Imithetho yokulungisa ingulwanyana engabonakaliyo ebumba iimpawu nexabiso lengingqi ejikeleza iUnited States. Le mithetho karhulumente yasekuhlaleni ilawula oko kunokwenziwa apho, /na likhaya elinye leentsapho, isakhiwo sefrethi, ivenkile, okanye umzi. Ngoxa ukubopha kungathi sisixhobo solawulo esomileyo, impembelelo yayo kumaxabiso empahla, ukuququzelelana kwengingqi, kwanendlela yoluntu ebanzi. Kubanini-khaya, abathengi, abaza kubani, kunye nabatshayeli bezindlu, nokufumana ifam, ukuqonda okuyimfuneko ukwenza izigqibo zokuvakala malunga nendawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo yokutya.

Iyintoni Imithetho Engalawulekiyo?

Imithetho yokuzilolonga yimimiselo yemithetho eyenziwa ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni (ii-Association, irelishi, okanye iilokishi , `ukulawula ukuphuhliswa nokusetyenziswa komhlaba ekulawuleni kwawo. Le mithetho ivumela oomasipala babe ziingingqi ezahlukeneyo, ngalinye linemisebenzi evunyelweyo, imiqathango yokwakha, imida yoxinaniso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwaneemfuno ezisemthethweni. Isiseko esisemthethweni sokuhlala eUnited States sihleli kumandla amapolisa karhulumente, nto leyo evumela oorhulumente ukuba balawule impahla yabucala ukuze bakhusele impilo kawonke, ukhuseleko, nentlalo-ntle. Inkundla ephakamileyo yeNkundla i-UGelccle. [[FLT] v. Ambler Cocty.[FLD1]] [1926]]) ixhasa ubugronawarali be-omatilam, i-omatiko ye-Messal, ekwazi ukukhusela i-ogba i-omele ukukhusela i-ogba.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka indawo yokuhlala (iintsapho enye, intsapho eninzi), ezorhwebo, ezoshishino, kunye nezolimo. Iingingqi ezininzi ziquka imimandla edityanisiweyo, uphuhliso lweyunithi, kunye nemimandla edityanisiweyo elungiselelwe ukukhusela imbali okanye ukhuseleko lwemekobume. Udidi ngalunye lunemiqathango eqingqiweyo eneemfuno ze-$min encinci, imida encinci ukusuka kwimigca yempahla, umphakamo wolwakhiwo, umlinganiselo ophezulu wokwakhiwa kwemoto, kunye nemisebenzi evumelekileyo. Le mithetho idityaniswa kumthetho wasekuhlaleni owiswa kwimithetho ekwimbali ekhoyo kwaye ikhatshwa yimaphu ebonisa imida yesithili nganye.

Injongo Yemithetho Yokuzilolonga

Iinjongo eziphambili zemithetho yokuhlahlela ziye zavela kule nkulungwane idlulileyo, kodwa iinjongo ezingundoqo ezininzi aziguquki:

  • Ilizwe lisebenzisa uququzelo- Zoning ikhusela ukungahambelani kwemisebenzi efunyanwa ecaleni kwenye. Isityalo soshishino esikhulu akufunekanga sisebenze ecaleni kwesikolo, kwaye i-nightclub akufunekanga ihlale ngokumelene nesitrato esithuleyo. Ngokwahlula, inciphisa ungquzulwano kwaye ikhusela ubunjani bobomi.
  • [[NTL: 0] Ixabiso lokhuseleko - Isakhiwo esinyanzeliswe kakuhle siqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba omeleneyo awuwacimi amaxabiso empahla. Umzekelo, ukugcwaliswa komhlaba okanye indawo yokulahlela ingawathoba ngokuphawulekayo amaxabiso asekhaya akufutshane. Imiqathango yokuzingela inceda ukugcina uphawu kunye nokungafumaneki kwengingqi.
  • Impilo entle kunye nokhuseleko – imimiselo yokulungisa ithetha ngemilinganiselo yokwakha enjenge-ukhuseleko lomlilo, ugutyulo, kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Zikwaqinisekisa ukukhanya okwaneleyo, umoya, kunye nendawo evulekileyo. Imimandla engaphezulu ingathetha ngolawulo lwezikhukula okanye umngcipheko womlilo.
  • [ inkqubela-phambili ekhoyo--Indawo yangoku ibandakanya iinjongo zokusingqongileyo eziya zisanda, njengokunciphisa ukumilisela kwedolophu, ukugcina isithuba esiluhlaza, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lokuzaliswa kothutho, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwendlela yokuhamba. Ezinye izixeko zisebenzisa ikomparatimente ukubiza izithuthi zombane okanye uphahla oluluhlaza.

