Imvelaphi Yemithetho Eyimbali

Imfuneko yokuba amapolisa afumane imvume ngaphambi kokuqhuba uphengululo okanye ukubanjwa inemvelaphi enzulu kwimbali yomthetho wase-Anglo - America. Uhlaziyo lwesine kuMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S., lwagunyaziswa ngo-1791, lwaqinisekisa umgaqo wokuba abemi basekuhlaleni bafanele bakhuseleke kubantu babo, ezindlwini, ezindlwini, nakwiimpembelelo zokulwa nokuphanda okungalawulekiyo. Oku kuthintelwa kwaba kukusabela okungqalileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwemithetho nezixhobo zoncedo jikelele zaseBritani, ezanika amagosa amasiko igunya lokukhangela nayiphi na indawo engekho sizathu sithile. OoTata Abafunyenweyo baqonda ukuba amandla okuphengulula ngokungekho mthethweni ziimeko zokucinezelela. Bayalela ukuba kuxhaswe ngokufanelekileyo, ngokukodwa kuchazwe indawo yokuhlolwa nokugodulwa, kwaye kukhutshwe kwiminkwe, kwaye kukhutshwe izifungo.

Kwiinkulungwane, imfuneko yemvume ivele kwizigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Weeks v. United States (1914), iNkundla yamisa umthetho wokuzikhulula, ikhupha ubungqina obufumanayo ngokuphanda okungekho mthethweni ekungasetyenziswayo ekuvavanyeni kwe-ogcul. Lo mgaqo wadluliselwa kwinkundla yenkundla kukhuseleko lwezomthetho [FLT:] [[FLT]] Mapp v. Ohio [1961], uqinisa imfuneko yokuba isiseko somthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho waseMelika. I-travery ibonisa umgudu oqhubekayo wokuphumeza ummiselo womthetho osebenzayo kunye nokhuseleko lwezikhuselo, ukuxinzeka okuhlala entliziyweni zale mihla.

Ngezizwe, iinkqubo ezininzi zomthetho zifumene izicwangciso ezifanayo. Umzekelo, iConvention ye-European on Human Rights Inqaku lesi-8 likhusela ilungelo lokuzimela kwaye lifuna ukunyanzeliswa komthetho ukufumana ugunyaziso lwezomthetho phambi kokungena kubomi bobuqu. Lo sivumelwano sehlabathi lonke sigxininisa ulwamkelo lwehlabathi lonke lokuba imfuneko ziyimfuneko ukunqanda isenzo sombuso sobugqhinga ngexesha uvumela uphando olusemthethweni ukuba luqhubeke.

Imilinganiselo Esemthethweni Nempembelelo Yayo

Imilinganiselo yolawulo lomthetho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphengulula nokuxhuzula kuyagwetyelwa, kuchazwe, kwaye kuphendulwe. Le migaqo ibeka umthwalo owenziwe ngokwemigaqo esemthethweni emapoliseni, kodwa ikwanika isiseko esicacileyo esisemthethweni esikhusela amagosa kwizityholo zokungahambi kakuhle kwesimilo xa esenza oku kumthetho.

Unobangela Ofanelekileyo

Unobangela ocacileyo yimfuneko engundoqo yayo nayiphi na imvume. Amapolisa kufuneka abonise kumagwebi ukuba kukho inkolelo esengqiqweni [ yokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwenzeka, ukuba ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho bukho kwindawo ethile, okanye umntu uwenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Umgangatho ungaphezulu kunokukrokra nje kuphela kodwa ungaphantsi kokungaqiniseki okungaphaya kokuthandabuza okusengqiqweni. Iinkundla zichaze unobangela ofanelekileyo njengolusebenzayo, ongaluvotelelo lwemeko, oluthelekelelwe kulwazi oluthembekileyo kumangqina, amaxhoba, okanye uhlolisiso lwamapolisa.

Ngokwendlela amagosa aqokelela izibakala ngodliwano-ndlebe, ngokuhlola, ngoonophengululi, okanye ngokuhlola, anike isalathisi imvume kumgwebi. Ijaji ivavanya enoba i-affidavit imisela amathuba afanelekileyo okuba uphando luza kuvelisa ubungqina. Olu vavanyo lwezomthetho luthintela amapolisa ukuba angasebenzisi zixhobo okanye akhethe, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amathuba okuphengulula okungekho mthethweni. Noko ke, le nkqubo inokuba kukuphengulula ixesha, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezintlukwano ezibandakanya iindawo ezininzi okanye ubungqina obudityaniweyo.

