Ulwalamano lukawonke-wonke (PR) luvele njengembombo yolawulo lwentlekele, ibumba indlela abantu abaphila ngayo, bachaphazeleka ngayo, yaye ekugqibeleni bomelezwa ngayo emva kweziganeko eziyingozi. Ibala lihamba ngaphaya kweengxelo zejenali; limalunga neenkqubo zokwakha ukuthembana, ukukhanya, kunye nenjongo eyahlukeneyo egcina uluntu ludibene xa izibonelelo zokoqobo, iinkokhelo zezentlalo zibuthathaka kakhulu. Eli nqaku lihlola indima eninzi yePR kwindima yePR kugcino-pasesster, ukuphumelela kwemeko ende yothengiso, kwaye linika amacebo asebenzayo asekelwe kwimpumelelo yehlabathi lokwenene. Ngokuqonda amandla obuchule bolwalamano lukawonke-wonke, abaphathi abangakhuthanga zinkokeli, kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangakhuthaza ukuba kungaveli kuphela unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo kodwa kuxandulo oluphambili lwexesha lokulungisa ulwano olulungeleneyo.

Indima Esisiseko Yolwalamano Loluntu Kulawulo Lwentlekele

Unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo njengomgaqo

Xa kufikelelwa yintlekele. (nangona iziphumo zendalo, ezobugcisa, okanye ezomntu) ubuchule bonxibelelwano bungathetha umahluko phakathi kwesiphithiphithi kunye nocwangco. Iingcali zonxibelelwano zisebenza njengelichpin phakathi kwamasebe asemthethweni kunye noluntu oluchaphazelekileyo, ukuguqulela imiyalelo entsontela enzima yexesha likaxakeka kwisikhokelo esicacileyo, esisebenzisekayo. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo “kwiyure zegolide” ngokukhawuleza ukulandela isiganeko, xa amarheyiva kunye nenkcazelo egqwethiweyo zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunesiganeko ngokwaso. Uphando olusuka kwi- izinxulumanisi zezifo nothintelo [[ ugxininisa ukuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo, elichanekileyo, kunye nonxibelelwano lusisixhobo esiphambili sokukhusela ubomi nokunciphisa umonakalo ophakathi. Amaqela e-PR kufuneka asebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nemeko-data, iinkcuntlunts, iinkokeli zezo zobulali zezezopoliti zezezo zezezo zezenzululwazi zezenzululwazi zendalo kunye nezobupolitiki.

Ulungelelwaniso Lomyalezo Womxhasi

Iintlekele zibandakanya i-'qumrhu elidibeneyo' labasebenzi abanobuchule bokulungisa: amasebe karhulumente, amasebe ongxamiseko, amasebe esizwe, izibhedlele, imibutho yoncedo oluluncedo, amaqabane azimeleyo, kunye nezikhundla zonxibelelwano. Ngaphandle kolwakhiwo olumanyanisayo lonxibelelwano, la maqela adla ngokuthumela imiyalezo engqubanayo okanye edibeneyo edida iimpendulo zikawonke wonke. Amagosa oluntu adwelisa iinkqubo zomthetho, amisela abameli abasemthethweni, akha amaziko olwazi oludityanisiweyo adibanisa bonke abantu phantsi kwengxelo enye. Umzekelo, umgangatho we-FEter Emeter Emeternamed Agency Agency (FM) amagosa amaziko oluntu asebenza kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni ukuze alungele ukuvalelana kweminyango, ukunikezela nokuthembeka kwelizwi kwisigqibo esiphezulu.[5]

Ukwakha Ukuthembana Nomthetho Osemthethweni Kwingxaki

Ukungathembani Nendlela IPR Ekuvala Ngayo

Ukuthembana yimali yokuphendula ngempumelelo kwintlekele, kodwa kudla ngokuba yimali yokuqala ukungxwelerha kwengxaki. Xa abantu bevakalelwa kukuba bashiywe, balahlekisiwe, okanye batyeshelwe, abanakukwazi ukulandela imiyalelo yokufuduswa kwelizwe, ukwamkela uncedo, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokulungisa. Ulwalamano loluntu luthetha ngqo ngokuthembeka, ukungaguquguquki, kunye nokuthobeka. Ufundo lwezibonelelo olubhaliweyo olupapashiweyo olupapashwa kwi- Journal [iintement] yeContinmotion kunye neCrisis Management system [ lufumanise ukuba abaxhasi abavumi bavumile yaye bathetha phandle ngoko kungenakuthenjwa ngakumbi kunaleyo iprojective inte yobuxoki. Abasebenzi kufuneka balwe nokuzinziswa kwentengo zemali.

