Ukuqalisa Kwenkcazelo Kwezobupolitika

Ulwalamano phakathi kwezixhobo ze-media kunye nezobupolitika zokhetho luye lwaguquka kakhulu ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amaphephandaba alawula imimandla asebenza njengezithuthi eziphambili zonxibelelwano lwezopolitiko, ngokufuthi asebenza njengezixhobo eziphambili zoomatshini beqela kunokuba afake imithombo yolwazi olubhaliweyo. Ezi ncwadi zayila imbono yabavoti ngokunikela ngenyameko ingxelo edityaniswe nezilangazelelo ezithile zezobupolitika.

Inkulungwane yama-20 yazisa unomathotholo nomabonwakude, ngokusisiseko iguqula indlela abanxulumene ngayo nabaququali. UFranklinlin D. Roosevelt ’s “ incoko ye-firesidensis incokos ” yabonisa amandla anzulu kanomathotholo, ngelixesha ingxoxo ye-Kennedy-Nixon eboniswayo i-telektroniki ’ amandla okunyusa umboniso phezu kwento.

Namhlanje i-’ i-media yesixhobo sokusasaza izinto zendalo ingumgangatho onzima ngendlela engathethekiyo. Ukwahlulwa kwabaphulaphuli kunqamleza iqonga elininzi kuthetha ukuba abavoti bahlala kwiindawo ezisingqongileyo ezahlukeneyo, ngokufuthi ezinamacala amancinane adlulayo. Oku kwahlulwa kuneziphumo ezingqalileyo zendlela imiyalezo yezopolitiko esenziwe ngayo, esasazwa ngayo, neyamkelwe ngayo. Imikhankano kufuneka ngoku ihambele kwindawo apho umyalezo omnye unokunyuswa, ugqwethwe, okanye uphikiswa kwimizuzu nje embalwa kunqamle imijelo emininzi.

Amajelo Ezinto Zamandulo Nempembelelo Yawo Ehlala Ihleli

Ngaphandle kotshintsho lwamanani, uthetho lwesithethe luyaqhubeka lusebenzisa impembelelo eninzi kuvoti. Amaphephandaba amakhulu anjenge AseNew York Times , i Washington Post, kunye iThe Wall Street Journal ibeka uludwe lwentetho yezobupolitika, ngokunika ingxelo yazo ukuba ngawaphi amabali afumana ingqalelo yesizwe. Iimbutho zothetho zezixhobo zekhompyutha zihlala zinamandla zokudlulisa iindaba zezobupolitika ngokukhutshelwa, ingxoxo, nezibhengezo.

  • iphepha leNews: Ibonelela ngokunzulu ngokuphanda ingxelo etyhila iimvelaphi zomntu oza kubhaptizwa, iindawo zenkqubo, kunye neengxabano ezinokwenzeka zomdla. Izigqibo zabo zokuxhasa zinokubagudisa abavoti abangenamdla, ingakumbi kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni apho ulwazi lunqabile khona.
  • [[NTL:0] Umboniso womboniso udibanisa imifanekiso ebonakalayo ebhalwe ngokufutshane, idala iimbono ezingenakulibaleka kwiziganeko ezicwangcisiweyo, izibhengezo, kunye nengxoxo. Umboniso kamabonwakude obonakalayo ugxininisa inkangeleko, indlela yokuzibamba, kunye nentetho yemvakalelo kwingxoxo yenkqubo encinci.
  • [[FLT: 0] Radio: Isala inempembelelo kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni naphakathi kwabemi abahlala emaphandleni. Iifomati zikanomathotholo zidla ngokubonisa uluvo lwamavoti akhoyo aqinisa iinkolelo kunye nokuququzelela imimandla ethile evoti.