Ezi njongo zidibeneyo zikhokela imimandla ephathekayo kwaye zinceda oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bacebe ukukhula kwixesha elizayo. Xa becinga, ukuhlahlela kungenza iindawo ezichumileyo, ezisebenzayo nezinamandla. Xa zingenziwa kakuhle, zingakuphazamisa ukulingana, zithintele ukufumaneka kwezindlu, zize zithintele amathuba oqoqosho.

Indlela Imithetho Yokuzilolonga Ewachaphazela Ngayo Amaxabiso Ezinto

Imithetho yokuzimela ingaba nempembelelo ecacileyo neqhelekileyo kumaxabiso empahla. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo kunceda abanini-khaya nabatyali-mali bahlole ukuba isiphi isongwano okanye ukuhla kwepasile. Iinkqubo eziliqela ezingundoqo ziyadlala:

Ukunikezela ngemiqobo kunye nobunzima besantya

Ibeka imilinganiselo yobunzima benkqubela-phambili .enjengefuna ubuncinane bobukhulu obuncinane beendawo ezincinane okanye ekuthinteleni ukunikezelwa kwezindlu ezininzi zeentsapho.

Imvume yokusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu nokuziintlobo eziphezulu

Ixabiso lempahla libotshelelwe kumgangatho wayo ophezulu nongcono ekusetyenzisweni kwayo phantsi kwendawo yangoku. Ipasile elungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kwindlela exakekileyo ixabisa ngaphezu kommandla omnye kuphela owenzelwe amakhaya angenamiqobo, ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwempahla kuvelisa ingeniso ephezulu. Ngokufanayo, ukuphuhliswa kweentsapho ezininzi kungaxatyiswa ngaphezu komnye othintelweyo kwikhaya elinye, ekubeni iyakwazi ukuhla iiyunithi ezininzi. Ukuba indawo ihla (yenziwe imiqobo eninzi), ixabiso layo linokuncipha. Ngokuphikisana noko, ukunyuka kwemiqathango evumela ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kakhulu kunakho ukunyuka.

Ukusetyenziswa Okulungeleleneyo Nezintsebenziso

Iimpawu ezikufutshane neepaki, izikolo, izitishi, kunye namaziko ezorhwebo zisoloko zisiyalela amaxabiso aphezulu qha, kodwa kuphela ukuba indawo yokuthenga iqinisekisa ukuba ezo zinto ziyasetyenziswa iyavisisana. Isiziko sezorhwebo esitsala iitrafiki nengxolo singachaphazela kakubi amakhaya akufutshane ngaphandle kokuba sithintele isithintelo okanye iimfuno zokulungiswa kwemithi. Ukulungisa okugcina isithuba esivulekileyo kwaye kufuna izigcini-zigcini-mente eziluhlaza kuyanceda ekulondolozeni uxabiso oluphezulu.

Ukuzinza nokuxelwa kwangaphambili

Abathengi nababoleki bathelekisa ixabiso lokuthelekelela. Xa indawo ithe tye kwaye inyanzelekile, abanini-mpahla banentembelo yokuba uphawu lwempahla yommelwane aluzukutshintsha ngesiquphe. Olu luzinzo lunciphisa umngcipheko kwaye luxhasa amaxabiso empahla aphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imimandla apho indawo ehlala kuyo isoloko icelw'icinezelwa okanye indawo apho indawo ehlala kuyo iyenzeka isenokubona ujiko olungaphezulu.

