Kwezopolitiko zanamhlanje zokhetho lwamaMelika, zimbalwa imikhosi esebenzayo elungelelanisiweyo ngokunzulu njengemibutho efuna imali yokuyisebenzisa. IiKomiti zesenzo zezobupolitika ezinganxulunyaniswanga zivele njengabadlali abalawulayo kunyulo lwamazwe, ingakumbi ekujikelezeni apho amacandelo amancinane okuvota anokufumana iziphumo zesizwe. Ezi komiti zisebenza ngaphandle konxulumano olusemthethweni kumanyathelo aphambili okanye amaqumrhu, ukanti amandla azo emali kunye nobuchule bazo bokuzilawula zivumela ukuba zibumbe imekobume yolwazi, zihlanganise amacandelo athile ovoti, kwaye ziphembelele impikiswano ephambili kawonke wonke umntu. Ukuqonda indlela abangenaludibani na-PCs asebenza ngayo, apho zifaka ingqalelo khona izibonelelo zawo, kwaye oko zivelisa iziphumo eziyimfuneko kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda amandla oonoveli bemfazwe kwimimandla yemfazwe yemfazwe.

Ichaza iiPacs ezingaQhagamshelwanga kwiNkangeleko yePhondo

I-PAC ezingezizo ezidityanisiweyo ziikomiti ezizimeleyo zenkcitho kuphela eziphakamisa kunye nokuchitha imali ukuphembelela unyulo lwesizwe ngaphandle kokuququzelela abathathi-nxaxheba okanye amaqela ezobupolitika. Isakhiwo somthetho sokulawula le mibutho satshintshwa ngokusisiseko yimisebenzi emibini emikhulu: isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2010 iSinyuko se-United[LT] v.FEC kunye nenkundla esezantsi elandelayo ephantsi yezomthetho Speech Ngoku unobumba.org v.FEC. Ezi zigqibo zimiselo zinyuse imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni kwezopolitiki yemibutho, imibutho, nemibutho engaxhaswangaphiyo, kwaye ive ibonelela ngokungenamtya kwinkcitho.

IKhomishini yoNqumlo loManyano i-PACs eyahlula ii-PACs ezingeyontlukwano kwi-PACs, ezinxulunyaniswa ngokusemthethweni nombutho oxhasayo ofana nombutho, umbutho wabasebenzi, okanye umbutho worhwebo. I-PACs ijongene nemali engqongqo yomnikelo kwaye kufuneka isebenzise ingxowa-mali eyahlukeneyo edityanisiweyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iquka oko kubizwa ngokuba yiPACILE, okunokuthi kwamkele iminikelo engenakusikelwa ngabantu ngabanye, imibutho, imibutho, kunye nemibutho, kunye neHybrid PAC, egcina zombini ityala wesithethe wePAC kwimida ye-PAC, kunye ne-PUPC ye-APC ephezulu ngenxa yokuzixakeka okungasikelelwa.

Ngaphandle kwezi komiti zibhalisiweyo ngokusemthethweni, imekobume enxulumeneyo yemibutho engangeni ngeniso ecaciswe phantsi kweCandelo 501(c)(4) leMpatho yeNgeniso yangaphakathi ibandakanyeka kumsebenzi wezopolitiko ngaphandle kokukhupha abanikeli bayo. La maqela "Imali engalawuleki" angachitha ukukhuphisana nokukhutshwa kwemali kunye nokuvota lo msebenzi logama nje imicimbi yezobupolitika ingeyonjongo yawo ephambili, idala umjelo othelekisane nempembelelo encinci kakhulu kune-PACs eqhelekileyo. Intlanganiselwa ye-PACIs kunye nemali emnyama ivelise iphulo lemali yemali eshicinezelo lobupolitiki apho imithombo yezopolitiki isoloko ithetha lukhuthaze ivotilo.

