Table of Contents
UAlexander Hamilton wazalwa ngoJanuwari 11, 1755 okanye 1757, kwaye wasuka kwimvelaphi ephantsi yeCaribbean ukuze abe ngomnye wabayili abanempembelelo kakhulu benkqubo yorhulumente waseMelika. Njengonobhala wokuqala we-U.S. we-Oficial ukususela ngo179 ukuya ku1795, imigaqo-nkqubo kaHamilton yombono kunye nokunganikezeli okunganikezeliyo korhulumente onamandla ngokusisiseko kwabumba isiseko somgaqo-siseko kunye nesiseko sezoqoqosho se-United States. Igalelo lakhe kwimithetho yezolawulo yezoburhulumente yaseMelika (*) ngokusekelwe kwimibhalo yakhe, iinguqu-mali, kunye nolawulo lwezobupolitika (i-179595), iyaqhubeka ukuphembelela ulawulo, inkqubo yezoqoqosho, kunye nokutolikwamGwa-mGwa-siseko emva kweenkulungwane ezimbini emva kokufa kwakhe.
Ubomi Bangaphambili Namava Akhuthazayo ECaribbean
Ukuzalwa Nemvelaphi Yentsapho
Ukususela e-Charlestown, Nevis, iminyaka yokuqala ka-Alexander Hamilton yayiphawulwa ziinzima nokungazinzi. Abazali bakhe babenguJames Hamilton, umrhwebi waseSkotlani wase St. Christopher, noRachel Fawcett, abamtshato wakhe wangaphambili waphela ngoqhawulo mtshato. Inkundla yalela ukutshata kwakhona kwakhe emva koqhawulo-mtshato, yenza umtshato noJames Hamilton wamkeleke eNtshona Indies, kodwa hayi kwenye indawo. Lo mgaqo-mthetho wobugqhinga wawuza kulandela uHamilton ubomi bakhe bonke, maxa wasetyenziswa ngabachasi bezobupolitika ukuhlasela ubuntu bakhe.
Uyise, uJames Hamilton, wamshiya yena nomntakwabo uJames beselula, beshiya intsapho yabo ikwimeko embi yemali. Ngo1768, unina kaHamilton, uRachel Faucette, wadlula ngenxa yeYellow Fever, emenza inkedama emalunga neminyaka elishumi elinesithathu ubudala. Ezi zinto zakudala zokushiywa nokufelwa zibunjwe kakhulu ubuntu bukaHamilton, zimenza abe nongxamiseko olunzulu lwempumelelo nophawu oluza kubangela ukuba anyuke ngokuphawulekayo.
Imfundo Nemisebenzi Yangaphambili
Naphezu kweemeko ezinzima, uHamilton wabonakalisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo bengqondo ukususela ebuncinaneni. Ngexesha unina wayephila, uAlexander noJames Jr. wafumana uqeqesho kunye neeklasi kwisikolo sabucala esikhokelwa ngumphathi-ntloko wesizwe wamaYuda, kwaye uAlexander wongezelela imfundo yakhe kwithala lentsapho yakhe lencwadi engama-34. Emva kokufa kukanina, uHamilton waba ngunobhala eBeekman kunye neCruger, inkampani yezentengiselwano engaphandle eyayirhwebelana nePhondo laseNew York neNew England.
Nangona wayesekwishumi elivisayo, uHamilton wangqineka ekwazi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ngumrhwebi ukuba ashiyeke ephethe ifemu kangangeenyanga ezintlanu ngo1771 ngexesha umniniyo wayeselwandle. La mava okuqala eshishini angqineka exabisekile, enika uHamilton ulwazi olusebenzisekayo lwezorhwebo lwehlabathi lonke, imali, kunye norhwebo oluza kuzisa iinkqubo zakhe zezoqoqosho njengoNobhala wemali. Ngokutsho konyana wakhe uJohn, Hamilton wabhekisela kulo msebenzi njengeyona nxalenye iluncedo yemfundo yakhe.
Ileta Yenkanyamba Nohambo Lokuya EMerika
Iziphiwo zoncwadi zikaHamilton zavela ngendlela ephawulekayo ngo1772. Wabhala incwadi echaza iinkcukacha kuyise ngokuphathelele inkanyamba eyatshabalalisa amaKristu ngoAgasti 30, 1772, kunye noMlawuli we-Presbyterian uHugh Knox, umhlohli nomncedisi kuHamilton, wanikezela ileta yokupapasha kwiRoyal Denmark-American Gazette. Inkcazo ecacileyo, ecacileyo yentlekele yendalo yachukumisa iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zikaHamilton ngobuchule bokubhala.
His intelligence, writing, and administrative abilities were recognized by local benefactors who created a fund to provide him with a formal education in the North American colonies. In 1772, Hamilton arrived in New York City, marking the beginning of a new chapter that would transform him from an orphaned clerk into a founding father of a new nation.
Imfundo nokubandakanyeka kwindaleko
Imisebenzi efundisayo kwiKoleji kaKing
Ngo1773, uHamilton wafunda kwiElizabethtown Academy, isikolo sokulungelelanisa ekholejini eNew Jersey, wandule ukubhalisa kwiKing's College (ngoku eyiColumbia University). Ngoxa wayelapho, waziswa kuWilliam Livingston, ingcungela ephambili yengingqi neyinguqu eyamphembelela, kwaye wakhwela kwiLivingstonstons xa wayefunda. Oku kuchatshazelwa kwiingcamango zemvukelo kunye neenkcuba zezobupolitika zanceda uHamilton ukuvela kwentandabulumko yezobupolitika.
Njengomfundi wabandakanyeka kwisizathu seenguqu waza wathetha ngokuchasene nomthetho waseBritane kwiintlanganiso zengqungquthela, wakwapapasha namaphecana amabini anempembelelo: Ukudityaniswa okupheleleyo kwemilinganiselo yeBhunga kunye ne-Former Refured. La maxwebhu angaphambili abonisa isipho sikaHamilton sokuqulunqa imigaqo entsonkothileyo yezopolitiko kunye namandla akhe okuchaza imigaqo-siseko entsonkothileyo kulwimi olufikelelekayo.
Inkonzo Yasemkhosini Kwimfazwe Yendaleko
Emva kokuba imfazwe yenkululeko iqalile, uHamilton wabophelela ikhomishini njengomphathi kwinkampani yaseNew York ebizwa ngokuba yiArtillery. Ubuchule bakhe bomkhosi ngokukhawuleza watsala ingqalelo. Waqala wafumana isaziso nguGeorge Washington ngexesha leNew York neNew Jersey Campaign, kwaye iWashington yayiqonda indlela yokuzimela kaHamilton, umyalelo wokulungelelanisa, kunye nokuthembeka kwinjongo.