Ubugcisa Bamanani: Amathuba Amatsha Neengxaki

Unyuko lwamanani lunedemokrati yemigangatho yonxibelelwano lwezopolitiko ngexesha kuveliswa ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo. Iinkqubo zoluntu lwezonxibelelwano olufana no Bhadi yewonga, X [[FLT]] [ukude unxulumano lweTYP], [ukuthi ngaphambili luzinziswe ngokwedemo-demodeli), I-UTUBE[[[FLT], kunye [[FLT6] TYK[FLT] inceda abangenisi besango bathethe ngqo nokhuphi nakuvo. Olu nxulumano luthe ngqo lungakhuthaza ukubotshele okulungileyo, kodwa kwakhona yenza imekobume apho intebelo inokuthi isasaze khona.

  • [[FLT: 0] Izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo: Inceda ukuba ifakelwe iprojekthi encinane yamaqela athile ovoti kunye nemiyalezo elungisiweyo. Inkamzamlo zingachonga kwaye zibandakanye abaxhasi abanokwenzeka ngobuchule obungakaze bubonwe, kodwa ezi khono zinye zingasetyenziswa ukusasaza umxholo owahlulayo kwaye zicinezele ukubhaza phakathi kwamaqela abachasi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Kwindawo ye-Oparks: Abaququzeleli bomsebenzi wesininzi bafumana imithombo yolwazi engekho mthethweni enokuthi ingaqwalaseli. Ngelixesha le mithombo eyahlukeneyo inokuba yi-ivolution kwiimbono ezahlukahlukeneyo, isoloko ivelisa amagumbi eentlokoma axhasa ikhethe elikhoyo.
  • Iimpompo kunye nokuqukuqela: Isandi sohlobo olude kunye nokuqulethwe yividiyo kuvumela abatsha abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba banikele iindawo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye neengxelo zobuqu. Iplatforms ezifana Spoif kunye [FLT] ne Ubuntu beyindawo ezibalulekileyo ekufikeleleni imithombo yesithethe.

Ubuchule bokwenza ulungelelwaniso lwezixhobo zokubala buvelisa imbonakalo ejongene nokuthatheka. Isihlomelo esibangela ukusabela ngamandla ngokweemvakalelo sifumana usasazo oluphambili, ngokufuthi sikhulisa amabali angemahle kunye nobuchule bokuthetha obudityanisiweyo. Oku kubumba indlela yokuqonda engundoqo yokuvota ngokubeka izigxina eziphezulu kunezo zifanelekileyo kwaye kungquzulana ngaphaya kokuvumelana.

Indlela Ebunjwe ngayo Umsinga Wendlela yomoya

Impembelelo yamajelo eendaba kwingqiqo yomvo ovota isebenza kwiinkqubo eziliqela ezibhalwe kakuhle eziye zafundwa ziingcali zengqondo kunye nezazinzulu zezobupolitika kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubalulekile kubavoti abafuna ukwenza izigqibo ezithe ngqo kwimeko-bume engqongileyo ye-media.

Iziphumo Ezirhabaxa

Ukubhalwa kwebali lezobupolitika kumisela ukuba zeziphi iinkalo abavoti ezizigqala zifanelekile. Xa amajelo eendaba echaza isindululo serhafu njenge “ isiphumlisi serhafu i ” ngokuchasene no- 'x' i “ irhafu esikwe yasikwe kwizityebi, i ” ivula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola kwivotist ’ iingqondo. Oku kusetyenziswa kolwazi kunyuselwa umkhuphi wamanani, apho ukhetho lokugxininisa umvoti-’ amava amelene neempazamo zabo zophawu lungaguqula ngokukhawuleza imbono yovoti.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba iziphumo zokuyila zinamandla ingakumbi xa abavoti bengenazo iimbono ezinamandla ezikhoyo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imbambano. Kunyulo oluphambili, apho abatshatisi abaninzi basenokuba abaqhelekanga kubavoti, indlela izakhelo zezixhobo zesixhobo sonxibelelwano ngasinye somvoti ’ irekhodi kunye neendawo ziba nempembelelo engalinganiyo. Umvotisi ofakelwe njenge “ ifreamrunner ” itsala inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo ngokusetyenziswa yi-afreattings &lquo; umgudu wokufumana igalelo nokuba ziziphi iimfaneleko zabo.