Isakhiwo semali sePacs ezinganxibelelaniyo

Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwemali engadityaniswanga ne-PAC ukhule ngokuphawulekayo ngaphaya kweshumi leminyaka elidluleyo. Kunyaka wonyulo wama-2020 kuphela, i-PACs nezinye iikomiti ezizimeleyo ezithelekisa inkcitho kuphela zanyuswa zaza zachitha ngaphezu kwee-$2.5 bhiliyoni, ngokwe-data evela i-Opensets[. Oku kuchitha imali kugxininiswe kakhulu phakathi kwenani elincinane le-megadoners, kuquka abantu abanosukelo lwemali, izilangazelelo zenkampani, nemibutho yemibutho ejonge impembelelo yezobupolitika njengeziphumo zemali.

I-PACs engadityaniswanga isebenzisa izibonelelo zayo ngaphaya kwamajelo amaninzi. Izibhengezo zikamabonwakude zihlala zilona qela likhulu lenkcitho, ingakumbi kwiintengiso zorhwebo-majelo eendaba ezibiza imali eninzi ezijinga-jinga-jingayo. Izibhengezo zamanani zikhule ngokukhawuleza, zinika amandla acacileyo okujolisa i-PAC avumela ukuhambisa imiyalezo edityanisiweyo kwiinxalenye ezithile zamanani namazwe. Iposi engqalileyo, iibhanki, kunye nemisebenzi yasemasimini yokuqokelela i-PC.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yangoku yisithuba sokwaphula. Ngelixesha ii-PAC eziphezulu kufuneka zibeke ingxelo ngabanikeli bazo kwi-FEC, zingafumana imali evela kwiintlangano eziphetheyo, njenge 501(c)(4) iingeniso okanye iinkampani zetyala ezisikelwe umda ezifihla umthombo wokuqala wemali. Lo msebenzi, maxa wambi ubizwa ngokuba "udlulisa- ngokugqitha" inkxaso-mali, uvumela abanikeli ukuba bahlale befihliwe kwimbono kawonke wonke ngexa kusenjalo kuphembele unyulo. Brenan Center yeJalate yeJaji yeJaji yeJanube [ ibhale ingxelo yokuba kwimijikelezo zakutshanje, indawo eninzi ye-PC inkxaso-mali ephezulu ivela kwimithombo engachazwangachazwanga, ibangela ukuba i-unyuswa kwemithetho yoshicilelo ikhupho iqiniseke.

Isizathu Sokuba Amajelo Atsala Amaqela Aphambili

Amatyala okutsala afumana isabelo esingenakulinganiswa se-PAC esetyenziswa ngokungekho mgangathweni kuba i-VC e-odola yawo yenza igalelo eliphezulu kakhulu kutyalo-mali lwezopolitiko. Kumazwe apho iziphumo zonyuso zithe zaxelwa kwangaphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwemali eyongezelelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukutshintsha iziphumo. Kumazwe akwidabi, noko, imida emincinane ithetha ukuba kwaneinguqu ezindilisekileyo kwi-vhoti okanye ukuphembelela kungasombulula iziphumo kwiqela elinye okanye kwelinye.

Inkqubo ye-Electoral College yenza le misebenzi isebenze. Amaphulo obuongameli ajolise ingqalelo egqwesileyo kumaphondo okhuphiswano, kwaye ama-PAC anganxulumaniyo alandela indlela efanayo. Ngo-2020, amaphondo aphezulu amahlanu emfazwe ehlabathi — Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, neGeorgia — athe afikelela ngaphezu kwama-60 ekhulwini azo zonke iinkcitho ezizimeleyo kugqatso lwamaphondo, nangona emela malunga nohlanga olunye loluntu lwesizwe. Olu lwabiwo lwezibonelelo ludala icebo elinembuyekezo ezithi kulo i-Rofficesting xa ejikelezayo, i-intengths, iposi, kunye no-magentelliges kumazwe angekho mgani.

Uphando olusuka kwi [[FLT: 0] Brooking Institution lubonise ukuba iseti yeemeko zokhuphiswano itshintsha-tshintsha kwixesha ngokwendlela yamanani, utshintsho, kunye nobuchule bezopolitiko basekuhlaleni. I-PAC engadityaniswanga kufuneka isoloko iphinda-phinde iphindaphinde ijonge ukuba ngowuphi na ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwaye inike ubuncwane bayo ngokufanelekileyo. Le ngqokelela yemithetho ichazwa ngokucotha okuntsonta okuntsontayo, ukufuzisela, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwembali oluvumela uPaCs ukuba aphawule imigca esebenzayo kunye neecandelo ezijoliswe kwixhoba ngokuchanekileyo.