Intsingiselo kunye nesigqumathelo

UHlomelo lwesine lufuna ukuba imfuneko ichaze indawo elindelekileyo ngokuphandle ichaze indawo enokuthi iphendwe kwaye izinto eziza kuthinjwa. Le mfuneko ikhethekileyo ithintele uphengululo jikelele olufana nohambo lokuloba. Abaphathi-mikhosi mabachaze idilesi okanye isithuthi, bachaze ubungqina obulindelekileyo ngokweenkcukacha ezisengqiqweni, kwaye baphephe ububanzi obuninzi benkcazelo ezifana "zonke iingxelo" ngaphandle kokulinganisela imilinganiselo. Iinkundla zizichazile isiqinisekiso sokungafikeleli komgangatho wokufumana oku, nto leyo ekhokelela ekucinezeleni ulawulo lobungqina.

Ukongezelela, isifungo okanye isiqinisekiso sifuna ukuba umphathi-mikhosi afunge inyaniso yezityholo ezikwisityholo phantsi kwesohlwayo se-pebrary. Lo mlinganiso wokuphendula uqinisekisa ukuba amapolisa awayilanga okanye anikele ulwazi olulahlekisayo ukuze afumane isiqinisekiso. Ukuba igosa lithe lazi ukuba liquka iintetho zobuxoki, imvume ingacelw'ucelw'ucelw'uphando phantsi i-Flarews v. Delarew[ [17]), nto leyo evumela abamangalelwayo ukuba bacele ukuvanyo ukuva ubunyaniso be-affvidat.

Inkqubo Engummangaliso: Inyathelo Ngenyathelo

Ukuqonda amanyathelo asebenzayo okufumana isiqinisekiso kucacisa indlela echaphazelekayo ngayo kumsebenzi wamapolisa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya:

  1. Ukhuphiswano kunye nobungqina obuqokelela - abaphathi baqokelela izibakala, amangqina odliwano-ndlebe, uhlalutyo lwenkcazelo yamanani, kwaye baphuhlisa ingcamango yetyala.
  2. Ulungiselelo lwe Affidavit – Igosa elikhokelayo likhupha iidrafti zentetho efungelweyo echaza unobangela onokwenzeka, kuquka izibakala ezithile kunye nemithombo.
  3. [[UMTL:0] Uhlolo lweJudicial – I-affidavit inikezelwa kumgwebi okanye kumantyi, obuza ukucacisa imibuzo okanye ufuna ulwazi olongezelelekileyo.
  4. [[UMTL: 0] I-Imposiso okanye ukukhanyela - Ukuba ijaji ifumana unobangela onokwenzeka nobalulekileyo, isiqinisekiso siyatyikitywa. Ukuba ayivunywanga, abaphathi abanakuqhubekeka ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso (ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziswe).
  5. [[NTL: 0] Isenzo sokusebenza -amapolisa asebenzisa isiqinisekiso, esisoloko siquka imida yexesha (umz., iintsuku ezilishumi zokubulawa kwiimeko zorhulumente). Amagosa angathabatha kuphela izinto ezidweliswe kwisiqinisekiso, nangona imbonakalo ecacileyo isenokuvumela ukuxhuzula kwezinye ii-comptraband.
  6. Buyela noluhlu-luhlu – Emva kokukhangela, amapolisa kufuneka acwangcise ukubuya nenkundla, adwelise oko kwathinjwa, kwaye anike uluhlu lwento kumntu ompahla yakhe yakhangelwayo.

Olu landelelwano lungathatha iiyure okanye kwaneentsuku, kuxhomekeka kubunzima kunye nokufumaneka kwetyala. Kwimeko eziphezulu, ukulibazisa kungaba yingxaki, kodwa kwakhona kuqinisekisa uphando olunzulu olusemthethweni.