Iziphumo Zokuzichaza

Ukuzingela kusenokuba neziphumo ezisusa amaxabiso epropati ngendlela engangqalanga. Ukuvalwa kweendawo ezinkulu, ukuvalwa kwemiqathango yemiqathango yokufumana, kunye nemida yobude obungqongqo idla ngokubiza imali engaphantsi kwezindlu ezifumana imali. Ngoxa oku kunokukhusela amaxabiso empahla yabanini-khaya abakhoyo ngexesha elifutshane, kungakhokelela ekungaxhamli kwezoqoqosho nakubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo, obuthi ekugqibeleni buchaphazele intengiso yehlabathi yelifa lenene.

Umzekelo wemeko: Minneapolis 2040

Ngo-2018, iMinneapolis yaba sisixeko sokuqala esingundoqo eUnited States ukuphelisa iintsapho enye kuphela ekwakheni izakhiwo, ivumela i-duplexes kunye nee-hitrans kwimimandla yonke ehlala abantu. Uhlolisiso lwe-Urban Institute lwafumanisa ukuba ngeli xesha inkqubo ithe yandisa inkqubela-phambili, yabangela inkxalabo malunga nokushenxiswa kwezinye iindawo. Ixesha elide, ukunyuka kwelizwe kulindeleke ekunyuseni amaxabiso aphakathi ngokunyuka kwezindlu. Lo mzekelo ubonisa indlela utshintsho olunokuba neziphumo ezintsonkothile, iziphumo zeminyaka emininzi kwimiba yempahla.

Iintlobo zemithetho yokuzibophelela

Imimiselo ejikajikayo ayibangelwanga yi-odoli. Iquka iindidi eziliqela zemithetho ethetha ngeinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba nokwakhiwa kwawo.

Sebenzisa i Zoing

Olu lolona hlobo lubalulekileyo, oluchaza ukuba yiyiphi imisebenzi evumelekileyo kwisithili ngasinye. Imisebenzi idla ngokuhlelwa njengevumelekileyo ngasekunene, ngemiqathango (ukufumana kwakhona imvume ekhethekileyo okanye ukuva), okanye ukuva okungavumelekanga. Iindidi zokusebenzisa eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • [[NTL:0] I-Resilite – enye idityanisiwe kwi R-1 (ikhaya elinye) R-2 (iintsapho ezimbini/iqela) R-3 (iintsapho ezinomphantsi) njalo njalo, nganye inemida yoxinano.
  • [[UMTHWELO: 0] Imali – iquka intengiso, iofisi, iivenkile zokutyela, iihotele, kunye nokuzonwabisa, nganye inemfuno yokupaka nokutyikitya.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-Idusutrium[[FLT] -1]-elula imizi yoshishino (izindlu zendlu, indibano) kunye nobunzima boshishino (ukwenza, ukulungiswa) ngokufuthi kwahlulwe ngamacandelo esigcini-mphantsi.
  • Agriculture – ukulondoloza umhlaba kunye nomda wenkqubela-phambili engeyoyo-farm.
  • [[UMTL:0] Usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo – uvumela indawo yokuhlala, ezorhwebo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iofisi kwisakhiwo okanye isithili esinye, ikhuthaza ummandla ohambayo.

I-Bulk kunye ne-Dimensional Zoning

Le mithetho ilawula uhlobo lwezakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Imigangatho engundoqo iquka:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ubungakanani obuncinci obubobona buncinci – imisela ukuba mangaphi amaqashiso anokwenziwa kwindawo, echaphazela uxinano lwento.
  • IMida [[FLT: 1] – ifunekayo ukusuka ngaphambili, ecaleni, nangasemva kwemigca yepropati ukuya kumgca wokwakha.
  • [[UMTHL:0] Umlinganiselo weFolare (FAR) - umlinganiselo wommandla womgangatho wonke kwindawo ebanzi, ucutha ubunzima besakhiwo.
  • [[UMTL:0] ubude obuninzi – ingalinganisela iimboniselo kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, ingakumbi ebalulekileyo kwimimandla yombindi wedolophu.
  • Ibhaso le-oyile – ipesenti yento eninzi enokugqunywa yimiphezulu engangenwa yiyo njengezakhiwo kunye neendlela zokuqhuba.