Izixhobo zobuchule

Ugcino-lwazi- Isijikelezi-

I-PAC ezingeyoyo-odityanisiweyo zangoku zisebenza njengemibutho engenisa ugcino-lwazi. Zithenga okanye ziphuhlisa iifayile ezidibanisa ulwazi lwabemi, indlela yokuvota yangaphambili, ugcino-lwazi, kunye nokhetho lwabathengi kwinkcazelo entsonkothileyo yevoti. Isebenzisa imodeli yezibalo, i-PAC ingahlula icandelo lonyulo ngokwemiqathango esekelwe kunokwenzeka ukuxhasa umvoti othile, ukunokwenzeka kokujika ukuvota, nokusabela kwimiyalezo ethile ekhethekileyo.

Oku kusetyenziswa kwemincinane kuvumela ii-PAC ukuba zidlulisele izibhengezo ezahlukeneyo kubaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo, kwanakwindawo enye yentengiso yothengiso. Umama wasedolophini angafumana imiyalezo ejoliswe kwinkxaso-mali yemfundo nakwiindleko zonyango, ngelixa umnini-khaya wasemaphandleni enokuthi ajoliswe kwizibhengezo ezingerhafu zempahla kunye nenkqubo yamandla. Amaqonga amanani enza ukuba le njongo ikwazi ukufikelela kwicandelo elithile le-PAC elinovota elinemiyalezo efana nenkxalabo nemithetho yawo eyaziwayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi kuvumela iPAC ukuba ilinganise impumelelo yokuchitha kwazo ixesha elifutshane. Ngokulandelela utshintsho kumanani okuvota, amaqondo okudibana, kunye noqikelelo lwamanani, iPACs ingalungisa iindlela zazo phakathi kwibhayisekile, ukutshintsha kwezibonelelo ezingaphantsi kokusebenza kokwenza utyalo-mali kumathuba anika amathuba anika utshintsho olubalulekileyo olungeyonxinzelelwano lwe-PAC olusebenzayo olubalulekileyo kuneenjongo ezincinci zoqhagamshelwano logcino-lwazi.

Ukubhenela Nokungafundi

Ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zisoloko zijolise imiyalezo yazo ngqo kwinkxaso yabavoti. Endaweni yoko, zifaka imali eninzi ekunikezeleni ingxubusho ethetha ngenkqubo yefreyimu ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kubathathi-nxaxheba okanye abachasi. I-PAC exhasa iDemocratic abathathi-nxaxheba isenokuqhuba iphulo elixhasweyo lokubhengeza ukufumaneka kolwazi lwempilo okanye ukudalwa komsebenzi, ukudibanisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kwiDidemocratic shart ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ababukeli ukuba bavote umntu othile. I-PAC elungele ukusetyenziswa kwentengiso ekhuthaza ukufuduka okanye umgaqo wezoqoqosho, isenza imekobume elungileyo yemali efuna ukufuduka.

Le ndlela iqwalaselweyo inika inzuzo esemthethweni. Inkcitho yenkululeko exhasa ngokucacileyo unyulo okanye ukoyiswa komvotisi iphantsi kokutyhilwa kunye nokulayishwa kwemithetho. Ukuvavanywa kolawulo, ngexa kusajoliswe ukuphembelela iziphumo zonyulo, isebenza kwindawo engwevu elungele ukunikezela ii-PACs ngokucace okuncinane. Umgca phakathi kwenkupho yokukhutshwa konyulo nokukhutshwa komnxeba uyakhuphiswa, kwaye i-PACs ityhalela imida yalo yokwahlulwa kolu khetho.