Agenda- Igunya elisungulweyo

Amajelo eendaba awaxeleli abavoti ukuba bacinge ntoni, kodwa anempembelelo enamandla into yokucinga ngayo[. Lo msebenzi wokumisela imimiselo yemiba umisela ukuba zeziphi incoko yasesidlangalaleni ngexesha lonyulo. Xa ijelo-ndaba linikezela ngentelekelelo yokufuduka, indawo yokuvota njengenkxakeko ephezulu. Xa intengiso itshintsha kwimpilo okanye uqoqosho, ivoti ilandela ngoko.

Amaphulo ezobupolitika angenisa ubuncwane obukhulu ekuphembeleleni amajelo eendaba ngokukhupha amajelo eendaba, ngokucwangcisa, nangeziganeko ezivuzayo. Amaphulo aphumelelayo alawula le ngxelo ngokunyanzela ingqalelo yamajelo eendaba kwimibandela apho abaza kungenela inkxaso khona. Amaphulo angaphumelelanga asoloko ezifumana ekhuselekile, ephendula kumabali angawaqalanga kunokuba aqhubele phambili ucwangciso lwawo oluthandwayo.

Imilinganiselo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye novavanyo

Ngaphandle kokugqiba ukuba yiyiphi imibandela efumana ingqalelo, isalathisi sonxibelelwano sichaza iinkcazo ezikhethekileyo zokuvavanya abathathi-nxaxheba. Ukuba ingxubusho igxininisa ingqibelelo kunye nezenzo zokunyaniseka, abavoti baya kuvavanya ezo nkcukacha ngamandla xa besenza izigqibo zabo. Ngokuchasene noko, ingxubusho ebhekiselwa kwiimeko zezoqoqosho kwiiNkulumbuso ezivotayo ukuvavanya abathathi abathathi-nxaxheba ngokusekelwe kubuchule babo bokulawula izoqoqosho.

Le miphumo ichaza isizathu sokuba ukuhlasela kobuntu kuphumelele kakhulu kumaphulo ezobupolitika. Xa ijelo-ndaba lifaka ihlazo, linyanzela abavoti ukuba bajonge iimpawu njengoluhlu oluphambili lokuhlola, ezisenokuba zezona ziphambili ezinokumisela izigqibo zokuvota. Unyulo lomongameli 2016 no-2020 lwanikela imizekelo ecacileyo yendlela ijelo-media elichaza ngayo indlela abavoti ababuguqula ngayo ubuvo.

I-Media ’ impembelelo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba

Ulwalamano phakathi kosetyenziso lwezixhobo zokuvota nomvoti luntsonkothile, luneendidi ezahlukeneyo zokugquma iziphumo zesimilo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda ezi zenzo zinamandla kubalulekile kumaphulo, imibutho yezentlalo-ntle, kunye naye nabani na obandakanyekileyo ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.

Ukuphanga iziphumo

Ukhupho-ndaba olugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuvota, ukubalaselisa iintlanga ezisondeleyo, nokunika ulwazi olucacileyo ngendlela yokuvota okunokunyuswa ngayo ngokuphawulekayo. Unyuselo lweendaba lwasekuhlaleni lwezinyulo — iindawo ezingcolisayo, iinjongo zokubhalisa, kunye neemfuno zokuchaza i— lulungiselela umsebenzi obalulekileyo, ingakumbi umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokophula okokuqala, ingakumbi kumalungu embali phantsi kwamaqela akhoyo.