NgoMatshi 1777, uHamilton waqina waqina njengomnye weentsapho zomkhosi ezisondeleyo zaseWashington, ekhonza njenge-aide-de-camp kwintloko-ntloko. Kangangeminyaka emine, uHamilton wayesebenza kwicala leWashington, elawula iposi, emisela imisebenzi yemikhosi, kwaye efumana uluvo olubalulekileyo kucelomngeni lokulawula nokuxhasa umgudu wemfazwe phantsi kwemiqathango ebuthathaka yoMbutho.
Njengabanye abaninzi ababekhonza kuMkhosi weLizwekazi, uHamilton wayijongela phantsi iKhonklane njengengenalusini, nto leyo eyaphumela ekubeni aqiniseke ngokuqinileyo ukuba iUnited States entsha yayifuna urhulumente onamandla ombindi. Ukuzibonela ngawayo ukungakwazi kweBhunga ukunikela ngokufanelekileyo nokuhlawula umkhosi, uHamilton weyiseka ukuba urhulumente wesizwe onamandla ngakumbi wayeyimfuneko ukuze kusindiswe yaye kuphumelele uhlanga olutsha.
AmaPhepha oLuntu: Ukuxhasa ukuThintsho-nkqubo koMgaqo-siseko
Imvelaphi Nenjongo Yomanyano
Emva kokuqukunjelwa kweNdibano yomGaqo-siseko ngoSeptemba 1787, umGaqo-siseko ocetyiweyo wajamelana nenkcaso ephawulekayo, ingakumbi kumaphondo amakhulu afana neNew York. Hamilton, kunye noJames Madison kunye nomnye uMgaqo-siseko waseNew York uJohn Jay, wabhala oko kwabizwa ngokuba yiThe Federalist Papers, uthotho lweencoko, lwapapashwa ngokungaziwayo, olwaluphikisa ukuhlanjiswa komGaqo-siseko.
AmaPhepha oLungela angooMasipala aqokelelwa amanqaku nazincoko ezingama-85 abhalwe ngu-Alexander Hamilton, uJames Madison, noJohn Jay phantsi kwegama-liqela lemposiso "Publius" ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komGaqo-siseko waseUnited States. Ezokuqala ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesixhenxe kwezi zincoko zapapashwa ngothothotho kwi Independent Journal, iNew York Packet, kunye neDaily Adversitorr phakathi ko-Oktobha 1787 noApril 1788.
Iminikelo ka Hamilton Neempikiswano Ezingundoqo
Njengombhali okhokelayo, uHamilton wabhala ama-5 kwizincoko, ebhala uMadison u-29 kunye noJay edibanisa izincoko 5. Izincoko zikaHamilton zaquka uludwe oluninzi lwemixholo ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni inkqubo karhulumente ecetyiweyo, kuquka ubuthathaka bamanqaku omanyano, imfuneko yokumanyaniswa, isakhiwo sesebe eliphetheyo, kunye namagunya karhulumente worhulumente.
Iminikelo kaHamilton kwiMaphethisi yoManyano yoNyaka yaquka izincoko eziliqela eziziinkcazo eziziintloko ezihlala zisemgangathweni kutoliko lomgaqo-siseko. KuMbutho woLawulo No. 1, wachaza umgangatho ophezulu weprojekthi kwaye wagxininisa ukubaluleka kwembali yesigqibo esijongene namaMelika. Hamilton wahamba entlalo-phambili ngokuhlasela inkqubo yorhulumente yangoku phantsi kweMigaqo-nkqubo yeNkqutyana, echaza iimpazamo ezininzi ezibhekiselele ekungakwazini kwabo ukunikela ngokhuseleko olufanayo okanye ukugcina umgaqo-wonke.
KuMlawuli woManyano No. 70, uHamilton wenza ityala elinamandla kwisigqeba esinye, esinamandla. Umlawuli wamaFederal No. 70 ukhusela imfuneko yesigqeba esinye (uLawulo) ukuqinisekisa ukuphendula nokulawula okusebenzayo. Waphikisa ngelithi amandla aphezulu afuna ukugxininiswa kumntu omnye ukuqinisekisa amandla, ukugqibelela, nokuphendula okuye kwayila i-America desidemonian ukususela ngoko.
UHamilton wakwaqesha uMbutho woLuntu No. 78, owathetha kwisebe lezahlulelo. ULuhlu loManyano No. 78 uchaza indima yejaji nokubaluleka kohlolo lwezahlulelo. Kwesi sincoko, Hamilton wachaza ngokuphandle umgaqo wokuba ijaji mayisebenze njengovavanyo kumandla ewiso-mthetho, emisela isiseko sentetho samandla eNkundla ePhakamileyo ekwakuqwalaselwe ngokusemthethweni eMarcry v. Madison.
Impembelelo Nentsingiselo Ehlala Ikho
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, amaPhepha oMgaqo-siseko agqalwa njengeenkcazelo ezigunyazisiweyo zomGaqo-siseko, yaye uMgwebi weNkundla ePhakamileyo uJohn Marshall wazikhankanya kumatyala aphawulayo afana noMarbury v. Madison (1803) kunye noMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819). Izincoko ziye zaba zezona zibalulekileyo ekufundweni iinjongo zabaxhasi kunye neziseko zentanda-ntanda-bulumko zorhulumente we-Melika.
AmaPhepha oLuntu angooMasipala asebalulekile kuye nabani na ofunda umGaqo-siseko okanye intanda-bulumko yezobupolitika yaseMerika, enika ukuqonda kwiinjongo zabalawuli kunye nocelomngeni lokulungelelanisa igunya likarhulumente nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Abaphengululi abasemthethweni, abagwebi, kunye nezazinzulu zezobupolitika ziyaqhubeka zibhekisela kwezi zincoko xa zitolika amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko yaye ziphikisana ngomgangatho ofanelekileyo wamandla karhulumente.
Ukusekwa Kwenkqubo Yezemali Elungelelanisiweyo
Idinga njengonobhala wokuqala weBhunga
UMongameli Washington wamisela uHamilton njengoNobhala wokuqala weTreat, apho wabeka khona isiseko sobukhosi bezoqoqosho baseMerika. Ukuthatha isikhundla ngoSeptemba 1789, uHamilton wajamelana nomsebenzi onzima wokumisela ukuthembeka kwemali karhulumente omtsha, owayezuzwé ilifa letyala lemfazwe elikhulu yaye engenankqubo yokunyusa ingeniso okanye yokuphatha imali kawonke-wonke.
UHamilton wafikelela kule ngxaki ngamandla namehlo abonakalayo, evelisa ungcelele lweengxelo ezibanzi ezazichaza inkqubo yamabhongo enkqubela yezoqoqosho yesizwe. Inkqubo yakhe yemali yayixhomekeke kwiintsika eziliqela ezingundoqo: ukumisela ityala likawonke-wonke ngokujongwa nokuxhaswa kwamatyala, ukuseka ibhanki yesizwe, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweeprojekthi zokukhusela, nokuvelisa ingeniso ngerhafu.