Ukhuthuzo lweVoter kunye nocinezelo

Ngaphandle kwentengiso, i-PAC iveliswa kwimiqathango yokuvota eqokelela imigudu enokuthi ichaphazele ngqo imilinganiselo yokujika. Ezi ziquka ukuvala isango ukuya kwisango, ukubophelela iibhanki, amaphulo okuthumela umyalezo, kunye nezixhobo zamanani ezinceda abaxhasi bafumane iindawo zokuvota, ukucela iposi kwibhola, kunye neemfuno zokhetho. Kumazwe athe qeleleneyo akhuphisanayo, amandla okwandisa ukurhoxa phakathi kwamacandelo alungileyo abavoti ngeencam ezimbalwa zencam ze-attings ziyakwazi ukufumanisa isiphumo semijaho yokukhetha ephantsi kwebhola kunye nokhuphiswano lomongameli.

Ezinye ii-PAC zikwabandakanyeka kwimithetho yokuvota kunye nokuzibandakanya kolawulo kwimithetho yokuvota. Ucelomngeni lokufumana imithetho ye-ID, iimfuno zonikezelo, kunye neenkqubo zomjelo ongekhoyo zisoloko zingumsebenzi wonyulo kumaphondo edabi. Le migudu yomthetho, ngexa ingasoloko ifakwe njenge-exrobial, ithambeka ilungelelanisa nezilangazelelo zequmrhu elinye okanye elinye iqela kwaye imele elinye isiqhagamshelanisi esiphembelela i-PACs engekhoyo exesheni iphembele imekobume yabanyuli.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko Kwimiqolo Yokhetho Yakutshanje

Ingqungquthela Yomongameli YasePennsylvania naseMichigan Yama - 2020

Umjikelo wonyulo wama-2020 wabonakalisa isikali apho ii-PAC ezingadibaniyo zingasebenza khona kumaphondo abalulekileyo. EPennsylvania, iikomiti ezizimeleyo zenkcitho zichithe ngaphezu kwama-R350 ezigidi kwiintlanga zomongameli kunye ne-Inquet, ngokwe-FEC i-IC iqokelelwe yi-Opensegrets. Isabelo esikhulu savela kwiSuper PaCs kumacala omabini, kuquka imibutho enjenge PROPSA USA Action kwicala leDemocratic kunye neMelika Yokuqala Isenzo kwicala leRiphabliki.

Ezi komiti zalathisela izibhengezo zazo kwimiba enciphileyo. Iikomiti zedemokhrasi ezilawulayo zagxininisa ukhuseleko lwempilo, ukuphucula kwezoqoqosho kwisifo esigqugqisileyo, kunye nohlaselo olusekelwe kumongameli ongoongangamelayo. Iikomiti ezilawula iRiphabliki-Riphabliki zajolise kwimithetho kunye nocwangco, ukuvulwa kwakhona kwezoqoqosho, kunye nomngcipheko ocingelwayo wezicelo zenkqubo yenkqubela phambili. Ukugcwala kwezixhobo ze-omatshini zokusebenza kumabonwakude ePhiladelphia, ePittsburgh, eDeit, naseGrand Rapids rhwebo lwazenza ezi zinto zabhengezwa kakhulu kwilizwe.

Uhlalutyo lokhetho lweposi emva konyulo lwezazinzulu zezobupolitika luye lwanika iziphelo ezidityanisiweyo malunga nempembelelo engqalileyo yokusebenzisa le mali. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba inzuzo enkulu efunyanwa yi-Democratic-Cs ePennsylvania — ijikeleza iikomiti ezilawulwa yiRiphabliki ngemida ebalulekileyo kwiiveki ezidlulileyo — inceda ukuguqula inani elincinane kodwa eligqibelayo labavoti abangenazintloni. Olunye uphengululo luphikisa ukuba isiphumo sincinane, endaweni yokokuba iziphumo zokhetho lwe-democratic, umgangatho wolwandolo, kunye notyekelo lwezobupolitika lwesizwe olwathi lwathi lwanga namandla emigudu yokubhengeza.

