Imbali Yolwimi Nezinto Ezithethwayo

Ukuhluthwa kwamabhinqa kwinkqubo yokukhetha kwakuyinxalenye ebalaseleyo yenkqubo yezobupolitika kangangeenkulungwane. Amalungelo okudlulisela iminikelo yerhafu nenkonzo yasemkhosini ayenxulumene nokuba nempahla, irhafu nemicimbi yasemkhosini — zonke iindawo apho amabhinqa ayengavunyelwanga ukuba alwe ngazo. Umzabalazo wokufuna ukubhaxa wawungesosiganeko sinye kodwa ngumbutho wehlabathi lonke owathi ngokungafaniyo wanwenwela kuzo zonke iintlanga, izithethe, nezithethe ezingokwasemthethweni.

[[NTLT:0] Indibano yeSenika yeeFalls yo1848 yaseNew York iqashelwa ngokubanzi njengokunduluka okusesikweni kombutho wamabhinqa eUnited States. Ixokelelwa nguElizabeth Cady Stanton noLucretia Mott, indibano yavelisa ulwandiso lwe-Sentiaments[, oluthi ngokucacileyo lubize lubize kuvote amabhinqa. Esi siganeko sidibaniswe amashumi eminyaka esenzo, kuquka nohambo, ukungathobeki, kunye nemingeni esemthethweni eyathi ekugqibeleni yaqukugqibelela ekukhutshweni kwe-'i-'i-'FLT [FLD [FFT] ku-192018] ukurhoxiwa kwe-Melikan-American, ukunika amabhinqa amanani amanani amanani amanani amanani aphezulu.[Fomatika, i-5]

Ngezizwe ngezizwe, ixesha lokwahluka ngokuphawulekayo. [[FLT: 0] iNew Zealand yaba lizwe lokuqala elizihambelayo ukunika amabhinqa ivoti ngo1893, lilandelwa yiAustralia ngo-1902 (nangona amabhinqa ahlala engekho kwicala lamashumi eminyaka). Amabhinqa Fitland [[FLT:]] Fit] Amalungelo apheleleyo ezobupolitika ngo-1906, engowokuqala eYurophu ukuvota nokumela isikhundla. Ngokwahlukileyo, amabhinqa ku [[FLT: 4.] [FLT] [5] akuzange afumaneke i-sput , kwaye [FLT] .[FLT][4][5][FLT] .[FFLT][4]

Imibutho ye-application yadibana neminye imizabalazo yokulingana. E-United States, amabhinqa amnyama ajamelana nocalucalulo olubini — ekhutshwe kwimibutho emininzi emhlophe exhotyiswe ngemiqathango kwaye, nasemva koMphetho-mva kwele-19, ngokufuthi ayathintelwa ekuvoteleni ngerhafu yokuvota, iimvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala, kunye nogonyamelo. Umthetho wamalungelo oMnyama ka-196 [FLT] wawuyimfuneko ukukhulula le miqobo, nangona ukuvota oku kuqhubeka nokuchaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa namagama namhlanje.

Lifa elingokwembali lala matyala liyaqhubeka liphembelela iindlela zokuvota zale mihla. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amazwe anembali ende yamabhinqa adla ngokuthambeka ngokuba nezithuba ezincinci kwiintsebenziswano zezobufanasini kunye nomelo. I-Inter-Parliamentary Union [ ilandela ezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo emhlabeni wonke, inika ulwazi ngendlela ezithe zangqinelana ngayo iinkcubeko kunye nezilinganiselo zangoku zobufana ne-palamente. Ukuqonda oku kubalulekile ekuhlalutyeni ukuziphatha kwale mihla.

Imida Yesihluli-Mgaqo kwiMifuziselo

Kulawulo-lawulo-lawulo lwanamhlanje, ubufanasini buyenye yezona zinto zithenjiswayo ngokungaguqukiyo ngehambo yokuvota, nangona impembelelo yayo iye yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwisiqingatha senkulungwane edluleyo. Apho amabhinqa aye atyekele kwizithethe eziqhelekileyo — ngokufuthi ukuvota ngokuvumelana namadoda okanye ooyise — ukwenziwa komthetho obalulekileyo kuye kwenzeka, ingakumbi kwidemokhrasi yaseNtshona.

