Ukwazisa: IRaje Sabra njengeGuardian of Federal Ater Beace

Ingxaki yamanzi yaseIndiya libali lokuswela, ukungalingani, kunye nokungalawuleki. Eli lizwe liphethe i-16% yabemi behlabathi kodwa line-4% yobuncwane balo obunamanzi acocekileyo, umahluko ofuna ungenelelo olucokisekileyo lwemithetho-siseko. Kulo mongo, iRajiya Sabha, indlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya, isebenza njengenkqubo ebalulekileyo yokulungisa imithetho yesizwe kulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi. Ngokungafaniyo ngqo noo-Lok Sabbaha, iRajiya Sabha imele amaphondo, iqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezikhoyo zamanzi ahlukahlukeneyo zaseIndiya, amaphondo angama-28, kunye nezi-8 Union ziphothiselwe njani kwimiqatha yomthetho-mthetho-siseko wesizwe. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela ephambili yemithetho-Syyabhaka engundoqo, ukukhuthaza nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho-ogloba-mastine, ukusetyenziswa kwendlu ephezulu, ithetha ngemithetho yamanzi esetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngomthetho-ogqeshol

Ulawulo Lwamanzi LwaseIndiya

Amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko nolwahlulo lomanyano

Amanzi eIndiya ngumxholo okhoyo ophantsi koluhlu lwe 17 loMgaqo-siseko III (Uluhlu Lwangoku), okuthetha ukuba zombini iintlawulo zowiso-mthetho zesizwe nezombuso zingawisa imithetho. Noko ke, umthetho wemilambo kunye neentlambo zomlambo ungena ngaphantsi koluhlu olungu 56 lwe-Union, unika iPalamente igunya elipheleleyo kwiimbambano zamanzi angaphakathi. Esi siseko sibini sidala uxanduva lwaso olusemgceni, lo gama i-Centrea kufuneka ilungelelanise iimfuno zesizwe. URajiya Sabba, omiswe ngabameli abanyuliweyo ngeendibano ze-Ongces, uba yintloko yengxoxo apho eziphikiswayo. Amalungu azisa ulwazi olungqalileyo lwenkcukushela yamanzi, iipasethi, kunye nezili zezoli ze-Plavinish-anstay Sabarval.

Ucelomngeni lomanyano: Isicwangciso seBastin-Wide vs. State Autonomy

Imilambo yase-Indiya inqumla imida karhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, iGanga, ihamba kumazwe alishumi elinanye, ngalinye lineemfuno ezikhuphisanayo. Ukungabikho komthetho wamanzi odityanisiweyo wesizwe ngokwembali kukhokele ekuqhubekeni kwempikiswano ephakathi kwephondo, njenge Kauvery, Krishna, kunye ne-Gonavari iingxabano. I-Rajya Sabba isebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengeqonga likarhulumente ukuze kuthethe izikhalo zelizwi kunye nokuxoxoxokelelwa. Inkqubo yekomiti ivumela ukuvavanywa okunzulu kwemiqathango yobugcisa kunye nemithetho esemthethweni, ithintela ukusetyenziswa kwemali engazihoyiyo izinto ezisemgangathweni. Umzekelo, ingxoxo eshukumangene kwi-Inter- Statefatess Reater Regamesmer Bill abone ugline Caption kwimist Sy yesigqibo sexams.

Indima Engaqhelekanga YeRaje Sabra Kumthetho Wamanzi

Umelo lwamaZwe: Inqaku loMasipala

IRaje Sabba yayilwa njengegumbi lamazwe, nelizwe ngalinye elifumana umelo olumalunga nabemi balo, kodwa ngomlinganiselo ozinzileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amaphondo amancinci anjengeSikkim okanye iGoa anelizwi elilingana namaphondo amakhulu njengo-Uttar Pradesh kwimicimbi yamanzi. Xa iindleko zamanzi ziveliswa, uRajaya Sabba usoloko ehamba ngokujikeleza okukhusela imfuno yombuso, njengokukhutshwa kwamanzi okanye ukukhululwa komlambo othile kwimigxobho ephakathi. Indlu ephezulu iyakwazi ukulibazisa amatyala angeyo imali kwakhona njengemiqathango yemiqathango yomthetho. Umzekelo, uSomandla aManzi e-Sidlo se-2016 ayebala elibalulekileyo emva kokukhethwa kwe-Rharyan

