Isiseko Senkumbulo Yemfazwe EJapan

Ilifa leMfazwe Yehlabathi II lisengomnye weyona mikhosi inamandla kwezobupolitika zamaJapan. Ukusuka kulwando lwemfazwe lweminyaka yee-1930 ukuya kutsho kwizixhobo ze-athom eHiroshima neNagasaki, inkumbulo yelizwe elidibeneyo yophuka kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo namazwe afikelele kwingxelo yembali edityanisiweyo, edityanisiweyo . Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iqonga lamaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika, iphembelela yonke into ukusuka kwingxoxo yesiseko somgaqo-siseko ukuya kumgaqo welizwe langaphandle leTshayina noMzantsi Korea.

Emva kwemfazwe, umsebenzi womanyano (1945-19952) wamisa umgaqo-siseko wokungathathi-nxaxheba kwaye wazama ukuchitha iphondo lemfazwe. IMibango yaseTokyo (146-1948) yazama ukuseka ingxelo esemthethweni yolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe yaseJapan, kodwa ukwamkelwa kwamakhaya kwahlukahluka. AmaJapan amaninzi azijonga njengamaxhoba ngokuyintloko (angamaxhoba eebhombu ze-athom, ibhombu zebhombu, i-ombling, kunye nokuswela kwemfazwe ) njengeengxhwephe. Oku “kuxhomekeke kwingqondo” kuhlala kusezinzini zengxelo zezobupolitika ezithile zezobupolitika. Ngokuchasene noko, igalelo lwesizwe lugxininisa ifa le Japan, ilungelo lokusebenza loMkhosi we-Impere eAsia, kunye nokufuna ukubuyisela ikratshi lesizwe ne-Ostrustrustism.

Umphumo yimeko yezobupolitika apho inkumbulo yemfazwe ingeyonyaniso engokwembali, kodwa isakhiwo sedabi leengcamango esiqhubekayo. Imikhosi ikhetha, isandi, okanye ithintele izinto ezahlukeneyo zexesha elidluleyo ukuthethelela imigangatho yayo. Ukuqonda olu khetho kubalulekile ekuqondeni imicimbi yasekhaya yaseJapan nendawo yayo ehlabathini.

Imikhosi Ebalaseleyo Yezobupolitika Nenkumbulo Yayo Yemfazwe

Iqela leDemocratic Committee (LDP)

I-LDP ilawula iJapan ixesha elininzi lasemva kwemfazwe, kwaye ukuma kwayo kwinkumbulo yemfazwe akuyiyo emonothi. Iqela elilawulayo libeka iJapan njengelizwe elithanda uxolo elicamagushela ixesha lalo elidlulileyo kwaye ngoku lifak' isandla kuzinzo lwehlabathi lonke kwiindlela zezoqoqosho nezezobuzwe. Noko ke, amaphiko angaphakathi athelekisayo ngokwesithethe, ngokufuthi anxulunyaniswa nabalungiseleli bemfazwe abaphambili njenge Shinzo Abe, aqhubela phambili “umkhosi oqhelekileyo” --okanye ungathintelwanga ngumthetho-omthetho wemfazwe welizwe. S.-okanye umgaqo-owesizwe ojonge ukusetyenziswa kwemfazwe yemfazwe yemfazwe. Aba bagqabhula imbono baphikisa ukuba imikhosi yemfazwe yaseJapan yamazwe azimeleyo kwaye ilizwe kufuneka lime “iphakalise imbali."

Ngexesha elinye, i-LDP iqulethe amalungu alungeleleneyo nawamazwe ngamazwe agxininisa ukubaluleka koxolelwano ne-Korea neTshayina. Axhasa ulwandiso lokhuseleko oluluqilima phakathi kwe-U.S.-Japan. Isakhiwo somanyano lweqonga olusesikweni lweqela lomgangatho lulungelelanisa olu tyekelo: ziphinda ziqinisekise uxolo, kodwa zikwabiza noMkhosi onamandla ozinzileyo (SDF) kunye namandla okusebenzisa i-ukhuseleko lobuqu. Impikiswano yeYasukini Shrini ibonakalisa lo mahluko `````'''''''', kanti abanye abeminye abezobupolitika abathi be-LDP baluphakamisa uluntu olufileyo, kuquka izigwebo zemfazwe), abanye bayiphepha ukunqanda ukuwa kwemicimbi yezopoliti.