Uphando olusuka ku Iziko lophando oluncinci kunye neStudies yeSizwe soNqumo yamaxwebhu athe athe gqolo ubufana kwinani lomntu obonwayo kunye nombutho. Amabhinqa aqheleke kakhulu ukufanisa nombindi-sekhohlo okanye amaqela aqhubekekayo, ngelixesha amadoda exhomekeke kakhulu kumaqela athe tyekele ekunene okanye athe tyeleleni. Oku kunyuswa kwanda ukususela ngoo1980 kwaye akukho mqondiso wokunciphisana.

Umba ophambili wokwahlula oku ngokucacileyo. Amabhinqa asoloko ekwazi ukufikelela [[FLT: 0], inkxaso-mali yezemfundo, [ iinkqubo zentlalo-ntle yoluntu[[[[FLT:], kunye [[FLT:] ne[FLT] [[FLT]] amalungelo [[FLT:]] [12]] njengezinto eziphambili ezibalulekayo. [FT], ngokwe-avarevertial [[FLT:]] ukukhula kobugrafikishophu [[5] [[9]], [[FLT]], [FLT] [FFFFFFF] kuphela], amava aphezulu , [FFFFF]], [12] [12] kunye noncedo lwezentersti yezoqoqosho oluphezulu, amavalkT] [icity] [iam] [iagenti, kwaye abonisa iimeko zobuhlwelkst ,

Amaqonga eqela aphendule kwezi zigaba. EUnited States, iDemocratic Party iye yagxininisa ngakumbi iinkqubo zokuxhasa intsapho ezihlawulwayo, ukuhlawula abantwana, kunye nokuzilawula, ngelixa iRiphabliki ithumela imiyalezo ijolise ekupheliseni kwezoqoqosho kunye neSibini soKhuselo. Iindlela ezifanayo zivela kwinkxaso emandla e[[[FLT]] yeUnited Kingdom , apho iLabources ithelekisa amabhinqa amaninzi, kunye ne-[FLT:] i-[FLT] Converativection Par [[[FLT]] i-FLT] i-FTT] i-ectivesss joctive jourgnation trans transf transftiveltive transf transf transftivelkert transftical transftical.

Umahluko wesini unxulumene nezinye izinto ezikhoyo. umgangatho womtshato ungumququzeleli onamandla: amabhinqa atshatileyo aqheleke kakhulu ukuvota amanani angaguqukiyo kunamabhinqa angatshatanga, ngelixesha amadoda atshatileyo eqikelele kakhulu kunamadoda angatshatanga. umgangatho wobungcali [ udlala indima ethile — amabhinqa anamaqondo asekholeji aqheleke kakhulu ukuvota abathathi abaqhubekeki, ngelixa ulwanobufana phakathi kwamavoti abangenalwazi olusemthethweni.

Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukwenziwa ngaphaya komlinganiselo. Asingawo onke amabhinqa avota ngendlela efanayo, kwaye isini sinye kuphela esibonisa ukuba siqonda ukhetho lokhetho. Kodwa ukumanyana nobukhulu bomsantsa wesini kwiinkqubo zobupolitika ezahlukeneyo ziyenza ibe yenye yezona zinto zifunyenwe ngamandla kwinzululwazi yezobupolitika.

Umjikelezo wesikhuseli kunye nohlobo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwisantya

IVoterpout ityhila omnye umlinganiso wokwahluka kwesondo lomntu. Kumazwe amaninzi, kuye kwenzeka utshintsho olungokwembali: ngoku amabhinqa avote ngexabiso eliphezulu kunamadoda, utyekelo olwalunokubonakala lungenakwenzeka kwinkulungwane edluleyo xa amabhinqa ayeqala ukuvota.

