Isiseko somGaqo-siseko seRaje Sabha njengokujonga iGawulayo

IRaje Sabra, okanye iBhunga laseMerika, yindlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya. Ukudalwa kwayo phantsi kweGatya lama-80 lomGaqo-siseko akuyilelwanga ukunikezela nje kuphela igumbi lokubuyisela kodwa kusebenza njengelungu elisisigxina, elimela amaphondo kunye nemimandla. Oku kwahlukahlukana kobume kwenza iRajiya Sabba ibe yindawo ekhethekileyo elungele ukutshintsha indawo apho i-scrutinise isebe eliphetheyo, elikhutshwa ngokuyintloko ukusuka kwiLok Sahab. Isikhulu esingumphathi--(* iBristolissin, iBhunga yabaPhathisi, kunye ne-Gropostriants, kunye ne-scriam enyanzelweyo ingumgaqo wolungiso lwemithetho-mthetho, kwaye inyanzelwe kumgangatho othe ngqo kwimigaqo-mthetho elawulayo. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba i-Lokha inyiswe ngokuconga kweminyaka emihlanu, i-Shabhdmishort, kunye nonyusolution, i-ogray elungelelayelwe ngomlinganiselo othe ngqo, kunye no

Inqaku 75(3) lithi iBhunga labaPhathiswa linembopheleleko kwiLok Sabha. Oku akumkhululi umphathi ekuphenduleni iRajiya Sabba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iRajiya Sabhaha iqhelisela ulawulo oluluqilima ngokuhlola imithetho, uphando lwemali, kunye namandla ayo okubuza abalungiseleli. UMgaqo-siseko unika uRajiya Sabba amandla ngabom, nangona engalingani noLok Sabha kwibala kuzo zonke izikhulu, uyakwazi ukusebenza njengovavanyo olunentsingiselo kwisikhulu esinenkampane. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ubuchule uRayya Sabha ajonga ngabo abalawuli bempasigqeqeshi, imiqathango ejongene, kunye nobuchule obuhlalayo kwinkqubo ye-demokhrasi yaseIndiya.

Oomatshini Bomphathi Olawulayo eRaje Sabha

Uphando Lomthetho Namandla Okuzinzisa

IRaje Sabra ihlola zonke iindleko ezidluliswa yiLok Sabha, ngaphandle kwemali. Le nkqubo yokuhlola ikude kwisithethe. IRaje Sabha ingacebisa ukuba kulungiswe ityala, ibhekise amatyala ukukhetha iikomiti, okanye ayilahle ngokungqalileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, urhulumente uzifumana ekhusela umthetho phambi kwendlu apho ingenakubamba uninzi olucacileyo. Oku kunyanzela umphathi ukuba athethelele iinkqubo zakhe ngobungqina nangokuqiqa, ekuthinteleni okanye imithetho ephononongelweyo ukuba ingenziwa ngaphandle kwengxoxo epheleleyo. Umzekelo, i-Propublics Preas kunye neNkonzo (GST) uBEnd kufuneka idluliswe njengentenxathelo yomthetho, efuna ukuba uninzi lwamatyala olwo omabini ezindlwini. I-Syjanha i-omatilities, ithintela i-oth-othssss withs, i-ak enyanze iziphumo ze-application, kunye ne-actived projectived syt.

Ngapha koko, iRajiya Sabha inamandla okusungula umthetho ongengowaphiko-mali. Ngelixesha inqabileyo iphuma kwimiqathango emikhulu, amandla ayo okuqinisekisa ukuba imfuno yorhulumente kunye nezinye iimbono zifumana ilizwi lowiso-mthetho. Ngokukhethekileyo inkqubo yekomiti yendlu enxulumene nePalamente Stavity Committee `imbombo yembombo yokuvelela. Le komiti, eqanjwe ngamalungu kuzo zombini izindlu, ihlola iindleko zemali ize irhangxele i-bhethe i-bhete i-bhuza ii-bhungane. I-Rajiya Sabha isoloko ilinganisa iziko zolawulo zombutho weqela lepalamente eLobaha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlolweni ngokungqongqo.

