Ukuqonda Isiseko Sasemthethweni Sonyulo Lwasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lwengingqi lwenza ulawulo lwengingqi, kodwa isiseko sawo esisemthethweni sisoloko sityeshelwa. Imithetho elawulayo enokubandakanywa yivoti, enokubaleka isikhundla, nendlela amaphulo aqhutywa ngayo ngokwahlukeneyo ngegunya kodwa abelane ngeenjongo ezifanayo: okusesikweni, ukubonakala, nokuthembeka. Eli nqaku liphula imithetho engundoqo esisiseko ebumba unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, linika ukhokelo olucacileyo kubavoti nabaza kufuna ukubhaptizwa ngokufanayo.

Enoba ufaka ifomu yokuvota okanye ucinga ngokubalekela ibhunga lesixeko, ibhodi yesikolo, okanye ikhomishini yengingqi, ukwazi umthetho kukunceda uqhube le nkqubo ngentembelo. Ukusuka kubuchule bokuvota nokubhalisa ufikelele kwimida yemali epheleleyo kunye nemida yemali yephulo, iprojekthi nganye yenzelwe ukukhusela inkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Imfuno zokwamkeleka kunye neemfuno zobhaliso

Lonke unyulo lwasekuhlaleni luqala ngomvoti. Noko ke, asinguye wonke ummi ozimelayo ofanelekileyo. Imithetho esemthethweni imisela imigaqo ecacileyo egqiba ukuba ngubani oza kuvota kukhuphiswano lwasekuhlaleni.

Ubudala Nobumi

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ifunekayo kukuba mdala. Phantse kuwo onke amagunya, abavoti kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-18 ubuncinane ngeminyaka okanye phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ukuba ngummi yenye imfuneko yehlabathi lonke (* kuphela abemi base-U.S. bangavota kurhulumente, kurhulumente, nakukhetho lwasekuhlaleni. Ezinye iindawo zivumela abantu abangengobemi abaqhelekileyo ukuba bavote kunyulo oluthile lukamasipala (umz., ibhunga lesikolo okanye ibhunga lebhunga lesixeko), kodwa oku kunqabile kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimithetho ethile yasekuhlaleni.

Iimfuno Zokuhlala Uhleli

Ivoter kufuneka zihlale kwimida yengingqi yonyulo. Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna ixesha elincinci lokuhlala ngezantsi kweentsuku ezingama-30 (phambi konyulo.) Oku kuthintela ukuhamba imizuzu emincinane yokugqibela kujoliswe ekuphembeleleni ugqatso. Abahambi abahambayo phakathi kwelizwe elinye kufuneka bahlaziye ubhaliso lwabo ngaphambi kwexesha lokubhaliswa.

Amanye amaphondo amisela iimfuno zokuhlala ixesha elide kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, iNgqungquthela yesiZwe yomthetho weSizwe iphawula ukuba amazwe athile afuna iintsuku ezingama-30 zokuhlala kwibala phambi kokuvota.

Ubhaliso lweVoter

Ubhaliso yinkqubo esesikweni apho umvoti wongezwa khona kwiiroli ezisemthethweni. Uninzi lwamazwe lunika i-intanethi, iposi, kunye neenketho zobhaliso. Iilayini ezifileyo zahluka ngokubanzi(amazwe athile afuna ukubhaliswa ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo, ngelixa amanye enikela ubhaliso olufanayo. Amavoter kufuneka aqinisekise ukubhalisa kwawo phambi kwalo naluphi na unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, njengoko iimpazamo okanye iimpazamo zingaphumela ekubeni zijikwe kude kuvolo.

Iivoti ezilungiselelweyo zisoloko zifumaneka kubavoti abanokukwazi ukuvota. Ezi voti zibalwa kuphela emva kokuba iimfaneleko zovoti ziqinisekiswe ngamagosa onyulo, enika umnatha wokhuseleko kwabo banemibandela yokubhalisa.

Imithetho Yophawu

Iimfuno ze-ID yefoto kwiindawo zokuvota ziye zaba ngumba ongundoqo womthetho kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Imithetho yahlukile kakhulu ngokorhulumente. Amanye amazwe afuna i-ID karhulumente efakelwe iifoto (iphepha-mvume lomqhubi, ipasi yokundwendwela, njl.njl.), ngoxa amanye emkela amaxwebhu angangeni rhoxi njengetyala lezemali okanye iingxelo zebhanki.

