Ukuqonda Umthetho Wamakhaya Nendima Yawo Kwiimpikiswano Ezingezozezocalulo

Iinkqubo zomthetho wamakhaya zisisiseko sendlela imicimbi engeyoyoyomthetho econjululwa ngayo kwiintlalo-ntle zoluntu jikelele. Kwizifundo ezisemthethweni, kubafundisi-mfundo, okanye kwiingcali ezifuna ukucacisa indlela iimpikiswano phakathi kwamaqela abantu, ukuqonda ezi nkqubo zibalulekile. Iindlela zomthetho zamakhaya zilungisa iingxabano ezivela xa omnye umntu okanye umntu ekholelwa ukuba omnye umntu akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nembopheleleko esemthethweni okanye ubangele umonakalo ngaphandle komongo wolwaphulo-mthetho. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olucokisekileyo lomthetho wamakhaya, imigaqo yawo yokukhokela, amacandelo aqhelekileyo eenkqubo olwaphulo-mthetho, kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo zamatyala agubungela.

Ngokungafaniyo netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho, apho urhulumente egweba umntu ngenxa yokwaphula imithetho elungiselelwe ukukhusela ucwangco lukarhulumente, umthetho wasekuhlaleni ugxininisa ekucombululeni iingxabano zangasese. Injongo asikokusohlwaya kodwa kukusilungisa. Umntu owoniweyo ufuna imbuyekezo, isenzo esithile, okanye umyalelo wenkundla wokuthintela intlekele engakumbi. Lo mahluko uchaphazela zonke iinkalo zenkqubo yesizwe, ukusuka kubunzima boncedo olukhoyo.

Uyintoni Umthetho Wamakhaya?

Umthetho wamakhaya lucwangciso olulawula iimpikiswano phakathi kwabantu, amashishini, okanye eminye imibutho. Luquka uninzi lwemiba ebanzi yemiba engokwasemthethweni, ukusuka kwizivumelwano ezophukileyo nakwizinto ezingavisisaniyo ukuya kwimicimbi yomntu ngamnye kunye neyosapho. Igama elithi "umthetho" maxa wambi lisetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo "kumthetho oqhelekileyo" ukuchaza iinkqubo zomthetho ezisekelwe kwimigaqo emiselwe ngokuhambelana, kodwa kumongo wale ngxoxo, libhekisela ngqo kwisebe lomthetho elisingatha iimpikiswano ezingangeni tyala.

Imvelaphi yomthetho wamakhaya wale mihla ibuyela kumthetho wamaRoma yaye kamva kwiNapoleonic Code, eyaphembelela iinkqubo ezininzi zomthetho kulo lonke elaseYurophu nangaphaya. EUnited States nakwamanye amazwe aqhelekileyo, umthetho wasekuhlaleni usebenza ecaleni komthetho wezaphuli-mthetho, kodwa kwiinkundla ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo, kunye nemigangatho. Injongo ephambili yomthetho wasekuhlaleni kukubuyisela abo benzakeleyo kwimeko engalunganga ukuba bebengakhange benze okuphosakeleyo. Oku kumele ukuba kuthathe uhlobo lwemali yomonakalo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango elungileyo enjengemiyalelo okanye imigaqo ethile okanye ukusebenza okuthile.

Imicimbi yomthetho wamakhaya ingasuka kwiimpikiswano ezilula, ezifana nomninindlu ofuna irente engahlawulwayo, ukuya kwicandelo elintsonkothileyo elibandakanya ukuqhatha kwequmrhu okanye intabalala yeetoni. Enoba kuntsonkotha, onke amatyala amakhaya alandela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo elungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba sesikweni, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo, kunye nenkqubo efunekayo kwiqela ngalinye elibandakanyekileyo.

Imigaqo Eyintloko Yomthetho Wamakhaya

Imigaqo emininzi esisiseko ilawula umthetho wasekuhlaleni ize yahlule kwezinye iinkalo zenkqubo yomthetho. Ukuqonda le migaqo kubalulekile kuye nawuphi na umntu ofunda okanye osebenza ngeenkqubo zamakhaya.