Inkumbulo yemfazwe yeLDP ifeza injongo edityanisiweyo: inika ukujongwa phambili, uchazo loxolo kubantu basekhaya namazwe ngamazwe, ngelixesha imo ijonge ucwangco lwesizwe lwasemva kwemfazwe njengehlazo elimele loyiswe.

IQela leDemocratic yeJapan (CDP)

ICDP, eyakhiwa ngo-2017 njengendawo yokudibanisa imikhosi emininzi yasekhohlo, njengentloko egcina umgaqo-siseko weJapan wemfazwe. Ingxelo yayo yenkumbulo yemfazwe isekelwe ekuzisoleni nasekuvumeni uhlaselo lwamaJapan. Eli qela lichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba iJapan yabangela “umonakalo omkhulu kunye nokubandezeleka” kumazwe ase-Asia, kwaye ixhasa imigudu eqhubekayo yokudlulisela le mbali kwizizukulwana ezizayo. ICDP ichasa nayiphi na ingxubusho yeQumrhu leSihlo 9, “isho soxolo” esithi silahle imfazwe kwaye sithintele ukukwazi ukulwa kwemfazwe.

Nge-CDP, izifundo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi II zicacile: ukulwa kukhokelela kwintlekele, kwaye ukhuseleko lwamaJapan kufuneka lusekelwe kunxibelelwano, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye ne-SDF ethintelweyo ejolise ekunikezeleni iintlekele nasekugcineni uxolo. Iqela ligxeka imigudu ye-LDP yokwandisa imali yomkhosi nokuchaza kwakhona umgaqo-siseko, liphikisa ukuba oko kubeka engozini ukuzinza kwengingqi nokuthoneka kwabantu. I-CDP ikwaxhasa ukubonakala okungakumbi kwimfundo yembali, ixhasa iincwadi ezichaza ngemfazwe inkohlakalo engqubanayo nemithetho yesizwe ephikisanayo namalungu e-LDP akhetha iingxelo ezivumisayo.

Noko ke, i CDP ijongene nocelomngeni ekuguquleni le ngxelo kwimpumelelo yonyulo. Kwimeko yokhuseleko echazwa yimijukujelwa yasemntla Korea kunye nobuGqibeko bamaTshayina, izibheno zemfazwe zingabonakala zingenabuchule kwabanye abavoti. Eli qela liye lazama ukwandisa isibheno salo ngokugxininisa “impiliso eqhutywayo” ebandakanyeka ngokungqinelana ngeli xesha inkxaso yekhono lokuzikhusela `ko lwalo ) kodwa inkumbulo yalo yemfazwe ihlala idibene ncam kwimposiso nemithetho-siseko.

Komeito

Komeito, iqabane elincinci le-LDP elingumbutho omncinci ukususela ngo-1999, lisuka kwintlangano yamaBhuda yase-Soka Gakkai. Inkumbulo yayo yemfazwe ihluzwa ngeliso loxolo elisekelwe kwimigaqo yobuBhuda engeyoyomfazwe kwaye ihlonele ubomi. Komeito uyigxininise ngokwembali uhlaziyo olungokwembali lomgaqo-siseko kunye nolwandiso lwendima yemikhosi. Kulo mbutho, isebenza njengebreki yemfuno ye-LDP engakumbi. Umzekelo, ebudeni bengxoxo yomthetho wokhuseleko ka-2015, uKomeito wagxininisa ukuba ukukhuselwa okusemthethweni kokuzikhusela kweqela lomntu oziquququququze ne-effense, kwaye kwanceda umlinganiselo wokwenza i-SDF.

