Ukuqala: Asikokutya Nje

Izidlo zetheko zelizwe kunye nezidlo eziqhelekileyo eziququzelelwa ziintsapho zasebukhosini ziphakathi kweziganeko ezicaciswe ngenyameko kwihlabathi langoku. Kungenjalo ukuba ngamathuba nje okutya okucola, ezi zihlandlo zisebenza njengezixhobo ezinamandla zonxibelelwano, iimyuziyam eziphilayo zelifa lesizwe, kunye nemiqondiso enamandla yokuqhubeka. Xa intsapho yobukumkani baseBritani, umzekelo, yamkela intloko yombuso etyeleleyo eBuckingham Palace okanye iWindsor Castle, le siganeko sisebenza ngobuchule apho zonke iinkcukacha — ukusuka kwi glint yeglare ukuya kubume besonpu — isenza intsingiselo. Ukuqonda irentengo yesizwe kukuqonda indaleko yolawulo lwamamonalm, ukusuka kwimiboniso yobutyebi banamhlanje ukuya kwimiboniso ethambileyo.

Imvelaphi Yeebhanki Zobukumkani

Imisitho Yamandulo: Ukulawula Iplatifomu

Isithethe sokutya okuzukileyo kokumkanikazi singalandelelwa emva kwixesha lamaxesha aphakathi, xa ookumkani nookumkanikazi babesebenzisa amatheko aphezulu ukuvelisa igunya kunye nokwenza amaqhina okunyaniseka. Kwiiholo ezinkulu zeenqaba, amacwecwe amade abhityileyo agxabhiswa phantsi kobunzima be-sun, i-boaar, kunye neepayipi ezihonjisiweyo. Ezi ziganeko zazingezozinto ezifihlakeleyo kodwa zaziyimiboniso kawonke-wonke enzelwe ukuthoba. Ukumkani wayehlala kwidais, ngokufuthi ebekwe kwigumbi elinetyuwa phambi kwakhe ukuze abonise isikhundla sakhe — ngaphezulu kwetyuwa" ekubeni eyona nto inqwenelekayo. Ukutya ngokwako yayiyiyo yayiyimbonakalo yobutyebi: izinongo zaseMpuma, iimpahla zeswekile ezibizwa ngokuba zibukhali, kunye nenkoliso enkulu yenyama efihlakeleyo, ebonakala njengeembathanga.

Kanti la matheko akwafeza injongo yonxibelelwano. Umbindi otyeleleyo ohloniphekileyo okanye onozakuzaku wayehleli ngokwesikhundla, kwaye ubunjani bokutya nokuzonwabisa kwabonisa ixabiso elibekwe kolo lwalamano. IPheasant edumileyo yomkhosi yabanjwa nguPhilip iGood of Burgundy ngowe-1444, yayingumsebenzi obalulekileyo olungiselelwe ukuxhasa imfazwe yemfazwe. Imikhosi yasebukhosini yamaxesha aphakathi yayiyintlobo zakudala zerejista, isebenzisa ulwimi olugqithisileyo ukuze iphumeze iinjongo zobupolitika.

Ukucoceka KweeNguqulelo: Ukuzalwa Kwegazi

Ngexesha leRenaissance, ukutyela kokumkani kwatshintshwa. Impembelelo yeenkundla zase-Itali, ingakumbi iMedici, yavelisa ukugxininisa okutsha kucwangco, ubunono, kunye nobugcisa. I-Banquets yaba ziziganeko zemidlalo, ezinezicwangciso zetafile ezintsonkothileyo, umculo we-interludes, kunye nemithetho yokuqala ecwangcisiweyo yesimilo. [iiiindlela yokungena] i-sphervice à la française[ — apho izitya ezininzi zazibekwa khona etafileni ngaxeshanye — zazingumthetho oqhelekileyo. Oku kwakuvumela iindwendwe ukuba zizincede zona ngokwazo, kodwa indlela yokungena kwisikhundla.

UHenry VIII waseNgilani, owayesaziwa ngokuhlawulelwa kwakhe izono, wathabatha ukutya kokumkani wandisa umgangatho omtsha. Uludwe lweendawo zakhe zokuphekela eHampton Court Palace lutyhila uludwe oluninzi lwezixhobo nezinto ezidibeneyo. Idili lakhe lalingekuko ukutya kuphela kodwa kwanangemiboniso: ababukeli, iimvumi, kwanezilwanyana eziphilayo zaziyinxalenye yomboniso. Kanti uHenry wayekwasebenzisa ezi ziganeko ngokwezobupolitika, abaxhasi abanomvuzo nabathunywa basemzini. Ilizwe elidume kakubi leCloth yegolide ngowe - 1520, intlanganiso ephakathi koHen VII neyom, uFrancis I yeFransi, yayingumthendeleko ophambili owawusebenza njengentlanganiso yemicimbi yezonqulo efihlakeleyo njengeqela.