Umthwalo Wobungqina: Ukungxamiseka Ngobungqina

Kwiimeko zamakhaya, umthwalo wobungqina uxhomekeke kumntu oqhelekileyo, umbutho ozisa ityala. Umchasi-mthetho kufuneka abonise ukuba izibhengezo zawo zisenokuba ziyinyaniso kunezo. Lo mgangatho, waziwa ngokuba "ngubungqina obubanzi," ungaphantsi kuno-"ukungaqiniseki okusengqiqweni" umgangatho osetyenziswayo kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokweemeko ezisebenzayo, ukuqwalaselwa kobungqina kuthetha ukuba ukuba imilinganiselo yemithetho esesikweni ithe thacaphul'iphe kancinci ixhasa inguqulelo yeziganeko, umbhisho-staff uyawuhluza umthwalo wabo. Oku kusezantsi kubonisa ukuba amatyala asekuhlaleni abandakanya amalungelo obuqu kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkululeko.

Unyango Olusemthethweni

Umthetho wamakhaya unika iindlela ezininzi zokukhululeka kumaqela anxaxhiweyo. Unyango oluqhelekileyo yimali, okanye ilahleko, ejoliswe ekuhlawuleni iindleko zezonyango, ukulahlekelwa yingeniso, umonakalo wempahla, okanye iintlungu. Iinkundla zinganika imbuyekezo yezono kwiimeko apho ihambo yommangalelwa yayingenankathalo okanye imoshwa, nangona unyango olunjalo lungaphelelanga kwimimandla emininzi. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo ziquka umyalelo, oyile inkundla efuna iqela ukuba leqela lenze okanye lingawenzi isenzo esithile esithile, kwaye linyanzele iqela ukuba liphumeze iimbopheleleko zalo. Ukhetho lokwenza imbambano luxhomekeke kwimo yempikiswano epheleleyo.

Amalungelo neembopheleleko

Umthetho wamakhaya wakhiwe ngokujikeleze ingqiqo yamalungelo kunye nezibopho ezingqinelanayo. Wonke umntu kunye nombutho unelungelo elisemthethweni kwabanye. Umzekelo, umqhubi unomthwalo wokusebenzisa inqwelo-mafutha yakhe ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye ishishini linembopheleleko yokuhlonela izivumelwano zalo. Xa iqela liqhawula umsebenzi lize libangele umonakalo, iqela elimonzakeleyo linelungelo lokufuna ukubuyiselwa. Umthetho wamakhaya unika inkqubo yokuqinisekisa la malungelo nokuba amaqela abeke ityala ngeembopheleleko zawo. Lo mgaqo usebenza kwizivumelwano ezibhaliweyo, imisebenzi ecacileyo, kunye neemfuno zomthetho womthetho ngokufanayo.

Inyathelo lomthetho wabemi: Ukuwohloka Kwenyathelo Ngenyathelo

Inkqubo yokudityaniswa kwemibutho yoluntu ibandakanya amaqondo amaninzi, elungiselelwe ukuxinanisa imibandela, ukuqokelela ubungqina, nokusombulula ekugqibeleni impikiswano. Ngoxa imithetho echaziweyo yokwahluka ngokwemithetho, isakhiwo jikelele siyavumelana kwiinkqubo ezininzi zenkundla. Ngapha koko luvavanyo oluneenkcukacha lwenqanaba ngalinye.

Isikhokelo

Iqonga lokuncenga limisa isiseko esisemthethweni nesokwenene setyala. Iqala xa iifayile ze-posttiff zibizwa ngokuba yi "collent" ngenkundla efanelekileyo. Isikhalazo kufuneka siquke ingxelo ecacileyo yezibakala ezibangela impikiswano, isiseko esisemthethweni setyala, kwanenkululeko efunekayo. Xa isikhalazo sifakiwe, inkundla ikhupha izicelo, kwaye ummangali-mthetho kufuneka akhonze omabini amaxwebhu kummangalelwa, awazise amatyala nembopheleleko yawo yokuphendula.

Ummangalelwa ngoko ufakela "Impendulo," apho bavuma okanye bakhanyela ityala ngalinye kwisikhalazo. Impendulo isenokuquka ukhuseleko oluyiye, ezizizizathu zokuba ummangalelwa makangawisi nokuba izityholo ziyinyaniso. Umzekelo, ummangalelwa angaphikisa ngokuthi ummiselo wemiqathango uphelile okanye ummangalelwa umele ukuba usengozini yengozi. Kwezinye iimeko, ummangalelwa angafaka ifayile "umthetho wecandialclaim" ngokuchasene nomphathi-mthetho, achaze izikhalazo zakhe eziphuma kwingxelo enye.