Yaleka ukujonga ngaphezulu

Imimandla engaphezulu yongeza iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo phezulu kwesiseko sokuhlala, ngokufuthi ukufikelela usukelo oluthile loluntu. Izalathiso eziqhelekileyo ziquka isithili esingokwembali (uphawu lokwakha), iindawo ezikhukulisiweyo (unyuko olunezakhiwo), ukuphuhliswa kohambo olukhawulezileyo (ubunzima obusondelelene nezitishi), kunye nesithili sokwenza ucwangciso lwezicwangciso (ukulungisa izinto, izixhobo, okanye ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo).

Ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi

Kunokuba kuchazwe ngokuchanileyo, ukubekwa kwemithetho yemisebenzi kumisela imilinganiselo yempembelelo enjengengxolo, itrafiki, umphunga, okanye ukukhanya. Ukuba inkqubela-phambili ecetyisiweyo iyakwazi ukufikelela kule miqobo, isenokuvunyelwa nokuba udidi lokusebenzisa luyahluka. Olu tshintsho lusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zoshishino kunye namaqela acwangcisiweyo.

Ikhowudi esekelwe kwifomu

Utshintsho olusuka kwisithethe sokusetyenziswa kweendawo, ukwenza ikhowudi esekelwe kwisiseko sesakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ezisemgangathweni ezisetyenziswayo. Zijolise ingqalelo kulwakhiwo, ubude, iplani, nendawo kawonke-wonke. Izixeko ezifana neMiami, iNashville, kunye neDenver zithathe imigaqo esekelwe kwisiseko sokwenza iziphumo ezithe ngqo nezisuka kubantu abahamba ngemigama.

Impembelelo Yokuzingela Kubamelwane

Ukuyila ilaphu lengingqi.

Imbumba yoLuntu nophawu

Ngokwahlula imisebenzi yokuhlala neyorhwebo, isithethe sokuhlala sidala iindawo zokuhlala ezizolileyo kodwa zisenokukhokelela ekuzinzeni okuzimeleyo kwemoto. Ukuxuba i-combing, kwelinye icala, kukhuthaza imimandla ehambayo apho abemi banokuhlala khona, basebenze, bathenge bekwindawo emfutshane. Ubuntu bengingqi yedolophu ekufuphi ne-/i-itraki ephithizelayo, okanye isithili sembali.

Ucwangciso

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa imvume yokuxela kwangaphambili imfuneko yeendlela, amanzi kunye nemigca egutyungelwa ngamanzi, izikolo, iipaki, kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko. Umzekelo, ummandla ovumela ukuphuhliswa kwemimandla ephezulu yokuhlala ubangela utyalo-mali ekuthuthweni nosetyenziso lukawonke-wonke. Xa kuhlanganiswa iiplani ezilungiselelwe ingqameko, uluntu lukhula ngokunempumelelo. Xa lungadibenekiyo, abamelwane bangajongana nezikolo ezixineneyo, iitrafiki, okanye iindleko ezidiyo ezidityaniswe ngeendleko.

Ubunjani bokusingqongileyo

Ukhuni lungakhusela ubuncwane bendalo ngokuthintela inkqubela-phambili kwiendawo ezinamanzi, iindawo ezingamathambeka, amathambeka, nendawo yokuhlala izilwanyana zasendle. Lukwakrola iziphumo zeziqithi ezishushu zasedolophini.

Ukulingana nokufikelela

Ngokwembali, ukusetyenziswa kweendawo njengesixhobo sokwahlula iindidi. Amasiko okuzilolonga alwalela ngokucacileyo iintlanga ezithile ukuba zihlale kwiindawo ezithile de iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaphelisa ukuhlaliswa kwezizwe ngo1917. Kodwa uqheliselo lokubhangisa lwaqhubeka kusetyenziswa ukuhlanganisa izoqoqosho: iimfuno ezinkulu, ukuvalwa kwezindlu zeentsapho ezininzi, kunye nommandla womgangatho omncinci ophantsi oya kuhluza ngokunempumelelo kwizindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi. Namhlanje, oomasipala abaninzi bangqubana nelifa lalemi kwaye bazama ukuqokelela intengiso, nto leyo efuna ipesenti yeeyunithi ezintsha ukuze zifikeleleke. Uzingcebo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha yemiqathango yokungalingani, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yayo yokuyila nokulawula.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokhuseleko

Nangona kungengonobangela ongqalileyo, ukuphembelela amaqondo olwaphulo-mthetho ngokungangqalanga ngokusebenzisa umhlaba. Abamelwane abasebenzisa izinto ezixubeneyo kunye nentengiso yomgangatho ophezulu wesitrato badla ngokufumana i- "amehlo asesitratweni," anokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amaqela ahlukeneyo ahlala kwiindawo ezinxulumaniswe kakhulu anokunyusa ukuchanabeka. Ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kwabahamba ngenqwelo-moya kunye nezithuba zikawonke wonke kunegalelo ekuboneni nasekukhuseleni kokwenene.

Iingxaki Nemibutho Engqonge Imithetho Ekhohlakeleyo

Nangona kuluncedo, ukuhlahlela kusoloko kugxekwa yaye kusiba nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo.

Ukuzihambela

Le yimbambano ethanda ukuxambulisana. Ukubeka umda iindidi zezindlu noxinano lwezikhundla kususa ngokunempumelelo iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi nephakathi. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi iintsapho enye kuphela ingumqhubi oyintloko wengxaki yesizwe yokunqongophala kwezindlu kunye noqoqosho. Amazwe anjenge-Oregon, California, kunye neWashington aphumeze imithetho yokugunyazisa i-duplexes kunye nezintathu kwimimandla eyayisakhelwe iintsapho enye, kodwa inkcaso yasekuhlaleni ihlala isomelele.

I-NIMBYism (Ayikho emqolo)

Abahlali abakhoyo basoloko bechasa uphuhliso olutsha, ingakumbi izakhiwo ezifikelelekayo, imisebenzi yeentsapho ezininzi, okanye amakhaya amaqela, bephikisa ukuba baza kulonakalisa amaxabiso empahla, ukwandisa iitrafiki, okanye ukutshintsha iimpawu zobume basekuhlaleni. Inkcaso ye-NIMBY inokuba libazizisa okanye ibulale imisebenzi, iqinise isimo sobume kunye nokunqongophala konikezelo.

Ulawulo olugqithisileyo

Ikhowudi yokuzilungisa ingasetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphambi kokubhalwa kwemipu. Umzekelo, ukumisa izithuba ezithile zokupaka kukwandisa amaxabiso olwakhiwo nokudibanisa uphuhliso lothutho. Obona buncinci bobungakanani bolwaleko buphazamisa ukukhula kwemipu emincinci. Abaxhasi abaninzi basedolobheni baxhasa ukukhutshwa kwemichiza ukuze kucelwe ubunzima nokusetyenziswa, kwimiqathango esisiseko yempilo kunye nesikhokelo sokhuseleko.

Ukunganyaniseki Kwezobupolitika

Ukubekwa kwezithuba kwenzeka xa ipasile ibhalwe kwakhona ukunceda umphuhlisi othile, ngokufuthi ngenxa yengcinezelo yezobupolitika okanye iminikelo yephulo. Oku kunciphisa ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kokuhlaliswa kwezakhiwo kwaye kusenokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okungangqinelaniyo. Iinkundla ezininzi zihlolisisa indawo ekuhlanganiswa kuyo kwaye zifuna ukuba isebenze injongo kawonke-wonke ecacileyo.

Okusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Uluntu olufumana imali ephantsi kunye noluntu olunemibala ephantsi lunokuhlaliswa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa koshishino, ukuchithwa komhlaba, umendo, kunye nezixhobo zokungcolisa. Olu hlanga lujongene neengozi zempilo kwimimandla ephantsi. Amaqela ohlanga anyanzelisa ngoku anyanzelela "ukungalungisi kwemithetho-mthetho yezentengiso" okuthintela ukungcoliswa kwezakhiwo ezintsha kwiindawo ezixinzelelweyo kwaye kufuna izivumelwano eziyingenelo kuluntu.

