Oorhulumente baseka isiseko sobomi bemihla ngemihla baseMerika, benikela ingqalelo enkulu yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo esoloko isetyenziswa emva kwembonakalo. Ukususela kwixesha umntwana ethatha inyathelo lokuya kuduladula wesikolo ukuya kukhuseleko lobusuku olulungiselelwe ngumthetho, ezi nkonzo zibalulekile kukhuseleko lwethu, impilo, nempumelelo. Ngoxa amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni afana ne-IRS okanye iCDC ngokufuthi enikela ingqalelo engakumbi, lumgangatho wemeko karhulumente ochaphazela ngqo imoto yakho, umgangatho wemfundo yomntwana wakho, nomgangatho womoya owuphefumlayo. Eli nqaku linikela ukujonga okuntsonkothile kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo oxhomekeke kuzo yonke imihla, ukubaluleka kwazo, nomsebenzi osoloko uwenza kakuhle. Ukuqonda ezi nkonzo akukukhuthanga nje ukukhuthaza ukubonakalisa uxabiso oluninzi kodwa kwakhona ukuphumelela kwakho ngobuchule kwezo zingqinezo zelizwe.

Iinkonzo zemfundo

Imfundo mhlawumbi yeyona nkonzo karhulumente ibonakalayo nenamava kuyo yonke indawo. Oorhulumente bakarhulumente, kungekhona urhulumente worhulumente, banembopheleleko ephambili yokusebenzisa i-struct, ukuxhasa nokunyamekela imfundo kawonke wonke ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukulungiselela abafundi ithuba elilinganayo nokulungiselela ubomi obunemveliso, kwaye ichaphazela phantse yonke imizi ekwimo ethile.

Ulawulo

Isiseko seenkonzo zemfundo zikarhulumente luthungelwano lwezikolo zikawonke-wonke, eziphakathi, neziphakamileyo. Oorhulumente bamisela imigangatho yokufundisa, balungiselela uvavanyo olusezantsi (njenge-SAT okanye uhlolo olucacileyo lukarhulumente), kunye nenkxaso-mali ngemigaqo entsonkothileyo. Kwakhona balawula amaphondo esikolo, beqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho karhulumente kwimigangatho yeklasi, imigaqo-siseko yokhuseleko, kunye neemfaneleko zomfundisi. Xa uthumela umntwana wakho kwisikolo sikawonke wonke, usebenzisa ngokungqalileyo inkonzo egunyaziweyo, exhaswayo, nelawulwa ngurhulumente wakho.

Imfundo ePhakamileyo kunye neeKoleji zoLuntu

Oorhulumente basebenzisa iinkqubo ezinkulu zeeyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke kunye neekholeji zoluntu. La macandelo anika iindlela ezinokufikeleleka ukuya kumaqondo, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, kunye nenkqubela yomsebenzi. Iinkonzo ziquka kungekuphela nje imfundo yemfundo kodwa kwanenkqubo yoncedo lwemali, njengemfundo yemali karhulumente kwaye inika (umz., iHerepy Helshipship eGeorgia okanye eCal Grant eCalifornia). Iikholeji zoluntu, ngokukodwa, zinikela uqeqesho lwasemsebenzini kunye nemfundo yabantu abadala, zizenza isixhobo esinenkcaso sokuqhuba uqoqosholo lwemali kwiphondo.

Imfundo Ekhethekileyo neeNkonzo zeNkxaso

Oorhulumente banembopheleleko yokuzalisekisa imithetho karhulumente efana ne-Asterence With Diculture Education Act (IDEA). Oku kuguqulela kwiinkonzo ezingqalileyo kubantwana abaneziphene, kuquka iinkqubo zemfundo ezizimeleyo (IEP), unyango lokuthetha, unyango lonyango lwempatho, kunye nenkxaso yeklasi ekhethekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, amazwe amaninzi anika iinkqubo zabafundi abanobuchule, abafundi besiNgesi, kunye nolutsha olunolwazi oluneemfuno zemfundo, eqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zemfundo ezahlukeneyo ziyahlangatyelelwa.

