Isivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu Nempembelelo Yaso Ehlala Ihleli Kubugcisa Nakuncwadi LwaseMantla EIreland

IGood Wearth Agreement, eyatyikitywa ngo-10 April 1998, yaphela amashumi eminyaka emfazwe yogonyamelo eMntla Ireland eyaziwa njengeMibango. Ngoxa injongo yayo yokuqala yayiyipolitiki ``imisela indawo entsha efihlakeleyo yorhulumente, isalatha-mda, kunye nesakhiwo samalungelo abantu, kwaye iziphumo zesiphumo zamalungelo oluntu zaya zifikelela kwingingqi yenkcubeko. Kulo mntla we-Ireland kunye nababhali, isivumelwano asizange siphawule nje kuphela ukuyeka ukudubula, savula isithuba esitsha esithelekelelayo. Sawavumela ukuba ashenxise ngapha kwengxelo yezantlukwano kunye nenkxhwaleko ukuze ahlole imixholo yomanyano, ukumanyana, kunye nethemba. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela inkqubo yoxolo eguqula imveliso yolwakhiwo lwendalo, ukusuka kwimiculo naku, kwaye nakubhala, nendlela aqhubeka ngayo isizukulwana sendalo siqhubeka ngayo ukumelana kweziphumo sexesha elidlulile.

Impucuko Ngaphambi Kwesivumelwano: Ingxabano Njengokusetyenziswa Kwendlela Entle

Ukuze aqonde impembelelo yokuguqula kweGood Wear Agreement, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde umongo wobugcisa beNqaba (c. 1968-1988). Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, abazobi nababhali base-Ireland basebenza phantsi kwethunzi logonyamelo lwamahlelo, ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika, kunye nolwahlulo olunzulu lwabantu. Umsebenzi wabo wawusoloko ubonakalisa le nyaniso qha njengenkcazelo nje edityanisiweyo, kodwa njengokuzibandakanya ngokunzulu nexabiso lenkxwaleko.

Uncwadi Lweengxaki

I-Poet enjenge Sealus Heaney, Derek Mahon, kunye noPaul Muldon baduma ngokuba bakwazi ukuthatha uxinezeleko, intlungu, nokungacaci kobomi kwibutho elahlulekileyo. Isibongozo sika-Heaney esithi “ITollund Man” (1972) yabhala ukufana phakathi kweziqu zamandulo zodube-na namaxhoba ogonyamelo lwangoku, ngoxa kamva [[FLT:] [[FLD]] [[FLTL:] [FTFT] [4] [5] [7] [7] [7]

Ezi misebenzi zazingaciki-zizinto. Babezamana neenyaniso zemihla ngemihla zokuqhushumbisa, ukudubula, kunye neziphumo eziyingozi zokukrokrela abantu abahlala behlala behleli. Kodwa ke, umongo wawungowogonyamelo oluqhubekayo, kwaye ubugcisa babudla ngokuhamba ngentambo eqinileyo phakathi kwecatharsis kunye neqela labahlaseli.

Ubugcisa Bokubonakala Nemeko Ebungqongileyo

Kubugcisa bokubona, iiMbumbulu zavelisa umfanekiso-bhanyabhanya ocacileyo. IiMurals eBelfast nase Derry − ngokufuthi zipeyintwe ngamaqela omkhosi okanye abaxhasi boluntu (imifanekiso exhobileyo, iziqu, kunye nemiqondiso yengingqi. Ngelixesha ezi zisebenza njengeengxelo zezobupolitika, zazikwasikelele imbonakalo yendalo kwiingxelo ze-adversarial. Ubugcisa bezezenziwe njengezo ziboniswe kwiUlster Museum okanye iOrmeau Bats Gallery, ezisoloko zithetha ngempikiswano ngobuchule okanye ukufota kwemifanekiso kawonke, kodwa intetho kawonke yahlala inyanzekile.

Ifilimu kunye nomabonwakude ukususela kweli xesha, njenge Kwigama likaBawo (1993) kunye Umdlalo obedla ngokulilayo [ (1992], utsale ingqalelo yezizwe ngezizwe kodwa wasoloko ufunqule i-Ireland ngelensi ye-ishopu okanye intlekele. Imo yokuzikisa yayingomnye westasis/artiss yakwazi ukuncuka okanye ilila, kodwa inqabile ukubhiyo okanye ukucinga enye into.