Amaphulo onxibelelwano olucokisekileyo oluntu olukhuthaza ukuvota abonise iziphumo ezinokuvela ekuchongeni. Ufundo lwe # Jote Togeter kunye namanyathelo afanayo abonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwentlalo olunikezelwa kwiinkqubo zamanani lunganyusa iqondo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngamanqaku amaninzi. Ukubonakala kokuvota njengesithethe sentlalo, okuqiniswa ngefoto kunye nohlaziyo, kubangela uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo loontanga kwintelekelelo olufuna ukhetho.

Iziphumo Zokosula

Ukukhutshwa kwamajelo eendaba okungathandekiyo kungadandathekisa umvoti ngemisebenzi emininzi. Xa amajelo-nkqubo egxininisa kakhulu ekunganyanisekini, kwizenzo ezimanyumnyezi, nakwizenzo zoburhulumente, abavoti basenokugqiba kwelokuba ukuba banenxaxheba akuyonto imahluko. Oku kugxeka kuphawuleka ngokukodwa phakathi kwabavoti abaselula nabo banemigangatho ephantsi yezopolitiko.

Ingxelo yomnxeba wamahashe egxininisa uphando olungaphaya kwenkqubo ingacinezela ukubhadula. Xa ijelo-ndaba lisoloko linikela ingxelo yokuba omnye umvotelwa uphethe isikhokelo esingalawulekiyo, abaxhasi bombhexi basenokugqiba kwelokuba ukuvota akuncedi nganto. Ngokufanayo, ukubhalisa okubonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bobabini abaphambili banokungakukhuthazi ukuba nenxaxheba kukhetho olunentsingiselo.

Ukufikeleleka Kolwazi Nezithintelo

Umgangatho wolwazi olufumanekayo kubavoti uchaphazela intsebenziswano ecacileyo. Xa ijelo-lwazi linikela inkcazelo ecacileyo, efikelelekayo malunga neenkqubo zokubhalisa, iindawo zokuvota, kunye namanyathelo okuchola, unyuko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo okanye oluphikisanayo olumalunga nemfuno yokuvota lungadala imiqobo ethintela ukuthabatha inxaxheba, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abafumana ijelo lonxibelelwano olulinganiselweyo.

Amajelo eendaba anciphisa imiqobo yolwazi ngeli xesha edala ezinye. Ulwazi lokubhalisa ngekhompyutha kunye nendawo yokuvota kwenza ukuvota kufikeleleke ngakumbi kubemi abadityanisiweyo. Noko ke, ukuthembela kumaqonga amanani ukuba abavoti abangenazithintelo zolwazi oluluvotiweyo abangenayo i-intanethi elinganiselweyo, abavoti abadala abasenokungabi nalwazi lwamanani, kunye nabantu abahlala apho izibonelelo ezibanzi zingabangeni kakuhle.

Ucelomngeni Lokungawazi Kahle Ulwazi

I-Misnowment imela esona sisongelo sinzulu esibangelwa ngamajelo eendaba akhoyo kwiinkqubo zokhetho lwedemokhrasi. Isantya kunye nomlinganiselo apho inkcazelo yobuxoki isasazwa ngoonobumba bamanani zilucelomngeni lweenkqubo zesithethe zokulungisa iimpazamo eziyinyaniso nokugcina intetho yesidlangalala inolwazi.

Iintlobo Nemithombo Yolwazi Oluphosakeleyo

I-Misform iquka uludwe lweziganeko, ukusuka kwiimpazamo zangabom ukuya kumaphulo okuchasana. Ukungenelela kwezangaphandle kuye kwajolisa amaMerika kwiingxelo zezentlalo-ntle, amabali eendaba acetywayo, kwaye kwadibanisa ulwahlulo lwezahlukaniso. Abadlali basekhaya, kuquka amaphulo ezobupolitika namaqela okuqhatha, nabo bavelisa baze basasazane ngobuchule bolwazi olulahlekisayo.