Ukuxhasa igalelo eliyinyaniso

Usasazo oluphezulu lwe-media lwanele kwiimeko zentlekele, apho iimeko zendawo eziphezulu kakhulu zahluka ngokuphawulekayo. Amaphulo empumelelo ePR abandakanya iinkokeli zoluntu, imibutho esekelwe kukholo, imithombo-ndaba yobuhlanga, kunye namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni njengeqela elinonxibelelwano. La majelo athembekileyo anxibelelanisa imiyalezo nenkcazo yenkcubeko nezolwimi, ukuphendulana kwezenzo zoloyiko, kwaye akhuthaza intsebenziswano olusemgangathweni kunokwenziwa ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi nayiphi na igosa-mikhosi ephezulu e-PRGrouaktoine e-201717 abona amagosa asezixekweni kunye nezitishina ze-radiyo ze-Spanish kunye neemibutho lecawashina ze-amstiki, kunye nezokukhukula ulwazi olukhuselekileyo. Ukufikelela ekuqondeni ukuba ukholo olunganikwanga; kufuneka luvelelwe ngomanyano olubonakalayo, olunentlonelo. Ulwano lwezentengo zasekuhlaleni kufuneka luvelwano lwezelo lwangaphambili lolwalamano lweziko, ngoko ke oko kumele ukuba kuhlali

Iiprojekthi zePR ezilungiselelwe iPostgradeDisaster Resilience

Uthungelwano oluqukunjelweyo

Ngoxa iPR isenza iziphumo ezininzi zentlekele, isenza iziganeko ezithe tye kwaye iphendula imibuzo, i-odolo olunamandla lukwamkela unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo olulindele iimfuno zexesha elizayo. Iindlela ezisebenzayo ziquka isikhokelo esibhalwe kwangaphambili seziphumo zentlekele eqhelekileyo, uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo lolwazi-lwazi lwamagosa, kunye namaphulo olwazi oluthe rhoqo oluthe ngqo olunxulumene noncedo longxamiseko. Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo, kwelinye icala, lugxininisa ukulungisa iintetho ezithe ngqiba, ukubhekisa amarhethetho kwixesha lokwenene, kunye nokulawula umjikelezo weendaba ukuze kugcinwe ucace gcawulo. Indlela elungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-projectivesting (umzekelo, ukuchaza icebo lokuchachachachanamisa) ngoxa kusoloko kusenziwa iziganeko ezingalindelekilengalindelekilenga. [[FLD:0]

Isiqhagamshelanisi esininzi kunye nokufikelela okuqukuqela

Akukho mjelo mnye wonxibelelwano ufikelela kuwo onke amalungu oluntu olwahlukeneyo. Emva kwentlekele esebenzayo i-PR isebenzisa umxube wezixhobo zekhompyutha (iingqungquthela, iingxoxo zoonomathotholo, izibhengezo zosasazo, ii-direyidi zamanani (iiwebhusayithi ze-inthaneti, imithombo yentlalo-ntle yonxibelelwano), kunye nentsebenziswano ye-PRGB (iiintlanganiso ze-PR, i-PGPGP kumnyango we-ofisi ye-menu ekhoyo). Isitshixo siyasebenza ukuba ukuba ukuba amandla arhoxa athoba i-intanethi, oonomathotholo bebhetrinethi, kunye nezinto zokushicilela izinto zisathwala umyalezo. Ngaphezulu, ukukhubazeka okuqulukileyo (ukuchaza ulwimi olucacileyo, ulwimi oluqhelekileyo, ulwimi oluqhelekileyo, . printrectal format) asiyiyo emva kokucinga kwe-mthetho ne-mthetho-octive ofisi ye-R (UN.U.U.)

Ukuphulaphula Neevenkile Ezinemiphumo Ebuhlungu

Unxibelelwano luziindlela ezimbini ezihambayo. Iindlela ezibhenca nje ulwazi ngaphandle ngaphandle kobuchule obunika ingxelo ingqwalaselo enokuba yi-partive gradeaf. Ukuphulaphula kuthatha uhlobo lwezikhewu ezishushu zemibuzo yoluntu, ukuphulaphula intlalo-ntle ukuva amarhe okanye iimfuno, uphando olusasazwa kumaziko oncedo, kunye neentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo ze-PR. Ingxelo eqokeleliweyo kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngaphandle kweziphumo ze-Q&A kufuneka i-eap ephepheni. I-adingggrain kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye isetyenziswe ukulungisa i-injini, ingeniso yemali, okanye kwaneeeeeeyona zinto ziphambili. Umzekelo, emva komsebenzi wonxibelelwano we-201818 Kampuma eParadise, iKhali, abasindileyo bavakalisa ukudideka okuditya okusetyenziswa koncedo lwe-FEMA. Abaphathi bolwazi lukawonke baphendula ngokudala ukwenza inyathelo sevidiyo kunye nezikhokelo sesicelo sesicelo senkonzo esiluncedo esiluncedo.

