Ukuqala: Indima Eyandayo Yeesithuba Eziluhlaza Ezisedolophini Kwimozulu

Imimandla eluhlaza yasedolobheni — iipark, imiyezo yengingqi, imithi yemilatho, kunye nezikhundla zendalo . Zizibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zokutshintsha imozulu kunye nempilo yoluntu. Kule zixeko zase-UK, imimandla eluhlaza inceda ukufunxa amanzi ashushu, ukunciphisa iziphumo zeziqithi ezishushu zasedolophini, ukuphucula umgangatho womoya, nokulungiselela izilwanyana zasendle. Kwakhona zinika abemi iindawo zokuqhelisa, intlalo, kunye nokunxulumana nendalo, ezixhasa ukuhlala kakuhle kwengqondo kunye nempilo yoluntu. Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, oomatilo-dolophu abanyuliweyo abakwizixeko ezinkulu ze-UK baye baqhuba imigaqo yemozulu ekhuthaza indalo, ikhuselwa, ikhuselwa, kunye nokuphatha ezi zinto eziluhlaza. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela abazenza ngayo imozulu kwizixeko ezifana ne-London, iManberg, kunye ne-Bristom, iziphumo ezisasele zikho.

Ukuzinikela kwe-UK ekukhupheni komnatha nge-esile ngo-2050, kunye nezibhengezo zemozulu yongxamiseko, zifake izibonelelo eziluhlaza kumbindi wocwangciso lwedolophu. Abaqhubi, kunye namandla abo okuhlanganisa kunye nolawulo lobuchule, uthutho, kunye noqingqo-mali lwemeko-bume, babekwe kwindawo eyodwa ukudibanisa izithuba eziluhlaza kwintshukumo yemozulu. Kodwa ukwanda kwezithuba eziluhlaza akunangxaki. Ukuxhathisa kwemiqathango, ukukhuphisana kwemisebenzi, kunye nomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kohlaza okuluhlaza kufuna ulawulo olucoselelekileyo. Olu hlaluo lutsala amaxwebhu enkqubo enkqubo, uphando oluzimeleyo, kunye nohlolisiso olunika umfanekiso obanzi wempembelelo yemozulu ye-odolokhwe kwizithuba eziluhlaza ze-UK.

Imbali yeMayoral Climate Policies ezixekweni zeUK

Ukuqalisa koomatiloshe abanyuliweyo ngqo kwizixeko ezininzi zamaNgesi baye batshintshela kulawulo lwezixeko kwimimandla yedolophu elungelelanisiweyo, icandelo lemozulu elinqamlezayo. Amagnethi eLondon, iManchester, iNtshona Midlands, iNtshona yesiXeko iLiverpool, iBristol, nabanye baye bavakalisa iingozi zemozulu kunye nokumisela amaxhoba okuncitshiswa kwekharbon adlula amabhongo esizwe. Iinjongo zemozulu zabo ziquka imilinganiselo yokwandisa imigangatho yemithi yasedolophini, ukubuyisela indawo ezihlala kuyo, ukuphucula izibonelelo eziluhlaza, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi banokufikelela kwisithuba esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu esihamba kancinane kumakhaya abo.

Imithombo yeSebe

Imali ekhuselweyo enjengeLondon Green Fund okanye iNgxowa-mali yeNkundla Yokusingqongileyo yeManchester. Abanye oomatiloshe baye benza iikomishini ehlanjiweyo okanye inkxaso-mali ehlambulukileyo esetyenziswa kwimiqathango emininzi. Imali ivela kwizalathiso zorhulumente osembindini, ukuqokelelwa kwemali yezoshishino, ukugcinwa kwemali yezothutho, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ivela kwimibutho yabucala. IUK Paclate Hundment Provices Fund kunye neNgxowaleko yeNguqulo ephezulu isetyenziswa ukuxhasa imisebenzi ehlahlelayo eluhlaza ezixekweni.

Imeko Yemozulu Eyingozi

NgoJuni 2020, amagunya asekuhlaleni angaphezu kwama-300 eUK aye avakalisa ungxamiseko lwemozulu. Kwizixeko, izibhengezo zomphathi-dolophu zamisela indlela yokutshintsha-tshintsha kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Umzekelo, usodolophu waseManchester wavakalisa ungxamiseko lwemozulu ngoJulayi 2019, elandelwa yisivumelwano sokwenza i-region carbon yesixeko ibe yeyobundili ngo-2038. usodolophu waseLondon wabeka ixhoba le London ukuze ibe ne-nethi ene-zero ngo-2030. Ezi zibhengezo ziye zanyusa ukudityaniswa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza neziluhlaza neziluhlaza kwisakhiwo esiphakathi sesixeko, ngokufuthi ngemibutho ezinikeleyo kunye noqingqo-mali.

