Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Imicimbi Yezobupolitika Ibaluleke Ngokweenkokhelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphakathi kwamaziko abonakalayo nahlala ehleli kumaziko edemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke. Kuwo onke umjikelo wonyulo, asebenza njengezithuthi eziphambili abaza kungenela kuzo isikhundla, abavoti benza ukhetho, kwaye bathanda ukuthatha impikiswano yemigaqo ekhoyo. Ngoxa iindima ezithile kunye nempembelelo yamaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo zahlukile kwilizwe ngalinye, imisebenzi yawo engundoqo isoloko ithe tyelelene ngendlela ephawulekayo. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo oluthe lwathathi-nxaxheba, loluphi naluphi na uhlolo lwezo maqela ezobupolitika alwenzayo kunyulo, isizathu sokuba loo misebenzi, kunye neengxaki abajamelene nazo kule nkulungwane yama-21. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zibalulekile kuye nabani ofuna ukuqonda indlela asebenza ngayo amagunya akhoyo, enoba ngumfundi wezopolitiko, okanye umxhasi wezopolitiko.

Amaqela akwizikhundla azikhankanyiweyo kumGaqo-siseko wase-U.S., ukanti aye aba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwizobupolitika zonyulo phantse kumazwe onke olawulo-mpukane. Basebenza njengabameli phakathi koluntu norhulumente, izilangazelelo eziququlunqayo, ukwenza ukhetho, nokunika inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika. Ngaphandle kwamaqela, unyulo luza kuba yimicimbi evelisa uninzi okanye amakhulu abantu abatshayo, nto leyo ekwenza kube phantse ukuba kungabi nakwenzeka ukuba abavoti bolwazi benze izigqibo zolwazi. Ngokulungiselela imigaqo kunye neenjongo, amaqela adala ukucalucalucalulo olusuka kwinkamfa.

Ngako konke, amaqela ezobupolitika akhuthaza ukuphendulana, akhuthaza ukumanyana kwemibutho yoluntu, yaye aqinisekisa ukuba amabinzana ahlukeneyo amele aboniswe kurhulumente. Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ayakwazi ukubeka iliso elibukhali, ajongela phantsi, abeke iinguqu kwiqela lonqulo kumgangatho woluntu. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iinjongo kunye nenyaniso, lisebenzisa imizekelo evela kulawulo-demokhrasi olumiselweyo ukuze lizekelise iingongoma ezizintloko.

Iyintoni Imicimbi Yezobupolitika?

Phambi kokuhlolisisa imisebenzi yabo yokukhetha, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuba ngawaphi amaqela ezobupolitika kwaye yintoni eyahlulayo kwamanye amaqumrhu ezobupolitika. Iqela lezobupolitika liyiqela elilungelelanisiweyo labantu abanohlelo olufanayo lweenkolelo malunga nolawulo kunye nenkqubo kawonke-wonke nabafuna ukufumana ulawulo kulawulo ngenkqubo yokunyulwa. Oku kwahlula amaqela afuna ukuphembelela inkqubo yenzala kodwa angaqhubeli abathathi-nxaxheba kwisikhundla, kwaye nakwiintlalo, ezisenokuxhasa utshintsho ngaphandle kokuzibandakanya kunyulo.

Amaqela akwizikhundla aqhelekeyo aneempawu ezintathu ezahlulayo. Kuqala, ajolise ekuwineni unyulo kunye nokusebenzisa amandla, hayi ukuphembelela abo banegunya. Okwesibini, alungelelaniswe kwisakhiwo esisesikweni esiquka abaphathi bolawulo, iinkqubo zamalungu, kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo zangaphakathi. Okwesithathu, bazisa iqonga elikhulu lemigaqo ethetha ngeembambano ezininzi, kunokuba babhekise kwinkxalabo enye. Ezi mpawu zivumela amaqela ukuba asebenze njengezithuthi zezobupolitika eziqhelekileyo ezinokulawula ngokunempumelelo kanye eofisini.