Uqeqesho loMfundisi noPhuhliso loLuntu

Ukulondoloza imfundo esemgangathweni, amazwana ajonge ukuvalwa kwezatifiketi kunye nokufakwa kwemiqathango yabo bonke abafundisi-mfundo besikolo sikarhulumente. Oku kuquka ukumisela iimfuno zamaqondo omphakamo ophezulu, ukudlula amavavanyo afana nePraxis, kunye nokugqiba inkqubela-phambili yemfundo eqhubekayo. Amasebe emfundo karhulumente akwaphatha izenzo zoqeqesho kunye nokunqongophala koqeqesho lwamagxamente ukuchaza izigqibo zenkqubo.

Iinkonzo zothutho

Qho xa uqhuba kuhola wendlela, kwibhasi, okanye uhlaziya ilayisensi yomqhubi wakho, unxulumana neenkonzo zothutho zikarhulumente. Ezi nkqubo zibalulekile kumsebenzi wezoqoqosho, izithuthi zemihla ngemihla, kunye nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Isebe lezothutho (i-DOT) lorhulumente lilawula uthungelwano olukhulu lwezengqaleko olubalulekileyo kubomi banamhlanje.

Indlela Nogcino - ndlela Oluphezulu

Oorhulumente banomthwalo oyintloko wokulondoloza uthungelwano lwamazwe, iindlela zelizwe, kunye nezona ndlela zikhulu ze-artrial kwimida yabo. Oku kuquka ukulima ikhephu, ukulungisa imigodi, ukuhlolwa kwebrorho, nokusayina. Imali exhasayo ifumaneka kakhulu kwiirhafu zepetroli, iindleko zokubhalisa imoto, kunye nemali yorhulumente. Ngaphandle kwezi nkonzo, ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla nabantu kungabangela ukuba ume, uphazamise uqoqosho nohambo lwakho lwemihla ngemihla.

Inkqubo yodluliselo lukawonke-wonke

Urhulumente omninzi usebenza okanye ubeka uduladula kawonke-wonke, iziporo ezilula, kunye neenkqubo zoololiwe abahambayo. Imisebenzi efana neNew York MTA okanye iSebe lezothutho leKhalifoniya ilawula ezi ntlanganiso. Ezi nkonzo zinika intsebenziswano ebalulekileyo kwizigidi ezingenazo iinqwelo-mafutha, ezinciphisa ukuxinana kweenqwelo-mafutha, kunye neziphumo ezisezantsi zemekobume. Ukuhamba kukawonke-wonke kungumsebenzi ongundoqo worhulumente oxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ubomi basedolophini nasedolophini.

Ukubhalisa umqhubi kunye nobhaliso lweVhicle

Amazwe asebenzisa zonke ii-ikhweri zokubhalisa kunye nokubhalisa iimoto ngomaziko afana neSebe le-Mor Vehicles (DMV) okanye uNobhala weeofisi zeRhulumente. Oku kuquka iimvavanyo ezibhaliweyo nezibhaliweyo kunye nendlela zee-drives ezintsha, ukuhlaziywa kwephepha-mvume, ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi, nokuphinda kuqaliswe. Ezi nkonzo ziqinisekisa ukuba ngabantu abafanelekayo kuphela abasebenzisa iimoto, nazo zonke iimoto zifakwe kakuhle kwaye zifunyaniswe, ezi lilungu elibalulekileyo lokhuseleko noqokelelo lwemali kawonke-wonke-wonke.

Ukhuseleko Lomjelo-nkqubo

Urhulumente uxhasa kwaye uqhuba iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwendlela, kuquka iinqwelo-mafutha ezijikelezayo, iindawo zokuhlola i-DUI, namaphulo okulumkisa uluntu ngokubanzi (umz. "Chofoza okanye uTshabalaliso"). Bakwaqokelela idata yokungqubana, ukunyanzelisa imithetho yebhanti, nokulawula isantya kwiindlela zikarhulumente. Le migudu ibotshelelwe ngqo ukunciphisa intlekele yezithuthi nokwenzakala, izenze zibe yinkonzo yemo yokusindisa ubomi.