ILondon: Ilabhu YobuGreen Urban

Usodolophu waseLondon, uSadiq Khan, ubeke icandelo lokusingqongileyo kunye nendawo eluhlaza ekhulayo embindini wegama lakhe lesibini. Icebo leLondon (201) ukwazisa iUrban Greening Factor [] [isixhobo sokuyila esifuna inkqubela-phambili entsha ukufikelela kwinqaku elincinane eliluhlaza elisekelwe kummandla wophahla oluluhlaza, iindongangomthi, nemiphakamo ekwindawo ebanzi. Le nkqubo iqhube ulwando olukhawulezileyo kuphahla oluluhlaza olunqamle iko, ne 50 000 yeemitha ezikweredi ezifakiweyo ngonyaka engama-2022222 kuphela.

INgxowa-mali yesiXeko saseGreener kunye nokuHlanganiswa kweeNgcitho zePaki

INgxowa-mali yesiXeko saseGreener iqaliswe ngo-2018, ibonelela ngemisebenzi engaphezulu koo-$6 ezigidi ukuya kuma-200, ukusuka kwiipaki zepokotho kwimimandla ephezulu ukuya kutsho ekutshayeleni kwemibhobho ye-lori. Ingxowa-mali yangaphambili ikhusela iindawo ezigqunywe yimihlathi yemithi ephantsi kwemithi nengenawo amathuba okufikelela kwindawo eluhlaza, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kwe-London i-boroughts. Ngaphezu koko, i- i-Parks ye- Good[FLT] inkqubo ixhasa amagunya asekuhlaleni ekuphuculeni izakhiwo zopaki, ivula izithuba eziluhlaza zotyalo, ukukhula nokuphuculwa kwezityalo. Isiphumo sisoloko sinyukelwe umthi we-London kusuklo lwe-2017,2%,22%, kunye nexhoba ngu-202050.

Amarridor Aluhlaza Nohambo Olukhutheleyo

I-London Streetspace yenkqubo yeLondon iquka izicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo zendlela ezidibanisa iipaseji kunye nendawo yokuhlala ekhoyo ngexesha lesifo, kwaye uninzi lwale macebo okwexeshana luye lwaba ziipaseji ezisigxina. ze-Cliatence Resilient London[ iquka iipaseji eziluhlaza ezidibanisa iipaki kunye nendawo yokuhlala ekhoyo, ukuvumela izilwanyana zasendle zihambe kwimathelity zedolophu kwaye zinikezele indlela ekhuselweyo, ezisezantsi zendlela zohambo olusebenzayo. Ulwando lwe-Crew [[FLT] Chalt kunye [FLT] [FLT:]] kunye [FLT]] iinyawo ze-RGPipling [FFFFFFF:5]

Iingxaki ELondon

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela eqhubekayo, ukungalingani okuqhubekayo kusekho. Amasebe atyebileyo anesithuba esiluhlaza esiphinda-phindwe kane kumntu ngamnye kunawona ahlwempuzekileyo. Ulwandiso lwengcali oluluhlaza. "ukuya apho ipaki ezintsha zandisa amaxabiso empahla kunye nokususa indawo ephantsi kwemivuzo yabemi" kwaye zibhaliwe kwiindawo ezifana neHackney kunye ne-Elephant kunye neCastle. I-ofisi yoomatiloshe iphendule ngeKhomishini yeGreenki yeMimandla yeMimandla yeMimandla yeLungu [[FLT] ukuvelisa iindlela zokulwanisa, ezifana neemfuno zezindlu ezinokufumaneka kufutshane ezingundoqo kwipaki ezintsha kunye nezindlu zasekuhlaleni.

IManchester Enkulu: Ukusuka EBrownfield Ukuya Kwindawo Eluhlaza

Usibonda omkhulu weManchester, u-Andy Burnham, uqhubele phambili i- ucwangciso lokudibanisa imo yezulu nokuzinzisa kwemeko-bume. INgxowa-mali yeManchester yeMbindi yeManchester, esungulwe ku-202020, utyalo lwemali kawonke-wonke kunye nolwabucala lokubuyisela ikomkhulu lwendalo kwisixeko-region. Iprojekthi yenqanawa ye-FOLT yiSithi yeMithi[[FLT:]] inyathelo lokuqala, elijongene lokutyala imithi emine zigidi ezintathu, , kubaminye kwabahlali-202, ngaphezu kwe-202.82-zigidi zemithi ityalwe mhlaba eluhlaza nakwezoshishika .