Ingxelo kaKomeito iphepha umlwi wexhoba elingudichotomy. Endaweni yoko, igxininisa imbopheleleko yeJapan yokukhuthaza uxolo ngoncedo loluntu, uncedo lokuphuhlisa nokuphelisa izixhobo. Inkxaso yeli qela iquka abantu abaninzi abahlala edolophini nabaxhasi bonqulo abajonga inkumbulo yemfazwe njengentsomi, hayi njengemvelaphi yekratshi. Ngoxa impembelelo kaKomeito iye yancipha kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iyaqhubeka ibumba indlela yokuqhuba imicimbi, ingakumbi ngokudimaza utyelelo oluphambili lobulungiseleli kwiYasukuni ukususela ngo-200 kuse phambili.

IQela lamaKomanisi laseJapan (JCP)

I-JCP inenkumbulo eyahlukileyo yemfazwe: ichaza iJapan njengomenzi wemfazwe nengcinezelo ekrakra, kodwa ikwagxininisa indima yabantu baseJapan (kuquka amakomanisi) njengamaxhoba kunye nabachasi. Eli qela lifuna ukuvunywa ngokupheleleyo kolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ukuphinda kukhuthazwe abafazi nabasebenzi abanyanzelwayo, nokunamathela ngokungqongqo kumthetho-siseko owiswe kumkhosi. I-JCP igxininisa ukuba u-U.S.-Japan udibanisa umkhosi okhokelela emfazweni, kwaye uxhasa imikhosi engekho mgangxenge-nxaxheba eJapan.

Iqonga leJCP lisebenzisa inkumbulo yemfazwe ukuthethelela isimo salo sokulwa ne-miliatary kunye nokuchasana ne-allicance. Ipapasha iingxelo zembali zezenzo zenkohlakalo zamaJapan kunye namaphulo achasene nokuhlanjwa kwencwadi. Ngoxa i-JCP ihlala ingumkhosi omncinane onezihlalo ezimalunga ne-10-12 kwindlu esezantsi, ukuma kwayo okunemigaqo kwinkumbulo yemfazwe kuyenza ikwazi ukuba negunya lemilinganiselo yokuziphatha phakathi kweenkcubeko ezikhohlayo nezoxolo.

Nippon Ishin (Iqela Lokukhulula laseJapan)

Nippon Ishin, iqela elihamba ngasekunene elisekelwe eOsaka, linendlela ebanzi yokuyikhumbula imfazwe. Iqonga lalo lijolise ekuhlaziyweni komgaqo-siseko, ukuhlaziywa koqoqosho, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemiqathango yengingqi. Kwimiba yembali, ishin ingqamana ne-LDP yohlanga: ixhasa “imikhosi eqhelekileyo”, iyayamkela ingcamango yokuba iJapan mayiqhayise ngembali yayo, kwaye icuthe i-cengxengxeze. Noko ke, isiseko sika-Ishin sahlukene kakhulu, kwaye iqela alikhange lenze ukuba inkumbulo yemfazwe ibe ngumba ombindindi wembali. Idla ngokuphatha imbali njengomcimbi osuka ekhohlo kwimvakalelo yangasese kunokuba imo yomthetho. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuba itsale i-provitation nabo balungeleneyo kwimicimbi yembali.

Impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo nolwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe

Uphengululo lomgaqo-siseko nenqaku 9

Eyona nkqubo ibonakalayo yokuphinda ibekwe kwisiseko semfazwe ingaphezulu kwenqaku lesi-9. I-LDP, phantsi kwe-Abe, icetyiswe ukongeza isalathisi esicacileyo se-SDF kumgaqo-siseko `a izakusinika ilungelo elipheleleyo kwaye isuse imigaqo ethintelayo. Le nkqubo iphinda- phindo iyalahlwa njengeyimfuneko ukukhusela iJapan kwihlabathi eliyingozi, kodwa abachasi bayijonga njengenyathelo elijongene nemfazwe efana nexesha langaphambi kwemfazwe. ICDP ne JCP ibhambele ukuvala izifundo zembali. Komeito yahlulwe: ukhokelo lwayo lwamkela iinguquko ezincinane kodwa luchasa iGaqo elisi 9 lomoya wayo. I Shin iyaxhasa, kodwa ke ngokonakulawula kunembali.

