ekhawulezileyo ngeemfuno ezincinane, njengokuthenga ikhaltyulethi zodidi lweAP lwezibalo okanye ukuhlawula izithethi ezityeleleyo.

Inkxaso-mali kaRhulumente neSiseko

IRhulumente kunye nenkxaso-mali yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi ingakwazi ukusetyenziswa ukutsiba-qala i-AP. Umzekelo, Umthetho womfundi ngamnye wempumelelo (ESSA) uvumela imali yeSihloko ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zemfundo eziphambili. Amanye amaphondo ane-AP anika ulwandiso olukhethekileyo lwezi ndawo ekuthatheleni inxaxheba nokwenza phakathi kwengeniso ephantsi kunye nabafundi abambalwa.

Iziseko zabucala, ezinjenge Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation kunye Michael & Susan Dell Foundation[[FLT: 3], ifakelwe imali eninzi kuphando lonikezelo nenkqubo. Ezi zibonelelo zifuna uvavanyo olungqongqo, oluthi ngokulandelayo lukhuphe ugcino-lwazi olunokusetyenziswa ukucoca ucengo nokutsala inkxaso eyongezelelweyo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okuqalisa Umanyano Loluntu

Izikolo okanye izithili ezilungele ukwakha okanye ukwandisa unxulumano lwe-AP, le maphu ilandelayo isenokukhokela kwimigudu yokuqala.

  1. Ukuchaza uhlolo olufunekayo. Yazi ukuba ziziphi iizifundo ze-AP ezilahlekileyo okanye ezingaphantsi kwesithili sakho. Abafundi noentsapho abahlolayo baqonda imiqobo (ukungaqondi, ukungaqondi, ukucwangcisana kocwangciso).
  2. [[FLT: 0]] I-Map enokuba ngamaqabane. Khangela iiyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni, amashishini, iingeniso, kunye namasebe karhulumente asenemfundo ephezulu kwiinkqubo zokufikelela. Jonga kwiofisi yonxulumano lwengingqi yakho yolwalamano olukhoyo.
  3. Qala ngomqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Qalisa inyathelo elincinci, eliqwalaselweyo (umzekelo, i-AP prep corever yento enye okanye inkqubo yokufundisa kwisikolo esinye. Iinqwelo-moya zikuvumela ukuba uvavanye ii-logics kwaye wakhe irekhodi yempumelelo phambi kokulinganisa.
  4. [[UMTL:0] yenza isivumelwano esisemthethweni. Idrafti ye-memorandum yokuqonda (MOU) echaza izibophelelo zeqabane ngalinye, kuquka inkxaso-mali, abasebenzi, kunye nexesha. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho inkqubo yokucombulula ingxabano.
  5. Ukudityaniswa nokunyaniseka. Yabela umlungelelanisi ozahluleleyo ukuba ajonge imisebenzi yemini yonke. Qeqesha bonke ababandakanyekileyo, kuquka amatsha - ntliziyo kunye nabafundisi.
  6. [[FLT: 0] iziphumo ezibaluliweyo kunye nokwabelana ngeziphumo. qokelela ugcino-lwazi ngokubhalisa, iingxelo zovavanyo, nolwaneliseko lwabafundi. Yabelanani ngeziphumo namaqabane kunye nabemi ababanzi bokwakha uqhubeko.
  7. [[UMTL: 0] Icala kunye nokwandisa. Ukuqonda iminikelo yeqabane ekuhleni. Sebenzisa uphumelele kwangethuba ukutsala amaqabane amatsha kunye nenkxaso-mali eqhubekayo.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko yokufunda kunye ekholijini

Ukufikelela kwizifundo ezihambele phambili zeNkcubeko asingomsebenzi izikolo ezinokuwuphumeza ukuze zizehlula. Umanyano loluntu lunika ubuncwane, ubuchule, nenkxaso efunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe ubugqwetha bembali. Xa imibutho yasekuhlaleni (iiinkonzo, amashishini, iiprojekthi, ii-asmenti, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente axhasa usukelo lokufikelela kwi-AP, bavelisa ithuba eliphakanyiswayo kulo lonke uluntu.

Imivuzo inzulu. Abafundi abasenokuba abazange bacinge ukuba banokufumana ikholeji ephambili kumsebenzi wemigangatho yasekholeji. Abafundisi bafumana amathuba amatsha okukhula koochwepheshe nokuzingca ngokuphangaleleyo komsebenzi. Iintsapho zibona iziphumo eziphucukileyo zemfundo, amanani aphezulu ekholeji, kunye nabasebenzi abanamandla abakwixesha elizayo. Ngokufaka imali kumaqabane oluntu okufumana i-AP, sinikela kweyona njini enamandla yokuhamba koluntu: imfundo.

Ukufunda okungakumbi ngempembelelo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwe-AP kunye neendlela zokuququzelela, tyelela ibhodi ye-AP yogcino-lwazi lwekholeji ye-AP inxuwa lezibalo zobuzwe. Uphando lokuvala isithuba sonikezelo lwe-AP, uphando olufunyenweyo kwi[ EdPaysley Ehambele phambili indawo yokugcina yeqonga []. Ekugqibeleni, bona indlela i- kazwelonke] iMath kunye nenzululwazi yesizwe ilinganiswe ngayo impumelelo ye-AP phantsi kwemidalithi ezisebenzayo.