  • Imixholo edityanisiweyo: Ngokupheleleyo amabali obuxoki ayilelwe ukuvela ngeendaba ezifanelekileyo, ngokufuthi anezihloko ezishukumayo zentloko zenzelwe ukwandisa ukwabelana.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imixholo edityanisiweyo: ulwazi lokwenene lutshintshiwe ukulahlekisa, kuquka nokuhlela iividiyo, imifanekiso efakiweyo, kunye nokucaphula okuqhatha ngokukhohlisayo.
  • [[UMTLL:0] Ulwazi oluyinyaniso olunikezelwe kumongo olahlekisayo, njengomndilili ’ umba wolwazi ovela kumashumi eminyaka agqithileyo onikezelwe njengenkqubo yangoku.
  • I-IMFURRON:[ Ii-akhawunti kunye neewebhsayithi zokukhohlisa ezixelisa imithombo esemthethweni ukuze zinike ukunyaniseka kobuxoki kwiintelekelelo ezingachananga.

Iikhampuni zentlokoma namaqampu esihluzi

Ukwenziwa komxholo wemithetho yokuziphatha kumaqonga onxibelelwano lwezentlalo kudala iindawo apho abasebenzisi badibana khona nolwazi olungqamana nolukhoyo. La magumbi eentlokoma aqinisa i-CPF kwaye anciphisa ukuchanabeka kwizinto eziphikisanayo, nto leyo eyenza abasebenzisi babe sengozini yokufumana inkcazelo ephosakeleyo exhasa imbonakalo yehlabathi.

Intshukumisa yokuqhuba iqonga lemithetho-manani yahlula le miphumela. Ukudibanisa-amanani okutshintsha imigaqo-nkqubo kubeka phambili okuqulethwe ngokweemvakalelo, okubonakala kugqithise ngakumbi kwaye kungenachanekanga kakhulu kunokulinganisa, ulwazi oluyinyaniso. Olu tyekelo lwesakhiwo luchaphazela ukuqonda kovoti ngokunika impembelelo egqithisileyo ngaphezu kwento kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemiqathango.

Imigudu yokuhlasela neyokuhlasela

Ukuphendula kwingxaki engachazwanga, imibutho ekhangela inyani ivelise njengabadlali ababalulekileyo kwimeko-bume yolwazi. Amaqela afana FactCkeb. org, PolitiFct uphando, kunye ne[FLT]SN] Spets [[ ezithe rhoqo zivavanya iintengiso ezenziwe ngabaqwalaseli, imirhumo, kunye nemithombo yesixhobo sokungenisa izixhobo, ukunika i-FOffida kunye nococalute oluchanekileyo lolwazi.

Ungenelelo lomgangatho weplatform, kuquka imigaqo-nkqubo yokulinganisela, ukubhaliswa kolwazi oluphikiswayo, kunye nokuncitshiswa komthetho wokukhuthaza okuqulathwe yi-algorithi, kubonise iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa la manyathelo anokungaguquguquki kwaye agqwetheka ngokwezobupolitika, ngoxa abaxhasi begcina kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kakhulu kwezixhobo zekhompyutha.

Imisebenzi yemfundo yoomatiloshe nokuxhotyiswa

Ukuxhobisa abavoti ngobuchule bokulawula imeko-bume yezonxibelelwano zale mihla kubalulekile ukuze bagcine iinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezisempilweni. Indlela yokufundisa kufuneka ithethe ngobuchule bomntu ngamnye kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yendalo kwizinto eziphilayo.

Imfundo yokubhala nokwenza umsebenzi wedata

Iinkqubo ezinika ingqalelo ekubhaleni ulwazi ezikhoyo kumajelo eendaba zifundisa abavoti ukuba bahlolisise imithombo ngokucokisekileyo, bachaze ubugcisa obuqhelekileyo bokungachananga, baze baqinisekise iingxelo ezithe zathethwa ngaphambi kokuba bababelane ngazo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zihambelana ngaphaya koluhlu olulula lokuhlola ubuchule bokuqwalasela obunokudluliselwa obusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamajelo eendaba neeqonga.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemfundo yolwazi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo nakwimibutho yasekuhlaleni kuye kwabonisa imiphumo emihle. Abafundi abafumana imfundo ecwangcisiweyo yokufunda amajelo eendaba babonisa ubuchule obuphuculiweyo bokwahlula imithombo ethembekileyo, ukubonakalisa ikhethe nokuxhathisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Iinkqubo ezifanayo ezijolise kubantu abadala kwiithala, kwiintlangano zezezezentlalo nakwii-intanethi ziyakwazi ukudlulisela ezi nzuzo kubantu abadala.