Ingxoxo inzulu ngokweemvakalelo kuba ingena kwingxelo ezisisiseko: luphawu loxolo lwasemva kwemfazwe oluyimpumelelo eqhayiyayo ukulondolozwa, okanye ikhamandela elizuzwe njengelizuzwe kumalungu angaphandle? Eli dabi lidlala qho kunyulo ngalunye nocwangciso lukaDiet, lulolonga indlela yokhuseleko olubanzi lwaseJapan.

Ukutyelela Itempile Yasukuni

Ukutyelelwa ngabaPhathi-mikhosi abaphambili kunye namalungu ekhabhathi kwiYasuni Shrine . apho izigebengu zemfazwe zeklasi-A zidityaniswe ecaleni kwamajoni aqhelekileyo `ezizona ndawo zibonakalayo zenkumbulo yemfazwe kulwalamano lwangaphandle. I-LDP isebenzisa izihlandlo zokuqinisekisa ukuba iJapan ifanele inike imbeko yonke imfazwe efileyo, kuquka ezo zigwetywe kwiMithetho yaseTokyo. ICDP, iJCP, kunye neKomeito zichasa utyelelo lwasemthethweni, ziphikisa abamelwane base-Asia kwaye ziphikisaneejainfs. I-China neSouth Korea isebenzisa utyelelo olunjalo ukugweba iJapan njengengapheliyo, isebenzisa intsebenziswano yemibathathu.

UMphathiswa omkhulu uShinzo Abe watyelela ingcwele ngo-2013, wabangela ingxaki enkulu yentsebenziswano. Ukususela ngoko, abanye abaPhathiswa beLDP (uSiga, uKisida) baye bakuphepha ukutyelela abantu, nangona bethumele imirhumo yesithethe. Lo mzekelo ubonisa ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kweemfuno zesizwe sasekhaya nemfuneko yolwalamano oluzinzileyo lwezizwe ngezizwe.

Ukuthuthuzela Amabhinqa Nokunyanzelwa Kwawo

“Amabhinqa athuthuzelayo” ." alwa ubukhoboka besondo ngexesha lemfazwe, buhlala buyimbambano ephambili. I-Conservative, ingakumbi kwi-LDP kunye ne-Ishin, iphikisa ukuba lo mbandela“ ngokungenamdla nangengozi” umiswe yisivumelwano sokwenziwa komkhwa okuqhelekileyo sonyaka ka-1965 noMzantsi Korea okanye, kamva, isivumelwano sonyaka wama 2015. Bathi uphando lwembali alukuxhasi ukunyanzeleka. ICDP ne-JCP yamkela imvume ebanzi yembali yokuba umkhosi ubandakanyeke ngokunzulu, kwaye babiza intethelelo nembuyiselo entsha. Abaxhasi abakhethekileyo beJapan ukuba badlulise umthetho wonke amaxhoba.

Ezi zimo zomahluko zichaphazela ulwalamano lweJapan noMzantsi Korea, apho ityala lisesona sikhalazo siphambili. Ukungaqiniseki kwe-LDP ukuphinda kubangele ukuba iKoriya ifune ukunyaniseka, ngoxa iindawo zeCDP zinikela enye indlela ukuba zinokufumana igunya. Kwangaxeshanye, abavoti bamaJapan ababeka intsebenziswano yokhuseleko kwi-U.S. kunye noMzantsi Korea basenokuxhomekeka kumaqela athembisa ukusingatha amanxeba amadala kunokuba bawavule kwakhona.