Imikhosi isenokucaciswa ngokwemilinganiso emininzi, kuquka ingqiqo, intlangano, kunye nobungakanani beendawo. Amanye amaqela abekwe phakathi kakhulu, enolawulo olunamandla lwesizwe olufuna inkqubo kunye nokukhethwa komndilili. Eminye ilungelelaniswa, inika amasebe ommandla kunye nemimandla inkululeko ekhethekileyo. Ukuqonda oku kwahluka kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuchaphazela indlela amaqela asebenza ngayo kunyulo nendlela asabela ngayo kumavoti.

Iimisebenzi Yemisitho Yezobupolitika Kunyulo

Amaqela ezobupolitika enza imisebenzi emininzi edityanisiweyo ebumba unyulo lwendawo. Ngoxa ukubaluleka okulinganiselweyo kwemisebenzi nganye kuyahluka kwiinkqubo zezobupolitika, ezi zilandelayo zigqalwa ngokubanzi njengebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokunyulwa.

Ukutyunjwa nokuhlaziywa

Enye yeendima ezingundoqo zamaqela ezobupolitika kukuphawula, ukuqokelela, nokuthatha abatshayelelo beofisi kawonke-wonke. Lo msebenzi ufeza iinjongo ezininzi. Okokuqala, unika indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba baneemfaneleko, ubuchule, kunye nengqibelelo efunekayo ukuze basebenze ngokunempumelelo. Okwesibini, idala umboniso ocacileyo onokuthi umvoti asebenzise ukuvavanya abathathi-nxaxheba. Xa umvotisi esebenza phantsi kwegama leqela, uvotelela unolwazi olukhawulezileyo malunga nolo mvotelelo ’ mhlawumbi uneendawo zenkqubo kunye nentandabulumko.

Inkqubo yonyuso yahluka kakhulu kuwo onke amazwe naphakathi kwamazwe. Kwezinye iinkqubo, iinkokeli zeqela zikhetha abathathi-nxaxheba ngapha nangapha kwezicwangciso zangaphakathi, ngokufuthi ngegalelo elincinane kumalungu aphezulu kunye nefayile. Kwezinye, unyulo oluphambili okanye unyuso luvumela amalungu eqela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanokhetho olungakhutshwanga luvumela ukuba akhethe umbutho we &’ uxinzelelo olusezantsi phakathi kokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kunye nokhetho lungumngenisi ophinda-phindekayo wamaqela.

Ukubhalisa kukwabandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba amangingqi akwimibutho emininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iqela elingafumani abo banokufumana abathathi-nxaxheba kwisithili esithile okanye kwizikhundla ezifanelekileyo libangela ukuba olo khuphiswano luye kuphikiswana nabaphikisi balo. Yiyo le nto amaqela enikela ubuncwane obubalulekileyo ekuchazeni abo basenokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba, ebaqeqeshela amaphulo, kwaye exhasa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokunyulwa.

Ukwenziwa kwembutho yeVoter kunye nokufumana- ngaphandle kweVhote

Unyulo lugqibelwa ekugqibeleni ngomntu ovotayo nongamkeliyo. Amaqela ezobupolitika adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni abaxhasi bawo ngomhla wonyulo. Ukuqokelela kubandakanya uludwe oluninzi lwemisebenzi, ukusuka kwilaphu leseyile ukuya kwindlu ukuya kwenye ukuya kwenye, kwaye amaqela anikwe indawo ekhethekileyo yokuthumela isithuthi sokuchola iindawo kunye nokuthumela iiposi ezijoliswe kumntu. inkcaso isoloko ibonisa ukuba unxibelelwano lobuqu yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokwandisa ukurhoxa, kwaye amaqela anikwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuba asebenzele abasebenzi abasebenzi abatsha abasebenzayo kule njongo.