Ukunyukela KuThixo Nokuxhasa Amatyala
Kwingxelo yakhe yokuqala kwiSixeko sikaWonke-wonke, ebekwe kwiKhonkqu ngoJanuwari 1790, uHamilton wacebisa ukuba urhulumente wesizwe norhulumente athabathe ityala ngamatyala esizwe awenziwe ebudeni bemfazwe yendaleko. Esi sicelo sempikiswano sajamelana nenkcaso ekrakra, ingakumbi kumaphondo aseMazantsi awayesele ehlawule ityala lawo elikhulu lemfazwe.
UHamilton waphikisa ngelithi intelekelelo yayibalulekile ekumiseleni ukufaneleka kwetyala likarhulumente wesizwe nokudala uqoqosho olumanyeneyo lwesizwe. Ngokuthi urhulumente afumane amatyala karhulumente, wayeza kudala udidi lwababoleki-mali olunenzala ebolekisayo kwimpumelelo karhulumente wesizwe. Esi sigqibo sasikwaquka ukuxhasa imali yetyala ngexabiso elilinganiselweyo, okuthetha ukuba urhulumente uya kuzihlonela ngokupheleleyo iimfanelo zakhe kunokuba angazifaki phantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi.
Isicwangciso sokuqikelelo ekugqibeleni sagqithisa iKhonklathi njengenxalenye yoMbutho odumileyo wokuThoba iNgxelo ka-1790, apho uHamilton wavuma ukuxhasa ukufunyanwa kwekomkhulu lesizwe kuMlambo iPotomac etshintshiselana ngenkxaso yaseMazantsi ukwenzela intelekelelo. Oku kulalanisa, kwaphulwa ngoncedo lukaThomas Jefferson noJames Madison, kwabonisa ukuba uHamilton umlawuli wezopolitiko kunye nokuvuma kwakhe ukuqhubana ukuze afeze iinjongo zakhe zenkqubo.
Ibhanki Yokuqala YaseUnited States
NgoDisemba 1790, uHamilton wafaka iNgxelo yakhe yesibini ngetyala Likawonke, eyacebisa ukuba kwenziwe ibhanki yesizwe ekwakuboniswa kuyo iBhanki yaseNgilani. IBhanki yaseUnited States yayiza kusebenza imisebenzi emininzi: yayiya kulungiselela indawo ekhuselekileyo yemali karhulumente, inike uqokelelo lwerhafu, inike imali-mali ebolekisiweyo kurhulumente nakumashishini obuqu, ize inikeze imali yesizwe eqinileyo.
Isindululo sebhanki savusa ingxoxo enzulu yomGaqo-siseko. UThomas Jefferson noJames Madison baphikisa ngelithi uMgaqo-siseko awuzange ulinike ngokucacileyo igunya lokuqesha ibhanki, nokuba ukwenza oko kuya kuphazamisa ukubekwa kwamagunya eshumi elinamashumi amahlanu eMiyezo- Amenzi kwiphondo. Hamilton waphendula ngokuwakhusela ngokuqaqambileyo amandla athethwayo, ephikisa ukuba uClaus noMgaqo-siseko ofanelekileyo wanika igunya lokusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela engakwalelwanga ngokucacileyo ukuqhuba amagunya awo adweliswe.
Imfundiso kaHamilton yamagunya ajongwayo, echazwe ngokuchanekileyo kwiSigqibo sakhe sobuGaqo-siseko seBhanki, yaba sisiseko sotoliko lomgaqo-siseko. UMongameli Washington waxhasa isikhundla sikaHamilton, kwaye iBhanki yokuqala yaseUnited States yafumana i-trakte yayo ngoFebruwari 1791. Ibhanki yasebenza ngempumelelo iminyaka engamashumi amabini, inika uzinzo kwinkqubo yemali eMelika kunye nokwanda kwezoqoqosho.
Ingxelo Ngezinto
NgoDisemba 1791, uHamilton wanikezela iNgxelo yakhe engoManufactures kwiKhonkqele, echaza umbono obanzi wenkqubela-phambili yezoshishino zaseMerika. Kule ngxelo, waphikisa ukusungulwa kwenkxaso-mali kunye noosomashishini ukuze akhuthaze ulwando lwemizi-mveliso. Hamilton wakholelwa ukuba iUnited States kwakufuneka iphuhlise amandla ayo okuyila ukuze ifumane inkululeko yokwenene yezoqoqosho kwaye ikhuphisane namagunya aseYurophu.
Le ngxelo yaxhasa ukukhusela abasebenzi belizwe kwimpahla eveliswa kwamanye amazwe, intlawulo nenkxaso-mali yabenzi bemizi-ntle, kunye nenkxaso karhulumente kwinkqubela-phambili yezibonelelo. UHamilton waphikisa ngelithi ezi zinto ziya kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa koshishino lwamaMerika, zibangele amathuba emisebenzi, zinciphise ukuxhomekeka kwiimpahla zangaphandle.
Waxhasa umbutho obizwa ngokuba yi-Society for the Accomplification of Fractrial Manufactriting (S.M.), kwaye ekuxhaseni lo mbutho, uHamilton waceba ukuvuselela inkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe ngokwenza ubuninzi. Ngonyaka we-1792, iS.U.M. wathenga umhlaba ojikeleze iiFalls ezinkulu waza wamisa isixeko sasePaterson, eNew Jersey, kwaye ngoxa kwiminyaka yokuqala wayeneengxaki zemali, uPaterson ubongwa ngokuba sisixeko sokuqala soshishino esicetyisiweyo saseMelika kunye nendawo yokuzalwa kweNtlanganiso yezente eUnited States.
Ngelixesha iBhunga labaphathi benqanawa benqanawa bengazange bamkele ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yokwakha kaHamilton ngexesha lobomi bakhe, umbono wakhe weMelika ehambele phambili esebenzayo kurhulumente okhuthaza inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho kamva kweMelika yaphembelela kakhulu inkqubo yezoqoqosho, ingakumbi ngexesha lenkulungwane yeshumi elinethoba yeMelika kunye neNew Deal yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini amabini.
Inkqubo yengeniso nerhafu yemisonto
Ukuxhasa imisebenzi karhulumente karhulumente nokusebenzisa ityala lesizwe, uHamilton kwakufuneka amisele imithombo ethembekileyo yengeniso. Wacebisa ukuba kudityaniswe iirhafu zerhafu ezifumaneka kwamanye amazwe nakwirhafu yeemveliso zasekhaya. Eyona ingxubano yaba yirhafu ekhutshwayo kwimimoya ehluliweyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yirhafu ye-wishikey.