Ugcino-lwazi olusuka ku U.S. Censure Bureau Creasure yoNyaka yabemi lubonisa ukuba kunyulo lomongameli wama-2020, 6.1% yamabhinqa afanelekileyo avote uthelekiso [[[FLT:]6].5% yamadoda afanelekileyo [iinani elimalunga nencophozi] — umsantsa wamanqaku aphantse naneyo angamashumi amane anesithandathu. Oku kuyaqhubeka kuphawula umzekelo ukususela ngo198080, xa amabhinqa athelekisa amaqondo athengwa amadoda. Isifana sijika kakhulu phakathi kwabancinane abavoti-30 abasebenzi: angaphantsi kwenani lamavoti amalunga nama-8-10% eebhunu amadoda.

Le migaqo ibambelele kwezinye iidemokhrasi ezininzi. Canada kunye Franc kunye ne-Gremani, amabhinqa asoloko ephuma kwinani elilinganayo okanye eliphezulu kunamadoda, ngokwe i-ITY] e-ISCT iziseko ze-voti. Iinxaxsko zidla ngokuba kumazwe apho imiqobo yoluntu okanye yomthetho ihlala ikhona — ingakumbi kwiindawo zoMbindilo nomzantsi Asia, apho abafazi behamba kunye nofikela kwizikhululo ezisezantsi zihlala zithintelwe.

Iingcebiso zokubhadula okuphezulu kwamabhinqa ziquka:

  • Utyalo-mali olukhulu kwii-intanethi zoluntu — amabhinqa adla ngokuxoxa ngonyulo kunye nentsapho nabahlobo kunye nokuzilungiselela yimibutho yasekuhlaleni.
  • Imfundo ephezulu kakhulu [ — ngoku amabhinqa afumana uninzi lweqondo lekholeji kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye imfundo ingumqondiso onamandla wokuvota.
  • Izibonda ezithenjiweyo — amabhinqa asenokuvakalelwa kukuba unyulo luchaphazela imicimbi ayazikhathalelayo, njengempilo, ukunyamekela abantwana, namalungelo okuzala, nto leyo ebangela intshukumisa eyomeleleyo yokuvota.
  • Inxaxheba kwingeniso yengeniso — amabhinqa amakhulu avota ngexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu, kwaye amabhinqa aphila ixesha elide ngokomlinganiselo, efak ’ isandla kwiqela eliphezulu lamabhinqa kwiqela lakudala.

Noko ke, ukujika kukodwa akuwuthathi umfanekiso opheleleyo. Imigudu yokucinezela i-Voter ichaphazela ngokugqithisileyo amabhinqa anombala, amabhinqa angenayo, kunye nevoti yetrangender. Imithetho ye-ID, icuthwe kusekuseni kovotelo, kwaye indawo yokuvota yenza imiqobo ebangela ukucinezeleka phakathi kwamaqela akwimida esezantsi. Ukunqamlezana kwe-ndidi kunye nohlanga kuthetha ukuba amanani okujikayo okubalulekileyo kugquma imibala ekwindawo yovota yamabhinqa.

Izinto Ezibangela Umahluko Okhoyo Kwisimilo Somntu Onesinye Isizwe

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziye zabona abaqhubi abaphambili abaliqela abancedayo ukucacisa isizathu sokuba amabhinqa namadoda akhethe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha.

Ukuhlalisana kwabantu kunye nendima yesizwe

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, abantu basetyenziswa njengelungu lomntu ngamnye kwindima elawula imbonakalo yomhlaba nezinto eziza kuqala kwezobupolitika. ingcamango yendima ephambili icebisa ukuba amabhinqa ajoliswe kwimigangatho yoluntu — ukunyamekela, intsebenziswano, kunye nembopheleleko yoluntu — ngoxa amadoda ejongene nemilinganiselo yobundlobongela — ukhuphiswano, ukuzimela, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo. Le ndlela yokubonisa imephu ijonge kwimithetho eqwalaselwe kwibhokisi yebhola.

Ukugxininiswa okukhulu kwemiba ye- — unyango, unciphiso lobuhlwempu, imfundo — kubonisa oku kujolisa kumsebenzi wezezoqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko kunye nendima ezilindelekileyo njengabanikezeli nabakhuseli. Ezi ndlela azimiselwanga jikelele okanye ngokwemichiza yempilo, kodwa zixhaswa ngamajelo eendaba, amalungu entsapho, kunye nempembelelo yoontanga ebomini.