2018 Ulungelelwaniso oluphakathi kwiMigangatho yeSubran

Unyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha lonyaka ka-2018 lwanika umboniso ocacileyo wendlela ii-PAC ezinganxibelelaniyo nezingaphembelela ngayo ukwenziwa kweBhunga. Loo mjikelezo wabonakala ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kokusetyenziswa kweDermocratic-alustra kwimimandla yezindlu zedolophu eyayinesithethe sokuxhomekeka kwiRiphabliki yeRiphabliki kodwa yayisiba nokhuphiswano. I-PAC efana ne House Majority PC kunye neDemocratic Punity eLaties United zilwa noothelekelelo kumazwe anjengeKhalifoniyase-New Jersey, ne-Illinois, kunye nemiyalezo ejoliswe kwimi kukhuseleko nenkculo yokhuseleko lwezempilo nenk ’ ephambili kwimali edlula ngo-2017.

I-PACs egunyazisiweyo yeRiphabliki, kuquka iNgxowa-mali yoLawulo lwamaBhunga, yaphendula ngokuchitha imali enzima, kodwa i-Democratic inzuzo eninzi ekuboneni nokuthumela intsebenziswano yabavumela ukuba babhinqise izihlalo ezingaphezulu kwama-40 kunye nokuphinda balawule iNdlu. Izithili ezijikelezayo ezitshintsha izandla zaziyindawo ekwakusetyenziswa kuyo iPAC engadityaniswanga neyona ilungeleleneyo nemixholo yesizwe yokubhala.

Lo mjikelo wakwabonakalisa ukubaluleka kokubekwa kwesikhundla sangaphambi konyulo. I-PAC eyaqala amaphulo azo okubhengeza kwangoko — phambi kosuku lwesithethe lwasemva komkhosi we-Labor wangasemva — yakwazi ukuchaza imibandela yengxoxo ngeendlela ezibeka abachasi babo ekuzikhuseleni. Ukuchitha imbono yangaphambili kwimimandla ejikelezayo phambi kokuba abavoti bakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukucacisa imiyalezo yabo, umlinganiselo oye waba ngumkhwa oqhelekileyo kwimilo yokhuphiswano.

2022 Amanqanam aphakathi kunye neMveli yeZiko leMveli le-Sing State

Unyulo lwaphakathi kwekhulu lama-2022 lwabona ukuvela kwemimandla emitsha yamadabi, ingakumbi eWisconsin, e-Arizona, naseGeorgia, apho iNdlu yeNtlanga ekhuphisanayo kunye nemilo yemida ye-odoli yafumana utyalo-mali oluzimeleyo olukhulu. Ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga kumacala omabini zavavanya iindlela ezintsha, kuquka ukuveliswa kwentengiso enkulu kumanani nokuqukuqela njengoko ukubukelwa kwe-mabonwakude kwaqhubeka kusiqhela.

EGeorgia, eyayingengorhulumente womongameli okhuphisanayo kangangamashumi eminyaka phambi ko 2020, i-PACs yafaka imali eninzi ekubhaliseni nasekuququzeleleni imigudu ejolise ekunyuseni unyulo. IBhunga elibini lesizwe lokukhupha unyulo ekuqaleni konyaka wama-2021 lalisele libonise ifuthe lokuhlala libotshelelwe kwimeko-bume ephakamileyo. Umjikelo wama-20222 uqinisekisa ukuba iGeorgia iza kuhlala igxininisa ekusebenziseni imali ngokuzimeleyo, ngamaqela omabini ayiphatha njengemfazwe esisigxina kunanjengomphicotha wokhuphiswano wexeshana.

I-Arizona yanikela i-athoria esebenzayo, enesivoti esikhulayo esinentsingiselo ye-Latinooortate nenani elikhulu labavoti abazimeleyo elitsala i-PAC. Iikomiti ezinganxibelelaniyo ezifakwe kwintengiso yolwimi lweSpanish kwaye ngokwenkcubeko zijolise ekuququzeleleni ukuqokelela abavoti ababengavunywanga kwimijikelo engaphambili. Ukusebenza kwale migudu kusaphikisana, kodwa eyona nto iphambili ibekwe kwinkxaso eArizona zijolise ekwandiseni eyandayo yemisebenzi ye-PAC.