IBaroque Extravaganza: Versailles noLouis XIV

Akukho kumkani mnye owabumba isidlo sale mihla njengoLouis XIV wase Fransi. KwiPalame yaseVersail, uKumkani welanga waguqula ukudla kwaba ngumsitho oqinileyo owaqinisa igunya lakhe elipheleleyo. Grandham [ — umsitho wokutyela kwasesidla kwasesidlangalaleni apho ukumkani nokumkanikazi badla khona ngokupheleleyo — wawungumsebenzi wamandla wemihla ngemihla. Itafile yabekwa neplati ye-stiki ecacileyo, yesilivere-gilt, kunye nekristale, kwaye inkonzo yayilawulwa yi-dipolathi entsonkothile yabaphathi ([FLT:][FLT]]] [FLT]]]], [FLT]],[FLT]],[FT]]]

Louis XIV wakwasungula ukusetyenziswa kwe [[FLT: 0]dîner d'appart, isidlo selizwe esisesikweni esilandela umthetho ongqongqo. Imenu isenokuquka ukutya okuninzi, okunikezelwe kwiiklasi ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba [ iziphene . Injongo yayingekokokokokokokokokokokokokokokondla kodwa ukukhwankqa. Urhwebo lweVerles lwaba nguphawu lweziklip kwinkundla yonke yasebukhosi eYurophu, kunye nemigaqo yetheko lerejini yaseFrentshi — iProric, inkonzo ebanzi — yamkelwa ngukumkani yase St. Petersburg. ukuya ku Madrid.

Inkulungwane Ye - 19: IVictorian Grandeur Ne - Imperial Accomplity

Kwinkulungwane ye-19, izidlo zelizwe zafikelela kwimigangatho emitsha yembutho, ingakumbi phantsi kokumkanikazi uVictoria noPrince Albert. UAlbert, ngokukodwa, wayenomdla ngobugcisa bokutyela. Wawatshintsha amagumbi okuphekela asebukhosini waza wasungula imigangatho emitsha yenkonzo. Iimenu ezaziwayo "Royal Banquet" zexesha zaziyimisebenzi yobugcisa ngokwazo, zishicilelwe kwiphepha elicolekileyo elinemida yegolide. UVictoria noAlbert bafumana isidlo sangokuhlwa sokutyelela ookumkani noosomashishini, besebenzisa ukukhuthaza impucuko nophuhlisobuBukhosi baseBritani.

Itheko lomtshato lePrince of Wales (kamva uEdward VII) yayingumsebenzi omkhulu, owawuquka imenu equka isuphu yempungushe, iturbot, kunye nenyama ezahlukahlukeneyo ezotyiweyo. Inkulungwane ye-19 yakwabona ukuphuhliswa kwe i-service à la russe[FLT][[FLT]] [1], apho izitya zazisetyenziswa khona ngokwembali ezikhoyo kwimidiliya. Oku kwavumela ukuba kuboniswe kakuhle nakucwangciswe kakuhle kwaye kusekelwe kukuziphatha okuhle kwale mihla. Isimbo sesiRashiya, ngokugxininisa kwazo kwimpumelelo nomboniso (iiiisilivere, iinyawo ezimdibaniswe kwi-injini, iinyawo ezimfono), sabe ngumgangatho wezo wobufundisi nyaka wonke eYurophu.

Imvume Karhulumente Wale Mihla

Ukubeka Umlinganiselo: Izimemo namalungiselelo

Namhlanje, isidlo sikarhulumente kwindlu enkulu yasebukhosini sibandakanya iinyanga zokulungiselela. Uluhlu lwabandwendwe lunqunyulwe ngokumanyeneyo yi-ofisi yelizwe yasemzini kunye nentloko yondwendwe yengingqi yelizwe, inikele ingqalelo enonophelo kwiimeko zobuzwe. Isimemo ngokwaso likhadi elibhaliweyo, elichaza indlela yokunxiba (ngokufuthi "Izibonda Ezimhlophe neZihombo") kunye nexesha lokuhlala. Kukumkani waseBritane, isidlo sorhulumente siqala ngokumsithendeleko, silandelwa ngumngcelele osesikweni kwigumbi lokudlela.