Irhafu ye-wiskey, eyanikelwa ngowe-1791, yafaka irhafu kwimirhumo eveliswa ekhaya. Le rhafu yehla ngamandla ngokukodwa kubalimi abasemadabini abakhuphela ingqolowa yabo kwimibhobho yezithuthi ezilula ukuya emarikeni. Ukuchaswa kwerhafu kwakunobundlobongela, ingakumbi entshona yePennsylvania, apho yabangela ukuba kubekho iWiskey Garjing yowe-1794.
UHamilton walugqala uvukelo njengocelomngeni olungqalileyo kwigunya likarhulumente kwaye wabongoza iWashington ukuba iphendule ngamandla. Umongameli wabiza amajoni avela kumaphondo amaninzi, kwaye uHamilton wawa ngokobuqu emkhosini ukuya entshona yePennsylvania. Imvukelo yawa ngaphandle kokuphalaza igazi okuphawulekayo, ibonisa amandla karhulumente worhulumente nokukulungela ukunyanzelisa imithetho yakhe.
Intanda - bulumko Yezobupolitika Nombono WobuProtestanti
Ukuxhasa Urhulumente Onamandla Wombindi
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, uHamilton ngokuzingisileyo waxhasa urhulumente wesizwe onamandla okwaziyo ukwenza ngokuqinisekisiweyo kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Amava akhe ngexesha lemfazwe yendaleko, xa wabona ukungakwazi kweLizwekazi ukuxhasa umkhosi ngokwaneleyo, wamenza waqiniseka ukuba urhulumente obuthathaka ophakathi usongela ukusinda kohlanga.
Hamilton wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente wengingqi ufuna amandla aneleyo okulawula ezorhwebo, ukugcina ityala likawonke-wonke, ukulungiselela ukukhusela ilizwe, nokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho. Waphikisa ngelithi la magunya afanele achazwe ngokubanzi, esebenzisa imfundiso yamandla achazwayo ukuthethelela isenzo sikarhulumente kwiindawo ezingakhankanywanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko.
Lo mbono wamandla amakhulu karhulumente wabangela ukuba uHamilton angqubane noThomas Jefferson noJames Madison, owakhetha ukuchazwa okusikelwe umda kwegunya lesizwe kunye nokungavumelani okungakumbi nolawulo lukarhulumente. Oku kungavisisani okusisiseko ngolungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kwamandla karhulumente norhulumente kwabangela ukuba kunyuke inkqubo yokuqala yeqela leMelika, kunye noHamilton ekhokela amaFederalist kunye noJefferson ekhokela iDemocratic-Republicans.
Iqela Loluhlu Loluntu
Hamilton waseka iqela lokuqala lezobupolitika laseMelika, iFederalist Party, ngo1791. Abaququzeleli baxhasa inkqubo yoqoqosho kaHamilton, baxhasa ulwalamano olusondeleyo noBritane, kwaye baxhasa urhulumente wengingqi onamandla okhokelwa zizikhulu ezifundileyo. Hamilton waba ngumphathi-phambili weqela lokuqala lezobupolitika leMelika, iFederalist.
IQela loManyano loManyano loLuntu lafumana inkxaso kubathengisi, abakhi, abagcini-mali, kunye nezilangazelelo zorhwebo ezangenelwa kwiinkqubo zemali zikaHamilton. Eli qela lalinamandla kakhulu eNew England nakumaziko ezorhwebo ezidolophini. Amaqela asekuhlaleni akholelwa ukuba urhulumente ufanele akhokelwe zizityebi nabafundi abaqeqeshileyo, ababenolonwabo nemfundo efunekayo ukuze benze izigqibo ezifunekayo mayelana nenkqubo kawonke-wonke wonke.
Umbono kaHamilton woburhulumente wagxininisa umanyano lwesizwe, inkqubela yezoqoqosho, norhulumente onamandla. Wayekholelwa ukuba iUnited States kwakufuneka iphuhlise amandla ayo ezoqoqosho nawomkhosi ukuze ikhuphisane namazwe aseYurophu kwaye ikhusele inkululeko yayo. Oku kwafuna urhulumente onamandla wesizwe onamandla okwazi ukumisela iinkqubo zesizwe ezingqinelanayo, kunokuba avumelane nolawulo lwamazwe afuna izilangazelelo zawo.
Ukucaciswa komGaqo-siseko kunye namagunya asetyenzisiweyo
Igalelo elihlala lihleli likaHamilton kwingcinga yomgaqo-siseko waseMelika ingaba yimfundiso yakhe yamandla acacileyo. Ekukhuseleni ubugqeba bebhanki yesizwe, uHamilton waphikisa ngelithi umGaqo-siseko ufanele ucaciswe ngokubanzi ukuvumela urhulumente wengingqi ukuba asebenzise naziphi na iindlela ezinganqandwanga ngokucacileyo ukuphatha amandla awo adwelisiweyo.
Le "nkqubo yokwakha ekhululekileyo" yomGaqo-siseko yaphikisana kakhulu nolwakhiwo lwecandelo lukaJefferson," olwalukholelwa ukuba urhulumente wengingqi wayenawo amandla agunyaziswa ngokucacileyo nguMgaqo-siseko. Indlela kaHamilton ekugqibeleni yaphumelela, imisela umgaqo wokuba urhulumente wesizwe unegunya elibanzi lokulungisa iingxaki zobuzwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Inkundla ePhakamileyo yamkela isicatshulwa sikaHamilton kuMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819), xa uMahluleli omkhulu uJohn Marshall wacaphula uluvo lwebhanki likaHamilton ekuxhaseni ubugqeba beBhanki yesibini eUnited States. Uluvo lukaMarshall lwamkela uHamilton ucaciso olubanzi lwe-Active ne-Fanety Claus, ukuseka iqhinga lokulawula ulawulo olubanzi olusaqhubeka lubumba umthetho wesiseko namhlanje.
Impembelelo kaHamilton kumandla olawulo
Ukurhwebesha Ulawulo LwaseWashington
Njengonobhala weBhunga kunye nomnye wabaxhasi abathembekileyo boMongameli Washington, uHamilton wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni imizekelo yesebe eliphetheyo. Wayekholelwa kwinkokeli yesigqeba esiphezulu esinamandla kwaye wasebenza ukwandisa igunya lomongameli kwimicimbi yasekhaya nakumazwe angaphandle.
Hamilton wabhala amaphepha amaninzi abalulekileyo karhulumente waseWashington, kuquka amacandelo e-Farewell iDilesi yakhe. Hamilton wabhala uninzi lwedilesi kaGeorge Washington, apho iWashington yachaza ukuba akazukubaleka okwesithathu njengomongameli. Le dilesi edumileyo yalumkisa malunga nolwahlulo lwamaqela namaqela angaphandle, imigaqo enika ukhokelo kwinkqubo yamazwe angaphandle aseMelika.