Imfundo Nemeko Yezoqoqosho

Icala lokufundisa isini esiphezulu litshintshile kumazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili, namabhinqa agqithileyo ngoku kwinani lokubhalisa nokuphumeza izidanga zasekholejini. Imfundo ephezulu idibana nezimo zengqondo zezobupolitika eziqhubela phambili, ingakumbi kwimicimbi yezentlalo. Olu tshintsho lunceda ukucacisa isizathu sokuba amabhinqa amatsha elona candelo lokuvota elithe tyelele phambili kwidemokhrasi ezininzi.

Iimeko zezoqoqosho zikwangumba. Amabhinqa ahlala ejongene nokusebenza kwimisebenzi yecandelo likawonke-wonke (imfundo, ukunyamekela impilo, iinkonzo zentlalo) ezixhomekeke kwinkxaso yemali karhulumente, eziwenza axhase irhafu ephezulu kunye nenkcitho kawonke-wonke. Amabhinqa akwajongene nethuba elizingisileyo umsantsa [, amaxabiso aphezulu omsebenzi wexesha elithile, kunye nobukhulu obungalinganiyo bobungalinganiyo bobunyani , konke okuthi kwandise ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko zoluntu kwaye ngaloo ndlela alungise ukhetho lwawo.

Iziphumo zokongamela

Ubukho bomvotelwa wamabhinqa bunesiphumo esingenakuthelekelelwa kwivoti kwaye ijikwe phakathi kwamabhinqa. Uphando olusuka ku Joonal of Politics kunye nezinye imithombo yoontanga zibonisa ukuba amabhinqa asengozini yokuvota nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiphulo xa amantombazana evela kwibhola. isiphumo semodeli [ sinamandla ngokukodwa kumabhinqa aselula namabhinqa anombala, abona abonisa i-parts afont.

Izahlulo ezithi [[NTL:0] zithanda ukwenza ngcono kumabhinqa amaninzi abavoti bamantombazana jikelele, nangona ulwalamano luntsonkothile. Amabhinqa akwilizwe elithile anika ingxelo yokuziva engameleki kakhulu ngamabhinqa afuna ukuhambela phambili, acebisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwengqiqo luselungaphaya kophawu lwamabhinqa amaninzi abavoti. Kodwa ke, utyekelo olubanzi lucacile: ukwandisa ukwahlukahlukana kwabavoteli kukwandisa ukubhalisa nokuguqula kwemiboniso.

Uguquko lwesizukulwana

Mhlawumbi akukho nto ibalulekileyo kune ingunobangela ongaphezulu . Amabhinqa amadala, ingakumbi lawo ayeneminyaka engaphambili ngaphambi konyaka ka 1970, adla ngokuvota ngokungqongqo ngakumbi kwaye abonise ukudibana okungeyomfuneko kwibhokisi yebhola. Izizukulwana ezincinane — iminyaka eliwaka ne Gen Z — zibonisa imisantsa ebanzi yendoda neyokwenkwenkwenkwenkwe, namabhinqa aselula aqhubekeka kakhulu kwaye aqheke kakhulu ahlukene okanye abambelele kakhulu.

Ugcino-lwazi olusuka ku Ufundo lokhetho kunye [ii-Gallup] ukukhangela lubonisa ukuba isithuba sesini sesini phakathi kwabavoti ngaphantsi ko-30 sikhule ukuya kwiqondo lama-20-25 kwimijikelo yonyulo. Olu lwahlulo lucebisa ukuba ubufana nomntu nemilinganiselo yokuvota iza kuqhubekeka ukuguquka njengeeqela elincinane liba isabelo esikhulu sokhetho.

Indima Yemibhiyozo Nemibutho Yezobupolitika

Amaqela ezobupolitika awabonisi nje ukuba kukho iingxube - ngxube zesini — ayazibumba ngokucokisekileyo xa kukhethwa abantu abaza kufikelela eqongeni, xa kujongwa abantu abaza kungena eqongeni, naxa kujongwa abaza kufikelela. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe kwangaphambili imiphumo yokuchola.