Iyure neyure ka-Zero yombuzo

Iyure yombuzo sisixhobo esinamandla sokuba abalungiseleli baphendule ngomlomo. Ukuhlala ngako konke kuqala ngeyure enikezelwe kubalungiseleli. Ilungu le Rajeya Sabha lingabuza imibuzo ephindiweyo (ifuna iimpendulo zomlomo kunye nolwandiso lophicotho-zintlu) okanye imibuzo engakhange ikhathazwenga (impendulo ezibhaliweyo). Abalungiseleli kufuneka baphendule umntu, kwaye uSomlomo okanye uSekela-Sithethi akawakhuseli ekuzibuzeni imibuzo engapheliyo. Ukukwazi ukubuza ukulandela ulawulo kunyanzelela ukuphendula imiqobo egqityiweyo, ukulibala, ukulibala ngokwemimiselo, okanye ukuphelelwa kwemithetho. Iyure neyure emva kwexesha lombuzo yure-nexesha lokuphakamisa ngaphandle kwesaziso. Oku kuye kwasetyenziswa ukubalasemgangatha abalimi abasebenzi abangakwaziyo ukuphumelela, ukukhusela ii-agente, kunye namalungelo abantu.

Ukuqhubekeka kwe Rajeya Sabba − ayipheliswanga − oku kuthetha ukuba amalungu aqokelela inkumbulo kunye nobuchule. Umlungiseleli akanakuyicima indlu; ilungu elinye angacinezela umbuzo ofanayo kwiminyaka emininzi de kunikwe impendulo eyanelisayo. Olu xinzelelo luye lwakhokelela ekuvunyweni okubalulekileyo kukarhulumente nasekulungiseni imithetho. Umzekelo, ukuphicothwa ngokuzingisileyo nguRajiya Sabba amalungu anyanzelisa ubulungisele beMicimbi bemibutho yasekhaya ukuba iguqulele imigaqo yayo ekusetyenzisweni kwemipu eJam & Kashmir.

Iingxoxo Neengxoxo

IRaje Sabra isoloko iqhuba iingxoxo zokubulela kwidilesi kaMongameli, ekufuneni intlawulo, nasekubizeni isaziso. Ezi ngxoxo zibalulekile kuba zifuna umphathi ophetheyo ukuba akhusele ingxelo yakhe phambi kwegumbi eliquka iingcali ezibalaseleyo, ababezizizicaka, nabameli bamaqela engingqi. Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabhaha, apho uninzi lwabaphathi lungasoloko lungapheza impikiswano, umqulu kaRapya Sabhah / apho kungekho qela linye linokunandipha ingxubusho epheleleyo yeqophelo--"ukukhuthaza ukuquququzelelwa okusezantsi kwe-. Ingxubuliso emfutshane yokumiselwa kwengingqi phantsi koMthetho we-17666. Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabha, apho uninzi lwabaphathi-majoni lungasoloko lungapheka ingcinezelo ukuba luchaze izenzo zabo.

IRajiya Sabra ikwanamandla okuxubusha iingxelo ze Comptroller kunye noMphicothi-zincwadi Jikelele (CAG) kunye neekomiti zepalamente. Ezi ngxoxo zisoloko zibhenca inkunkuma okanye ukunganyaniseki kwecawa. Umzekelo, ingxoxo ngengxelo ye-CAG ngolwabelo lwemiba emibini kwiRajiya Sabhaha yayinkulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekurhoxisweni koMphathiswa weNkqubano ne-IF kunye nophengululo oluPhakamileyo lweNkundla yeNkundla.