UHamilton wakwaxhasa igunya eliphakamileyo kwimicimbi yamanye amazwe. Waphikisa ngelithi umongameli, njengomphathi-ntloko nomphathi-mikhosi oyintloko, wayenamandla emfuza okuqhuba inkqubo yangaphandle kunye nokusabela kwiimeko ezinzima zezizwe ngezizwe ngaphandle kokulinda ugunyaziso loburhulumente. Le mbono indala ngamandla alawulayo kwimicimbi yamanye amazwe iphembelele inkqubo yobumongameli ukususela ngoko.
Inkqubo yeKhabhinethi kunye nooPolisa boLawulo
UHamilton wancedisa ekumiseleni umzekelo wekhatheminali yequmrhu lomongameli njengequmrhu labameli ababebophelele ukunyaniseka kwabo kokuqala kwisikhulu esiyintloko. Walungiselela iSebe likaNondyebo ngempumelelo ephawulekayo, edala iinkqubo zolawulo kunye nenkqubo ezazisebenza njengemizekelo kwamanye amasebe aphetheyo.
Iingxelo zakhe kwiNkcubeko yemali wamisela umzekelo wamagosa aphezulu esebe anikela iingcebiso ezineenkcukacha kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. Hamilton wayekholelwa ukuba amagosa aphezulu, anobuchule nobuchule ekufumaneni inkcazelo, afanele abe nendima ephambili ekulungiseni umthetho, kungekhona ukumisela nje imithetho edluliswa yiBhunga.
Le ngcamango isebenzayo yobunkokeli obulawulayo maxa wambi yabangela ukuba uHamilton angqubane namalungu eBhunga awayegqala impembelelo yakhe njengegqithileyo. Sekunjalo, umzekelo wakhe wolawulo oluphezulu olunamandla waba ngumgangatho wokhokelo olunempumelelo lukarhulumente.
Umsebenzi Wamva Nempembelelo Eqhubekayo
Ukubuyiselwa nokubuyela kwiNdlela yabuLuntu
UHamilton warhoxa njengoNobhala weSebe likaNondyebo ngoJanuwari 1795, emva kokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Iingcinezelo zemali neempikiswano zobupolitika, kuquka izityholo zokungafezeki kwemali awazichasayo ngempumelelo, zafak' isandla kwisigqibo sakhe sokubuyela kubomi bobucala. Waphinda waqalisa inkqubo yakhe yomthetho kwisiXeko saseNew York, apho waba ngomnye wamagqwetha aphumelelayo kwelo lizwe.
Nangona wayeka ukusebenza, uHamilton wahlala ebandakanyeke kakhulu kwezobupolitika njengenkokeli yeQela loManyano. Waqhubeka ecebisa uMongameli Washington kwaye kamva waphembelela inkqubo ngexesha lolawulo lukaJohn Adams, nangona ulwalamano lwakhe noAdam lwalusoloko lunengxabano.
Unyulo Lwama - 1800 Nokuwohloka Kwezobupolitika
Unyulo lomongameli wonyaka we-1800 lwaphawula inkqubela kwimbali yezobupolitika yaseMerika lwaye lwangqinela intlekele kuHamilton ngokobuqu. Xa unyulo lwaphumela kwiqhina phakathi kukaThomas Jefferson no-Aaron Burr, isigqibo saya kwiNdlu yabameli. Nangona wayeneengxabano ezinzulu noJefferson, Hamilton wasebenza emva kwemiboniso ukuxhasa uJefferson phezu koBurr, awayemgqala njengonobungozi nongenamigaqo.
Inkcaso kaHamilton kwiBurr yaba negalelo kungquzulwano lomntu ngamnye oluya kuphumela ekufeni ekugqibeleni. Impembelelo yakhe kwiQela loManyano loLuntu yayiphela, njengoko amalungu amatsha ayengafuni ukuba aqhubeke ezama ukulawula icebo leqela elivela ngaphandle korhulumente.
Isigwebo Esibulalayo
Ubomi bukaHamilton baphela ngoJulayi 12, 1804, xa wafayo wangxwelerheka kumongameli uAaron Burr, umphikisi wezobupolitika. Ityala labangelwa yiminyaka yezopolitiko kunye nobutshaba bobuqu, ifikelela kwisiphelo samagqabaza kaHamilton okubuza ubugcisa bukaBurr ngexesha lohlanga lwaseNew York lwe1804.
Ngentsasa kaJulayi 11, 1804, uHamilton noBurr badibana eWeehawken, eNew Jersey, kwale ndawo enye apho unyana omdala kaHamilton uPhilip wafa kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambili. UBur noHamilton balwa ityala eWeehawken, eNew Jersey, kunye noBurrr wafa engxwelerhekile uHamilton, owafa kwiSixeko saseNew York ngosuku olulandelayo, Julayi 12, 1804. Ukufa kukaHamilton eneminyaka engama-4 ubudala kwabufutshane ubomi bomnye weminye yemizwi yezobupolitika echubekileyo eMelika kwaye wahlutha uhlanga lweminikelo yakhe eqhubekayo.
Ilifa Nemiphumo Ehlala Ikho
Impembelelo Kumgaqo-nkqubo Wezoqoqosho WaseMerika
Inkqubo yemali kaHamilton yaseka isiseko sophuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseMelika. Iinkqubo zakhe zadala imali ezinzileyo, ityala likawonke-wonke, kwaye zaphakamisa ulwando lwezorhwebo noshishino. Imigaqo awayichazayo (ukuthi urhulumente umele akhuthaze inkqubela yezoqoqosho, okokuba uluntu lufanele lunconywe ngenxa yempumelelo yesizwe, kwaye inkqubo yemali eyomeleleyo ixhasa umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho wesizwe lonke ilizwe.
Inkqubo yebhanki yesizwe, abakhuseli bamatyala, kunye nenkxaso karhulumente yezibonelelo kunye noshishino ngezantsi , zonke iinkqubo zemiqathango zaxhasa uHamilton zaba ziinkalo eziphambili zenkqubela-zoqoqosho yaseMerika kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba namashumi amabini. Umbono wakhe welizwe elinamandla, elinoshishino, elinoshishino lwamandla aseYurophu ekugqibeleni waqondwa, nangona kwathabatha amashumi amaninzi eminyaka emva kokufa kwakhe.
Ilifa lomGaqo-siseko nelomthetho
Igalelo likaHamilton kutoliko lomgaqo-siseko lingqineke lihlala ngokulinganayo. Imfundiso yakhe yamandla achaziweyo, acacisiweyo ekukhuseleni ibhanki yesizwe, yaba sisiseko segunya elibanzi lesizwe. INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yacaphula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ingqiqo kaHamilton xa ixhasa intsingiselo ebanzi yamandla karhulumente phantsi koMphathi-majoni kaClaus, u-Emfama noMgaqo-siseko, kunye namanye amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko.