Izibongozo zisebenza ekucaciseni impikiswano. Nayiphi na into evunywa ngamalungu omabini ayisaphikisi, echaza amaqondo alandelayo etyala. Iinkundla zikwakhuthaza amaqela ukuba athethele amatyala awo ngokholo olulungileyo, aphephe izityholo ezingeyonyaniso ezichitha ubuncwane bokugweba.

Umbuzo

Ukufumana okusoloko kulelona xesha lokufumana kunye nelokufumana izibonelelo zelifa lemveli. Yinkqubo apho omabini amaqela aqokelela khona ubungqina aze afunde ngemeko yelinye icala. Ukutyhilwa kukhuthaza ukubonakala kwelinye icala kwaye kunciphisa isiqalelo sommangaliso ekulingweni, nto leyo ngokulandelayo ekhuthaza iindawo zokuhlala kunye neziphumo ezintle. Iizixhobo zokufumana ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukwakhiwa:[ Sworn, ngaphandle kwengxelo apho amagqwetha abuza amangqina namaqela aphantsi kwesifungo. Amagqwetha avumela ukuba avavanye ukuthembeka nolwazi lwamangqina phambi kokuvavanywa kwetyala.
  • Imibuzo ebhaliweyo emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo ngexesha elichaziweyo. Iingingqi ziluncedo ekufumaneni ulwazi olungundoqo nolwahlula amangqina okanye amaxwebhu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izicelo zemveliso: Iimfuno zeqela eliphikisanayo ukuvelisa amaxwebhu, iirekhodi ze-elektroniki, okanye izinto zokwenyama ezinxulumene nomzekelo. Ezi zicelo zingagquma ii-imeyili, ii-askomp, iirekhodi zezamayeza, iingxelo zemali, nezinye ezininzi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izicelo zemvume: iingxelo omnye acela omnye ukuba avume okanye akhanye. Imvume inciphisa imiba yokuvavanya ngokucombulula izibakala ezithile ngaphandle kwemfuneko yobungqina.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iinkundla ziyalela icandelo lesithathu ukunyanzela ukunikela ubungqina okanye ukuvelisa amaxwebhu. Ii-Subpoena zibalulekile xa ubungqina obubalulekileyo bugcinwe ngumntu ongengolungu lamacala.

Umlinganiselo wokufumana izinto ubanzi, kodwa ungemi ngomlinganiselo. Iinkundla zimisela imida yokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa, njengezicelo eziwumthwalo ongafanelekanga, ezingancediyo, okanye ezikhuselwe ngelungelo. Uthungelwano olungenamsebenzi, imveliso yomsebenzi, kunye nolwazi oluthile oluyimfihlo lusoloko lukhuselekile ekufumanekeni. Kwakhona abagwebi bangayikhupha imiyalelo yokukhusela iimfihlelo zokuthengisa okanye izinto zobuqu.

Intshukumo

Phambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokufunyaniswa, amatheko angafaka iifayile zezenzo ezicela inkundla ukuba yenze izigqibo ezingqalileyo. Iintshukumo zingayicombulula imicimbi ethile, zilahle izinto ezithile, okanye zide ziphele ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuvavanywa. Iintshukumo eziqhelekileyo zangaphambi kovavanyo ziquka:

  • [[FLT: 0] Isicelo sokulahla: Isicelo sokuba inkundla iphelise ityala kuba isikhalazo asiphumeleli ukuchaza ityala elisemthethweni, inkundla ayinagunya, okanye ezinye iziphene ezingundoqo zikhona.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umbutho womgwebo wesishwankathelo: Isicelo sokuba inkundla ilawule ixhasa elinye iqela elisekelwe kwizibakala ezingenakuphikiswa. Ukuba ubungqina bubonisa ukuba akukho ngxelo yenyaniso yezinto eziphathekayo, ijaji ingangena kumgwebo ngaphandle kokuvavanywa.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isicelo sokufumana izicelo. Intshukumo isetyenziswa xa iqela lingavumi ukuvelisa ubungqina okanye ukuphendula imibuzo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isicelo sokususa ubungqina obuthile ekunikezelweni ekucinyweni. Le ntshukumo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukukhusela inkcazelo ecalucalula okanye engasebenziyo ekufikeleleni abachopheli.