Ukukhuthaza imithombo yolwazi olunokuthenjwa

Ukwazi nokukhuthaza imithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo kunceda abavoti basebenzise amajelo eendaba ahlukeneyo. Imibutho yoluntu engoonondaba ivavanya iindlela zokukhupha imithombo-ndaba ezisekelwe kwimilinganiselo yomhleli, ukubonakala, kunye nezenzo zokulungisa, zinika ireyithi ezinceda abavoti benze ukhetho olunolwazi malunga nendawo abanokufuna kuyo ulwazi.

Imibutho yoshishino-lwazi lukawonke-wonke, kuquka NPR kunye PBS, yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni imigangatho ephezulu yoonondaba ngexesha unceda abaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo. Ukuxhasa utyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke kula macandelo kuxhasa ukubonelela kwabo ngokuchanileyo, ngokulungeleleneyo ngemibandela yezobupolitika.

Iingenelo ezisekelwe kuluntu

Imibutho yasekuhlaleni neenkokeli zoluntu zinokuba ngabameli abathembekileyo benkcazelo, zincede abavoti bahlole inkcazelo yezopolitiko kwimimandla eyaziwayo. Amaziko okholo, amaziko oluntu, kunye neembutho zobume basekuhlaleni anokufumana iintlanganiso zenkcazelo, ii-commental commentals, kunye namaqela akhuthaza inxaxheba ngolwazi.

Ezi ndlela zisekelwe kuluntu zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ekufikeleleni abavoti abangawathembiyo amajelo eendaba esizwe okanye abavakalelwa behlukanisiwe kwintetho yezobupolitika ephambili. Ngokunika ulwazi ngemijelo ethembekileyo yasekuhlaleni, ezi zingenelelo zingayoyisa eminye yemiqobo eyenziwa ziimeko-bume ze-media yesizwe ezidityanisiweyo.

Isiphelo

Impembelelo yamajelo eendaba kwingqiqo yabavoti nokuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo imela ucelomngeni kunye nethuba lolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ngoxa ukwahlulwa nokuthengiswa kwamajelo eendaba kudala iingozi zokwenene kubemi abanolwazi, kwabu bubugcisa obunye obunika iziphako eziluncedo kwimfundo, ukuganana nokuphendula.

Abaqondiyo indlela esetyenziswa ngayo impembelelo yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuxhathisa ukurhoxisa ukurhwaphilizwa nokusenza izigqibo ezihambelana neemfuno zabo. Uxanduva lokulondoloza indalo yolwazi olusemgangathweni olusempilweni luxhomekeke kubantu ngabanye, kumaqumrhu, nakwiinkampani zeqonga ngokufanayo. ukudityaniswa kwemithombo yezixhobo eendaba akuyo nje inkqeqele yomntu kodwa yimbopheleleko yequmrhu loluntu kwidemokhrasi yanamhlanje.

Njengoko amajelo eendaba eqhubeka eguquka, imigaqo esisiseko yobumi bedemokhrasi ayiguquguquki: funa iimbono ezahlukeneyo, qinisekisa inkcazelo phambi kokuba uthathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezobupolitika ngehlombe nangengqiqo. Abaxhasi bale migaqo banokusebenzisa i-media sprsquo; amandla okubophelela idemokhrasi ngoxa benciphisa amandla ayo okugqwetha kunye nolwahlulo.