Ngaphandle kokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bavote, amaqela akwasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaxhasi bawo babhalisile kwaye baxelelwe ngeenkqubo zokuvota. Kumazwe apho ubhaliso lovoti lungazenzeki, amaqela asoloko eqhuba ihlomelo lokwandisa unyulo. Kwakhona anikela inkcazelo malunga nokuchongwa kweendawo, iiyure zovota, kunye neemfuno zokuzichaza, zonke ezinokuba yimiqobo yokubandakanyeka, ingakumbi kubavoti bokuqala okanye amalungu abantu abaphantsi komgangatho ophantsi.

Ukusebenza kwemigudu yeqela kuphucule ngakumbi ngokufika kogcino-lwazi. Amaphulo anamhlanje asebenzisa iifayile zabavoti, ugcino-lwazi, kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili ukuphawula abaxhasi kunye nokuzijolisa ngemiyalezo elungisiweyo. Ngoxa ezi ndlela zobuchule zinokunyusa impumelelo, zikwaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokuzimela komntu ngamnye kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha. Noko ke, umvoti usoloko esoloko ewumsebenzi ongundoqo amaqela awenza bhetele kunayo nawuphi na omnye umbutho wezobupolitika.

Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nophuhliso lokwenziwa kwePlatform

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphambili aguqulela ukhetho lukawonke-wonke kwiizicelo zomthetho. Ngexesha lomjikelo wonyulo, amaqela avelisa izikhundla ezichaza izikhundla zawo kwimibandela ebalulekileyo enjengerhafu, ukunyamekela impilo, imfundo, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, kunye nemekobume. La maqonga asebenza iinjongo ezininzi: azisa abavoti ngoko bekuya kunokwenziwa liqela ukuba liyakhethwa, banikela isiseko sokuphikisana nokuthelekisa namaqela aphikisanayo, kwaye bamisela umthetho wokuba bathathe inyathelo xa iqela lithatha isikhundla.

Inkqubela-phambili yeplatform ibandakanya ukuxilonga okude namalungu eqela, amaqela enzala, iingcaphephe zenkqubo, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Kumaqela amaninzi, iikomiti zeqonga zibamba indlebe, zicela igalelo, kunye namaxwebhu emizobo agunyazisiweyo ngabathunywa kwindibano okanye kwindibano efanayo. Iqonga lingaphezulu kunoluhlu lokunqwenela; luzibophelelelo olubumba iqela i’ imimiselo yemithetho yowiso-mthetho kwaye lunika umlinganiso ochasene nokokuba i-pati ’ umsebenzi ungagwetywa ngako.

Ngamanye amaxesha abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi amaqonga eqela afinyele kakhulu okanye ashiywe akwazeki xa unyulo luphelile. Ngelixesha kukho inyaniso kwezi zigxeko, amaqonga asesebenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo obalulekileyo. Banceda abavoti baqonde oko umbutho umele ukwenziwa kwaye indlela eyahluke ngayo kubachasi bawo. Kwinkqubo zonyuselo olukhuphisanayo, amaqela anezikhuthazo ezinamandla zokugcina izithembiso zawo, noko kwimiba ephezulu, ngenxa yokuba ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokuphelisa ukuthembana nokhetho lwemijikelezo ezayo.

Imfundo Yezobupolitika Nokuguqula Ilizwe

Idemokhrasi esebenza kakuhle ifuna unyulo olunolwazi. Amaqela ezobupolitika anegalelo kwimfundo yezobupolitika ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngentetho yephulo, iingxoxo, izibhengezo, kunye namajelo okunxibelelana, amaqela anxibelelana ngezikhundla zawo kwimibandela kwaye achaze isizathu sokuba ezo zikhundla zikhetheke kunezo zinokusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto. Kwakhona anika inkcazelo malunga nabamele u-’ iimfuno, iirekhodi, nobuntu, enceda abavoti benze izigqibo malunga nokuba ngubani ofanelekileyo ukukhonza.

Amatheko akwadlala indima yemfundo phakathi kwemiba yawo. Aqeqesha abatsha abatsha kunye nabasebenzi bephulo, aqhuba uphando kwimiba yezomgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye avelisa izinto ezichaza imixholo entsonkothileyo ngolwimi olufikelelekayo. ngale ngqiqo, amaqela asebenza njengebrorho phakathi kwehlabathi eliqhelekileyo lenkqubo kawonke-wonke kunye nenkxalabo yemihla ngemihla yabemi abaqhelekileyo.

Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wokufundisa amaqela awunazo iimpazamo zawo. Amatheko anikela ngokungenakuphepheka ulwazi ngendlela ezixhasa abathathi-nxaxheba kunye neendawo, ezinokuba negalelo ekususweni kwethafa nakulwazi oluphosakeleyo. Ngoko ke amavoter kufuneka ongezelele ulwazi oluveliswe kwiqela ngophando oluzimeleyo kunye nengxelo yamajelo eendaba. Noko ke, ngaphandle kwamaqela abandakanyeka kwimfundo kawonke wonke, abavoti abaninzi banokuba nolwazi oluncinane okanye abangenalo ulwazi malunga nokhetho lwabo, ingakumbi kwimijaho yasekuhlaleni kunye nomgangatho karhulumente efumana ingqalelo elinganiselwe kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yephulo kunye nokuthuthwa kwezibonelelo

Ukubaleka iofisi kubiza imali eninzi, kwaye amaqela ezobupolitika adlala indima ephambili ekuphakamiseni nasekusasazeni imali efunekayo ekukhuthazeni amaphulo okhuphiswano. Amatheko abandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yokuxhasa imali esuka kwimirhumo emincinane ye-intanethi ukuya kwiminikelo emikhulu evela kubantu abazizityebi nakwimibutho.

Indima yamaqela emali yephulo iyahluka-hluka ngokwemithetho. Kwamanye amazwe, amaqela alawulwa kakhulu, anemiqathango engqongqo kwiminikelo nakusetyenziso. Kwamanye, amaqela asebenza ngokunxulumene nemiqathango embalwa, ekhokelela kwinkxalabo ngempembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika. ngaphandle kokulawulwa, amaqela anokunyusa imali eninzi ngokubanzi anokuba luncedo olukhulu ngokwezibhengezo, ngokwezibonelelo zemastifi, izibonelelo, kunye nenkxaso yongenelelo.

Imikhosi isebenza njengobunzima obuchasene nempembelelo yamaqela enkcitho azimeleyo kunye nee-PAC ezinkulu, ezinokuchitha imali engenakupheliswa ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa abatshatelwa ngaphandle kokunxibelelana ngqo namaphulo. Ngokudibanisa ubuncwane kunye necebo lokudibanisa, amaqela anganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali ihambelana neenjongo zokukhetha ezibanzi kunokuba isasazeke kwiinkalo ezikhuphisanayo.

Impembelelo Ebanzi Yemibutho Yezobupolitika Efikelela Kuyo

Imisebenzi echazwe ngasentla ayikho kulwahlulo. Zizonke, zibumba iziphumo zokhetho ngendlela ezinzulu. Amaqela anamandla anganyusa umvoti, anikeze ukhetho olucacileyo kubavoti, kwaye abangele ukudluliswa koxolo kwamandla. Kwakhona enza ityala ngokunika abavoti ixhoba elicacileyo lomvuzo okanye isohlwayo: ukuba iqela elilawulayo lisebenza kakubi, abavoti bangalilahla ngaphandle kwaye bafake inkcaso. Oku kunzima kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezilawulwa ngabavoti abazimeleyo okanye amaqela abuthathaka.

Amatheko akwaphembelela iindidi zabathathi-nxaxheba ababaleka isikhundla kwaye ekugqibeleni abanyulwe. Ngokulawula inkqubo yokutyunjwa, amaqela angakhuthaza umahluko kunye nokubandakanywa okanye, ngokuphikisanayo, agcine ubume bemeko. Unyuko lwamabhinqa kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abambalwa kwimimandla engoodemokhrasi abaninzi lubotshwe ngokusondeleyo kwimigudu yeqela ukuqokelela nokuxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba abanjalo. ngexesha elinye, amaqela angenza njengabalindi bamasango abakhupha ngaphandle okanye abacebisi bolawulo-melo olumisiweyo.