Intshukumo ingayibumba ngokuphawulekayo intsontelo yokuqhuba. Intshukumo ephumelelayo yomgwebo wesishwankathelo ingaphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla exesha, ukugcina ixesha kunye nendleko. Ngokuchaseneyo, intshukumo ekhatyiweyo ingabonisa ukuba imeko yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqhubekeke ukuvavanya, iqhubela phambili ingxoxo yokulungisa.

Ukuvavanywa

Ukuba amatheko akanakuyilungisa impikiswano kwaye ityala aliyicombululeli, liqhubekela kwityala. Ekuchotshelweni, amacala omabini anikela ubungqina bawo neempikiswano phambi kwejaji (ukuvavanywa kwetyala) okanye inkundla yabachopheli-tyala (ukuvavanywa kwetyala). Ityala lilandela ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo:

  1. IiNgxelo ezivulayo: igqwetha ngalinye lichaza ubungqina eliza kubunika kunye nebali elizimisele ukulichaza. Ukuvula iingxelo kujongwa phambi kombandela kodwa akuquki ubungqina.
  2. Unikezelo lobuBonakaliso: I-Placttiff ichaza imeko yabo kuqala, ibiza amangqina kunye nokwazisa amaxwebhu okanye imiboniso. Ummangalelwa anganqamleza i-examine nganye. Emva kokuba ingqina lihleli, ummangalelwa unika ubungqina, alandeliswe lithuba lommangalelwa lokunqamleza.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Iimpikiswano ezichazayo: igqwetha ngalinye lishwankathela ubungqina lize lichaze isizathu sokuba inkundla okanye abachopheli-tyala balawule bebaxhasa. Impikiswano zokuvala lithuba lokugqibela lokuncendeza umenzi wesigqibo.
  4. Imiyalelo Engaqhelekanga kunye neSindululo: Kwityala labachopheli-tyala, ijaji iyalela abachopheli-mthetho ngomthetho osebenzayo nangemilinganiselo ekufuneka bayisebenzise. Abachopheli-mthetho bafumana ngabom ngasese kwaye bafikelele isigqibo.
  5. Isigwebo nomgwebo: Inkundla ingena umgwebo osekelwe kwisigqibo okanye, kwityala lebherin, isigqibo sejaji. Isigqibo somgwebo sichaza ukuba yeyiphi ingingqi ephumayo kwaye isiqabu sinikwe.

Izilingo zingahlala naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela, kuxhomekeka ekuntsonkothekeni kwemeko. Noko ke, amatyala amaninzi abemi ahlala ehleli ngaphambi kokuba afikelelwe kwityala. Amanani asoloko ebonisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwesihlanu ekhulwini samatyala aqulunqwayo angenaso isigqibo, yaye inkoliso enkulu igqibe ngokucombulula okanye ngokucombulula ezinye iimpikiswano.

Intshukumo nezibheno zasemva

Emva kwetyala, iqela eliphulukana nento lisenokufakela intshukumo yasemva kwetyala, njengentshukumo yokuvavanya okutsha okanye intshukumo yokubeka umgwebo ecaleni. Ezi ntshukumo zicela inkundla ukuba iphinde iqwalasele iziphumo ezisekelwe kwiziphoso ezingokwasemthethweni, kubungqina obufunyenweyo, okanye ukuziphatha okubi. Ukuba ezi ntshukumo ziyakhanyelwa, iqela eliphulukana netyala eliphezulu lingabhenela kwinkundla ephakamileyo.