Imiphumo Kuqheliselo Lokuphanda Kwamapolisa

Imfuneko esisiseko ibumba indlela abanyanzeli bomthetho abaceba ngayo baze benze uphando. Kunokuba baphande ngoko nangoko, amagosa kufuneka alindele imfuneko yobungqina, alungelelane nabatshutshisi, aze anikele imeko yabo kumenzi wezigqibo zobundilele. Oku kunemiphumo emininzi esebenzayo:

  • Uxwebhu olunyusiweyo – iingxelo zomngeniselo zibanenkcukacha ezithe chatha ukuxhasa izicelo ezifuna imvume, ukwenza umzila wephepha onokusetyenziswa enkundleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukutyala nokusebenzisana – amaqela kufuneka oomantyi abafutshane, ngamanye amaxesha atsalwe ngomnxeba okanye nge-elektroniki, kwaye alungiselele inkonzo efike ngexesha elililo.
  • Ixesha lobunzululwazi - Amapolisa angalimisela kuphando kude kufunyanwe isiqinisekiso, esinokuthi sivumele abakrokrele ukuba basabe okanye batshabalalise ubungqina. Oku kufuna ezinye iindlela zophando, ezifana nokuhlola okanye imisebenzi engaphantsi komfihleko, ngexa ulindele ugunyaziso.
  • Ugxininiso oluqeqeshayo – amashishini namasebe anikela ubuncwane obubalulekileyo ukufundisa amagosa indlela yokwenza ii-affidavits ezifanelekileyo, ukuqonda unobangela olindelekileyo, kwaye uqaphele iimeko ezilindelekileyo xa isiqinisekiso singafunwa.

i-Seed:

  • ikhusela amalungelo abemi esiseko somgaqo-siseko – Abaphandi basebenza njengetsheki kumandla olawulo, beqinisekisa ukuba ukukhangela akuzibopheleleli okanye akusekelwanga kwintshukumisa yolwaphulo-mthetho. Uphando lubonise ukuba imfuneko inciphisa umahluko weentlanga ezikwimiqathango nokuphengululo.
  • [[UMTHLOBO: 0] Ukukhangela kufanelekile kwaye kujoliswe kuko – ngokufuna ubungqina obukhethekileyo nemvume yokugweba, imvume yokuhlisa umlinganiselo wokungenelela. Abaphathi abanakukwazi ukuphengulula kwimimandla engahambelaniyo okanye bathabathe impahla ngaphandle kwesizathu.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Iprojekthi esemthethweni yokukhusela ukugcinwa komthetho – Xa amagosa esebenza phantsi kwesiqinisekiso esifunyenwe kakuhle, anandipha ukukhuseleka okufanelekileyo ekumangalelweni kwamakhaya. Esi siqinisekiso sidala imbono yokuba nolwazelelelo, ukukhusela amagosa kwizityholo zokuziphethe kakubi.
  • Intelekelelo yobungqina obuthembekileyo – ngenxa yokuba ukukhangela kubhaliwe kwaye kugunyaziswe ngokugweba, ubungqina abunakucinywa xa kuchotshelwa, bunyusa amathuba okuphumelela kwetyala.

Iingxaki

  • Ulibaziseko lweProtials kuphando -imeko ezingxamisekileyo, ezifana namava okubanjwa okanye ukuthengiselwana ngeziyobisi okuqhubekayo, kusenokungavumeli ixesha elifunekayo ukufumana isiqinisekiso. Amasebe kufuneka asebenzise iinkqubo zomkhondo okhawulezayo okanye axhomekeke kwiimeko ezingaphandle.
  • Ukufumana isiqinisekiso kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo – naxa iimeko zingekho, abaphathi basenokuzama ukunxibelelana nomgwebi emva kweeyure okanye kwiindawo ezikude. Amanye amagunya amkele iimvume ze-'FLT'. ezigunyazisayo okanye iinkqubo ze-elektroniki zokuhlisa oku, kodwa zisekho.
  • Isikhonkwane sobungqina obulahlekileyo ukuba iinkqubo zibambezeleka okanye zithintelwe – ukuba ukrokrela ufunda ngokukhangela okuzayo, angabutshabalalisa ubungqina. Amapolisa angasebenzisa ubusela kunye nomanyano ukunciphisa lomngcipheko, kodwa imfuneko yemvume ngokusuka kumgangatho womntu inyusa amathuba okucingela ukuba ukhenketho lungaqiniseki.
  • [[FLT: 0] Umthwalo wolawulo - Idraft affidavits, ukufumana utyikityo, kunye nokulungisa iiReftware ezisebenzisa ixesha lomphathi-mikhosi elinokuchithwa kweminye imisebenzi. Le ntloko yolawulo ingabaluleka kuphando olukhulu.