Indlela Yokwenza Uphando Ngemithetho Kwindawo Ohlala Kuyo

Enoba uthenga ikhaya, uceba ukuvuselela, okanye uqalisa ishishini, ukwazi imithetho esetyenziswayo kwisakhiwo. Nantsi indlela yokuqalisa:

  • Ukutyelela i-website yakho karhulumente yasekuhlaleni--inkoliso yezixeko kunye neendawo ezipapasha umthetho wazo olawulayo kunye nemaphu yokusebenza kwi-intanethi. Jonga kwisebe locwangciso, uphuhliso loluntu, okanye ukuhlanganisa.
  • Ukudibana nesebe lokucwangcisa – I-imeyili ekhawulezayo okanye umnxeba ungaphendula imibuzo malunga nemisebenzi evunyelweyo, iimfuno zothintelo, okanye iinguqu ezisengaphambili. Abasebenzi bokucwangcisa badla ngokunceda.
  • Check imaphu yendawo ekwakhiwe kuyo – Usebenzisa idilesi, chaza isithili sokuhlanganisa (umz. R1, C-2). Wandule ke ufunde icandelo elihambelanayo lomthetho ukwenzela imithetho ethile.
  • Intlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ezithe zathelekelelwa - ulungiselelo kunye nebhodi yeentlanganiso zolungiso zivuliwe kuwonke wonke kwaye zinika iwindow kwindlela izigqibo ezinokwenziwa ngayo. Uyakwazi ukuvakalisa inkxalabo ngotshintsho olucetyiweyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iingcali zeCult – abameli beendawo, amagqwetha asebenzisa umhlaba, kunye nabahloli belizwe basoloko benolwazi olunzulu lwasekuhlaleni. Inkampani yesihloko ingaquka ulwazi lokuhlanganiswa kwengxelo yepropati.
  • Sebenzisa icandelo lesithathu lobuncwane – ii-Website njenge iZiko lokuCela laseMelika inikela izikhokelo kunye nemisebenzi emihle. U.S. Isebe le House kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Urbacty likhupha uphando ngokuhlahlela nokuhlala.

Ukuthatha la manyathelo kuya kukunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wento evumelekileyo kwindawo ethile noko kunokwenzeka ngokutshintsha okanye ngokulungisa kwakhona.

Indlela Yokuphembelela Iinguqulelo Kuluntu Lwakho

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba imithetho yokubeka kufuneka itshintshe, okanye ivumele indawo yokuhlala engakumbi, ukukhusela imbali, okanye ukuvala inkqubela-phambili enganqwenelekiyo, kunezitrato zokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Funda Umqhubekeko

Umasipala ngamnye unenkqubo yokulungisa umthetho okanye imaphu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izicelo zihamba phambi kwekomishini yokucwangcisa ukuchongwa, kwangoko kwibhunga lesixeko okanye kwibhodi yephondo ukwenzela ivoti yokugqibela. Isaziso sikawonke-wonke siyafuneka, kwaye igalelo loluntu liyacelwa. Ukuqonda inyathelo lexesha kunye nabenzi besigqibo esingundoqo linyathelo lokuqala.

Yakha Imvo

Abamelwane, amaqela asekuhlaleni, amashishini asekuhlaleni nemibutho yorhwebo inokudibana ukuze ixhase okanye ixhase iinguqulelo ezikhoyo.

Sebenzisa Ugcino - lwazi Nobungqina

Isiphumo sobubhali sixhomekeke kwizibakala. Uphando lwempembelelo efanayo yokulungisa indawo kwenye indawo. Qaqambisa ugcino-lwazi ngeemfuno zezindlu, ufundo lwetrafiki, okanye iinzuzo zezoqoqosho. Iingxelo ezisuka ekucingeni iitanki njenge Brookings Institution[ okanye Iziko le-Urban [] zinganika ubungqina obuqinisekileyo.

Yiba Nabantu Abaphulaphulayo Uze Uthethe

Ukuchotshelwa kwetyala ngurhulumente okungundoqo ekungenelweni kwecandelo loluntu. Lungiselela inkcazelo emfutshane ebhekisa kumdla woluntu. Kuphephe ukuhlaselwa ngabantu. Nqanda ukucetywa.

Qwalasela Isenzo Sasemthethweni

Ukuba ukholelwa kwisigqibo sokwaphula umthetho okanye amalungelo empahla yakho, usenokuba nezizathu zokumangalelwa. Izimvo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukubekwa kwetyala, amalungelo afakiweyo, okanye ukuthatyathwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwentlawulo.