AmaPhepha oMbutho, ingakumbi izincoko zikaHamilton, ahlala enegunya lokuqonda intsingiselo yantlandlolo yomGaqo-siseko. Abagwebi, amagqwetha, kunye nabaphengululi bayaqhubeka behlola ezi zincoko xa betolika amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kunye nemibuzo ebuzwayo yamandla orhulumente, ukwahlukana kwamandla, namalungelo omntu ngamnye.
Impembelelo Kwingcamango Yezobupolitika YaseMerika
Intanda-bulumko yezobupolitika kaHamilton .-ekhuthaza urhulumente onamandla, umanyano lwesizwe, kunye nenkqubela yezoqoqosho, iye yaphembelela iingcamango zezobupolitika zaseMelika kwiingcamango ezihlukeneyo. Inkolelo yakhe kukhokelo olunamandla yayila ukuphuhliswa kobungangamsha baseMerika. Igunya lakhe lolawulo lorhulumente lorhulumente liphembelele iziphumo zengxoxo ukusuka kwimfazwe ye-Civil ukuya kwi-New Deal ukuya kwimpikiswano yale mihla yolawulo.
Ngeli xesha utyekelo lukaHamilton lwe-Hamilton kunye nokungaqiniseki ngedemokhrasi ethandwayo lugxekwe, ingqiqo yakhe esisiseko ``ukufumana amandla asebenzayo ukucombulula iingxaki zesizwe'''. Ingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwabo baxhasa amandla karhulumente aphezulu kunye nabo baxhasa amalungelo karhulumente kunye norhulumente olinganiselweyo ibonakalisa impikiswano yokuqala phakathi kweHamilton noJefferson.
Ukwamkelwa Kwesithethe Nokuphakanyiswa Kwale Mihla
UHamilton ujongene nemali ye-dola elishumi, enye yamadoda amabini kuphela awayengengomongameli ukuba ajongene nemali yaseMerika (enye nguBen Franklin). Le ngqwalasela ibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwimbali yaseMerika, nangona ingazange ikhonze njengomongameli.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi bukaHamilton kunye nelifa lakhe, ufumene ingqalelo entsha kuLin-Manuel Miranda's ukuqhekeza umculo ovunyiweyo "IHamilton," owathi waqala okokuqala eBroadway ngo 2015. Umculo uzise ibali likaHamilton kwizigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ubangela umdla omtsha kwiminikelo yakhe kwimbali yaseMelika nakwixesha lokusekwa.
Umbono kaHamilton weMelika njengelizwe elinamandla, elinamandla kwezentengiso elinorhulumente onamandla onamandla okwaziyo ukukhuthaza intlalo-ntle jikelele ufezekisiwe. I-United States yaba ngumphathi wezoqoqosho nomkhosi we-Hamilton, enorhulumente wesizwe odlala indima esebenzayo ekulawuleni uqoqosho, ukulungiselela ukukhusela ilizwe, nokulungisa iingxaki zesizwe.
Uhlalutyo lothelekiso: umanyano lwemibutho yoluntu lukaHamilton.
Ukwahluka Ngokwesiseko
Ingxoxo phakathi korhulumente worhulumente norhulumente kaHamilton kunye nolawulo-mpucuko lukaJefferson yabonisa imibono eyahlukileyo ngekamva laseMelika. UHamilton wayenombono welizwe lasedolophini, lorhwebo, kunye noshishino olunelizwe elinamandla elisembindini elikhuthaza inkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho. UJefferson wakhetha irepublic yamafama azimeleyo enorhulumente olawulayo nolawulo olulinganiselweyo.
Hamilton wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu lufuna ukuba urhulumente onamandla afake amabhongo kunye nomnqweno onzulu kwinjongo eyingenelo. Wayecinga ukuba urhulumente ufanele akhokelwe ziincutshe ezifundileyo ezaziqonda imicimbi enzima yezomgaqo-nkqubo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uJefferson wayenokholo olungakumbi kubulumko babemi abaqhelekileyo yaye wayesoyika ukuba amandla aphakamileyo anokukhokelela kwingcinezelo.
Le mibono ikhuphisanayo yadala inkqubela-phambili yezobupolitika yaseMelika kwizizukulwana. Uxanduva phakathi kwamandla orhulumente kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente, phakathi komsebenzi worhwebo kunye namaxabiso e-agrian, zisukela kulwahlulo lokuqala luka-Hamilton-Jefferson.
Imbono Yezoqoqosho
Umbono kaHamilton wezoqoqosho wagxininisa ukuveliswa komsebenzi, ezorhwebo, nezezimali. Wayekholelwa ukuba iUnited States yayifuna ukuphuhlisa ubuchule bayo boshishino ukuze ifumane inkululeko yezoqoqosho namandla esizwe. Iinkqubo zakhe zokukhusela i-(ii-spreaders), ibhanki yesizwe, ukujongwa kwamatyala, ukuxhasa ukwenza/ukuxhasa ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo noshishino.
Umbono kaJefferson wezoqoqosho wawusekelwe kwezolimo yaye wayesoyika impembelelo eyonakalisayo yebhanki, urhwebo, kunye norhwebo lwasedolophini. Wayekholelwa ukuba abalimi abazimeleyo babesisiseko sesidima seriphabliki nokuba inkqubela phambili yezorhwebo yayiza kudala ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunye nokonakala kwezobupolitika.
Imbali ithethelelwe kakhulu imbono kaHamilton yezoqoqosho. IUnited States yaba nguMphathiswa ophambili wehlabathi woshishino kunye norhwebo, ilandela indlela kaHamilton edweliswe endaweni yempumelelo kaJefferson kunokuyilwa kwe-agrian. Noko ke, ixhalabisa ngokungalingani kwezoqoqosho, amandla enkampani, kunye nendleko yentlalo-ntle yoshishino ./ii-Jefferson yaphakamisa ``itshatsha ) ihlala ifanelekile kwiingxoxo zenkqubo zale mihla.
Intanda - bulumko Karhulumente
UHamilton waxhasa urhulumente onamandla onamandla onamagunya abanzi ukuze alungise iingxaki zesizwe. Wayekholelwa ekuchazeni ngokungekho mthethweni, evumela urhulumente wesizwe ukuba asebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze afeze iinjongo zakhe. Wakhetha igosa elinamandla elikwaziyo ukuthatha inyathelo elipheleleyo kwaye wayecinga ukuba urhulumente ufanele akhokelwe ngabo banemfundo, impahla, kunye nabo basengozini yokuzinza kwebutho labantu.