Uphuhliso Lwangoku Nezinto Ezikhethekileyo

Ijaji iqaphele ukuba ukubambelela ngokungqongqo ekuqinisekiseni iimfuno kuzo zonke iimeko kuya kwenza ukuba umthetho unyanzeliswe kwaye kubeke ukhuseleko loluntu engozini. Ngenxa yoko, iimeko ezininzi ezimiselwe kakuhle zivumela amapolisa ukuba aphengulule okanye athabathe ngaphandle kwemvume, ukuba nje angenza ngendlela esengqiqweni.

Iimeko Ezimandundu

Xa kukho isisongelo esikhawulezileyo ebomini, umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kobungqina, okanye ukusaba okurhanelwayo, amapolisa angangena kwiindawo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo kukusukela ngokushushu umfolokazi obalekayo: ukuba umphathi ubona umkroti eqhutyelwa endlwini, bangalandela ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso ngenxa yongxamiseko. Ngokufanayo, ukuba amagosa avile isandi sobungqina obutshabalalayo (umz., indlu yangasese ekhutshwa emva kokulahlwa kweziyobisi), bangangena ngokukhawuleza ukuze bagcine ubungqina. Iinkundla zivavanye ukuthelekisa ityala elisekelwe kwimo epheleleyo, zifuna ukuba amapolisa angalenzi mvume ngehambo yawo engenangqiqo.

Khangelani Into Enokuninceda Nibanjwe

Xa umphathi-mikhosi ebopha ngokusemthethweni, bangaphengulula umntu womkhosi kunye nendawo ephakathi kolawulo lwabo olukhawulezileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabaphathi-mikhosi nokukhusela utshaba lobungqina. Oku kunxaxhi akufuni siqinisekiso kuba ukubanjwa ngokwako kunika isizathu esilindelekileyo kwaye ukukhangela kulungiswa ngokunqamlezileyo. IsiChimel v. California [1969], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yalinganisela ukuphendla kwipali yephiko lobamba, isusa onke amagumbi okanye iimoto ngaphandle kokuba kulungile ukulunga okungekhoyo.

Imbono Ecacileyo

Ukuba igosa likho ngokusemthethweni kwindawo ethile kwaye libona ukupheliswa kwenqanawa okanye ubungqina obucacileyo, bangayithabatha ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Indalo echopheleyo mayicace ngoko nangoko, kwaye igosa kufuneka libe nelungelo elisemthethweni lokufikelela. Le mfundiso ivumela amapolisa enze okuthile ekufunyanisweni okungalindelekanga ngexesha elithile okanye ngexesha lokuhlola okusemthethweni okanye ngexesha lokuphatha kakuhle.

Ukukhangela Okusemthethweni

Imvume ayifunwa ukuba umntu uvuma ngokuzithandela ukuphengulula. Kufuneka imvume inikwe ngokukhululekileyo, hayi inyanzeliswe, kwaye umlinganiselo wemvume ulinganiselwe. Umzekelo, ukuvuma ukuphendla isipakethe akukuvumi ukuphengulula ngokuzenzekela ukuphendla i-application ekhuselekileyo. Amapolisa asoloko exhomekeke kwimvume yokuphengulula uphando oluvaliweyo, kodwa abagxeki baphikisa ukuba imvume ayisoloko iqhutywa ngenyani, ingakumbi kumazwana aphezulu. Inkundla ephakamileyo ibambelele ekubeni amagosa angafuni kurhalanywa ukuba amagosa amele akrokrelezwe ngelungelo lawo lokungavumi ukwamkela (.[FLTSTAM] v.[FLTM]], 1973]).

Isinxaxhi senqwelo - mafutha ezizenzekelayo

Ngenxa yokuba izithuthi zihamba-hamba kwaye ziphantsi kokulindela ukuba umntu afumaneke, amapolisa angakhangela isithuthi ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso ukuba anesizathu esinokwenzeka sokukholelwa ukuba siqulethe ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kunxaxhi kwavela ku- Carroll v. United States [1925] kwaye kwandisiwe ukuquka iibhokisi ngaphakathi kwesithuthi. I-live i-'i-'i-transf'' i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'active'''''' i-' i-'i-'i-FLTRLTR'''' i-' i-[[FLTRD''''''' i-1925] kwaye i-yandisiwe yandiswa ukuquka ukudibanisa iibhokisi ngaphakathi kwemoto-omatileyi-moto. I-moto i-trayi-transfer'erkip'injini'injini'injini'iiinjini'iiiiinjini