Uqoqosho Lwemali: Uqingqo-mali NeeBhili Zemali

UMgaqo-siseko umisela igalelo eliqatha leRajiya Sabba i-Sabba incomela i-Money Bills/bills eziqulathe kuphela amalungiselelo erhafu, ukuboleka, kunye nenkcitho kwiNgxowa-mali eHlabayo. Phantsi kweGatya 110, iBhili yemali ingaziswa kuphela kwiLok Sabhaha, kwaye iRajiya Sabba izakuncomela i-antementation, leyo iLok Sabbaha okanye ingayamkela okanye ingayamkeli. IRajiya Sabha kufuneka ibuyise iNgxongo yemali ngeentsuku ezili-14; kungenjalo, inokuthi ithathelwe. Lo mdathi udla ngokucatshulwa njengobuthathaka obukhulu beJabya Shabbahaha kulawulo. Noko ke, i-Rajihahahahahaha i-omswords (iiMemori ephakathi kweentsuku ezili-14) urhulumente urhulumente urhulumente urhulumente urhulumente urhulumente uyamgalela ukuqinisekisa ukuba aqhubeke urhulumente.

Ngaphezu kweeBhili zeMali, iRaje Sabra Scrutinise uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kwiKomiti emileyo yeMali, ehlola iimfuno zemali yazo zonke iinkonzo. Iingxelo zekomiti, eziquka ukuncomela ukuhlaliswa kwemali kunye nenkqubela phambili, zifakwe kuzo zombini izindlu. Ngoxa urhulumente enganyanzelekanga ukwamkela ezi zincomelo, kufuneka aphendule, kwaye ukusabela kwayo kuxhomekeke kuwonke wonke. Oku kwenza uvavanyo oludumileyo. Ngaphezu koko, uRajiya Sabha unika amandla okuchasa iBhili yemali okanye omnye umthetho onxulumene nemali uyinika inzuzo ebalulekileyo. Xa kunqabile ukusetyenziswa nxamnye nokuphathwa kwe-mole ngxaki.

Amagunya akhethekileyo nendima zomGaqo-siseko

IRajiya Sabba inawo amandla akhethekileyo achaphazela umlawuli. Phantsi kweCandelo 61, iyabelana neLok Sabha amandla okuqalisa iziphumo zokungagunyaziswa ngokuchasene noMongameli. Ngeli xesha ukutyunjwa kukaMongameli kungaze kuphumelele, isisongelo sakhe sithelekisa ukuziphatha okuphezulu. Oku kuchaphazela indlela yesikhulu esimi ngayo. I-Tajinya Sabbaha inamandla apheleleyo phantsi kweGatya 312 ukwenza zonke iinkonzo zaseIndiya (njenge-IAS, IPS), i-IFS) ngokudlulisa isigqibo esixhaswe ngabaninzi ababini-3. Ukuba u-Syhaha umba ukholelwa kwimbuyiselo ofanelekileyo.

IRaje Sabra inayo indima ekunyulweni koMongameli onguMongameli onguMongameli, osebenza njengoyena unguye uSihlalo. UMongameli onguMongameli unyulwa ngonogada ongoonogada-gosa abaquka amalungu ezi zindlu zombini, kodwa uRajiya Sabhaha ubumba uninzi lwaloo kholeji. UMongameli uyakwazi ukuphembelela ukusebenza kwegunya eliphetheyo ngokuqhuba iRapya Sabba, evota iqhina eliqhekeza ityala lokufa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha urhulumente ucebisa ngemithetho elungileyo.

Imida Kulawulo Lolawulo Lomphathi - mkhosi WaseRaje Sabha

Ukungakwazi Ukugatya Iincwadi Zemali

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumlinganiselo obalulekileyo yimeko engekho ngqiqweni kaRaje Sabba kwiMali. Inqaku le-110 lichaza iBhili yemali ngokungqongqo, kodwa maxa wambi oorhulumente baye bawahlulahlula amatyala njengeeMali iiBhili zemali ukunqanda uRajiya Sabbaha ukujonga. UMthetho ka-Aadhaar (2016) udluliswe njengeBhili yemali nangona iqulathe izibonelelo ezingaphaya kwerhafu nenkcitho. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ihlola lo msebenzi. Kwanaxa imali inguMpayini i-Rajiya Sabha enokuthi incomela i-andements; i-Lok Sabbaha ayifuneki ukuba yamkele ezo zinto. Oku kuvumela umqhubi wesigcibo ukuba agqithle umthetho we-Rajya Sabba ukuba angene umthetho wemali, icunyuse ngokukhangela indlu.