Igumbi lokutyela litshintshwa libe ngumbono wobungangamsha. Itafile ibekwa ngentlabathi entle, ikristale, nesilivere eqokeleliweyo yasebukhosini. EMazantsi, ipleyiti yegolide, ezinye iziqwenga ezithi zibuyele emva kwiimfazwe zikaNapoleon, zisetyenziselwa kuphela ezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo zikarhulumente. Izicwangciso zezityalo zenzelwe ukudibanisa igumbi kwaye zisoloko zibonakalisa intyantyatyambo yelizwe elityeleleyo.

Ingqalo Eyintloko Yesithuthi Selizwe Lanamhlanje

Imithetho Yendlela Yokunxiba Nesigqeba

Imithetho yokunxiba yesidlo sasebukhosini iphakathi kweyona isesikweni ehlabathini. Amadoda adla ngokunxiba iqhina elimhlophe — ijazi elimhlophe, ikhafule, kunye neqhina lomphambili elimhlophe — kunye nayo nayiphi na imiyalelo, iimendlela, kunye nemihlomelo. Amabhinqa, ngokukodwa amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini kunye namagqiza atyeleleyo, anxiba iingubo eziqhelekileyo nezinamakhareyitha ukuba anazo. Ukuboniswa kwempahla enqabileyo akungokubonisa nje: imela ilifa lentsapho yaye ngamanye amaxesha ubuncwane besizwe.

Ulwandle kunye nemithetho yokuziphatha

Ukumisa itheko kwisidlo selizwe ngumbandela wobalo lwezobuzwe. Itafile idla ngokuba sisihlangu sehashe okanye ukwakheka kobunjani be-E, nomamkeli nondwendwe oluhloniphekileyo oluhleli embindini. Inkoliso yeendwendwe ezinkulu zibekwa kufutshane nomninimzi, nomyalelo obonisa ulwalamano lwequmrhu kunye nolwezobuqu. Kwezinye iindawo, ukumkanikazi okanye ukumkani angahlala ngokuchaseneyo nondwendwe olubekekileyo ukuze alungise incoko. Isicwangciso sokuhlalo siyimfihlo de kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela, ngokufuthi sishicilelwe kwikhadi kwindawo nganye.

Imithetho elandelwayo idlulela kumyalelo wokungena, ixesha lokuthoba isonka, kwanendlela okusetyenziswa ngayo ukutya kwe-monarch. Kwisithethe saseBritane, ipleyiti yoMongami inikwa kuqala, kwaye "ngoku ubukhulu becala isithethe) isenokubakho ngokuphandle. Isidlo ngokwaso siqhutywa ngokuchanekileyo: izifundo ziyasuswa kwaye zinyanzeliswe ngexesha elinye liqela labanyathi abanyakwe yintambe, baqeqeshelwe ukusebenza ngokuzola okugqibeleleyo.

Imenyu newayini

Imenu yesidlo sesidlo sikarhulumente yenzelwe ukubonisa eyona nto ilungileyo yelizwe elimemileyo ngokutya kweminye imidla yengingqi, kwaye iphephe nayiphi na ifaux pas. Kulo Zwe lwaseUnited Kingdom, imenu eqhelekileyo ingaquka inkqubo yentlanzi (njenge poachlmon ene-mouseline souce), ikhosi yenyama yenyama (esoloko igotyiwe ngemvu yenkomo, okanye umdlalo wenyama yenkomo ekwilizwe lobukumkani), kunye nebhiti (mhlawumbi i-ayisi okanye isiqhamo somsila esiqhelekileyo). Abapheki kwiibhotwe zobukumkani, njenge i-RoyalsCity eBukhamplealm, okanye umzingeno, kunye nabalungiseleli bobulali basekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ubunjani obuphezulu.

Ukukhetha iwayini kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Iigumbi ezingaphantsi zokumkani ziphakathi kwezintle kakhulu ehlabathini, ziqokelele iwayini enkulu yevintage, izibuko, kunye ne-champagne. Iwayini ikhethwa ukuphelelisa indlela nganye, kwaye i-othernetic system ilungelelanisa nekhitshi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-flican egqibeleleyo. Ngexesha lesidlo, ukumkani angacebisa i-okisayinki kwintloko yorhulumente, esebenzisa umbhiyo we-oking eququzelela ingoma yesizwe.

Ukuzonwabisa Nezinto Zokudlala

Imicimbi yetheko lelizwe ayipheleli kumculo neentetho. EBritane, iokhestra ephakathi komnye wamaqela emikhosi idla ngokudlala ngexesha lesidlo. Ezi ziko zingaquka imikhosi yaseBritane kunye nomculo osuka kwilizwe lakoondwendwe. Emva kwesifundo sokudla okumnandi, ukumkani umi kwaye acebise i-athom kumphathi-mikhosi otyeleleyo, esebenzisa ibinzana lesithethe elithi "Kumongameli ka ..." (okanye "KuKumkani ka..."). Undwendwe lwembeko lucebisa ukuba kubuyele isonkamfonsolo kukumkani omemileyo nabantu belizwe elo limemileyo.