Ukhukula oludityanisiweyo noLawulo lweHeat

Imigaqo yemozulu yeManchester idibanisa ngokucacileyo iindawo eziluhlaza kunye nezikhukuliseko. Iprojekthi ye- i-Active, edityaniswe yi-EUBOM, iphinde yabuyisela iipaseji zomlambo kwiIrwell, iMedlock, neTamee ezibamba izithuba ezidityanisiweyo, ezidala izakhiwo ezinokufunxa amanzi agqithisiweyo. [FLT:] i-Clibon Familse inyanzelela ukuba zonke inkqubela-phambili yenkqubela-phambili ibandakanya iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi (SSS), ezidla ngokuthatha uhlobo lwemiyezo zemvula, i-sleaale, kunye nezikhuthulelo eziphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda indawo ebanzi. [FLT:[FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF]]] [orledred:] kumzekelo wendlela yophatho-madridel: elungele ukujikeleza yenqanawa esetyenziswa kwendlela e

Izithuba Nempilo Ekhulayo Eluntwini

I-Manchester’s I-row Oldham kunye ] Amanyathelo okuxhasa uluntu lokulima kwilizwe elitsha. Impilo kunye nobuchule obuhle bomphathi-mikhosi bubonisa ukuba ukufikelela kwizabelo kunye nemiyezo yoluntu kuphucula ukutya, umsebenzi womzimba, kunye nenkomfa. Ngaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amabini anetho, amatsha athe asekwa kwimimandla emininzi ethwaxwa yingxaki enkulu. Uvavanyo lwa 20222 lufumanise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba babika ulwando kwimithambo yeveki yonke kunye nolwando lwe-15% kwiziqhamo kunye nolwando lwe-mifuno.

Ucelomngeni Lokuxhasa Nolawulo

Ulwandiso lwendawo oluluhlaza oluphezulu lweManchester luxhomekeke kwimixube yemali edityanisiweyo, inkxaso yemali yelotho, kunye nokuxhasa kwequmrhu. Noko ke, uqingqo-mali luye lwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-paki yesiseko sogcino-nkqubo ukususela ngo-2010 nge-avareji yama-30% kwisixeko. Iipaki ezininzi ngoku zixhomekeke kwivolontiya “yabahlobo bama-" amaqela okudibanisa iinkonzo zebhunga. I-ofisi yomphathi-dolophu ihlola i- Parks kunye neGreenSavies Services , imodeli efana nothutho lwe-Manster, ukukhusela inkxaso ende.

IBirmingham, iBristol, neGlasgow: Isenzo seSixeko- Esinesantya

Ngoxa iLondon neManchester zinikelw ’ ingqalelo eninzi, ezinye izixeko zaseUK ziye zavelisa iinkqubo ezibalaseleyo ezingokwasemkhathini phantsi kokhokelo loosodolophu.

EBirmingham: Ukuvuselelwa Kolu hlobo

IMidlands Edityanisiweyo yeMidminghams Adminlands Agued Ague, ekhokelwa nguMayor Ander Street, yakhupha iNgxowa-mali yeLifa leMveli #WM2041] isicwangciso semozulu, esimisela umnatha-zero ngo-2041. Isicwangciso siquka iNgxowa-mali yeLifa leMveli [[FLT:] Imali yeLifasi] i-FOLT [[FLT]] i-AFMFF] i-AN [345] ukubuyisa nokuphucula iipaki zembali ezinjengeSiqinga neSutton Park. Igroua ixhase i-Greaw [[5] i-FLT] ucwangciso lwe-methi lomsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi we-omatika.[5]

IBristol: Isicwangciso sesithuba esiluhlaza- Abantu

Usodolophu onyuliweyo waseBristol, uMarvin Rees, wamkela isiXeko esinye” esisondela kwimozulu kunye nemekobume yendalo. Bristol Urban neWoodland Strategy [[[FLL:3] [2023]) ijolise ekunyuseni umthi ogquma ukusuka kwi 14% ukuya ku 20% nge 2050, ngokujolise kwi-2050, ingqwalasela kwimiphakathi engekho mithi. I-ofisi yomphathi wedolophu yadala indibano yabemi kwimozulu ephembele ngqo izakhiwo ezintsha zepoko eSouthme kunye neHarkiffeffe. I-Bristone [FFFFFFFF] [FFFFFF] , unxweme lombutho lwe-Greawn (ieat) kunye ne-Grealls propt , i-Greart (ieast) njengemeko yesixeko se-Greeaw.