Isibheno asilotyala elitsha. Inkundla egwebayo ihlola ingxelo esuka kwinkundla echongiweyo ukuze ifumanise ukuba iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni zenzekile na ezichaphazelekayo. Abagwebi abagwebi abachaphazelekayo bafunda imizuzu emifutshane ebekwe kuwo omabini amacala, beva iimpikiswano zomlomo, baze bakhuphe uluvo olubhaliweyo. Inkundla yenkcazelo yekomiti iyakwazi ukuqinisekisa isigqibo senkundla yokuvavanya, ukusibuyisela, okanye ukulibuyisela eli tyala ngenxa yetyala elibhekele phambili. Izibheno zinokuba zinde kwaye aziqinisekisiwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwiziphumo zejaji yetyala ngaphandle kokuba zikhohlakeleziwe ngokucacileyo.

Iindidi Zomzekelo Wangaphakathi

Umthetho wamakhaya uquka uludwe oluninzi lwempikiswano. Ukuqonda iindidi zamatyala amakhaya kunceda kucacise indlela umthetho osebenza ngayo kwiimeko zehlabathi. Ezinazo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

Iimpikiswano Ezimanyeneyo

Kuvela iimpikiswano xa omnye umbutho engaphumeleli ukuphumeza izibopho zakhe phantsi kwesivumelwano esinyanzeliswayo ngokomthetho. La matyala angabandakanya nantoni na ukusuka kwisithembiso esilula esidluliselwa ngomlomo ukuya kwisivumelwano sorhwebo esintsonkothileyo samaphepha amaninzi. Ukukhutshwa kwesivumelwano kufuna ukuba i-pointff ibonise ubukho besivumelwano esisemthethweni, ukungaphumeleli kommangalelwa, kwaye umonakalo obangelwa kukungaphumeleli. Iinkundla zingafaka imposiso yemali, ukusebenza, okanye ukuhlawula ngokwemeko.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka umthengisi ongakwaziyo ukuhambisa izinto njengoko kuthenjisiwe, umnini-ndlu ongavumi ukubuyisa indawo yokhuseleko ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye umqeshwa owaphula isivumelwano esingadibaniyo. Umthetho ogunyazisayo ngummandla osisiseko woqheliselo lwamakhaya, kwaye izivumelwano zisenza isabelo esikhulu kwinkundla yamazibuko.

Ityala Elincinane

Umthetho wetort ulungisa iimpazamo zamakhaya ezibangela umonakalo okanye umonakalo komnye umntu okanye kwimpahla yawo. Amathoyi angenza ngabom, njengokuhlasela okanye ukutyhina, okanye ngengozi, njengokungakhathali. Iimeko zomonakalo womntu ngamnye zisekwe kwisiseko esiphambili somthetho wetort. Ukuphumelela kwisigqibo sokungakhathali, umchasi kufuneka amisele izinto ezine: umsebenzi, ukusasaza, ukuchaphaza, ilahleko, kunye nezono. Umzekelo, umqhubi oqhuba isibane esibomvu aze abethelele umntu ohamba ngezinyawo ude waphula umsebenzi wakhe ukuze aqhube ngokukhuselekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umntu ohamba ngenqwelo-moya afune ukuhlawulelwa.

Amatyala aphumelel'ityala, amatyala onyango, kunye nezenzo ezibonisa ukuba ityala liphantsi komthetho ophantsi kwetyala. La matyala asoloko ebandakanya iinkampani ze-inshorensi kwaye anokuphumela kumonakalo omkhulu, ingakumbi xa umonakalo unzima okanye ihambo yommangalelwa ingonganyani.

Umthetho wentsapho

Umthetho wentsapho uquka imicimbi yomthetho enxulumene nolwalamano lwentsapho. Iinkqubo zoqhawulo-mtshato, ukugcinwa kwabantwana nokutyelelwa, inkxaso yabantwana, inkxaso yomtshato (i-antion), nokutholwa kwabantwana ngamatyala aqhelekileyo omthetho wentsapho. La matyala asoloko enxunguphaliswa ngokweemvakalelo kwaye afuna ukusingathwa ngocoselelo ngamagqwetha asebenza kule nkalo. Iinkundla zentsapho zizimisele ukwenza izigqibo ezinceda abantwana ababandakanyekileyo, ngoxa zikwaqinisekisa ukuba abazali bobabini baphathwa ngokusesikweni.