Ukuvavanya impembelelo yobuchule nokusebenza

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziye zanikela ingqalelo enkulu ekulinganiseni isiphumo somngxuma we-PAC ongadityaniswanga kwiziphumo zonyulo. Uvumelwano lucacile. Ukusebenzisa imali kubonakala kunesiphumo esibalulekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile — ingakumbi kwimilo ephantsi yenkcazelo, kukhuphiswano apho kungekho nzuzo eyakhekileyo, kwaye kwindawo apho icala elinye linandipha uncedo oluqinisekileyo. Kukhuphiswano lwe-propati yomongameli olunemiqathango ebanzi kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wenkcazelo ye-oventi, isiphumo somphantsi sokuthengwa kwemali ye-PAC edityaniweyo sinokuba mncinane ngokuthelekisa.

Uphando ngempumelelo yezibhengezo lubonisa ukuba izibhengezo zephulo ziyancipha. Ulwamkelo lokuqala oluncinci kumyalezo lungaguqula iimbono, kodwa utyhilo olongezelelekileyo lungavelisa utshintsho oluncinane. Olu tshintsho lungasikelwe ngumngeni oxhaswe kakhulu yi PAC, njenga abo baphikisi bagqithiselwe kakhulu bangaqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo yabo engundoqo ifikelela kubavoti ngesixhobo sokuvota esisebenzayo kunye namajelo aphantsi athengwayo.

Ukulungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali eninzi, ngokwahlukileyo, kusenokuba neziphumo ezinokufumaneka. Ufundo lwemisebenzi yasemasimini kunye nemigudu yokuphuma ngaphandle kwemali lusoloko lufumana ukuba uqhagamshelwano lobuqu — nokuba ngomnxeba, ngesango, okanye ngokukhupha amanani — lunyusa ujiko phakathi kwabavoti abathenjiweyo. Kwii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga kwisiseko sentsimi, ukubuyela ekutyaleni imali kusenokuba kukhulu kunezibhengezo kuphela, ingakumbi kwimekobume ezikufutshane eziphakathi konyulo.

Uhlolo lwento jikelele, njengoko lushwankathelwe liZiko lophando lwe-, luthi uluvo lukawonke-wonke luvumela imida emandla ekusetyenzisweni kwephulo nasekubonakaleni okungaphezulu. Uninzi lwamaMelika anqumla kwimigca yeqela lukholelwa ukuba imali inempembelelo enkulu kwezobupolitika kwaye ixhasa utshintsho oluza kwandisa indima yabanikeli-mali abaninzi. Olu luvo lubangela uxanduva phakathi kokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko ekusebenziseni imali ngokwayo kunye nexabiso ledemokhrasi lokuzimela okulingana nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika.

Uhlolo loLawulo lweDemokhrasi

Unyuko lwe-PAC engadityaniswanga luphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko malunga nokubuyiselwa kolawulo-lwazi kunye nomgangatho womelo. Xa abathathi-nxaxheba benkqubo yezobupolitika bexhomekeke kakhulu ekuchitheni imali ngeekomiti ezizimeleyo ezisebenza ngaphandle kokutyhilwa okucace gca kwabanikeli bazo, abavoti abanakukwazi ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo izilangazelelo abaza kuziva benyanzelekile ukuba basebenze. Kwanokuba irhafu ayitheli ngqo inkqubo yezobugqeba, kufuneka batsale inkxaso yomnikeli ukuze benze izihlomelo ezifuna ukuvumelana nezithuba zabanikeli abazizizityebileyo kunokuba isetyenziswe ngokhetho olubanzi.

Ukucaca gca kusesona sixakeko siphambili. Ucwangciso lwangoku lufuna ukutyhilwa kwabanikeli kwii-PCs eziphezulu, kodwa indlela yokuphepha ivumela imali ukuba ihambe ngemibutho ekhusela imvelaphi yokuqala. Imithetho enjenge-DISCLOSE, efuna ukuba zonke iintlangano ezichitha imali kunyulo ukuze zityhile abanikeli bazo, ziye zaveliswa kwiiBhunga ezininzi kodwa azifumananga nkxaso eyaneleyo ye-bipartistan ukuba zibe ngumthetho. I-FEC, ebekek ’ ityala lokumisa imithetho yezempempela yezeko, igxekwe ngabaxhasi bezonyulo ezithe zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngokuzinziwa kwazo ezikhoyo nezingalinganiyo.