Iinguqu zeQela kunye neNkcubeko ePhambili

Iintsuku ziye zafunda ukulungelelanisa amaqonga azo ukubhenela kwimiqathango eyahlukeneyo. amaqela aqhubekekayo agxininisa iinkqubo ezihambisana nezona ziphambili ezithi zichazwe ngamabhinqa: ikhefu lentsapho elihlawulwayo, unyango lwendalo, ukunyanyekelwa kwemali yomntwana, inkcitho, ukuzilawula, kunye nokhuseleko lwe-anti-demin-colism. Amaqela e-Censervatity [[[[FTLT:3]] agxininisa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, amaxabiso erhafuthelo, asezantsi, amaxabiso entsapho (ngokunjalo anemisebenzi yobufana), kunye nokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Ukusebenza kwezi zibongozo kuxhomekeke ekuthembekeni nasekumanyaneni. Izabelo zezabelo kwimiba yamabhinqa kodwa aziphumeleli ukunikela iingxelo ezikhoyo eofisini. Idili elinengxelo ye ibeka amabhinqa kwizikhundla zokhokelo [ kunye [[FLT:] ne[FLT] imigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlobo bentsapho [[ ivelisa ukuthemba okude ngekota. Ngokuchasene noko, amaqela abonwa njengobutshaba bokulingana ngokomzekelo, abo bachasa umthetho okanye amalungelo okuzala — bajongene neendleko ezilinganayo zokhetho ezinyukayo njengoko umvotisi efumana iindleko zobudlelane neemali ezithelekelelo ezithe kranti.

Ukukhuthuzwa kwephulo kunye nokuthuthwa

Iindlela zokucwangcisa ezithe zanda ukuchaza ukwahluka kwendlela abavoti abalusebenzisa ngayo ulwazi kwaye benze ngayo izigqibo. Amabhinqa anokunyanzelwa kakhulu peer-peyintier-ku-okanye-ipeyinti. , ukuya-indlu-yangasese [, kunye [[FLT:] izibhengezo zezentengiso zezezezecuba-mathematika [[FLT],[FLT], kunye [FFFFF:9]] no-'FFFFUT] oluthenjiweyo. [FFFFOLT]

Amaphulo amanani avele ngokukhawuleza. Uhlalutyo olusuka kwi Iziko leJaji lubonisa ukuba izibhengezo ezifakelwe ngokwesini kumaqonga afana noFacebook kunye ne-Instagram zinokuba nempumelelo ephezulu ekunyukeni kwemijikelo ethile yamanani. Noko ke, ezi ndlela ziphakamisa inkxalabo malunga ne-[[[FLT:] imicrose echaphazelekayo yenkohliso[ kunye kunye [FLT] ipesentimalitity , ingakumbi xa ubufana nobuntu obuthile busetyenziswayo ukuze bucinezele ukucinezeleka phakathi kwamaqela abachasi.

Ukukhetha Iqela Elihlukahlukeneyo

Ukukhethwa kwabavoti kuthumela imiqondiso enamandla kubavoti. Idili libonisa ukuba ibhala iitaleti ezahlukeneyo [ — kuquka amabhinqa, abantu bemibala, ne LGBTQ + abafuna ukunyuswa — zinomtsalane ngakumbi kubavoti abamisela intelekelelo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kumabhinqa aselula namabhinqa anemibala, asoloko enikela ingxelo yokuthemba okuphezulu kumaqela abonakalisa iinguqu zokhetho.

Ngokwahlukileyo, amaqela aseleyo [[FLT: 0] amadoda athe athe ngqo kumaqula awo abeka engozini yokuphambuka kwamabhinqa okuvota. Ugcino-lwazi oluvela kuMabhinqa baseMerika kunye nePolitiki lubonisa ukuba amabhinqa asengozini yokuvota xa abona abavumi abaza ukwabelana ngemvelaphi namava, ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kweenkqubo zemibhobho ezifunxa neziqeqesha amabhinqa ukuba asebenzele eofisini.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kulo Umfazi Nokhokelo Lwezobupolitika

Imizekelo engqalileyo yeenkokeli zezobupolitika zamabhinqa inikela ingqiqo ebalulekileyo ngendlela impembelelo yesimilo sesini neziphumo zokulawula. Olu hlolisiso lubonisa inkqubela eyenziwayo kunye nocelomngeni oluseleyo.