UJefferson wakhetha urhulumente olinganiselweyo ochaza ngokungqongqo umGaqo-siseko, ubuninzi bolawulo-mgaqo-siseko, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Wayesoyika amandla aphezulu yaye ekholelwa ukuba urhulumente ongcono ulawulwa kancinci. Wayenokholo olungakumbi kubulumko obudumileyo kwaye wayexhalabele ukuba inkqubo kaHamilton iza kudala ubutyebi namandla.
Urhulumente waseMerika uqukelele amalungu emibono yomibini. Urhulumente wengingqi uqhelisela amagunya abanzi uHamilton, kodwa kwinkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela nokuziphendulela kolawulo-mpukane okubonisa inkxalabo kaJefferson. Uxinezeleko oluqhubekayo phakathi kwezi ndlela luyaqhubeka lubumba ingxoxo yezobupolitika yaseMerika.
Iminikelo kaHamilton kwiinkalo ezithile zomanyano
Ubuzwe beFederalism
UHamilton wamisela umgaqo wokuba urhulumente wesizwe kufuneka abe nemithombo ezimeleyo yengeniso kunye nobuchule bokuphatha imali yesizwe. Ngaphambi kokuba aguqule iinguqu zakhe, urhulumente wesizwe wayexhomekeke ekucelweni amagunya kumaphondo, nto leyo eyayidla ngokungahoywa. Inkqubo kaHamilton yerhafu karhulumente, ulawulo lwetyala lohlanga, kunye nogcino-mali lwemali ebhankiswayo yanika urhulumente urhulumente inkululeko yemali kunye nokuthembeka.
Isicwangciso sakhe sokucinga sadala inkqubo yemali yesizwe eyadibanisa amaphondo ngeenzuzo zemali ezabelanayo. Ngokuvumela urhulumente wesizwe ukuba athathe amatyala karhulumente, wadala iqela lababolekiweyo elinomlinganiselo wempumelelo karhulumente waseka umgaqo wokuba urhulumente wesizwe ube netyala ngezibopho ezibandakanyekileyo ngenxa yesizathu esiqhelekileyo.
Olu phuhliso lwamisela ubuzwe be-fiscal urhulumente njengenkalo engundoqo yenkqubo yamaMelika. Ubuchule bukarhulumente borhulumente bokuhlawula irhafu, ukuboleka, nokusebenzisa imali ngaphandle kwamazwe bungqineke buyimfuneko kulawulo lwesizwe, ukusuka kwiimfazwe zemali ukuya kukuphumeza iinkqubo zentlalo ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu wezoqoqosho.
Umanyano lwezorhwebo
Hamilton wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente wengingqi kufuneka alawule yaye akhuthaze ngokukhutheleyo urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iinkqubo zakhe zolawulo, ukuxhasa ukwenziwa, nokuxhasa inkqubela yezibonelelo zezwe lonke konke oku kwabonisa lo mbono worhwebo.
Waphikisa ngelithi iCommerce Claus yanika iBhunga elikhulu igunya lokulawula umsebenzi wezoqoqosho ochaphazela ezorhwebo.
Umbono kaHamilton woqoqosho olumanyeneyo lwesizwe, kunye nokucwangcisa inkqubo yezorhwebo karhulumente kunye nokususa imiqobo kurhwebo lwamazwe aphakathi, uqashelwe kakhulu. I-United States yakhula yaba yintengiso enye, edityanisiweyo, nemithetho karhulumente eqinisekisa imigangatho efanayo yezorhwebo kwaye ithintela ukhuphiswano lombuso olutshabalalisayo.
Umanyano lolawulo
njengoNobhala wokuqala weTreasure, uHamilton wamisela imizekeliso yolawulo lwesebe elilawulayo elaphembelela ukuphuhliswa kwesebe elilawulayo. Wadala iinkqubo zolawulo ezisebenzayo, waqesha abasebenzi abafanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwisidima, kwaye wamisela imigangatho yezobugcisa yenkonzo karhulumente.
ISebe lakhe loBungameli bemali laba ngumzekelo wolawulo olunempumelelo, ebonisa ukuba urhulumente wesizwe unokuyilawula ngokunempumelelo imisebenzi entsonkothileyo. Oku kwanceda ukoyisa ukuthandatyuzwa koburhulumente kwaye kwamisela imizekelo yokuba urhulumente wesizwe alungiselele iinkqubo ngokungqalileyo kunokuba athembele ngokupheleleyo ekuzalisekisweni kwesizwe.
Uphuhliso lolawulo lukaHamilton lwabeka isiseko sequmrhu lesebe lesizwe lale mihla. Ukugxininisa kwakhe kubuchule, ukuphumelela, kunye nolawulo lwengcali kwaphembelela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yenkonzo yasekuhlaleni nolwando lwamaqumrhu olawulo.
Imbono Erhabaxa Nokungabikho Kwabantu
Ukugxekwa kweFregism kaHamilton
Umbono kaHamilton woburhulumente borhulumente ujongene nokugxekwa okubalulekileyo kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukugxininisa kwakhe kwigunya lorhulumente kunye nolawulo oluphezulu lwedemokhrasi kwalulaza imigaqo yedemokhrasi kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente. Inkqubo yakhe yemali, abahlalutyi, baphikisa ngokuthi, ukhetha abatyala izityebi kunye nezilangazelelo zorhwebo ngokulahlekelwa ngabalimi abaqhelekileyo nabasebenzi.
UJefferson Republican batyhola uHamilton ngokuzama ukuvelisa kwakhona uhlobo lolawulo lobukumkani nolobuhandiba eMelika. Baphikisa ngelithi imigaqo yakhe igxininise kubutyebi namandla ezandleni zorhulumente weRiphabliki ombalwa, osongelayo. Inkxaso yakhe yegunya eliphezulu eliphakamileyo laphakamisa uloyiko lobuzwilakhe bobungangameli.
Abahlalutyi bale mihla baphawula ukuba umbono kaHamilton karhulumente owenziwa ngabalawuli abafundileyo wawubonakalisa iimbono ezingekho zedemokhrasi malunga nokuba ngubani ofanele asebenzise igunya lezobupolitika. Ukungaqiniseki kwakhe ngedemokhrasi edumileyo kunye nenkolelo yakhe yokuba izityebi nezityebi ezizalwa kakuhle zifanele zikhokele ukungqubana nomgangatho wedemokhrasi wale mihla.
Umbuzo Wobukhoboka
Ulwalamano lukaHamilton nobukhoboka lubonakala lunzima. Wazalelwa waza wakhulela kwiCaribbean, apho ubukhoboka babukuyo yonke indawo, kodwa wafika ukuzolichasa iqumrhu. Wayelilungu lesakhiwo saseNew York uManugig Society, eyasebenzela ukuphelisa ubukhoboka eNew York.