Umgangatho womgangatho wemeko unika enye indlela. Amanye amazwana aye amisela imfuno zenkxaso yemali yesephulo egqitha kumthetho worhulumente, kwaye amanye adala iinkqubo zenkxaso kawonke-wonke ezivumela abathathi-nxaxheba bakhethe ngaphandle kwentlawulo yabucala. Ezi zimvavanyo zinika imizekelo yendlela impembelelo ye-PAC engeyoyoyoyoyambutho okanye enokuthi isetyenziswe ngayo ngokwendlela esebenzela amaxabiso edemokhrasi.

Ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zikwachaphazela amandla angaphakathi amaqela ezobupolitika. Ngokunika umthombo ozimeleyo wenkxaso-mali kunye nemveliso yomyalezo, ii-PCAC kunye namaqela emali emnyama angatyhalela amaqela kwiindawo ezigabadeleyo okanye kwiinkalo ezithile eziphambili ezithandwa ngabanikazi abaphambili. Oku kunciphisa ngamandla igunya lokulungelelanisa iinkokeli zeqela kwaye kungenza iqela lilonke lingachazi neenkcukacha.

Kwangaxeshanye, ii-PAC ezingeyontsalelaneyo zinika inkqubo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika ebezingayi kufumaneka kubemi abaninzi kunye nemibutho. Ubuchule bokudibanisa oovimba kunye nokuxhasa imiba yemicimbi ngokuzimela imali kukusetyenziswa kwentetho yezobupolitika ekhuselwe nguMmiselo Wokuqala woLawulo. Imigudu yoTshintsho kufuneka ilungelelanise ixabiso lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika nxamnye neempembelelo ezingafaniyo kwaye incitshise ukuba mhlophe.

Isiphelo

Ii-PAC ezingazidityaniswanga ziye zaba ngabadlali abaphakathi kunyulo lwaseMerika, ngempembelelo yazo enamandla avakaliswayo kumazwe okujinga-jinga okuthi kuqinisekiswe iziphumo zomongameli kunye nolawulo lweBhunga. Ubuncwane bazo bemali, ubuchule bogcino-lwazi, ubuchule bokusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisana ngqo nabahlolo babanika inzuzo ekhethekileyo ekulungiseni iimbono zovoti kunye nemilinganiselo yokuqokelela. Ukufakwa kwe-PAC kumazwe asedabini kuthetha ukuba abavoti abakwe kwezi ndawo bafumana imeko-bume eyahlukileyo yokhetho kulawo asemazwaneni akhuselekileyo, ukwamkela unxibelelwano oluthe kratya oluninzi lwezobupolitika kunye nokuchanaba kwingxelo ekhuphisanayo.

Ubungqina bokuba ngaba ukusetyenziswa kwemali engadityaniswanga ngenene kutshintsho lweziphumo zonyulo kudityanisiwe, kodwa ingqiqo yokuba impembelelo yemali ithengwa kakhulu phakathi kwabavoti kwaye ineziphumo eziyingozi ekuthembeni kumaqumrhu edemokhrasi. Ukunqongophala kokubonakala ngokupheleleyo kwinkxaso-mali yephulo kunciphisa ukuphendula kwemali kwaye kwenza kube nzima kubemi ukuvavanya imiyalezo abayifumanayo. Njengoko inkxaso yezemfundo yolawulo esemthethweni iqhubeka ibhenela kwizigqibo zenkundla kunye nezenzo zolawulo, indima yePACs ezingadityaniswanga kumazwe ajikelezayo iya kuhlala iyindawo enzima yofundo nengxoxo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kuyimfuneko kuvocaciso olufuna ukubheka ulwazi oluntsonkothile kunye nemithetho esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lwabantu babonakalise ukuthanda kwabo kunokuba bambalwa oovimba beencwadi.