ISebe loKhuseleko lwezeNyolo

Oorhulumente bangabadlali abaphambili kwinkqubo yonyango, ukulungiselela iinkonzo ezingqalileyo, iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali, kunye nokulawula izibonelelo. Enoba ungumguli, umgcini-mdla, okanye umhlawula irhafu, uphenjelelwa ziinkqubo neenkqubo zonyango lwesizwe.

Iinkqubo ze-Medicaid ne-inshorensi yempilo

Inkqubo yeMedicaid ixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente worhulumente norhulumente kodwa ilawulwa kumgangatho karhulumente. Ezo mazwe zimisela imilinganiselo yokungalingani (nazo imigaqo karhulumente), imisela intlawulo yemali yoogqirha nezibhedlele, kwaye ilawula imisebenzi yemini yonke. Le nkqubo inika inkxalabo yempilo kubantu abadala abafumana imali ephantsi, abantwana, amabhinqa akhulelweyo, asebekhulile, nabantu abaneziphene. Ukongeza, amaphondo amaninzi asebenzisa ii-inshorensislarensi zawo zonyango phantsi koMthetho we-Afforda Carence, enikela ngemiqathango yempilo yabantu abadala, abantwana, amabhinqa, akhulelwe, asebe abakhulile, abaneziphene, kunye nabantu abaneziphene.

ISebe lezeMpilo kaRhulumente

Isebe lombuso kunye nezonyango lwasekuhlaleni likwindawo ephambili kwimpilo yoluntu. Linikela ugonyo, ukuhlolwa kwezifo, imfundo yempilo, kunye nophando oluqhambukayo. La masebe akwalawula iingxelo ezibalulekileyo (ukuzalwa neziqinisekiso zokufa), ukuhlola iivenkile zokutyela kunye nezibonelelo zokutya, kwaye aphendule kwiingxaki zempilo kawonke-wonke ezifana nezifo okanye ukungcoliswa kwemekobume. Ukwazi kwakho ukwazi ukuba ivenkile yokutyela ikhuselekile okanye ukufumana isiqinisekiso sokuzalwa kuxhomekeke kwezi nkonzo zikarhulumente.

Iinkonzo zonyango zexesha likaxakeka (EMS)

Ilayisense ye-ambulensi kunye neenkonzo ze-ambulensi, ezoncedo loncedo lokuqala, kunye neengcali zezonyango zongxamiseko. Bakwadibanisa iinkqubo zokuphendula iintlekele kunye nokugcina ii-myutha zonyango. Xa ufowunela i-911 ukwenzela ungxamiseko lwamayeza, i-EMS ilawulwa yinkqubo ye-EMS yasekuhlaleni, iqinisekisa ukuba unyango olukhawulezileyo nolingcali.

Impilo Yengqondo Neenkonzo Zokuxhatshazwa

Oorhulumente basebenzisa okanye baxhasa amaziko empilo yengqondo, izibhedlele zesizwe zengqondo, kunye neenkqubo zonyango lwezi ntlekele. Banikela ii-atrupt, unyango olugqithisileyo, kunye nokunyanyekelwa komguli. Ezi nkonzo zibalulekile ekusingatheni iimeko zempilo yengqondo nokukhotyokiswa, ezi zinto zixhalabisa impilo yoluntu. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi aye afumana unyango olunenkxaso-mayeza (IMP) lokusebenzisa ukuphazamiseka ngokweenkqubo zikarhulumente.

Iinkonzo zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke

Oorhulumente banembopheleleko yokulondoloza umthetho nocwangco, ukusingatha iimeko ezingxamisekileyo nokuphatha okusesikweni. Ezi nkonzo zikhusela abemi nempahla, ziphakamisa umthetho, zize zilawule abo baphula umthetho.

I-APRISTART ne-Patrol

Amagosa asebupoliseni aseburhulumenteni amisa imithetho yeetrafiki kwiindlela, aphanda ngolwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu, kwaye ancedisa ukugcinwa komthetho wasekuhlaleni. Asebenzisa amaqela akhethekileyo ngenxa yophando lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukulahlwa kweebhombu, nokugcinwa kweziyobisi.