Uphando kunye noHlaziyo

Imali nganye enxulumene namanzi esungulwe kwiPalamente kufuneka idlule kuzo zombini izindlu ngaphandle kokuba lityala lemali, ngaphandle kokuba lilungu lemali elishiya imithetho emininzi yamanzi. I-Rajiya Sabba ikomiti emileyo yeSebe leZibonelo zamanzi, njengeKomiti yeManzi, igcina iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zeengcali, amagosa karhulumente, kunye namaqela abantu. Le komiti inikela ingxelo yokuba ngokufuthi urhulumente unyanzelela urhulumente ukuba alungise amalungiselelo angundoqo. Ngo-2019, i-Rapya Sabha's Stadys Committee yeSebe elinguMbutho ekwizimelwano zamanzi icebisa ukuba iSikhundla soMfula weSizwe sokulondoloza Ulawulo solawulo solawulo lorhulumente sinikwe amagunya omthetho, icebiso likarhulumente ekugqibeleni eliqulunqikelelo lokuxhasa imekobume nentlalo lwentlalo-ntle yentlalo-ntle ayinikelwanga ngenxa yezopolitiko.

Imithetho Yamanzi Emikhulu Exonxwa YiRaje Sabha

UMthetho wamanzi oMlambo weSizwe, 1956

Kumashumi eminyaka agqithileyo, lo mthetho wasungula iinkundla zokungqubana phakathi kwamazwe. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iRajeya Sabhaha iye yanyanzela ukuba kulungiswe ulibaziseko lwezigqibo zesigqibo ```iimpikiswano ezithile zikhona kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ngo 2002 kunye no-2019, indlu ephezulu yaphikisanayo ukuze ibangele i-Inter-State River River Diffeles Tripebral ukuthatha indawo yemibango ye hoc. Isenzo sokugqibela, sidluliswe ngo-2019 ngemvume ka Rajiya Sabha, ifuna iinkundla zokukhupha imibango phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ukuxawuza kwendlu ephezulu ngexesha elimisiweyo yayikukuphendula okuthe ngqo kweKhishna neNyavava. Ngaphandle kwengxoxo yexesha elingapheliyo, i-Tamilna. [irnalFoglat]

Umgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe wamanzi (202, 2012)

Ngeli xesha iNational Water Policy ingesiso isixhobo somthetho osesikweni, ingumthetho olandelayo. IRajeya Sabha yadlala indima ephambili kuhlaziyo lonyaka wama-2012, icela ukuba kubekho imigaqo efana “namanzi njengenzuzo yezoqoqosho” kunye“ nolawulo lokunika inkxaso yezonyango lokunisela ngemo-manzi kunye noluvo lwamalungu asuka kwingxoxo, amalungu akwimimandla yedamal-prane athe yazalela ukunikwa indawo yokuqala ekunkcenkcesheleni, umgaqo ngoku osemthethweni ofakwe kwisiseko somgaqo. Indlu ephezulu yacebisa ukuba inkqubo yonyango ihlaziswe rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuze idibanise inzululwazi yemozulu @aaa i-2020. URhyiya Shabbahaya ungenelo lomthetho wokusebenza kwezongalo lwezobugcisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuchatshana kwabalimi abambalwa nabemi basemaphandle [FT][10][10]

UMthetho (Ukuhlahlela Nokulawula Ungcoliso), ka- 1974

Omnye wemithetho yokuqala yemeko- bume yase Indiya, lo msebenzi umiselwe phakathi kunye neebhodi zolawulo longcoliso lwesizwe. IRaje Sabha yalungisa umthetho wokuqala oquka izigwebo ezomeleleyo kubangcolisi bemizi - mveliso kunye nokunika amandla amaplanga esizwe ukuba avale amaqela angengawo amaqela. Ngoo 2000, indlu ephezulu yaqhutyelwa ukuthoba ungcoliso lwamanzi asemhlabeni engenisa umgangatho wesiqhumiso, ukuvuma ukuba izichumiso nezibulala-zinambuzane zingenele kwimijelo ye-asfers. U-Raj Sabba uqinisekisa ukuba lo msebenzi awuzange ube yingwe yephepha; izimfuneko zokuva uwonke phambi kokuba unikezelo lwemvume yomgangatho womlambo wobungozi. Namhlanje, isenza isiseko somjelo samanzi e-India, kunye ne-Syahab eqhubekayo, kunye ne-Syrachab ejonge iManzile ebanzi yoMwe Yolwandle: [FF] [F] [U.]]