Ukuba umvoti ufika ngaphandle kwe-ID eyamkelekileyo, uninzi lwamazwe alawulayo avumela ukuba bakhuphe ibhola yokuvota elungiselelweyo. Ngoko, umvoti angafuneka ukuba abuye nolwazi olufanelekileyo ngeentsuku ezimbalwa ukuze umvoti abale. Le nkqubo igunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni ukuthintela ukuqhatha ngoxa ikhusela unikezelo kwibhoti.

Ibalulekile: Imisebenzi enesiphene, ukungafuni ukufotwa, okanye ubunzima obuthile bezoqoqosho bungakhululwa kwimithetho ye-ID engqongqo kwezinye iindawo. Ngamaxesha onke jongana nogunya lonyulo lwengingqi yakho kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-ID ezamkelekileyo kunye nazo naziphi na iindlela ezizezinye.

Ukungasamkeli Nokuqalisa Ukusebenza

Asinguye wonke umntu onokuzivota ngoSuku Lonyulo. Ukuvumela abavoti abahambahambayo, abagulayo, abakhonza emkhosini, okanye abakhetha nje ukunceda, imithetho yonyulo yasekuhlaleni inikela ezinye iindlela.

Ukuthunyelwa

Uvota lwe-boxee uvumela umvoti ukuba afake ivoti ngeposi phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Amanye amazwana afuna ingxengxezo (njengokuba engaphandle kwedolophu okanye enesiphene), ngelixa abanye bevumela ukuba ingabikho ivoti. Imigca efileyo xa ucela ibhoti yokubhalisa ingekho iyanyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo, ngokunjalo iintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezili-14 ngaphambi konyulo.

Xa sele ifunyenwe, ivoti yokuvota kufuneka ibuyiselwe ngeposi okanye ngomntu phambi kokuba uvotelo luphele ngoSuku lokhetho. Amanye amazwe afuna iibhola eziphumileyo eziphunyeziweyo ukuba zibhalwe ngoSuku lokhetho kwaye zifumaneke kwientsuku ezimbalwa emva koko. Iibhola ezithe zamva azibalwa.

Ukuvoloza Kwasekuqaleni

Ngoku amaphondo amaninzi anikela amaxesha okuvota angaphambili ukususela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Oku kunciphisa imigca kwaye kunika abavoti ububhetyebhetye obungakumbi. Iindawo zingabekwa phakathi (umz., iofisi yonyulo yengingqi) okanye zisasazwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Imithetho yokuvota yangaphambili ichaza iiyure, iindawo, kunye neenkqubo, ezimele zipapashwe ngamagosa onyulo.

Imithetho Neemfuno Zokuba Ngumxhasi

Ukubaleka iofisi yasekuhlaleni kumsebenzi onzulu osemthethweni. Abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka bahlangabezane nemigaqo efuna ukufezekiswa, amaphepha efayile, kwaye bathobele imimiselo yephulo. Ukusilela ukwenza oko kungaphumela ekususweni okanye ekugwetyweni komthetho.

Ubuchule obusisiseko be-ofisi yasekuhlaleni

Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna abathathi-nxaxheba

  • Ubuncinane baneminyaka eli - 18 ubudala (ezinye iiofisi, njengesodolophu okanye ilungu lebhunga, zisenokuba nomlinganiselo ophezulu weminyaka, umzekelo, 21 okanye 25).
  • Ummi waseUnited States.
  • Ummi wesithili kangangexesha elichaziweyo (ngokufuthi unyaka omnye okanye ngaphezulu).
  • ivoti ebhalisiweyo kulawulo.

Iiofisi ezithile, njengebhodi yesikolo okanye umalathisi wesithili samanzi, zisenokuba neemfaneleko ezongezelelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, abo bakwiofisi yezomthetho kufuneka basoloko benikwe imvume yokulawula.

Unyuso kunye nokujika

Indlela yebhola yoshicilelo iqala ngokufaka amaphepha okufakela amafashoni. La maxwebhu afuna ubuncinane benani lotyikityo olusuka kubavoti ababhalisiweyo kwisithili. Utyikityo lumiselwe ngumthetho ($snamess, kwaye umbhaptizi akaqinisekiswanga. Amaphepha okufakela amantokazi kufuneka athunyelwe ngommiselo ongqongqo, oqhelekileyo iiveki phambi konyulo oluphambili.