Ukuchacha nokulungiselelwa kwephulo

Ukufuduka Kwingxaki Kuye Kulula Ukukhululeka

Indima yonxulumano lukawonke-wonke ayipheli xa abazamkeli bongxamiseko behamba. Ulungiso lwexesha elide ludla ngokuthatha iminyaka emininzi lubandakanya iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwezindlu, ukubuyiselwa kweenkonzo zempilo yengqondo, ukuvuselelwa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwesiseko senkqubo. Ebudeni beli nqanaba, iPR kufuneka ijikeleze ukusuka kwizinto ezingxamisekileyo zoluntu ukuze izenze unxulumano oluqhubekayo. Amaqela asenokujolise ingqalelo kwinkqubela eqaqambileyo, ukuqokelela amavolontiya, ukuxhasa imali yokwakha izimali, kunye nokukhuthaza utshintsho lwenkqubo enciphisa umngcipheko wexesha elizayo. Into ebalulekileyo yingxelo echazayo, iziphumo zexesha elizayo kunye nemibutho eyabancedayo yabancedayo ingqalelo yoluntu kunye nenkxaso kudala ixesha elide emva kokuhamba kweekhamera.

Amanyathelo Okufundisa Ngexesha Elizayo

Ngala maqela afunda kwintlekele aze alungiselele enye. Abasebenzi basePR bangayila amaphulo okufundisa ngezo zinto zicwangcisayo , ukuvelisa amaziko onxibelelwano lwentsapho, ukufunda iCPR, nokuqonda iindlela zokufuduka. La maphulo kufuneka adityaniswe kwizikolo, iinkqubo zokhuseleko emsebenzini, kunye neziganeko zoluntu zokuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi. Ukutshintsha kwemikhwa enjalo eqhutywayo kudla ngokuvela kwingcamango yomhla kaxakeka, nto leyo ecebisa ukuba abantu bafunde ngokuqwalasela abanye. Umboniso we-Fitating Relagetablengs, abefundisi basekuhlaleni, abalungisele iincwadana ezingezizo zoluntu.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Oko Sikufundayo Kwintsimi

Inkanyamba UKatrina Nokwakhiwa Kwakhona Kokholo

Inkanyamba uKatrina (2005) iseyisifundo esicacileyo ngendlela unxulumano lukawonke-wonke olungaphumelelanga ngayo ukudibanisa intlekele. Unxibelelwano lwangaphambili lwalonakalisa iintetho eziphikisanayo, ukulibazisela ukufuduka, nokungabi nagunya elicacileyo, okwakhokelela ekudidekeni nasekulahlekelweni kobomi. Ngokomphumo, isixeko sase-New Orleans nesombuso yaseLouisiana sawahluza amacebo abo okunxibelelana. Ngonyaka ka-2010, basungula iZiko lolwazi lwasekuhlaleni loluntu, baqesha amagosa aqeqeshiweyo angolwazi olusemgangathweni ukuze baphucule utshintsho. Mhlawumbi, bavelisa inkqubo yokungena kwintlanganiso ehlala elumelwaneyo, enokuba nenza ubuchule bokuphinda baphinde baqhubeke ulwe--luvo olunyanisekileyo, ngenxa yonxibelelwano oluye lwaselunokuqhubeka ngobuchule, ngenxa yobuchule, ngenxa yolwando oluye lwamanyuko, ulwe luye lwamanyuko, ngokusebenza ngobuchule.