Ngokungafaniyo namatyala amaninzi asekuhlaleni, imicimbi yokunyamekela abantwana, ukugcinwa kwemigaqo, kunye nogonyamelo lwasekhaya nayo ixhomekeke kumthetho wekhaya. Ngokungafaniyo neemeko ezininzi zamakhaya, imicimbi yomthetho wekhaya isoloko ibandakanya ukuvelela inkundla okuqhubekayo, ingakumbi xa ilungelo lokugcina abantwana okanye inkxaso imbambano imbambano.

Iingxabano Zempahla

Iimpikiswano zempahla zibandakanya iingxabano malunga nezindlu okanye ipropati. Imibandela eqhelekileyo iquka imida, ukuthomalalisa, ukungavisisani kweendawo ezihlala kuzo, kunye neempikiswano zomxholo. Ukungavisisani, apho umntu efuna umhlaba awuthabathe ngexesha lomthetho, ngomnye umzekelo. Iimeko zempahla zifuna uhlolisiso, ukuphengulula izihloko, kunye nobungqina obungochwepheshe bokucombulula imibuzo eyinyaniso ngobunikazi okanye ukusebenzisa amalungelo.

Amatyala alawulayo, apho urhulumente athatha impahla yangasese ukuze asetyenziswe nguwonke-wonke, ikwayimbambano yempahla. La matyala aphakamisa imibuzo entsonkothileyo engomGaqo-siseko ngokuhlawula nje kuphela nangenjongo kawonke-wonke.

Umthetho weSebe

Umthetho wempangelo ugquma amalungelo neembopheleleko zabaqeshi nabasebenzi. Ityala kule ndawo liquka ukupheliswa okuphosakeleyo, intsebenziswano neyure, ucalulo emsebenzini, ukukhathazwa ngokwesini, ukwaphulwa kwezivumelwano zemisebenzi. Umthetho womsebenzi ulawulwa yimixube yemithetho karhulumente, njengeSihloko seSithi VII soMthetho we-Pologn Rights, i-Fair Labor Standard Act, kunye neMithetho-Ntsapho ne-Medical Let, kwakunye nemithetho yorhulumente enika inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo.

Abaqeshwa abafumana ukuziphindezela ngenxa yokuxela ukwaphulwa kokhuseleko okanye ukusetyenziswa kwentsebenziswano nophando nabo basenokuzisa amatyala omthetho. Amatyala omthetho womsebenzi adla ngokubandakanya iinkqubo zolawulo kwimibutho efana neKhomishoni yeQokelela Imisebenzi elilinganayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukuhlaziywa.

Enye Impikiswano Enokucombululelwa Kwimicimbi Yamakhaya

Asiyompikiswano yamakhaya kufuneka iconjululwe ngokucazululwa. Amaqela amaninzi aphethukela kwezinye iindlela zokusombulula impikiswano (ADR), ezinokuthi zikhawulezise, zingabi naxabiso lininzi, kwaye zisebenzisane kakhulu kuneengxelo zenkundla. Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-ADR zibucala noququzelelo.

[[NTLT:0] I-media ibandakanya iqela lesithathu elingoondilele elinceda unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela aphikisanayo kwaye liwancede afikelele isivumelwano sokuzithandela. Umlamli akanyanzeli sigqibo; endaweni yoko, akhokela amaqela kwizigqibo zawo. I-Media liyimfihlo kwaye lisetyenziswa nakweliphi na isigaba lempikiswano, nasemva kokuba ityala libekwe. Iinkundla ezininzi zifuna amaqela ukuzama ukuzama ukuququzelela ityala.

I-Arbitation yinkqubo esesikweni apho amaqela anikela imeko yawo kumphathi-tyala okanye kwiqela labaququzeleli, abanikezela ngesidibanisi okanye isigqibo esingabophekiyo. Imithetho yokudibanisa iqhelekile kwizivumelwano zorhwebo kunye nezivumelwano zabathengi. Ukubophelela ukudityaniswa kwemithetho kunelungelo lokuya enkundleni, kwaye isigqibo somphathi-mikhosi sinokupheliswa kuphela kwimiba emxinwa. Ukungadibanisi i-a i-aggno kuvumela amaqela ukuba akwamkele isigqibo nokuqhubeka ukuvavanywa ukuba akanelisekanga.