Ukuthoba i-okisa kungumzuzu ongundoqo wezobuzwe. Zivumela iinkokeli ukuba zibonise intlonelo kunye nomphandle wocalulo. Amazwi abhalwe ngobuchule ziiofisi zangaphandle zelizwe lasemzini kwaye abhalwe ngendlela engacwangciswanga. I-atmosfera yenye yemisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo, enzelwe ukukhuthaza ububele kunye nolwalamano lobuqu. Kwindima yokuthoba kwimithendeleko yezobuzwe, bona [[FLT:]] Enclopedia Britannica.

Umfuziselo kunye nentsingiselo

I-Diplomactic kunye namandla athambileyo

Izitheko zelizwe zisesisiXhobo esibalulekileyo kwiingxoxo zale mihla. Zinikela ucwangciso lwencoko yangasese, kude nokumiswa kwetafile yokuthelekisa. Amava ahlukeneyo esidlo esihle, aphelekwa ngumculo nomsitho, anokubanceda bakhe ukuthembana nolwalamano lobuqu phakathi kweenkokeli. Ngaphezu koko, isidlo ngokwaso singumyalezo: ubutyebi nokuchana kwesiganeko kumqondiso wentlonelo yohlanga olumemileyo ngondwendwe lwalo nangamandla alo.

Imfuno ye-Britane, ngokukodwa, iinkomfa zemikhosi yemfazwe yemfazwe yemfazwe, zichaza amatheko afana nohlobo lwamandla athambileyo. Xa uKumkanikazi uElizabeth II (okanye uKumkani uCharles II II) evuma intloko yesizwe, i-media yehlabathi inike ingqalelo. Imifanekiso yentsapho yasebukhosini ithe thamba, ingqongwe bubuncwane bomthsaba, iveza umfanekiso wozinzo, isithethe, kunye nobutyebi benkcube yenkcube. Oku kunganyusa ukuma kwe-United Kingdom emphal erreant kwaye kuvumela ulwalamano lwezopolitiki. Umzekelo, uDonald Trump wephondo lwamashumi amabini alithoba nenye isidlo sephondo esinesidlo selizwe esasibonisa isidlo se-British, ukusuka kwi-Dovercurbery ukuya kwimfulasi yasebukhosini.

Ilifa leNkcubeko neSizwe

Itheko lephondo likwasebenza njengemyuziyam ephilayo yembali nenkcubeko yesizwe. Izitya, itefile, isinxibo, kunye nomculo zonke zisetyenziswa kwiinkulungwane zesithethe. IRoyal Collection Trust iphawula ukuba izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kwimithendeleko karhulumente, njengenkonzo kaGeorge IV, ziyinxalenye yelifa lesizwe. Aziyozinto nje ezisebenzayo kodwa zizinto zobugcisa ezibalisa ibali.

Kulo lizwe limemileyo, isidlo lithuba lokuqinisekisa ukuba singowalo ngokwesithethe. Imenu idla ngokubalaselisa izithako zobulali kunye nezithethe zokulungisa. Izihombiso zingabonisa iimpawu zesizwe, ezinjenge rose yaseNgilani okanye imfihlo yeSkotlani. Ukuzonwabisa kubonisa impumelelo yelizwe yobugcisa. Ngale ndlela, isidlo sikarhulumente singumbhiyozo wangoku kunye nonxulumano lwakudala, ukukhuthaza ukuqhubekeka nokubaluleka kokumkani wehlabathi lanamhlanje.

Isiphelo: Isithethe Esihlala Sihleli

Ukusukela kwiholo yamaxesha aphakathi engxolo ephakamileyo ukuya kwiZiko leMilambo laseBuckingham, isidlo selizwe sivele kakhulu, kodwa injongo yaso engundoqo ayikaguquki. Sisitheko sokulawula, isiko lobuhlobo, nokuboniswa kwelifa. Kwixesha leentlanganiso ezingacwangciswanga kunye nolawulo lweziko lobugcisa, ubungangamela besidlo sesidlo sangokuhlwa esiqhelekileyo busenokubonakala bungahambisis'. Kodwa isidlo selizwe sihlala sihleli ngenxa yokuba senza into engenakufezwa yividiyo: sidala intlonelo kunye, isidima kunye nokubukrwano. Lo kumkani uhlala ehleli ebonakalisa umanyano lwesizwe nesithethe, isitheko selizwe liya kuqhubeka sidlala indima yaso, sicwangco esicwangco sembali.