Ukukhangela kwamanani kunye nobuninzi

Iminyaka yamanani iye yavelisa ucelomngeni olungazange lubonwe kwimfuno zesithethe. Iicell phone, ii-laptops, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwamafu luqulathe uninzi lolwazi lobuqu, olungaphezulu kakhulu kwenkonkxa yomzimba. Riley v. IKhalifoniya [2014], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yawisa umthetho wokuba amapolisa afune imvume yokukhangela icell phone ebanjwayo, eqonda ukubala izilangazelelo ze-mfono ezinkulu ezisemgceni. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kweGPS kwizixhobo ze-mfole ehambayo kufuna isiqinisekiso, njengoko kumiselwe United States. Jones

Izixhobo zokujonga ngamanani ezifana neenkqubo zeseli (Ii-Stingray) kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwi-metadata ye-imeyili kubangele amadabi aqhubekayo asemthethweni. Ulwandiso Lonxibelelwano (18 U.S.C. 7673) lufuna isiqinisekiso sokuqulathiweyo konxibelelwano lwezibonelelo ze-elektroniki kodwa luvumela imigangatho esezantsi yemida kwiimeko ezithile. Okwangoku, ulwandiswano olukhawulezileyo lwembonakalo yobuso, i-drone calpherac, kunye nelayisensi yelayisensi esetyenziswa yi-active plack ivavanya imida yesiHluli sesine soHluli. IiNkundla zihamba kunye nokuba ezi zisenza ubugcisa "phelo olufuna ukwenziwa" olufanelekileyo nesiqinisekiso.

Imisebenzi Esebenzisekayo Yamasebe Amapolisa

Isiqinisekiso esigunyazisa ukuba abameli bomthetho balungelelanise iinkqubo zabo, uqeqesho nobugcisa babo.

  • Uqeqesho lwesicelo olucacileyo – izikolo zifundisa abaphathi ukuba babhale ngokucacileyo, ngokushwankathelayo ii-affidavits ezimelana nokuvavanywa kwetyala. Kwakhona baqeqeshela ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi bayakwazi xa benokwenza ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ubugcisa bolwazi lwezibonelelo zomthetho ezikwenye indawo -amazwe amaninzi amkele iinkqubo zemvume ze-elektroniki ezivumela abaphathi ukuba bangenise ii-affidavits ngokukhuselekileyo okanye ngonxibelelwano nabagwebi, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Uhlolo lobunjani – Ukunciphisa iimpazamo, amanye amasebe afuna umphathi ukuvumela izicelo zogunyaziso phambi kokuthobela. Eli nyathelo liyongeza umaleko wolawulo lomgangatho kodwa linokucothisa imisebenzi.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Iziphathi-mikhosi zemali – amasebe amakhulu amapolisa aqesha amagqwetha kwindlu okanye asebenzisane nabatshutshisi ukuphinda ahlole isiqinisekiso esintsonkothileyo se-affidavits, ingakumbi kwiimeko zobungqina bamanani.

Ngaphandle koqeqesho olufanelekileyo, abaphathi-mikhosi bangaphula imfuneko yemvume bengaqondanga, ekhokelela ekucinezeleni kobungqina kunye noxanduva lwabemi. Iimeko eziphezulu ze-profile ezifana Utah v. Strieff (2016) ibonisa ubuntsonkotha bemiba enxulumene nemvume. Kulo mzekelo, iNkundla ivumele ubungqina obusuka ekumeni okuye kwaba yiziphumo zokuphendla okungekho mthethweni ngaphambili kodwa apho umphathi wafumana khona isiqinisekiso esibalaseleyo. Isigqibo siye saphikisana, sibalase indlela enokuthi ingabikho ngqinelani yemithetho.

Ukulungelelanisa Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nenkululeko Yabemi

Uxinzeleleko phakathi kobupolisa obunempumelelo namalungelo omntu lulucelomngeni olungapheliyo. Abaxhasi beemfuno ezinamandla baphikisa ngelithi kubalulekile ukugcina intembelo phakathi komthetho kunye noluntu abalufumanayo. Xa abemi besazi ukuba ukukhangela akunyanzelekanga, basenokusebenzisana namapolisa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abahlalutyi baphawula ukuba imfuneko engqongqo efunekayo inokuthintela uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu, olunjengobugrogrisi, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, okanye ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi, apho isantya sinzima.