Iincwadi Zembali

Uvavanyo lwencwadi karhulumente yenye indawo apho inkumbulo yemfazwe iguqulela khona kwinkqubo. I-LDP icinezele ngokuphindaphindiweyo iincwadi zokufundela amabhinqa ezikhuthaza ulawulo lwesizwe neziphepha “iimbono zobuhlanga” zembali. Ngowama-2010, ulawulo lwe-Abe lwakhuthaza abavakalisi ukuba baquke ukuma kukarhulumente kwi Diayu/Senkaku ziqithiso nokungasihoyi inkqubo yokuthuthuzela amabhinqa. ICDP ne-JCP iyakugxeka oku njengokugqwetha nokuthethelela iincwadi ezigquma ngokubanzi i-Rhosalm, i-Nanjing Massscre, i-Uning Manumbe 731, kunye nezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zemfazwe. Umba wencwadi umba ngendlela ecacileyo eziqonda ngayo indlela izizukulwana ezizayo imfazwe, ikwenza imfazwe ende kwimfazwe ephakathi kwengqungqungquthela-yo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuselo kunye nomanyano lwe-US-Japan

Inkumbulo yemfazwe iphembelela indlela amaqela afunxa ngayo ulwando lwemikhosi yaseJapan. Ibali leLDP lokuphumelela “ulawulo lwemfazwe” likhokelela ekuxhaseni ulawulo lwe-1% GDP ekukhuseleni iindleko zokuzikhusela, ukufumana izixhobo zokulwa ezijikelezayo ezinde, kunye nokuyila ulawulo lomoya kunye nozinzo lwezijungqu. Le migaqo-nkqubo igwetyelwe njengempendulo eMntla Korea naseTshayina, kodwa ikwanxulunyaniswa nomnqweno wokubuyisela ukhuseleko lwamaJapan ngenkani lwangaphambi kwemfazwe. JCP iphithano neCDP iphikisa ukuba ezo ntshukumo zihamba zihamba zingena eJapan kwaye zisemngciphekweni eMerika, zisebenzisa iinkumbulo ze-1941 ukulumkisa ngokuchasene nomkhosi.

Komeito udlala indima etshintshayo, exhasa ulwakhiwo lolwandiso lolwandiso loxa ugxininiso kulungiso olucacileyo kunye nolawulo lomanyano. Ishin idla ngokuxhasa i-LDP kodwa ayithethi kangako. Isiphumo sisivumelwano sokhuseleko lwasemthethweni lwaseJapan esinamandla ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, kodwa sisenyanzelwa yinkcaso enamandla evela kwimikhosi esekelwe kwinkumbulo yemfazwe yokuchasa.

Ulwalamano neTshayina noMzantsi Korea

Akukho thunywashe wolwalamano lwehlabathi lonke lunento yokwenza nenkumbulo yemfazwe kuneendawo zeJapan ne-Mpuma Asia. I-LDP phantsi kwe-Abe kunye neenkokeli ezilandelayo zizame indlela ezimbini: ukulondoloza intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye nengxoxo yokhuseleko ngexa utyhalela emva ekugxekweni ngokwembali. I-CDP ne-JCP ixhasa uxolelwaniso olunzulu olusekelwe ekuceleni uxolo olungenakuphepheka kunye nokuzithethelela. Ukuphumelela kolawulo lwentlalo lwamaBhunga eJapan kuxhomekeke kwiqela elilawula (hCDP enqabileyo) ngokwembali iye yabetha isandi esingqubanayo esithe kratya, ngeliti ye-LDP ephakathi kwe-ORGragmatist kunye nezenzo zesizwe.

Urhwebo nokhuseleko lusoloko lungqubana neemvakalelo zembali. Impikiswano yorhwebo noMzantsi Korea yama-2019 ngokuyinxenye yabangelwa zizikhalazo zembali. Ukuqonda amaqonga eqela kucacisa isizathu sokuba maxa wambi iinkokeli zamaJapan zikhethe ungquzulwano ngokulalanisa kwimicimbi yembali / //iinjongo zezopolitiko ezisuka kwingxelo zemfazwe zinokudlula impumelelo yezentlalo-ntle yabantu.