Iintlawulo zokubhatala ziqhelekile kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Le mirhumo inceda ukuhlangabezana neendleko zolawulo. Kwamanye amazwe, abatshateli banokufaka isicelo esisemrhumweni ukuba abakwazi ukuyifumana. Yonke inkcitho nezicelo zilawulwa ngumthetho okanye umthetho wasekuhlaleni.

Imvelaphi Neemeko Ezingaqhelekanga

Asinguye wonke umntu onako ukuba neofisi yasekuhlaleni. Imiqathango engokwasemthethweni ithintela abantu abathile ukuba babaleke:

  • Iinkolelo zobunyani: Amatyala amaninzi ayalela abantu abagwetyelwe ukuvalelwa kwisikhundla sikawonke-wonke. Amanye avumela ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo emva kokugqitywa kwesigwebo, ngoxa amanye ewavala ngokusisigxina amatyala athile (umz., ukuqhatha konyuso, ukunyoba).
  • Imilinganiselo yokungalingani: Ezinye iindawo zimisela imida kwii-ofisi njenge-odola okanye ilungu lebhunga, zithintele abantu ukuba bangaqhubeki ukuba sele belungiselele inani eliphezulu lamanani.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Confusion yenzala: Abantu abanezinye ii-ofisi zikawonke-wonke (umz. umqeshwa wengingqi osebenzela ibhunga lesixeko) bangangafaneleki ukuphepha ingxabano. Imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yasekuhlaleni ichaza ezi zithintelo.
  • Ukumisela- ukuya kubhatala imithetho: Kweminye imibutho, abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke kufuneka barhoxe kwisikhundla sabo sangoku phambi kokuqokelela enye iofisi enyuliweyo. Oku kuthintela ukusebenzisa umsebenzi kawonke-wonke ukufumana uncedo olungalunganga.

[[UMTHETHO: 0] Iqumrhu lolwazi lomthetho-mthetho linika ushwankathelo lwemida yemithetho yokwamkelwa.

Imithetho yeMali neyoMbutho

Imali kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni ilawulwa kakhulu. Injongo kukukhusela urhwaphilizo, ukulinganisela impembelelo yabaniki-mali abaninzi, nokuqinisekisa ukuba bayakwazi ukubhabha. Abaququzeleli kufuneka basebenzise uludwe lwemithetho eyahluka-hlukeneyo ngokorhulumente kwanangokokuba ngumasipala.

Imida Yegalelo

Inkoliso yemiqathango emiselwe ikomiti yezopolitiko, yezenzo ze-Phondo (PAC), okanye umbutho onokunikela kumntu oza kubhalisa. Imida ingasebenza ngomjikelo wonyulo ngamnye okanye ngonyaka ngamnye wekhalenda. Umzekelo, isixeko sisenokufaka igalelo ku-R3,50 umntu ngamnye kwibhunga lesixeko. Amanye amagunya akwalela ukurhwaqelela okanye ukubonelela ngokupheleleyo kwimali yequmrhu.

Imithetho ikwathintela iminikelo yemali ngaphezulu kwemali ethile (ngokufuthi i-R100) kwaye ifuna ukuba yonke iminikelo ikhutshwe.

Iingxelo zemali ezingezizo

Abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka babhale iingxelo zabo zexesha elithile zidwelise iminikelo yabo yephulo nenkcitho. Ezi ngxelo ziingxelo zikawonke-wonke kwaye zidla ngokubekwa kwigunya lonyulo okanye kwisebe lemigaqo-siseko. Imigca efileyo yokuqokelela iyahluka-hluka/inye ifuna iingxelo zonyulo lwangaphambi konyulo, iingxelo zonyulo lwasemva, kunye neengxelo zonyaka.

Ukungaphumeleli ukungenisa iifayile ngexesha kungaphumela kwintlawulo okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukususwa kwevoti. Imfuneko yoluntu isebenza njengovavanyo lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali.

Iinguqu ezizimeleyo

Amaqela angaphandle, anjenge PACs okanye imibutho engafumani ngeniso, ingachitha imali ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa umbhaptizi logama nje engadibani nephulo. Ezi ndleko zizimeleyo kufuneka zixelwe kwakhona. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi- iSiqhelanisi se-United Union v. FEC [2010] [2010] ivumele ukusetyenziswa ngokuzimeleyo ngokweziko ngemibutho nangemibutho, kodwa amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho yawo yokuchaza iziphumo ezichaphaze kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

IKhomishini yoNhlolo-luHlu ichaza intsingiselo ye ... ... ... United yemali yephulo.