Angela Merkel Isandla se-Steady saseJamani

UAngela Merkel weminyaka eli-16 njengeCancellar yaseJamani unika umzekelo onyanzelisayo wenkokeli ebhinqa eyalungisa kwakhona isibheno sonyulo lweqela layo. Ukhokelo lukaMerkel lobuChristian Democratic Union (CDU) ukunciphisa umfanekiso weqela, isenza libe nobuhlobo ngakumbi kumabhinqa avotileyo ngoxa egcina imithetho yecawa. Phantsi koMerkel, inkxaso yeCDU phakathi kwamabhinqa yahlala iqinile, ukuphumelela okuphawulekayo okunikwe umfanekiso wesithethe seqela.

Ukhokelo lukaMerkel — i-Pragmatic, ulumko, kunye nogcino-lwazi — luchasa ujongo lwezobufanasini ngaphandle kokujamelana nazo ngokucacileyo. Ukubalulekela kwakhe njengomzekelo wendima kuxhaswa luphando olubonisa ukuba umanyano lwamabhinqa aseJamani lwezopolitiko lwanda ngexesha lokusebenza kwakhe, ingakumbi phakathi kwamabhinqa aselula awayejonga inkokeli yamantombazana njengeqhelekileyo kunokuba ifane.

Kamara Harris: Ukwaphula Iengxaki Ezininzi

Unyulo lweKamara Harris njengomongameli wokuqala wamabhinqa eUnited States — kunye nebhinqa lokuqala elimnyama kunye nelokuqala ibhinqa laseMzantsi Asia ukuba libambe iofisi — lwaba nempembelelo engenakulinganiswa kwisivumelwano sovoti. Uhlalutyo lweZiko lophando lwePewuthi [[[FLT:] lwafumanisa ukuba ivoti yamabhinqa antsundu ngo-2020 yayiphakathi kweyona iphezulu kweqela lengingqi, iqhutywa ngokwenxenye yihlombe lobuGawulayo bukaRris.

Harris abukho kwithikithi uqokelela kungekuphela nje amabhinqa amnyama kodwa kwanamabhinqa amatsha anqamleza amaqela ohlanga. Inxuwa lolwazi nophando lweCBICOL Learning kunye ne-CIRLEment (CIRCLEment) kwi Tufts University iingxelo zokuba ulutsha lwama-2020 lwaluphezulu phakathi kwamabhinqa aselula, kunye no Harris wacatshulwa njengeqhosha lomchazi kuhlolo lwasemva kohlolo. Lo mzekelo ubonakalisa indlela [ ebonakalisa ngayo umelo lwecandeligist [ lungaqinisa umelo oluninzi lwezimo.

Jacinda Ardern: Ingxaki yobunkokeli kunye neGender

Owayesakuba nguNgqongqoshe weNkulumbuso waseNew Zealand uJacinda Ardern unika imeko eyahlukileyo. Ukhokelo lwakhe ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, ukudubula kweSulumane, nogqabhuko-mlilo lwaseWhite Island lwadunyiswa ngokubanzi ngovelwano, ukugqibelela, nokubonakala. Ireyithi ye-Artern yayisoloko iphezulu kumabhinqa kunamadoda, ibonakalisa izithuba ezibanzi zobudoda kwindlela ezilinganiswa ngayo iimpawu zokhokelo.

Uphando olupapashwa ku Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga lufumanise ukuba iinkokeli zamabhinqa zisoloko zigcinwa kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngexesha leengxaki — zisenokunconywa ngemfesane kodwa zigxekwe ngobuthathaka obubonakalayo. U-Arter wakwazi ukumelana nale ntambo iphindwe kabini, kodwa amava akhe abalaselisa imingeni eqhubekayo amabhinqa ajongene nayo kwimisebenzi yokhokelo nendlela ezimcamango ezihlahlela ngayo kwihambo yokuvota.