Kumgangatho wendlela emiselweyo, amaqela amisela ukhuphiswano lwamandla ngeendlela ezikhuthaza uzinzo. Iivoter zivelisa uqhagamshelwano olude namaqela, zidala iindlela ezithe ngqo zokuziphatha kokhetho ezivumela oorhulumente ukuba bacebe kwaye balawule ngokufezekileyo. Kwanaxa abavoti benganelisekanga ngeqela elithile, banqabile ukushiya inkqubo yeqela ngokwalo. Oku kumelekela phambili kusesinye sezizathu zokuba idemokhrasi esekelwe kwiqela ingqineke iqinile nangona ingumngcipheko wokuthembana.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda ngendlela amaqela alawula ngayo ulawulo kunye nokuziphendulela, inika i-Encyclopedia Britannica igocagocagoca elibanzi lamaqela ezobupolitika kunye nemisebenzi yawo.

Ucelomngeni Lokujamelana Nemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika Kukhetho Lwanamhlanje

Ngoxa amaqela ezobupolitika eqhubeka ephambili kwezobupolitika, ajongene nocelomngeni oluninzi olubalulekileyo olusongela ukusebenza nokufaneleka kwawo. Olu celomngeni alufani kuyo yonke idemokhrasi, kodwa lwandileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba lugunyazise ingqalelo enzulu.

Ukunyuka kokuthenjelwa nguwonke-wonke kunye nokunyuka kwecandelo elilwa nolwaphulo-mthetho

Kulawulo-melo oluzinzileyo, ukuthemba amaqela ezobupolitika kuye kwancipha kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka aliqela adluleyo. Abaxhasi bajonga amaqela njengamaziko afuna ukuzuza igunya kunawokunceda uluntu. Oku kungabi nathemba kubangelwa yimbono yokunganyaniseki, izithembiso ezophukileyo, nengqiqo yokuba amaqela akawachaphazeli abantu abaqhelekileyo i’ inkxalabo.

Iziphumo zokwehla kokuthembana zibalulekile. Abaxhasi banokuba mancinci kakhulu ekuvoteni, banokuba baxhasa abaza kuzenzela ngokwabo okanye abathathi-nxaxheba besithathu, okanye bamkele ngakumbi kwintshukumo zepopulist ezizibeka njengendawo echasene nokumiselwa. kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ukuthoba ukuthembana kungakhokelela ekuxhaseni iindlela zolawulo ezibuzwilakhe ezithembisa ukudlula amaqela ngokupheleleyo. [[FLT: 1] Ukwakha ukuthemba kufuna amaqela ukubonakalisa ukubonakala, ukubuyiselwa koxanduva, kunye nozibophelelo lokwenyaniso ukuphendula kwimibandela ekunzima ukuvota.

Inkcitho yangaphakathi kunye neiyantlukwano

Amaqela ezobupolitika akafane adibane; asoloko equlathe amaqela angavumelaniyo ngeqhinga, inkqubo, kunye nokhokelo. Ngoxa ingxubusho yangaphakathi inokuba yeyomeleleyo, ukwahlukana okunzulu kungenza umbutho i’ amandla okusebenza ngokunempumelelo kunyulo. Iimfazwe zentembeko zinokukhokelela ekungcoliseni iprojekthi, ukwahlukana kwisiseko seqela, kwaye kube nzima ukudlulisela umyalezo ongqinelanayo kwivoti.

Kwezinye iimeko, izahlulo zangaphakathi ziye zakhokelela ekusungulweni kwamaqela aqhekekayo okanye ukuwa kwenkqubo yeqela elimileyo ixesha elide. Iintkomfa ezingenakulawula umngcipheko wangaphakathi wemfazwe azinamsebenzi njengevoti iphethukela kwezinye iindlela ezinika ukhetho olucacileyo kunye nokhokelo olumanyeneyo. amaqela aphumelelayo athe athe angene kwiinkqubo zokucombulula impikiswano nokugcina i-comseation, kodwa oku kulula ukutsho kunexesha lokukhula kwemimandla.

Kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwendlela amandla angaphakathi eqela achaphazela ngayo umsebenzi wonyulo, [[FLT: 0] Iziko lophando lwePew ’ uphando lwezopolitiko lunika ugcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo kumaqela avoti kunye nesimo sengqondo sovoti.

Impembelelo Yemali Nezinto Ezikhethekileyo

Indima yemali kwezobupolitika yinkxalabo engapheliyo, kwaye amaqela ezobupolitika akwindawo ephambili yale ngxoxo. Abanikeli abaninzi, imibutho ephambili, kunye namaqela afuna umdla okhethekileyo ngokufuthi afuna ukuphembelela amaqonga namaqonga akhethwayo ngeminikelo yemali. Ngoxa ukuqokelela imali yeqela kuyimfuneko kumaphulo okukhuphisana, kunokudala ungquzulwano lwenzala nokucalucalula.

Abahlalutyi bathi amaqela axhomekeke kakhulu kwizityebi asabelanga kakuhle kwiimfuno zabavoti abaqhelekileyo. Oku kunamandla kungabangela ukurhoxa kwepetroli esetyenziswayo kwaye kufakelele ekuncipheni kwentlawulo yokuthemba okukhankanywe ngasentla. Utshintsho olufana nokuxhasa uluntu ngenkxaso yamaphulo, imiqathango engqongqo, kwaye ukubonakala okungakumbi kudla ngokucetyiswa njengemiqobo yezopolitiko, kodwa bajongene nemiqobo yezopolitiko kunye neengxaki zomgaqo-siseko kumazwe amaninzi.

I-Progrees zinomdla wokucombulula ezi zinto zixhalabisayo, njengokuba ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimali enkulu kungayahlula iprojekthi ebanzi. Abanye abantu baye babhenela kwimodeli encinane ehambisa imitha yelanga, besebenzisa iplatfomu ye-intanethi ukuqokelela abanikeli beengca. Ngoxa ezi ndlela zinokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo banikela ngezityebi, kwakhona kufuneka ungeniso olubalulekileyo kwimiqathango yezibonelelo zemali kunye nokukhutshwa kwemichiza.

Ukuphazamiseka kobugcisa nokwenziwa kwekampathi yekampathi yamanani

Ukuzivelela ngokukhawuleza kobugcisa bekhompyutha kuye kwayiguqula indlela unyulo oluliwa ngayo. Iindawo zonxibelelwano, ugcino-lwazi olunenkcazelo, kunye nezibhengezo ezijoliswe kuzo, ziye zanika amaqela izixhobo ezintsha ezinamandla zokufikelela abavoti. Noko ke, ezi zixhobo zinye zikwaye zavelisa ucelomngeni olutsha, kuquka ukusasazwa kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ukudalwa kwamagumbi eentlokoma, nokuchanabeka kwenkqubo yokukhetha kumazwe angaphandle.

Imisebenzi kufuneka iqhubeke ihambelana nokutshintsha kwezixhobo zobugcisa, ukuveliswa kobuchule bamanani ngexesha ihamba kwimida yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha neyomthetho. amaqela amancinane okanye abo banobuncwane obulinganiselweyo basenokuzama ukugcina isantya, ukwenza ulwahlulo lwamanani oluqinisa ukungalingani kwamandla okukhoyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obuntsonkothileyo bokujolisa kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuthoba kunye nokurhoxa kwentetho kawonke wonke.

Iziko likwajongene nocelomngeni lokulawula abaxhasi balo i’ ukuziphatha kwi-intanethi. Kwimeko apho nabani na anokuthi uthetha kwiqela okanye kuthabatheki, ukugcina uqeqesho lwemiyalezo nokukhusela imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga kuya kuqina. Ulungelelwaniso olulungelelanisiweyo kwindlela ubugcisa obuphinda ngayo imicimbi yezopolitiko, i- Internationalral Institute for Democracy kunye ne-Electoral Messional formation (Internal I-IDEA) inika oovimba bezibonelelo kwimichiza yamanani kwiinkqubo zokhetho [.