Imithetho yakutshanje: ISikolo seSikolo seFomati yamanzi

Ukunyanzeliswa kwekomiti efuna ubuchule bokwenza ulawulo lwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kwaphumelela emva kwengxelo yonyaka ka-2018 iNITI Aayog elumkisa ngendlala enkulu yamanzi. I-Fod Water Framework Bill, eyaziswa ngonyaka ka-2016, yabhekiswa kwiRajiya Sabba Send Committee. Ingxelo yekomiti yancomela utshintsho olucacileyo: lwakubiza ilungelo lokufumana amanzi njengendawo engundoqo, isicwangciso sokulawula igumbi lomlambo, kunye nemodeli elungeleleneyo ephezulu yolawulo lwesizwe. I-Rajiya Sabba ihla ihla yenza inciphiswe amandla okulawula umbindiso kwaye iqinisa indima yemeko yamanzi, ibonakalisa ulawulo lwendlu yendlu yomkhosi. [NUnyaka ok'umbini]

Impembelelo kummandla wamanzi ozinzo

Ukulungelelanisa Iimfuno Zezolimo Nezoshishino

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi eIndiya kuxhaphakile kukulima (kumalunga nama-80% okusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo), kodwa imfuno yemizi - mveliso iyanyuka. IRaje Sabha ibiyindawo apho iimfuno ezingqubanayo zidityaniswa khona. Umzekelo, ngexesha lengxoxo ekwindawo yolawulo loMlambo Basin, amalungu asuka kumaphondo afana noPunjab noHaryana anyanzelisa ukuba nayiphi na inkqubo evumela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi aselwandle embonisweni yemizi -. Oku kubangele ukuba igatya oku kufuna amanzi anyibilikayo anyibilikayo adityaniswe kwimithombo yamanzi acocekileyo. Ngokufanayo, indlu ephezulu yalungisa ulondolo lwamanzi ukuze igunyaze uqingqo lwedolo-meters, iqinisekisa ukuba ushishino lwasekuhlaleni luthise izinto eziphambili.

Ukukhuthaza Ukulondoloza Umzimba Nokutshintsha Kwemozulu

Ikomiti kaRajiya Sabra ejongene nobuncwane bamanzi ibalaselise imfuneko yokudibanisa imozulu nemithetho yamanzi. Ngo-2022, ikomiti yacebisa ukuba yonke imisebenzi emitsha yokugcina ikwazi ukumelana nemozulu. Oku kwakhokelela ekongezelweni kwemigaqo ehlala ihleli kwi-Central Ground Water Authority Authority. Indlu ephezulu ikwadlulisa isigqibo selungu elizimeleyo ngo-20211 ikhuthaza urhulumente ukuba avakalise amanzi angundoqo phantsi kweSiqendumiso 21, awakhuthaza iNkuNkundla ePhakamileyo ukuba kamva yandise ilungelo lokugcina amanzi akwindawo ephezulu. Ngoxa i-Jajiya Sabha ingenakunyanzelela ngqo imozulu, uxinzelelo lwayo lwe-libhethrisho oluphambili luqhube inyathelo lokuphatha i-ofisi yezongalo, njengokuvuna amanzi kwimithetho emitsha nemithetho eqinileyo yokulungisa i-okisa i-operatempse.