Akukho Nto Ibalulekileyo Ekuthetheni Ngentembelo

Ukusinda kwesikhulu kuxhomekeke kuphela kwiLok Sabba. IRajiya Sabba ayinakuzisa urhulumente ngokungazithembi intshukumo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umphathi angayityeshela iRajiya Sabba kwimicimbi yokusinda nokulawula, ijolise ekulawuleni iLok Sabba. Urhulumente usebenzise oku ukunyanzela imigaqo ephikisayo ngeli lixa inkcaso ka Rajiya Sabbaha ihlala ingumfuziselo nje. URajiya Sabba akakwazi ukunyanzelela umlungiseleli ukuba arhoxe; isixhobo sakhe siso sodwa esingumgangatho othe tyaba nehlazo. Kwinkqubo apho iqela loqeqesho linamandla khona, eli sixhobo sisoloko sisetyenziswa.

Igunya Elilinganiselweyo Kwizenzo Zokungachasi

IRajiya Sabra ayinako ukugxeka okanye ukubiza abalungiseleli bengxowa. Nangona inokuthi imicimbi ibhekise kwiikomiti, ayinakunyanzela umphathi ukuba agxothe umlungiseleli. ILok Sabha, esebenzisa uMphathi-mikhosi oyintloko, ilawula ngokupheleleyo ekumiselweni kolungiselelo. Iikomiti zeRajiya Sabba zinokubiza ibhulawurecuats kwaye zifune amaxwebhu, kodwa umphathi-ofisi angala ukulwa kwisiseko sokhuseleko okanye imfihlelo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ikholelwa ukuba ilungelo lolwazi aligqibekanga, kwaye ilungelo eliphetheyo linokuzisusa iimfuno zepalamente kwiimeko ezithile. IRajiya Sabba ayinayo inkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza; ixhomekeke kwiLok Sabha ekusebenzeni kwiingxelo zayo, ezidla ngokutyha.

IziNtobe eziNcinane

Ishishini likaRajiya Sabra licwangciswe yiKomiti yeBhunga elinobuphini elinamalungu asuka kwiqela elilawulayo. USihlalo-"Isekela-Mongameli/"i-amalungu kulawulo okanye inyulwe ngokuxhasa kwayo. Oku kunika urhulumente ulawulo oluthile kucwangciso. Amalungu azimeleyo amaphepha eRajiya Sabhaha phantse angazange axoxwe. Indlu ihlala malunga neentsuku ezingama-70 ngonyaka, ukuhla kwamashumi eminyaka ngaphambili, kwaye i-Awadss Addy idla ngokuphazanyiswa yimibhiso. La matyala asebenza kakuhle eRajya Sabha.

IRaje Sabra njengeNjongo Yomanyano

Ngaphandle kwezobupolitika ezikhuselweyo, uRaje Sabba umelo lwamazwe luyinika indima ekhethekileyo yorhulumente. Amalungu anyulwa ngeendibano zezomthetho zikarhulumente, hayi ngabantu. Oku kuthetha ukuba oorhulumente banelizwi kwindlu ephezulu, abathi ngokuyinxenye balisebenzise ngoomeli babo abanyuliweyo. Xa isikhulu esingu-(8) saqhutywa liqela elingenakulawula iindibano ezininzi zikarhulumente, ``aphosa umthetho ophazamisa amalungelo karhulumente, iRapya Sabba ungayivala. Umzekelo, iLand Acquisition Act, 2013, kunye ne-andrentives ezilandelayo ngo-2015 zachasana ngamandla ne-Jayya Shabba, unya unyanze urhulumente avingcelces.