Glasgow: Ilifa elinombala oluhlaza

Ngeli xesha iGlasgow asisosixeko esisiso soomatiloshe ngokwengqiqo yamaNgesi (inenkokeli yequmrhu), iinkqubo zemozulu yesixeko zasemva kwe-COP26 zibonise iphulo lomphathi-dolophu. Glasgow Democratical Climatement Arcement Strategy[[[[FLT:]] ucwangciso lwenkqubo olufaka uphahla oluluhlaza kunye nodonga oluhlalayo kumabhaso, luxhaswa ngumbathi kunye nezakhiwo. [FLT]

Iziphumo zemozulu kwinkqubela yesithuba esiluhlaza: Ukuxilonga okulungeleleneyo

Isiphumo sonyuselo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu yoosodolophu belulwando olubalulekileyo nokuphucula iindawo eziluhlaza zasezidolophini ezinqamleza izixeko ze-UK. Noko ke, iziphumo azilunganga ngendlela enye, kwaye impumelelo yenkqubo iyahluka ngokwesixeko, imodeli yolawulo, kunye nokufumaneka kwemithombo.

Iziphumo Ezifanelekileyo

  • Isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu obunyusiweyo: Izifundo eLondon zibonisa ukuba abamelwane kunye ne >20% uphahla lomthi yi3/5°C ipholile kunaleyo ine-210% egqunywe ngexesha le-itshiswa. Iinkqubo zokutyala i-Mayoral zinxulumene ngqo nezi zicuthiso.
  • Umgangatho womoya namanzi olinganisiweyo: izibonelelo eziluhlaza kwimimandla yeSalford neSt Philips eBristol zathintela i 30% yomba ohamba ngenqwelo-moya kwaye zanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-40% kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya.
  • Ezininzi izityalo eziphila ngokulinganayo: iipaseji eziluhlaza zase-London kunye nee-lastling zonxweme lweManchester zibone ukwanda kweentaka nezinambuzane. IWildlife Trusts inikela ingxelo yokunyuka kwe 25% yemintshulo yemifuno eninzi kwiindawo ezixhaswe yimali yedolophu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Impilo e-'i-IMF' e-'i-ace' elungeleleneyo' nelungileyo: Isifundo se-2023 kwi- Journal ye-Epidemiology & uluntu Kezempilo[ ifumanise ukuba abemi abahlala kwi-300 yeemitha zepaki entsha edalweyo eBirmingham baxele ukuncitshiswa kwe-12% kwixhala noxinzelelo xa kuthelekiswa namaqela okulawula.
  • Inzuzo yezoqoqosho:[ Izithuba eziluhlaza zandisa amaxabiso empahla nge 15% kwezinye iindawo, zivelisa ingeniso eyongezelelekileyo yerhafu yebhunga. Ukutyelela izakhiwo kunye nokuchitha ixesha lokuzonwabisa okunxulumene nepaki kunika imali eqikelelwayo yezigidi ezingama-$300 ngonyaka kuqoqosho lwe-London.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

  • I- Imiqathango enika inkxaso: Phezu kwako nje ukuqaliswa koomatiloshe, uqingqo-mali lwepaki engundoqo kwizixeko ezininzi ze-UK luye lwancipha ngo-20-40% ukususela ngo-2009. Iiprojekthi ezininzi ezintsha zixhomekeke kwimali yamakomkhulu, enemali encinane yokuxhasa okuqhubekayo. Oku kukhokelela “kwindalo eluhlaza engenankathalo”----okanye nepaki ezintsha eziyehlayo kwiminyaka embalwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] IKhomishini yeSiphekepheke esiluhlaza kunye noshenxiso: Njengoko kuphawulwe eLondon nase Manchester, izakhiwo ezintsha eziluhlaza zisoloko zityhala irente kunye namaxabiso empahla, ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto inceda iintsapho ezityebileyo. [ IKhomishini yeSimandla esiLuhlaza eLondon kunye [FLT:]] ne [FLT] Community Ilungelo lokuthenga [ kwiManberg inguqumslay ekhethayo, kodwa ukushenxwa kuhlala kungumba wendlela.
  • Uqhekeka kwenzululwazi yendalo: Ezinye iinkqubo zoomatiloshe zokonga phambi kokuba zihombise okanye ziyonwabise iindawo eziluhlaza ezikufutshane nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwama-2024 lwamaphahla aluhlaza eLondon lwafumanisa ukuba kuphela ama-20% asebenzisa iidityaniswe zezityalo zemveli, ukulinganisela ixabiso lazo lentlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo.
  • umhlaba oqokelelwayo usetyenziswa: amaxhoba ezindlu kunye nezibonelelo zezithuthi zisoloko zingqubana nolwandiso lwesithuba esiluhlaza. EBristol, ipaki entsha enkulu ecwangciselwe i-Eastville yahlatywa ngokomlinganiselo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwendawo yophuhliso.
  • [[NTLT: 0] Izithuba kunye nokuhlola: Zimbalwa izixeko ezinemephu ezibanzi, eziya- kwimihla zonikezelo lwesithuba esiluhlaza nomgangatho. Oku kwenza ukuba inkqubela-phambili imephu yesithuba sengcambu ingabi lula. Isalathisi sescreen Slash ukusuka kwibala le Trust inika izalathiso eziluncedo, kodwa hayi zonke iindawo zoomatiloshe ezithe nxaxheba ngokulinganayo.