Ukulungiswa Neenkqubo Zentolongo

Oorhulumente balawula inkqubo yeentolongo yabantu abadala abagwetyelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho lwesizwe. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwabantu abagwetyelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho lwesizwe, ukulungiselela unyango lwamabanjwa, kunye nokuqhuba iinkqubo zokubuyisela izithintelo ezifana nokuqeqesha umsebenzi kunye nemfundo. Iikomiti zeRhulumente ezikhulula abantu zikwalawula ukukhululwa nokungalathiswa kwabenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi nkonzo zijolise ekusohlwayeni, ekuthinteleni nasekulungiseni, ngenjongo yokunciphisa ubuGciphu bobuGcisa nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke.

Iinkonzo zomlilo kunye nolawulo lwexesha likaxakeka

Amaphondo amaninzi aneeofisi ezilawula ukucinywa komlilo, ezihlola ukucinywa komlilo, kunye neziloliwe. Ngaphezu koko, amaqumrhu olawulo longxamiseko alungelelanisa ukulungiselelwa kwentlekele, ukusabela, kunye nokuchacha kwiziganeko ezifana neenkanyamba, izikhukula, imililo yelanga nemimoya. Alawula amaziko ongxamiseko karhulumente, izibonelelo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa ne-FEMA.

Iinkqubo zezeenkundla nezezeenkundla

Urhulumente ulawula inkqubo yenkundla, kuquka iinkundla zamatyala, iinkundla ezigwebayo, kunye neenkundla eziphakamileyo zikarhulumente. Basingatha yonke into ukususela kumathikithi eenqwelo-moya ukuya kumatyala etyala eetyala, amatyala omthetho wentsapho (ityala, ukugcinwa kwabantwana), neengxwabangxwaba zamakhaya. Iinkqubo zezomthetho zikarhulumente ziqinisekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo, iingxabano, kunye nemithetho enyanzelekileyo. Xa usebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala okanye ubhala ityala, ubandakanye nenkonzo karhulumente.

Iinkonzo zokusingqongileyo

Oorhulumente banegalelo eliphambili ekulondolozeni indalo, ekulawuleni izinto zemvelo, ekumiseleni imithetho yemekobume nasekulungiseleleni amathuba okuzihlaziya.

IMiphaka yeSizwe noLonwabo

Iinkqubo zepaki zikarhulumente zilawula izigidi-zigidi ze-hektare zomhlaba kawonke-wonke, zinika amathuba okumisa iintente, ukunyuka, ukuhamba ngeenqanawa, nokubukela izilwanyana zasendle. Ezi paki zixhaswa ngemali yoqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, iindleko zomsebenzisi, kunye namaqhina. Zibonelela ngeendawo eziyimfuneko ukuze kubekho impilo entle emzimbeni nasengqondweni, zikhusele indalo, kwaye zixhase uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni ngokhenketho. Umzekelo, iPaki yaseKhalifonini yinkqubo enkulu yelipha yelizwe, inceda izigidi zeendwendwe minyaka yonke.

Ukulondoloza Izilwanyana Neentlanzi

Iintlanzi kunye nezixhobo zezilwanyana zasendle zelizwe zilawula inani labantu abazingelayo, zinyanzelisa ukuba bazinge yaye zikwazi ukuloba, zikhusela nezilwanyana ezisengozini yokutshatyalaliswa. Ziqhuba uphando lwenzululwazi, zibuyisela indawo yokuhlala, zikhupha neerejista zokuzingela kunye nokuloba.

Ulawulo Longcoliso Nokubuyiselwa Kwemeko - bume

Amaziko okhuseleko lwemekobume amisela imithetho karhulumente enjenge-Celean Air Act ne-Cupera Water Act. Avumela ukukhutshwa koshishino, ukuqwalaselwa komoya namanzi, kunye nokucoca iindawo ezingcolisweyo (umz., iindawo ezimdaka). Le migudu ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umoya owuphefumlayo namanzi owaselayo, ukunciphisa iingozi ezibangelwa yinkqubo engcolisayo njengelothe, i-ozone, kunye ne-PFAS.