Utshintsho Lwesizukulwana Nezimilo Eziquka Isizukulwana

Inkumbulo yemfazwe yaseJapan ayimi ndawonye. Njengoko isizukulwana semfazwe sidlula, abavoti abaselula abanxibelelani ngqo neziganeko. Noko ke, basaphenjelelwa yimfundo, i-media, kunye nentetho yezobupolitika. Uphando lwenkcukacha lubonisa ukuba amaJapan amancinane awanamdla kwingxoxo yokucela uxolo ngokwembali, kodwa kwakhona axhasa ngakumbi i-SDF kunye nohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko (ngoku, ngokwemodwa ngenxa yokuba ajonga umgaqo-siseko njengomsebenzi wobuzwe. iCDP ne-JCP kulwisana lokuzigcina inkanuko yokuxolisa kolutsha. Okwangoku, i-LDP ne-Ishin ifuna ikratshi lobuzwe elingenatyala elingokwembali.

Olu tshintsho lunganciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ugcino lwenkumbulo yemfazwe kwiqonga leqela. Noko ke, imbali ihlala igcinwe kwizakhiwo zequmrhu elikhoyo ````````I-LDP''',','iincwadi, utyelelo-leencwadi, utyelelo lwetempile----ascript' oluzakufuneka lungapheli ngokukhawuleza. Izakufuna ukulungelelanisa iingxelo zazo kwinkumbulo zasemva kwesandi seJapan apho imfazwe ingasaphiliseki kodwa ifundiswe inkumbulo. Sekunjalo, ezinye ii-LDP Geographers ziphikisa ngokubhekisa kwiziso ezizayo kunezikhalazo zexesha elidlulileyo. ICDP izama ukuvuselela ubumnandi njengophawu olulungileyo lwehlabathi. Indlela ezikhuphiselwano ezizakulungisa iJapan luza kutshintsha ngayo imbono yezobupolitika kamashumi eminyaka.

Isiphelo

Inkumbulo yemfazwe edibeneyo yaseJapan asiyonto idala, kodwa iyinto ephilayo, ephikiswayo echaza iintambo zemfazwe zeqela layo. I-LDP ilawula phakathi kobukhobono kunye nobuzwe, i-CDP ingqwele yokungachaphi, iKomeito ifaka imigaqo yoxolo yamaBhuda, iJCP iqinisa imbali yokuxhathisa kwabantu, kwaye i-Ishin iphatha iinkumbulo zemfazwe njengengaphantsi kwamandla esizwe. Ezi ngxelo ziphembelela ngqo ukuhlaziywa kolawulo lweziko, inkqubo yokhuseleko, imfundo yembali, kunye nonxulumano neTshayina ne-Korea. Imfazwe eqhubekayo ithetha indlela ekhunjulwa ngayo imfazwe yayo, engundoqo, izama ukulwa ngoko kuhlobo lwesizwe esifuna ukuba: ummelwane, ulawulo olunobulumko, ulawulo lwe-Allectist.

Njengokuba ixesha lasemva kwemfazwe lisiya liphela, ubunzima bezopolitiko benkumbulo yemfazwe bungatshintsha, kodwa bungaze buphele. Nabani na ofuna ukuqonda imicimbi yasekhaya yaseJapan okanye indima yayo kusimamezo lwaseMpuma Asia kufuneka alwe nala mabali asisiseko. Isizukulwana senkokeli zezakuba ziyaqhubeka zikhetha ukuba ziziphi iinkumbulo ezifanele zihlonelwe, ezithi zicinywe, kwaye ezithi zipheliswe, kwaye zipheliswe kwakhona. kwaye ukhetho lwazo luza kuphinda luphinde luphinde ngaphaya kwesakhiwo seDet.