IRaje Sabra ikwanegunya elipheleleyo lokuvumela iPalamente ukuba iqulunqe kwimibandela kazwelonke kuMdla wesizwe (Artle 249) kunye nokwenza zonke iiNkonzo ze-Indiya (Artle 312). La mandla aqinisekisa ukuba uvumo lukarhulumente luyimfuneko phambi kokuba i-Union ephetheyo yandise ukufikelela kwayo kumazwe abekelwe amazwe. Kwilizwe elinomahluko njengeIndiya, olu vavanyo lwamazwe lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-Lok Sabata.

Imbono Ethelekisayo: IRaje Sabha NeeHome Eziphezulu

Xa ithelekiswa neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNkulumbuso yaseUnited States, iRajiya Sabba ibuthathaka. IBhunga linamandla alinganayo kuwo onke umthetho, kuquka amatyala emali, kwaye kufuneka liqinisekise amatyala ayintloko kunye nezivumelwano. IRajiya Sabhaha ayibaqinisekisi abalungiseleli okanye abagwebi; uMongameli ubamisela kwicebiso loMphathi-mikhosi. Noko ke, iRajiya Sabba unamandla amakhulu kunawo onke amaUK Houses, anokulibazisa kuphela amatyala ngonyaka omnye kwaye angakwazi ukuvala nawuphi na umthetho. Ilungiselelo lamaIndiya libetha umhlaba ophakathi: i-Rajiya Sabha iyakwazi ukurhola imali engahlawulwayo kunye novuselelo lwamandla, kodwa amandla ayo alinganiselweyo. Le ndlela ibonakalisa injongo yokukhusela ulawulo lwezoqoqosho xa kukhangelwa kwezindlu lwezoqoqosho.

Izindululo Zokutshintsha Neengxoxo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abanye abahlalutyi bezobupolitika baye bacebisa ukuba kupheliswe iRajiya Sabra, bephikisa ukuba yigumbi elichasene nedemokrasi, elinyulweyo eliphazamisa ingxolo ethandwayo eya kuboniswa ngeLok Sabhaha. Abanye baxhasa utshintsho ukuze bomeleze ulawulo lwayo.Ngokomzekelo, ngokuyinika ivoti efanayo kwimali e-Bills okanye ngokufuna ukuqinisekiswa kwezigqibo eziphezulu. Isicelo esithe chaqikelelwayo kukufumana ikhalenda emiselweyo yeRapya Sabba ukuqinisekisa ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-100 zokuhlala ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngonyaka, akukho lutshintsho olukhulu oluye lwamiswa, kodwa ingxoxo iyaqhubeka. IRajiya Sabbahaha ishiyekile, kuba ngoku, iko elikhethekileyo lamaIndiya elinobumba-omatilathisi kunye noosomanisi boburhulumente borhulumente kunye noosomashishini.

Isiphelo

Indima yeRajiya Sabra ekuhloleni isebe eliphetheyo inyanzelekile kwaye inesiphumo. Ngeli xesha lingakwazi ukukhulula urhulumente okanye izithintelo zemali, imigaqo-mthetho, ukubuza, kunye namagunya ekomiti anyanzelisa umphathi ukuba athethelele izenzo zakhe phambi kwegumbi elisisigxina elimiswe ngokusisigxina, igumbi lombuso elikhoyo. IRajija Sabba uSabha uyakwazi ukulibazisa, ukuthoba, kwaye ibhenca kunye ne-"ibhene ) nokubhenca ngemithetho yayo yesizwe, i--"inika igophelo elibalulekileyo nxamnye nolawulo-lawulo-mpasi. Kwixesha lokulawula olunamandla, i-Rajiya Sahahahaha ingumatshini ababalulekileyo bokugcina ii-ehlolo kunye neemali ezikhoyo zolawulo-demokhrasi bamaIndiya.

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