I-ADR iyinxalenye engundoqo yenkqubo yokulawula. inika ububhetyebhetye, ubuqu, kunye nethuba lezisombululo ezisenokungabikho enkundleni. Noko ke, i-ADR ayifanelekanga kuyo yonke imeko, ingakumbi ezo zibandakanya ukungalungelelani kwamandla abalulekileyo okanye imfuneko yokumisela umzekelo osemthethweni.

Iinkqubo Zamakhaya Ezikhethekileyo

Ezinye iintlobo zamatyala amakhaya zilandela iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezahlukileyo kwimithetho eqhelekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zihlukeneyo kubalulekile kumagosa angokwasemthethweni asingatha iindawo ezithile zoqheliselo.

Inkundla Encinane

Iinkundla ezincinane zisingatha iimpikiswano ezincinane ngemali elinganiselweyo, eziqhele ukusukela kumawaka ambalwa eerandi ukuya kumawaka aliqela eedola, kuxhomekeke kulawulo. Iinkqubo zisenziwa lula ukuvumela abantu ukuba baziphathe ngaphandle kwamagqwetha. Iimeko ziviwa ngokukhawuleza, imithetho yobungqina iyakhululeka, kwaye igxininiswa ekucombululeni iimpikiswano ngokunempumelelo. Amatyala amancinane adla ngokuquka amatyala angahlawulwayo, umonakalo wempahla, kunye nengxubangxwano yemali yemali yemali encinane.

Iintshukumo

Kwisenzo seklasi, omnye okanye angaphezulu amangalela iqela elikhulu labantu abaye bafumana umonakalo ofanayo. Izenzo zodidi zixhaphakile kukhuseleko lwabathengi, ukuqhatha kwezabo, iimfanelo zemveliso, kunye namatyala okukhetha umsebenzi. Inkundla kufuneka iqinise udidi, ithetha ukuba kufuneka ifumane ukuba iqela lininzi ngokwaneleyo kwaye labelane ngemiba eqhelekileyo esemthethweni okanye eyinyaniso. Izenzo zeklasi zivumela abantu abanokuthelekisa ubuncwane babo nokulandela okusesikweni njengeqela. Noko ke, baluntsonta-ntsonkothile kwaye baphantsi kwemigaqo engqongqo efana ne-Action Fair Beart.

Ukuviwa Kwabaphathi

Iimbambano ezininzi zamakhaya ziconjululwa ngamaziko olawulo kunokuba zigwetywe ziinkundla. Umzekelo, iimbambano ngeengenelo zoKhuselo loNtlalo-ntle, intengo yabasebenzi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemali yezomthetho oqeqeshiweyo zidla ngokuviwa ngabagwebi bomthetho wolawulo. Ezi ngxoxo azikho ngokusesikweni kunezo zivavanywa kwiinkundla kodwa zibandakanya ubungqina, ubungqina, kunye neempikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni. Izigqibo zinokubheniswa kwinkqubo yenkundla eqhelekileyo.

Indima Yamagcisa Asemthethweni Kumthetho Wamakhaya

Iinkqubo zomthetho wamakhaya zintsonkothile, yaye amaqela akafane asebenzise ukhokelo lwawo ngaphandle kobuchule. Abalawuli abanobuchule bokuchophela imicimbi yamakhaya basingatha iimbopheleleko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kulawulo olufanelekileyo lokusesikweni.

Icebiso elisemthethweni kunye neqhinga: amagqwetha amakhaya ahlola amandla nobuthathaka betyala lomxhasi, acebisa ngekhondo elilungileyo lesenzo, kwaye aphuhlise icebo elilungele iinjongo zomthengi. Oku kuquka ukuvavanya ukuba uza kuzinzisa okanye uya kuvavanywa, ziziphi iingcamango ezingokwasemthethweni ezimele ziphunyezwe, nendlela yokusingatha iingozi.

Ukupapashwa kwengxelo yengxoxo nenkundla: Abameli bamela abaxhasi kwiintlanganiso zengingqi, iintlanganiso zolawulo, kunye nokuchotshelwa kwenkundla. Ukuphumelela kobuchule bonxibelelwano oludluliselwa ngomlomo nolubhaliweyo, ulwazi lwemithetho yemiboniso, kunye nobuchule bokucenga abagwebi, iijaji, kunye nesiluleko esichasayo.