Imigaqo Yexesha Elizayo: Ukuhlengahlengisa Nokufaka Impembelelo Enzulu

Ukuze kunyuswe iingenelo zemozulu kummandla oluhlaza okwizixeko, kufuneka utshintsho oluninzi.

Ukuxhasa Utshintsho

Imali yexesha elide exhasa ugcino lwesithuba esiluhlaza kufuneka ikhuselwe. Iinketho ziquka iipaki ezinikezelweyo ze-levy (ezifana neendawo zokuphucula amashishini), ukufakwa kwezibonelelo eziluhlaza kwirhafu yebhunga, okanye iNgxowa-mali yesizwe yeGreenland Space Endowment. Ingxelo yePaki, epapashwe yiParliamentary Group on Parks and Green Spaces, incomela ukusetyenziswa kwemijingi yemiji ekwindawo 2% yexabiso lonke lophuhliso lwendawo eluhlaza kunye nokugcinwa.

Izikhuselo zokuthintela ukususwa

Abasebenzi kufuneka bagunyazise ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi wesithuba esiluhlaza oxhaswayo ekuhleni oquka iSivumelwano se- se-Community Iingenelo ze- ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuqeshwa kobulali. I-Green Siglean Space Areacare abaphathi be-ofisi yesebe [[] ibonise isithembiso sokuqhuba inqwelo-moya kwi-oolwich yase-London: abahlali-magent epaki kwaye banelungelo lokungalamkeli kwiyunithi yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka kwimisebenzi enxulumene nayo.

Izicombululo Ezisekelwe Kwindalo

Ipolitiki kufuneka itshintshe ekubeni imbonakalo yohlaza ifikelele kwizisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo ezikhulisa intlobo-ntlobo zemozulu kunye nokuzinzisa kwemozulu. Oku kuthetha ukusebenzisa iintlobo-ntlobo zendalo, ukwenza izigcini-zigcini zethayitha zemvula, kunye nokuvumela ukuvuselelwa kwendalo apho kunokwenzeka. Isicwangciso seNto yendalo Urban sisekelwe kwi-RSPB kunye ne-Local Nature internetshiship, inika isikhokelo esithelekisayo esifuna abalawuli abaninzi.

Izixhobo zamanani kunye nenzululwazi yabemi

Ugcino-lwazi olungcono lubalulekile. Inyathelo le-Green Space acces Mapping elikhokelwa yiYunivesithi yaseManchester, lisebenzisa intelekelelo yesatellite kunye nengxelo zonikezelo. Abachweli kufuneka bafake imali kwiqonga elivulekileyo elivumela abemi banike ingxelo yeemeko zopaki kwaye bacebise iinguqu, baphucule ukuphendula.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo yemozulu yeMayoral ibuyisela izithuba eziluhlaza zasedolobheni ezikwizixeko ze-UK ngendlela esisiseko. Ukusuka kwiUrban Greening Factor yaseLondon ukuya kwisiXeko saseManchester saseTrew naseBristol ipaki ekwipokotho yemibhobho edinwayo, ukutshintshela kwimozulu edityanisiweyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwezixhobo eziluhlaza kunika abahlala khona iingenelo ezinokufumaneka ngokunyanisekileyo, izilwanyana zasendle, izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokuzinzisa imozulu yazo. Noko ke, ezi zinto ziphunyezwe zibuthathaka. Ukuxhasa iimfuno, iingcinezelo, uknakelo, kunye nokuhlengavisisani kwemeko-bume yendalo kuya kufuna ukuqhubekeka kwenkqubela, ukusetyenziswa kwembutho, kunye nokuxoka kwentlalo-ntlalo-ntle yentlalo-ntle.