Amanzi kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo zendalo

Amazwe alawula amalungelo amanzi, alawule imithombo yamanzi ecocekileyo, aqinisekise ukuba kukho amanzi okusela acocekileyo. Kwakhona ajonge imigodi, i-oyile kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi, kunye nezenzo zokukhutshwa kwamahlathi. Ngokomzekelo, iKhomishini yeTexas engobunjani bemekobume ilawula ubunjani bamanzi kwaye yabiwa kwilizwe elityekele kwimbalela, nto leyo echaphazela ukusetyenziswa ngqo kwezolimo namanzi asedolophini.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neNtlalo

Urhulumente ulungiselela abantu abajamelene neengxaki zezoqoqosho ukuba bakhuseleke kwaye ukhuthaza imeko yezoshishino ekhuthaza ulwando nozinzo.

I-inshorensi yemisebenzi kunye nokhuphiswano lwabasebenzi

I-UI isebenzisa iinkqubo ze-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa (i-UI) ezinika abasebenzi abaphulukani nemisebenzi yabo okwexeshana ngaphandle kwetyala labo. Kwakhona balawula iinkqubo zembuyiselo zabasebenzi ezinika iingenelo zezonyango nezihlawula indawo yabasebenzi abanzakeleyo emsebenzini. Ezi nkqubo zixhaswa ngemali ngerhafu yomqeshi kwaye ziyimfuneko ukukhusela izoqoqosho.

Iinkonzo Zoluntu Noncedo Lwentsapho

Oorhulumente baqhuba iinkqubo ezifana ne-Application for Needy Families (TANF), i-Someral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba zizitembu zokutya), kunye neenkonzo zentlalo-ntle yabantwana. Kwakhona balawula ukunyanzeliswa kwabantwana, ukunyanyekelwa kwabantwana, kunye neenkonzo zokukhulisa abantwana. Ezi nkqubo zinceda abantu abasengozini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko kwaye zithintela ukuxhatshazwa nokutyeshelwa kwabantwana.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neNkcubeko

Amaziko ophuhliso lwezoqoqosho anika izikhuthazo zokutsala amashishini, ukubonelela ngemali (iikhomputha, ii-LLC), amalayisensi oogqirha (oogqirha, amagqwetha, iingcali ngeenzululwazi ngeendalo), kunye nolawulo lwezoshishino.

Iinkonzo zabasebenzi

Amaphondo amaninzi anesebe elinikezelweyo elinceda amava ngokufumana iingenelo zikarhulumente, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, izindlu, kunye nonyango. Akwasebenza namakhaya namangcwaba karhulumente. Ezi nkonzo zinika imbeko kwinkonzo yasemkhosini kwaye zinceda amava aguqukele kubomi bobufoloma.

Isiphelo

Imizekelo echazwe apha imela inxalenye nje yenkonzo karhulumente eyakha ibala lobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwixesha ovuka ngalo usela amanzi empompo asetyenziswa kwimigangatho karhulumente, ukuya kwindlela oqhuba ngayo isikolo, isikolo umntwana wakho aya kuso, kwaye iziphendu zikaxakeka ozezona zikhoyo, oorhulumente abathembayo. Le misebenzi ixhaswa ngerhafu karhulumente yerhafu, irhafu, irhafu, kunye negesi ilawulwa yi-ododa ye-odoli yephondo, kwaye ilawulwa ngamaqumrhuluneli etyunjwe yi-omatilanti nezindlu zowiso-mthetho. Ngokuqonda ububanzi nobunzulu bezi nkonzo, abemi bangenza izigqibo ezingakumbi kwibhokisi yebhaso, abathathi-nxaxheba kumaxesha okuthethwa ngurhulumente, yaye bayazi kakuhle imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, ekufuneka inkcuphelo ngezo zonke ezinkozo, enoba kusetyenziswa ngoogxandulo okanye ngokufumana imvume yokudibana kweholo yobomi.

ibhalelwe izibonelelo: USUSA.gov Uvavanyo loRhulumente woRhulumente SEA.S. Isebe lemfundo[[FLT:]] . . . . . . . . . . [[FLT:][FLT][FLT:][5]][FLT] CD] Ubunjani bamanzi [[FLT][FLT:][FLP][FL]