Imilinganiselo Yesizukulwana Neyokudibana

Ukuhamba kweminyaka, uhlanga, udidi, isini neendawo ezidibeneyo kubangela ukuziphatha okuziincamisa ezingafaniyo phakathi kwemini yamabhinqa.

Iminyaka: IGulf Ekhulayo Yesizukulwana

Umsantsa wesini phakathi kwabavoti abadala (65+) mncinane kakhulu — usoloko usiba 5-10 iincopho. Phakathi kwabo bavoti abangaphantsi kwe 30, umsantsa uye wakhula ukuya kwiingongoma ezingama-20-30 kwezinye izinyuko. Olu nyuko lwesizukulwana sibonisa kungekuphela nje amava obomi ahlukeneyo kodwa kwakhona lutshintsha [ ukwenziwa kwezobupolitika : amabhinqa amatsha akhule enemilinganiselo elungeleleneyo yobufana obulinganayo, lo gama amadoda amatsha echaziwe kwimiyalezo ye-intanethi.

Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwi [[FLT: 0] Ufundo lokhetho lweBritish lubonisa ukuba unxulumano lobudala lunamandla kakhulu eUnited Kingdom, apho inkxaso yeQela lamaNgeniso phakathi kwamadoda iye yancipha kancinci kunaphakathi kwamabhinqa aselula. Imo yendlela efanayo ivela eKhanada, e-Australia, kwaye inqumla iNtshona Yurophu, icebisa ukuguquka kwesakhiwo kwezobupolitika zonyuselo.

Uhlanga Nobuhlanga

Uhlanga lumisa indlela esisiseko yokuphembelela ubufanasini ekuvoteleni. EUnited States, [[FLT:] amabhinqa amnyama ngawona athembekileyo amaqela e-Democraticvoratic, nangaphezulu kwama-90% axhasayo amaDemocratic comfication kunyuko lwakutshanje. i-Latina covota[ imele ngamandla i Democratic , nangona imida incincane. [[FLT:] Amabhinqa amhlophe] [[FLT]] Amabhinqa amhlophe , ngokuphikisana, ahlukene ngokusondeleyo — uvolote uDonald Trump ngo-2016 no202020, nangona kukho umsantsa phakathi kolungu (omhlophe baxhasa iRiphabliki eziphezulu kunamadoda).

Ezi ntlobo zahlukane zibonakalisa imbali nenkqubo ephambili. Amabhinqa amnyama akhankanya utshintsho lobulungisa bezaphuli-mthetho, unikezelo lonyango, kunye nokulingana kwezoqoqosho njengemiba ephambili. Izinto eziphambili kumabhinqa amhlophe zahlukane kakhulu, ezinolwahlulo olubalulekileyo ngemfundo kunye nenkolo. Amabhinqa ase-Asian aseMelika [ amele amandla akhulayo okhetho, axhomekeke kwidemokhrasi kodwa abonisa ukwahlukahlukana kwangaphakathi okusekelwe kwimvelaphi nesizukulwana sohlanga.

Udidi nemfundo

Imfundo inamandla okubala umsantsa wesini. Amabhinqa ane [FLT: 0] amaqondo aqhelekileyo kakhulu ukuvota abaqhubi kumabhinqa angengowomthetho. Phakathi kwamadoda, umgama wemfundo mncinci kodwa usenentsingiselo — angengomadoda angowona adla ngokudla ngoluvota.

Udidi lwezoqoqosho lukwadlala indima. Umanyano lwamalungu lunciphisa umsantsa wesini, ingakumbi phakathi kodidi lwabavoti abasebenzayo, njengamabhinqa kunye namadoda athanda ukuxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba bemisebenzi. umgangatho wengeniso uchaphazela iipateni zokuvota ngokwahlukileyo ngokobufana: amabhinqa afumana ahlala ehamba phambili kunamadoda afumana ingeniso ephezulu, nto leyo ecebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwebutho labantu abancubekileyo kuqhubekeke kwana nabatyebileyo.

Ubalo lonyulo nomgaqo-nkqubo oqhubela phambili

Ukuguquka kwendlela yokuba neentlobano zesini nezokuvota kunegalelo elinzulu ekusebenziseni ubuchule bezobupolitika, ekulawuleni nasekumelweni kwedemokhrasi.