Iingxaki Ezenziwe YiRaje Sabha

Ukungavumelani Nezobupolitika Nepalamente

IRaje Sabra ayigonywanga kwimimandla yezobupolitika. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izikhalazo ezithe rhoqo kunye nokuphazamiseka ziye zanciphisa ixesha elikhoyo lokuphikisana ngokweenkcukacha imithetho yamanzi. Ukungabikho kolawulo oluzinzileyo kwindlu ephezulu kudla ngokunyanzela urhulumente ukuba alalanise, nto leyo enokuthi ilibazise ityala lemali eliqhubekayo. Umzekelo, iManzi e-Ater Resource Bill, 2020, ibhekiswe kwikomiti ekhethayo kodwa ayizange ibuyele kumgangatho ngenxa yokuchasana kwiimbambano ezingahambelaniyo. Ngaphezu koko, utyekelo lwamalungu efaktha i-freyidings kwimin yeqela yemigxuma kunokuba imisele ethoba ithomalanisa imigca yegumbi. Ukuyeka le mingeni kucela ukuvumelana ukuba amanzi kungene imbambano ephakathi kwe-Sysabhrak ekwane ngokupheleleyo.

Impikiswano Ngemibandela Emandundu

Uxanduva oluphindaphindiweyo luzama ukudibanisa amanzi alawula amacandelo angaphakathi ngoorhulumente belizwe abafana neNational River Conservation Account Act. Oorhulumente, bencedwa nguRajiya Sabha, baye baphikisa kwelokuba intshukumo ezinjalo zichasene nomoya woLuhlu lweNkangeleko. Indlu ephezulu isoloko ilungisa amatyala aphakathi ukuze aquke “ukungavumelani." amacandelo asuka kurhulumente phambi kwemisebenzi e-Nationaleavringling Activering. Noko ke, abagxeki baphikisa ukuba amandla e-Rajiya Sabbaha anokusetyenziswa ukuthintela utshintsho olufunekayo, njengegridi yesizwe. Okubangela ukulingana kokulungele ukucwangcwa kocwangciso lwesizwe namalungelo asekuhlaleni kuhlala kungumngeni omthetho oqhubekayo. [12]

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo: Ukomeleza Igalelo LeRaje Sabha

Ukunyusa impembelelo kaRajiya Sabba kwimithetho yamanzi, utshintsho oluninzi lufanele luqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, ukusekwa kweBhunga lamanzi elinikezelweyo leSizwe se-International Water ngaphakathi kwindlu ephezulu kungadibanisa uhlomelo lwesizwe phambi kokuba kwenziwe nayiphi na irejista yamanzi. Okwesibini, ikomiti kaRajiya Sabba yaseSabha imele inikwe imigaqo engqongqo engakumbi, mhlawumbi ngomyalelo wokuba urhulumente aphendule kwiphulo ngalinye phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu. Okwesithathu, igumbi linokufaka ngokuthe ngqo ubuchule benzululwazi ngokuyila iqela lezazinzulu kunye nabaphengululi abasemthethweni ekuxhaseni ukuxhasa ukuxilonga kwayo. Ekugqibeleni, ukunyuka kokumanyana kweminye kwe-Lobha yemilo yemilo yemilo yemizwana yamanzi kungabangela ukuvumelana kwemiqathangongongongongo yomthetho wendlu yolawulo olukhethekileyo lwendlu yolawulo lwamanzi.

Isiphelo

IRaje Sabba ingaphezulu kakhulu kunegumbi lesibini; sisazela somGaqo-siseko semithetho yamanzi yaseInternat- Staten River Disputes Act ukuya kumthetho weSizwe weFrameya Yamanzi, indlu ephezulu isoloko iqinisekisa ukuba izinto zendalo ezikhoyo ze-hydro - systeminology azigqunywanga zizinto ezihambayo. Inkqubo yayo yekomiti, ukutshintsha kwamandla, nobunzulu bolawulo lwezimo ze-Inter-motementalName Disputes, kunye nobunzulu bobunzulu bemeko-meoksigrafeksi, kwanokuba iingxaki ze-stanki ye-drock zihlala zihleli. Njengokuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu yemozulu kunye nengxabano yolawulo oluphezulu, uvavanyo lwamanzi lwase-Rajiha lwamanzi luba lubaluleke ngakumbi. Ikamva lamanzi alawulayo eIndiya alogobe, kodwa livelisa imibhobhobho eqinileyo, kodwa lithetha ukuba i-Syha ekhutha egcina ulwazi oluninzi.