Abaququzeleli bomthetho kunye neenkundla ziyaqhubeka zicombulula imilinganiselo yophawu lobulungisa. Umzekelo, PARITOTS UMthetho (2001] amandla okhangelo olwandisiweyo kuvuko lwe 9/11, ivumela iimvume ezilibazisiweyo (iimvume ze-sneak- ne-peek) kunye nokufikelela okubanzi kwiirekhodi zeshishini. Kutshanje, u- USUSA INFUBS Act [ (20) Inikezelwe kwakhona kwingqokelela ethile yogcino-data enzima, iqinisekisa imfuneko yemiqathango yonikezelo.

Ngokwehlabathi, [[NTL:0] ukhuselo-lwazi olubanzi lokukhusela ugcino-lwazi (GDPR) eYurophu lunyuse ibhari yokugcinwa komthetho kugcino-lwazi lwamanani, ifuna ulawulo oluzimeleyo nolungelelwaniso. Le migangatho ejikelezayo ibonisa uvumo lwehlabathi lonke lokuba imfuneko kufuneka ziqhelane notshintsho lobugcisa ngexesha ugcino lwenkululeko olungundoqo.

Imouse Yexesha Elizayo

Njengoko ubugcisa buhambela phambili, imfuneko efunekayo izakujamelana neengcinezelo ezintsha. Ubuchule bokwenza izinto, ubuchule bobupolisa, kunye nezivo ezisasazekileyo zingenza iimeko apho uphengululo lunokwenzeka ngaphandle kongenelelo olungqalileyo lomntu, kuphakanyiswa imibuzo malunga naxa imfuneko iyimfuneko. Imithetho isenokufuna ukuseka imithetho ecacileyo yokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluzenzekelayo kunye nophengululo lwe-algorithm.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwe iikhamera zomzimba kunye ne-dashboard kamera yenza ubuninzi bevidiyo enokubuye ihlolwe ukwenzela ukukhokela kophando. Iinkundla azikathethi ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukuqwalasela unyawo olulolo luluxanduva kudala "ukukhangela" okufuna isiqinisekiso. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe kwe-evonces withs[[]], okucelela indawo yogcino-lwazi lwazo zonke izixhobo kwindawo yendawo esendaweni engqongileyo.

Kwiminyaka ezayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho efunekayo, ukuzimela, kunye nokusebenza kwamapolisa kuya kuhlala kungummandla onamandla womthetho. Amasebe amapolisa afaka imali ekuqeqesheni ngamandla, kwiinkqubo ezibonisayo, nakuzibopheleleni zoluntu anokukwazi ukuqhuba ezi ntsogotheko ngoxa exhasa imigaqo yomgaqo-siseko.

Isiphelo

Imfuno eziqinileyo ziyinxalenye esisiseko yenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho lwaseMerika, esekelwe ngokunzulu kukhuseleko loMphetho-mthetho wesine ekuphandeni nasekuxhuzuleni okungekho ngqiqweni. Zibumba lonke icandelo lophando lwamapolisa, ukusuka kubungqina bokuqala ukuhlanganisa ukubulawa nokubanjwa. Nangona ezi mfuneko zimisela imiqobo ekhubazayo, zikwasebenza indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni inkululeko yomntu ngamnye, ukuqinisekisa ukuphendula, nokunika amagosa asebenza ngokholo olulungileyo ikhusi elisemthethweni.

Iindawo ezingafaniyo kunye nenkqubela-phambili yobugcisa yangoku iyaqhubeka iphinda isetyenziswe imfuneko yokugunyaziswa. Amapolisa kufuneka ahlale ephaphile ekuqondeni ileta yomthetho kunye neenkcazelo ezizinzileyo ezinikezelwa ziinkundla. Ngokulungelelanisa imfuneko yokugcinwa komthetho ngokunempumelelo kunye nokuzibophelela kwimigaqo-siseko, amasebe ayakwazi ukugcina ukuthembana noluntu yaye aphumeze iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kwimeko-bume entsonkothileyo.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya koMgqino-mva wesi-4 weSigqibo soMphetho kunye nemvume ekhethekileyo, bona inkcazo yeCandelo lolwazi lomthetho wecandelo le-Octs kunye ne-New York Times yesi-Chomistting [uMbembo weSine soLawulo] iphepha lomxholo we-. Ukongeza, [[FLT:]] icandelo lomthetho we-Melika-Melika liyi-[[FLT] icandelo lobulungisa [] linikezela ngobuncwane bangoku kwingxoxo ekhoyo yokufuna-ne-iz--iz---------izrect.