Ikamva Lokuzivelela: Imikhwa Notshintsho

Ukuzingela akumi ndawonye. Ngaphaya kwelizwe, oomasipala bazama utshintsho olujoliswe ekwenzeni uluntu lungafikeleleki, lungabi nakuthelekiswa nanto, lukwazi ukumelana notshintsho.

Izindlu Eziphakathi Eziphezulu Nezingekhoyo

Izixeko ezininzi zifuduka ukusuka kwindawo enye ekhethekileyo yeentsapho ukuvumela iintlobo zezindlu eziphakathi "ezingena phakathi" ezifana neduplexes, iihome, izindlu zedolophu, kunye nezakhiwo ezincinane zokuhlala. Ezi zakhiwo zilungelelaniswa kwimimandla ekhoyo kwaye zandisa ukhetho lwezindlu ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu. Amazwe anjengeKhalifoniya ne-Oregon aye akhulula imiqathango yasekuhlaleni ukugunyazisa ukuhla kweendawo ezithile.

Uphuhliso olugqithisiweyo (TOD)

Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwenqwelo-mafutha nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kothutho lukawonke-wonke, ulawulo oluninzi ludala amaqumrhu kufutshane nezitishi zokuthutha ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ukucuthwa kweemfuno zokupaka, kunye nemvume yokusebenzisa ezidityanisiweyo. I-TOD indawo yokwahlula amaxabiso ezinto jikelele kwizitishi ngeli xesha ixhasa usukelo lwemozulu.

Ikhowudi esekelwe kwifomu

Njengoko kuchaziwe, ikhowudi esekelwe kwikhowudi ecwangcisiweyo ibeka iziphumo ezithe ngqo, ikwenza kube lula ngabaphuhlisi ukuyila imisebenzi efanelana nokubona koluntu. Inciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwaye ikhawuleze ukuvuma.

Imozulu ithanda ukutshintsha

Ngokukhawuleza, ukusetyenziswa kweendawo kusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza ukhuthazo. Imizekelo iquka imfuneko yokulawula amanzi oqhwithela, ukuvalwa kolwakhiwo olutsha kwiindawo eziphezulu ezineziqu ze-oyile, kunye nokufakwa kwamandla okutsha. Ezinye izixeko ziye zamkela "iziqingatha" ezigunyazisa ukukhanyisa uphahla nemithi efuthayo.

Ukuqhaqhamba

Ngaphezu kwama-800 alawula e-U.S. ngoku anemigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlanganisa efuna okanye engenisa abaphuhlisi ukuquka iiyunithi ezinokufikeleleka kwimisebenzi yentengiso. Ngelixesha impikiswano phakathi kwabakhi, le migaqo inokubanceda ukwenza imimandla edityanisiweyo yengeniso.

Imvume eMgaqo-siseko kunye noPhuhliso oluQinisekileyo

Ukulungisa ukunqongophala kwezindlu, ezinye iindawo zinciphisa uhlolo oluchanekileyo ngokwenza iintlobo ezithile zezindlu (ukuthetha ukuba akukho mvume ikhethekileyo efunekayo). Oku kunyusa isantya solwakhiwo nokunciphisa iindleko, nangona kunganciphisa igalelo loluntu.

Isiphelo

Imithetho yokuqesha ingaphezulu kakhulu kunezixhobo zobugcisa obuphezulu .Isixhobo esinamandla esibumba ukubukeka, ukuva, kunye nexabiso lengingqi. Nokuba ungumnini-khaya ozama ukugcina ixabiso lempahla yakho, umqeshi ofuna ukufumaneka, okanye umgcini-mali ohlola inkqubela-phambili, ukuqonda i-Gontarathi kunika isibane esibalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo zolwazi. Njengoko abantu bejongene nocelomngeni lokufikelela kwezindlu, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokuhlala kakuhle kwebutho labantu kuza kuqhubeka kuguquka. Ukuhlala uthengiselwa kwimicimbiso yocwangciso lwasekuhlaleni kuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lakho liyinxalenye yencoko eyakha imimandla yakusasa.