Ikamva Lemibutho Yezobupolitika Kwinkqubo Ephakamileyo

Xa kuqwalaselwa imingeni echazwe ngasentla, kusengqiqweni ukubuza ukuba amaqela ezobupolitika aza kuhlala engundoqo kwezobupolitika zonyulo kumashumi eminyaka angaphambili. Ngoxa ukuxela kwangaphambili kungaqiniseki, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba amaqela ngamaziko alungeleleneyo asindayo kwixesha elidlulileyo lamanqam kunye neenguqu. Le nkqubo ngokwayo inikela iingenelo ezingekho enye indlela ehambelanayo: inika isakhiwo somsebenzi odibeneyo, uhlobo olunokubonwa nokuthenjwa, kunye nenkqubo yokuguqulela amavoti kwigunya elilawulayo.

Noko ke, uhlobo oluthathwa ngamaqela lusenokuguquka. Singabona ulwelo oluninzi kunye nezakhiwo zeqela elilungelelanisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezixhobo zamanani kwidemokhrasi yangaphakathi kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphandle, kunye nemodeli entsha yokudityaniswa nokudityaniswa kwamalungu. Amaqela anokuphumelela ayakukwazi ukulinganisa imfuneko yokukhuselwa kunye nemfuneko yokuzimela, kwaye anokusebenzisa ubugcisa ngaphandle kokwenza inyani.

Abami, nabo, banendima yokudlala. Inkqubo yeqela eliphilileyo ixhomekeke kunyulo oluthe lwadityaniselwa amaqela lufuna ukuba aphendule, athathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo eziphambili neziphambili, kwaye afune ukuba kubekho ukubonakala nokuthembeka. Amatheko awayo amandla angaphandle asebenza kwidemokhrasi; ayizimbo zokuthanda kwabantu kwezobupolitika ababathelelayo, babaxhase, kunye nabo bavote. Ikamva lamaqela ezobupolitika linxulumaniswe kwikamva ledemokhrasi ngokwalo.

Kumongo owongezelelekileyo wendlela iinkqubo zeqela ezijikeleza ngayo emhlabeni wonke, Inethwekhi yolwazi ye-ACE-Electoral inika ugcino-lwazi oluthelekisayo kunye nohlalutyo kumaqela ezobupolitika kunye neenkqubo zokukhetha emhlabeni wonke.

Isiphelo: Imfuneko Enyamezeleyo Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Amaqela ezobupolitika akafezekanga, kwaye ajongene nocelomngeni lokwenene nolokwenene. Kodwa imisebenzi yawo engundoqo kunyulo — abavoti, abaququzeleli, inkqubo yokuyila, ukufundisa uluntu, kunye nenkxaso-mali yamaphulo e-— ahlala ebaluleke kakhulu kunanini na ngaphambili. Ngaphandle kwamahlelo, unyulo aluyi kufumana ingxubeko, ukuphendula, kunye nezihlunu ezidibanisa umntu ngamnye kwiqumrhu elibanzi lolawulo lwakhe.

Le ngqiqweni ijongene nokuchaza oko kwenziwa ngamaqela ezobupolitika, hayi ukuxhasa naliphi na iqela okanye inkqubo ethile. Ixabiso lokuqonda le misebenzi kukuba ivumela abemi ukuba babandakanye ngokuqwalasela ngakumbi nenkqubo yokunyulwa, baqaphele amandla kunye nokusikelwa umda kwedemokhrasi esekelwe kwiqela, kwaye benze ukhetho lolwazi kwibhokisi yebhola yovotelwano. [[FLT: 0] kwixesha lotshintsho olukhawulezileyo nolwandiso lwezopolitiko, ukuqonda okucacileyo ngendlela amaqela asebenza ngayo kubaluleke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili. Ukuba umntu ungomnye owenziwe ngoomatilo-zwe okanye othandabuzayo, indima yezopolitiko kunyulo luchaphazela wonke umntu ohlala kwi-demokhrasi.