Imikhwa Yephulo Nemiqathango Esemthethweni

Ngaphandle kwemali, umthetho ulawula oko abo baza kubhatala banokukuthetha noko banokukwenza kwiphulo.

Ukubhaka-bhaka kwiMisebenzi kaRhulumente

Imithetho yonyulo yasekuhlaleni isoloko ithintela ukubhengezwa kwendawo yokuvota. “indawo ekhululekileyo yecampaign” idla ngokusekwa kumgama othile (umz. iinyawo ezilishumi) ukusuka ekungeneni ukuya kwisikhululo sokuvota. Kulo mmandla, akukho miqondiso, zandla, okanye ukucela amazwi okuvunyelwa. Oku kuthintela ukuvota nokuqinisekisa ucwangco.

Ezinye izikhululo zikwathintela ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso yephulo kwipropati kawonke-wonke, kuquka amalungelo endlela, iipaki, kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente.

Izenzo Ezigqwethekileyo

Izenzo eziliqela azikho mthethweni nakoluphi na unyulo lwasekuhlaleni:

  • [[UMTHL:0] Ukuthenga ngokungxama: ukunikezela ngemali, izipho, okanye uncedo ukutshintshisa ngevoti kukuzityala.
  • Ukuvuna ibhalthi: Kumazwe amaninzi, ingqokelela yesithathu yenxenye kunye nokubuya kwevoloti ezingekhoyo kuthintelwe okanye kungekho mthethweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ulwahlulo: ngokuxoka luzibanga luvunywa liqela okanye umbutho, okanye amagosa onyulo, ayalelwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umahluko: oqinisekisa abavoti, ophazamiso ngomatshini bokuvota, okanye otshabalalisayo ibhola zohlwaywa kakhulu.

Abo basebenzisa ibhaso bazenza izinto ezikhohlisayo — njengokuthumela iiposi ezilahlekisayo ezibonakala zivela kurhulumente — basenokufumana izigwebo zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Imisebenzi yosuku lokhetho kunye nolawulo olusemthethweni

NgoSuku lokhetho, umgaqo onzima osemthethweni uqinisekisa ukuba ukuvota kuqhubeke kakuhle. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngemposiso baqeqeshelwa ukunyanzelisa imithetho emalunga nokuzichaza kovoti, ukuphatha i-colot, nemida yengingqi.

Imisebenzi Yokusebenza Kwendawo Yokugrogrisa

Ibala ngalinye kufuneka limisele izitishi zokhetho ezifikelelekayo kubavoti abaneziphene. Umthetho womanyano phantsi koMthetho Wokuncedisa iMelika Vote (HAVA) ugunyazisa ukuba indawo nganye yokuvota inomatshini wokuvota omnye ubuncinane ofikelelekayo.

Abagwebi bokhetho (ababizwa ngokuba ngabasebenzi bokuvota) batyikitya i-affidavits ukuphakamisa imithetho yonyulo. Banembopheleleko yokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kovoti, ukukhupha iivoti, kunye nokugcina ucwangco. Kufuneka baphinde baqinisekise ukuba akukho phulo likhoyo ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nendawo yokuvota.

Bala Imibala

Emva kokugqiba, amavote abalwa ngamagosa onyulo. Iiprojekthi zokubala, ubalo, kunye nokuqinisekisa iziphumo zisekwa ngumthetho. Kwintlanga ezikufuphi, ingxelo ezenzekelayo ingaqaliswa ukuba umda woloyiso ungaphantsi komnyango ochaziweyo ngokusemthethweni (umz. 0.5% wamavoti arhoxiweyo).

Inkqubo yokucambalala iseyile ngezantsi. Ukugquma isalathisi somthetho kunye nesiqinisekiso seziphumo − lilo elilawulwa yimida engqongqo. Nayiphina imingxube okanye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kufuneka ziphengululwe. I-Candidate kunye nabavoti bangacela imingeni yokufota okanye yefayile ngexesha lelaphu leseyile.

Isisombululo Sokungavisisani Nezicombululo Ezisemthethweni

Xa kuvela iimbambano ngokuzimela, ukufaneleka komvoti, okanye iziphumo zonyulo, kubakho iindlela ezisemthethweni zokuzicombulula.

Imibutho yokhetho

Umnyulo okholelwa ukuba unyulo lonakaliswa kukuqhatha, ukuvota okungekho mthethweni, okanye iimpazamo zingafakela ukhuphiswano lonyulo enkundleni. Izibongozo kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwefestile emfutshane iintsuku ezilishumi ukuya kwezingama-30 emva konyulo. Inkundla ingayalela ukuba irekhodi, ingabi namsebenzi, okanye ide ingakwazi ukubhalisa umvotisi ukuba oko kungachaphazeleki kwisiphumo.