Ulungiso lwexwebhu kunye nefatyi: Ilitha loluntu libandakanya amaphepha amaninzi, ukusuka kwizikhalazo nakwimpendulo ukuya kwizicelo, ukufunyanwa, kunye nokuvavanywa. Abaphathi-mthetho bawalungisa ngokuchanekileyo la maxwebhu, beqinisekisa ukuba ayavumelana nemithetho yenkundla kwaye banikele ngempumelelo indawo yomxhasi.

Abaphathi bolawulo kunye nophando: Abalawuli bomthetho bajonge inkqubo yokufunyanwa, amangqina odliwano-ndlebe, amaxwebhu ohlolo, nokubuzana neengcali. Balawula ixesha elimisiweyo, balungelelanise nabasebenzi benkundla, kwaye bagcine abaxhasi besazisi ngeziphumo zetyala.

Ngaphandle kwamagqwetha azimeleyo, ezinye iingcali zidlala indima engundoqo kumthetho wasekuhlaleni. Abaxhasi bancedisa ngophando nangoxwebhu. Oomabhalane beNkundla balawula amashelufu kunye nocwangciso. ABagwebi nabaphathi boorhulumente bongamela imicimbi kunye nemigaqo equlunqwayo.

Ukunyamekela Abafundi Nabafundisi

Kubafundi abafunda iinkqubo zomthetho wamakhaya, ukugxininisa kwimidlalo ephakathi komthetho ophantsi kunye nemithetho ebhaliweyo kubalulekile. Ukwazi izibakala zentengo kuyinxalenye ye-equation; ukuqonda indlela yokungqina ezo zinto ngobungqina nangengxoxo kungoko kwahlula uqheliselo olusemthethweni olunempumelelo. Abafundi kufuneka babandakanye kwizifundo zetyala, imithambo yenkundla yezobumonki, kunye nemfaniso zokwakha ubuchule obusebenzisekayo.

Abafundisi banganyusa ukufunda ngokugxininisa umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi komthetho wamakhaya nowamagxamesi, izigqibo zequmrhu ezijongene nezobugqhinga, kunye neengqwalasela zenkqubo ezibumba imithetho ye-procedic. Uhlalutyo lothelekiso lwamagunya ahlukeneyo, njengeenkqubo zenkundla yesizwe neyombuso eUnited States, lunika uluvo olubalulekileyo. Izibonelelo ezinjenge iFEDALRRR of Policcediture[ kunye neewebsite zekosi yekomkhulu ezinegunya.

Ukuhlala notshintsho kwinkqubo yamakhaya kunye nokuvela kwentsingiselo, njengokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ekufumaneni (iziphumo) kunye nempikiswano ye-intanethi, kubaluleke ngokufanayo. I-Melika Bar Association's [[FLT: 0]] Icandelo lokwahlula-hlula kunye [FLT]] ne-Cornell Information imithombo elungileyo yokuqhubekeka kwemfundo nenkxaso.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo zomthetho wamakhaya zinika isakhiwo apho iimpikiswano ezingezozamthetho ziconjululwa khona. Ukusuka ekubongozeni kokuqala ukuya kwisibheno sokugqibela, isigaba ngasinye senkqubo sisebenza injongo eyahlukileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amaqela afumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo. Nokuba ingxubusho ibandakanya isivumelwano esaphukileyo, umonakalo wobuqu, umba wentsapho, okanye ukungquzulwano lwempahla, inkqubo yokulawula inikeza indlela yokucombulula ngokufanelekileyo nenkqubo efanelekileyo.

Ukuyiqonda ngokucokisekileyo inkqubo yomthetho wasekuhlaleni kuxhobisa abafundi, abafundisi kunye neengcali zomthetho ngezixhobo ezifunekayo zokulawula le mimandla intsonkothileyo. Njengoko ibutho labantu liguquka lize lifumane iindidi ezintsha zengxabano, imigaqo yomthetho yasekuhlaleni ihlala isisiseko esizinzileyo sokukhusela amalungelo abantu nokugcina ucwangco kwimicimbi yangasese. Ngokukwazi ezi nkqubo, abo bafundayo nabaqhelisela umthetho banokuba negalelo kwinkqubo edlulisela okusesikweni kwiimeko ezininzi suku ngalunye.