Ubuchule bokwenza izinto kunye nomyalezo

Amaqela angaphumeleliyo ukuchaza ukwahluka kwesini enjenjalo kwiingozi zawo. Umgama okhulayo wesini phakathi kwabavoti abaselula uthetha ukuba amaqela angayinanzi imiba yamabhinqa asengozini yokuphulukana nesizukulwana sonke sabavoti. Data-driven ijoliswe kwi[[[FLT: 1] izakuba luntsonkothile, kodwa kufuneka aphephe ukukhuthaza ukujongwa okanye ukwahlula imigca ekhetha ubufana phakathi kwendoda neyonke indlela ezitshonisa iqondo lobushushu.

Imigudu yokufumana i-out-volution kufuneka icombulule imiqobo ecacileyo yobufana-bufana, ingakumbi kumabhinqa angenayo imibala, namabhinqa aphantsi, kunye nevoti yokuvota ejongene nemiqobo ephakamileyo ukuze abe nenxaxheba. Uvotelo lwangaphambili, iposi-inbaloti, kunye nendawo yokuvota ezifikelelekayo ezinceda amabhinqa, asoloko efumana umsebenzi ophambili kunye noxanduva olubangela ukuba ukuvota kube nzima.

Uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nomelo

Njengoko impembelelo yabafazi ikhula, ucwangciso lwenkqubo luyatshintsha. Amazwe anoomelo oluphezulu kumaziko owiso-mthetho afuna ukwamkela imigaqo-nkqubo yentsapho ephanayo, iinkqubo zonyango ezomeleleyo, kunye notyalo-mali oluninzi kwimfundo. I-World Economic Forum's Global Gender Ballege [[FLT:]] ilandela ezi ziphumo ze-cordations zweni lonke, ibonisa ukuba amandla ezobupolitika amabhinqa anxulumene neziphumo ezibanzi zentlalo.

Noko ke, umelo lulodwa alwanele. Abafazi abamisela imithetho yomthetho kwiimeko zezobupolitika bazisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukunyusa inani lamabhinqa angathambanga mbombo eofisini kungavelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo kunezo zithandwa ngamabhinqa ahambela phambili. Umelo olubhaliweyo [ (ukuba neenkokeli ezikhangeleka njengeevotate) kufuneka zidityaniswe nomelo oluhlala luhleli umelo olunemiqathango oluthiyo [apolitiss ezifunekayo kwidilesi zomvoti] ukutshintsha.

Uphando oluqhubekayo nogcino-lwazi

Ukuqonda ubuni kunye novota kufuna utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphando oluqhubekayo , uhlalutyo lwefayile ye-, kunye nohlolo oluthatha amava aphilayo evolution. uHlungiso lwezwe lwe-Equotments, [[FLT:]] kunye no-[FLT]] oluququlukileyo lwendlela ye-Elcts[FLT] [FLT] , kunye nonyulo lwezizwe lunika ulwazi olungundoqo, kodwa luhlala ngakumbi kwiminye imidangatho engabonakaliyo.

Abaphandi bahlola indlela ekwindawo epholayo , imisformation macandelo, kunye nento ejoliswe kuyo [[FLT:] i-algothmitic jolise [ sebenzisanayo kunye nesini ukuze imo sokwenza iprojekthi. Njengoko uqhagamshelwano lwamanani lwandisa kwaye nezithethe zisenza umahluko, umsantsa wesi ungakhula, kufuna iindlela ezihambelanayo zombini amaqela ezobupolitika kunye nezobudemokhrasi.

Ikamva lezobupolitika ezikhethiweyo liya kuphenjelelwa kukudlala ngesondo lobufanasini nohlanga, isizukulwana, kunye nodidi. Abantu abaziva bemelwe kwaye benikwe amandla basenokuba nenxaxheba, bamele inkxaso yeenjongo zabo, kwaye bagcine iinkokeli zabo zinetyala. Ukwakha idemokhrasi epheleleyo ngokwenene kufuna ukuba siqonde — sisabele — imizekelo entsonkothileyo yobufana nakwabanye abantu kunye novota okuchaza ixesha lethu.