Unxibelelwano Olunempembelelo EJapan Emva Kwenyikima NeTsunami Yowe - 2011

Ukusabela kwe-Tohoku netsunami kudla ngokuchazwa njengemodeli yonxibelelwano olunempumelelo lwentlekele. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa emva kwenyikima, i-Arhente yeMeteorological Agency yaseJapan yakhupha isilumkiso se-tsunami kumabonwakude, kunomathotholo, kwiinkqubo zenqwelo-moya, nakwinkqubo yokunika intetho kawonke-wonke. Kodwa impumelelo yePR yelizwe yadlula kubugcisa: yaxhomekeka kakhulu kwimpucuko eqinileyo yokulungisa nokusebenzisana kwemibutho yabantu. Iikomiti zentlekele zasekuhlaleni, ezaziquka abameli bezikolo, amashishini, kunye namaziko aphezulu, zaziye zaqhelisela imigaqo yonxibelelwano kangangeminyaka emininzi. Xa le mibutho ye-pregreea echule yavelisa imiyalelo, idlulisela imiyalelo yokuthuthwa kwemiqatha kunye nekhusi ngolwazi ngegama lika-creafüce, kwanayi, kwana xa imibutho yezonganyele yoluntu ephezulu.

Impembelelo yePR elinganisiweyo kwiimeko zentlekele

Akwanele ukuvelisa unxibelelwano olulungileyo; abenzi be-PR kufuneka balinganise ukuphumelela kwabo ekucoceni iindlela zokulungisa nokubonakalisa ixabiso. Iimics eziqhelekileyo ezifana neembono zonxibelelwano okanye ukucofa iziphumo ze-octive azidibanisi zincinane kakhulu kumsebenzi wentlekele. Iintelekelelo ezinentsingiselo ziquka: utshintsho oluqhelekileyo ekuthobeleni izindululo zoluntu, unciphiso olunxulumene nokungabikho konxibelelwano, ulwandiso olunxulumene nokwenza uphazeleko, ulwandiso olunxulumene noncedo, uhlolo lwendlela lokusebenza, kunye novavanyo lwexesha elide lwe-frams. [[FLT]] ukhokelo olunethweswe ngumatshini [[[FLT] lunokunga ukhokelo lwezibonelelo oluqhelekileyo oluphakathi kolwimi oluninzi nolunonxibelelwano oluthe kratya emva kolwazi oluthe tye.

Ucelomngeni Nenkcaso Efanelekileyo

Ulwalamano lukawonke-wonke lwentlekele luzaliswe ziingxaki ezingokokuziphatha. Uxinzelelo lokubonisa iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zinokukhokelela ekuphoseni, ukuxabanisa, okanye ekuzigobeni iindaba ezimbi . Zonke ezitshabalalisa ukuthembana. Oogqirha kufuneka basebenzise umgca olungileyo phakathi kokunika ithemba nokubhekiselela kumbindi womonakalo. Ngaphezu kokungakhathalelwa komonakalo ophazamisayo: ukudodobala komdla okhoyo okanye ukulibazisa uncedo, ngoxa iingxelo ezicacileyo zinokubuyisela abasindileyo kunye neenkonzo zempilo ezithelekisayo. Izakhono ezifanelekileyo zengqondo zifuna ubuchule kunye nesibopho kwimfuno yequmkelo yasekuhlaleni ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ingeniso iinqobo ikukungaqiniseki: ukungabikho kwabantu abanikezeli okanye abaceli abaceli-mali abambalwa, kwaye kufuneka bathembele kwizivumelwano eziphakathi kolawulo oluphakathi kommelwane, iziphumo zezixhobo zezixhobo zonxibelelwano, kunye nee-Edictive, kunye nee-odolation, xa zithenwa, zithenwa, zide zihlale ii-odolo-o-o-o

Isiphelo

Ukwakha imimandla ekwaziyo ukwakha imimandla elungelelanisiweyo emva kwentlekele kusisenzo sonxibelelwano olumanyeneyo. Unxulumano loluntu lulungiselela unxibelelwano, luguqula ukuphazamiseka okulungeleleneyo, ukukrokra ekubeni kukuthembeka, nokusinda kwexeshana kube kukuguqulwa kwexesha elide. Ukusuka kwimfuno engxamisekileyo yezilumkiso zomguli kumsebenzi wokwakha ikomkhulu lentlalo, i-PR ngamaqabane abalulekileyo kwisigaba ngasinye solawulo lwentlekele. Ubungqina, obuthathwe kokubini kophando lwemfundo yemfundo yemfundo kunye namava okwenyani ehlabathi, bubonisa ukuba imimandla efaka imali kwizinto ezifanelekileyo, ngokwemilinganiselo, kwaye i-ok amanani ahlukeneyo kawonke abantu anokuphumelela, anokuphumelela, kwaye ukuphucula unxulumano lwasekuhlaleni akunakwenziwa kuphela kwintlekele kodwa kulungiswa nako, kodwa kulungiswa nako ukumanyana kwemozulu.