Noko ke, inkcaso kaHamilton kubukhoboka yayingeyiyo into epheleleyo. Wayeqhuba intengiso yamakhoboka yentsapho yomfazi wakhe kwaye akazange ayenze into ephambili kwezobupolitika. Inkqubo yakhe yemali, ingakumbi ukurhanelwa kwamatyala karhulumente, yanceda abagcini bamatyala baseMazantsi ababenze amatyala ngexesha leMvukelo.
Oku kulingana kubonisa ukuphikisana okunzulu kwexesha lokusekwa, xa iinkokeli ezininzi zichasa ubukhoboka ngomgaqo kodwa zibusebenzisa. Ilifa likaHamilton, njengalo wakha waqalisayo, kufuneka liqondwe phakathi komongo wohlengahlengiso lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.
Inkxalabo Ngamandla Aqwalaselweyo
Ulawulo lukaHamilton lwegunya eliphambili lorhulumente luphakamisa inkxalabo esemthethweni ngokulawulwa kakubi nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya. Abagxeki bakhe babexhalabele ukuba urhulumente onamandla ophakathi wayeza kusongela inkululeko nozimele-zimele. La maxhala aye angqineka ephambili kwezinye iimeko, njengokuba ukukhula kwegunya likarhulumente maxa wambi kuye kwakhokelela ekuphathweni nasekuphazanyisweni kwamalungelo.
Uxinzeleleko phakathi kombono kaHamilton worhulumente onamandla kunye nenkxalabo ngamandla agxininisiweyo luhlala lusemgangathweni kwingxoxo yezopolitiko yaseMelika. Ukufumana ulungelelwaniso olulungileyo phakathi kolawulo olusebenzayo nokhuseleko lwenkululeko kuyaqhubeka kucel ’ umngeni abenzi bemithetho kunye nabemi.
Isiphelo: Impembelelo enyamezeleyo kaHamilton kuManyano
Iminikelo ka-Alexander Hamilton kwinkqubo karhulumente waseMerika yatshintsha yahlala ihleli. Ngokubhala kwakhe, ingakumbi iThe Federalist Papers, wanikela isiseko sobulumko kurhulumente womgaqo-siseko kunye namandla orhulumente wesizwe. Njengonobhala wokuqala weMali, waseka inkqubo yemali eyenza ukuba inkqubela yezoqoqosho yesizwe isebenze. Njengenkokeli yezobupolitika nommeli, wayila imizekelo kunye namaziko achaza ulawulo lwaseMelika.
Umbono kaHamilton karhulumente onamandla onamandla okwazi ukukhuthaza impumelelo yesizwe, ukulungiselela ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo, kunye nokuthetha ngentlaninge yeqela iye yaxhaphaka kakhulu. I-United States yakhula yaba luhlobo lwesizwe uHamilton ebonwayo: unamandla ezoqoqosho, othengiselana, kwaye ulawulwa yinkqubo enamandla karhulumente ekwaziyo ukwenza isigqibo esiqatha.
Kodwa iingxoxo uHamilton wanceda ekuqaliseni ngezantsi ngokulungelelanisa okufanelekileyo phakathi kwamandla karhulumente norhulumente, phakathi kolawulo lorhulumente nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye, phakathi kwenkokeli ephezulu kunye nedemokhrasi edumileyo . Liyaqhubeka ukubumba ezopolitiko zaseMerika. Ilifa lakhe asiyomfundiso esisigxina kodwa yincoko eqhubekayo emalunga nendlela yokumisela urhulumente ukukhuthaza ulawulo olunempumelelo nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye.
Ukuqonda igalelo likaHamilton kurhulumente waseMerika kufuna ukuba aqonde izinto zakhe ezibalaseleyo kunye nenkxalabo esemthethweni ekwakhe imbono ephakanyiswe. Ubuchule bakhe bemali, ingqiqo yezomGaqo-siseko, kunye nolawulo lwezobupolitika zafuneka kwimpumelelo yamaMelika. Kwangaxeshanye, utyekelo lwakhe lobugrogrisi, ukugxininisa kwakhe kwigunya, kunye nokuhlala kwakhe ebukhobokeni kusikhumbuza ukuba kwanabona bantu babalaseleyo babenengxaki abasebenza ngexesha labo.
Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini emva kokufa kwakhe, uHamilton uhlala engoyena mntu ubalulekileyo kwiingcamango zezobupolitika zaseMerika. Iingcamango zakhe ziyaqhubeka ziphembelela iingxoxo eziphathelele amandla orhulumente, inkqubo yezoqoqosho, ukutolikwa komgaqo-siseko, kunye negunya elilawulayo. Nokuba ubani ubamba okanye uququzelela umbono wakhe we-othoralist, iminikelo kaHamilton engokokuqonda urhulumente waseMerika neprojekthi eqhubekayo yokulungelelanisa ulawulo olunempumelelo nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye.
Kubo bafuna ukuqonda iziseko ze-operalist yaseMerika, ubomi bomi nomsebenzi kaHamilton zinika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo. Iincwadi zakhe, ingakumbi iMaphephu kaFederalist, zisekho eziyimfuneko ekuqondeni imigaqo yomGaqo-siseko. Utshintsho lwakhe lwezemali lubonisa indlela inkqubo karhulumente enokuthi iphucule ngayo inkqubela yezoqoqosho. Ukhokelo lwakhe lwezopolitiko lubonisa izinto ezinokwenzeka kunye neengozi zegunya elithe kratya.
Njengokuba amaMerika eqhubeka ephikisana ngendima efanelekileyo karhulumente, ulungelelwano phakathi kwegunya lorhulumente norhulumente, kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho nempumelelo yesizwe, igalelo likaHamilton kwezi ngxoxo lisasebenza ngokuphawulekayo. Umbono wakhe ngoMelika njengelizwe elinamandla, elichumileyo norhulumente worhulumente onamandla onamandla okwazi ukukhuthaza intlalo-ntle jikelele uqwalaselwe kakhulu, njengokuba impikiswano malunga nemiqathango kunye nokusetyenziswa kwalo mandla iyaqhubeka.
Ukufunda okungakumbi ngoAlexander Hamilton kunye nexesha lokusekwa, tyelela i [[FLT: 0] ithala leeKhomishini zika-Alexander Hamilton Phepha, hlola i Hamilton Grangean National Memorial [[ kwisiXeko saseNew York, funda okupheleleyo [[[FLT:]]] [[FLT]]] Iphepha , funda i-[FLT:] Faunders logcino logcino lwezinto zangaphakathi [[[FLT:]], okanye ndwendwesaiiiiiiiiiiiirn [[FLT:]][FLT]][FLD9]] ufunda ngolwalamano lwe-Hamilton [injinieie , kwaye unika ulwazi olunzulu lwamanyeneyo, kunye nolulawulo olude lusaleleka kuluntu, kunye nolu lwaseNtshonalika.