Izinto ezibangela ukuba kukhutshelwe unyulo ziquka:

  • Uvoto olungekho mthethweni (umz., olungengomkhokeli uphosa iibholathi)
  • Ukuziphatha okuphosakeleyo kwamagosa onyulo
  • Ukuphazamisa okanye ukubala iimpazamo
  • Ukungathobeli imithetho yezemali echaphazela iziphumo

Iingxaki Zokuba Nobuchule Bokufunda

Abavumi okanye abo bachasayo basenokucel ’ umngeni ukuba unyulo lungamkelwa phambi konyulo. Le mingeni idla ngokuviwa yibhodi yonyulo yasekuhlaleni okanye yinkundla. Izindululo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukungafikeleli kwiimfuno zokuhlala okanye zobudala, ukungagunyaziswa komtyunjwa, okanye ukugwetywa kwezaphuli-mthetho okubonisa ukuba unyanisile.

Ukuba ucelomngeni luphumelele, umvoteli uyasuswa kwivoti. Ukuba ucelomngeni luyenzeka emva konyulo, umlandeli ophumeleleyo angasuswa eofisini.

Ukunyanzelwa ziiKhomishini zoNnyulo

Iikomishini zonyulo okanye iibhodi zonyulo lwengingqi zonyulo zongamela imithetho yonyulo. Zinegunya lokuphanda izikhalazo, ukukhupha imbambano, nokumisela izigwebo zolawulo.

Amazwe amaninzi anikela ingcebiso ngemiqathango okanye nge - Internet.

Ityala Lokwaphula Imithetho Yokhetho

Ukuphulwa komthetho wokhetho kunemiphumo enzulu.

  • [[UMTL:0] Iziphotho ezincinci, ezifana nokungaphumeleli ukushicilela ingxelo yotyhilo ngexesha, zingaphumela kwimali ye-R3,50 ukuya ku-R3,50 ngemini de ingxelo igcinwe.
  • Ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi: Umlandeli ophula imithetho yezemali angangafaneleki kwikhampu okanye asuswe eofisini ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lufunyaniswe emva konyulo.
  • Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho olubi: Ityala elingaqhelekanga njengokuthenga, ukuqhatha, okanye ukoyikisa umvoti linokukhokelela ekuvalweni, ngokufuthi ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu. Ukungalawuleki kophawu olungekho mthethweni) luthwala izigwebo ezilula.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukungabikho kwamalungelo okuvota: Kwamanye amazwe, abantu abagwetyelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho lonyulo bangaphulukana nelungelo lokuvota ngokusisigxina okanye ixesha elimisiweyo.

Amaqumrhu okhetho nabatshutshisi baqinisekisa ukuba le mithetho igcinwa ngokunempumelelo ukuze kugcinwe uluntu luyithemba. ISebe leSigqibo soMgwebo we-U.S. lihlola kwaye limangalela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezinyulo, lo gama amagunya karhulumente kunye nawasekuhlaleni esingatha ulwaphulo oluninzi lonyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi Nombutho

Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwemithetho yonyulo yasekuhlaleni, abavoti nabatshati-nxaxheba bafanele bathathe amanyathelo okuzigcina befundile.

  • Khangela i-website yonyulo lwenu lomntu onegunya lakho ukuba imisele, imiqathango, neefomu.
  • Intlanganiso zolwamkelo olubekho zinikezelwe ziiofisi ezininzi zonyulo lwengingqi.
  • Xela igqwetha elinobuchule kumthetho wonyulo ukuba unemibuzo ngokufaneleka kwemali, iphulo lezemali okanye iinkqubo zokunyulwa.
  • Zibophelele ekuhlaziyeni kwimibutho engeyoyapartistan elandela utshintsho lomthetho wonyulo, olunjengeNgqungquthela yesizwe yemithetho yeSizwe.

Ukuqonda imithetho esemthethweni yonyulo lwasekuhlaleni akubhekiseli nje ekuthotyeni, kodwa kukukhusela ingqibelelo yenkqubo yedemokhrasi. Xa abavoti nabavoti bewazi umthetho, bathatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwaye bancede ukuqinisekisa ukuba lonke unyulo lulungile, lucace gca, kwaye lusemthethweni.