Isivumelwano Esihle SoLwesihlanu: Isithethe Siyachithwa

Isivumelwano sonyaka ka-1998 saguqula ngokusisiseko le ntshukumo inamandla. Ngokuseka inkqubo yokuqhubana kwamandla nokuxhasa imigaqo yokulingana nokuhlonelana, sadala imekobume yezobupolitika apho abazobi baziva benikwe amandla okuhamba ngaphaya kokuma kokuzikhusela. Inkqubo yoxolo ayizange isuse okudlulileyo, kodwa yavumela uhlobo olutsha lwencoko olunokuvuma ukubandezeleka xa bezama uxolelwaniso.

Olu tshintsho aluzange lukhawulezi. Kwiminyaka emva kwesivumelwano kwaqhubeka iingxubakaxaka zamahlelo, ugonyamelo lomkhosi ngamathuba athile, kunye namaqabane angoopolitiko. Kodwa icandelo lenkcubeko lakhawuleza lawathatha amathuba anikwa luxolo. Oorhulumente, amabhunga obugcisa, kunye namaziko emali ehlabathi lonke aqalisa ukubeka phambili imisebenzi yokudibanisa iimbumba, iingcebiso zelifa, kunye neenkqubo ezazisebenzisa ubugcisa njengesixhobo sokuphilisa.

Imixholo Emitsha: Umanyano, Ukuphilisa Nokubonakalisa Okubini

Amagcisa aqalisa ukwenza imisebenzi eyamkela ngokucacileyo ulwimi loxolo. Ii-Mural ezazikhe zabonisa abadubuli abagqume izigqumo zapeyintwa kwakhona ngamahobe, abantwana, kunye nemiyalezo yethemba. EDerry, umfanekiso wemifanekiso wesixeko “Iyayaya Ngaphaya Kwesiqaqa-ngala-langa” umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMaurice Harron wamiswa ngo-192, kodwa unyuswano lwawo emva kophawu loxolelwano. EBelfast, i-“Thule Wall” mractures , kwathiwakhanyela imifanekiso yomanyano, njenge “Domerial" kaDannyney Dney.

Kwincwadi, ababhali basusa ukujolisa kwabo kungquzulwano olukhawulezileyo ukuya kubunzima bobomi basemva kokuphela komdla wobomi. Amarhafu afana no Glenn Patterson's i-International (1999]) kunye Leyo Yayiyiyo [ [204]] [2004])) beyivavanya inkqubo yolwakhiwo kunye noluntu. ULucy Called’s [[FLT:] Aphon's's [[FLT:] Aphos's's's's intluvo oluqhubekayo lwengcwangulo, ngelixa iNklk [FLD:] [FLD] [5] [5] ithetha ngqo ne-ejolation ye-ft.

Iimpendulo Ezicacileyo Kwinkqubo Yoxolo

Indawo ebhaliweyo yasemva kwesivumelwano ininzi kwaye yahluka-hlukene, iquka imibongo, ubuntsomi, iziganeko zeziganeko kunye nemidlalo. Ababhali bayaqhubeka bezamana nelifa lemfazwe, kodwa bakwenza oko bekwindawo ephezulu evumela ithemba, ukuqhatha, kwanobumnandi.

USeamus Heaney: Igophe Lokuxolelanisa

Seamus Heaney (1939-2013) iseyeyona ndawo idumileyo emhlabeni wonke imbongi yase-Ireland yasemva komthetho welizwe. Nangona wayefumene ukunconywa kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphambili kuka-1998, umsebenzi wakhe kamva wabonakalisa iinjongo zenkqubo yoxolo. Inkcazo yakhe ethi “iRiphabliki yeSihlalo” (1985) yayisele icinge indawo engaphaya kweecandelo lwezopolitiko, kodwa [[FL:] Ukukhanya [[FLT:]] [2001] kunye nesangqa [[FLT] [200] [200] [200] (200] yaqhubeka ihlola imixholo yenkumbulo, ukulahleka, kunye nokuvuseka. Heaney wanikwa i-Mklopowethulo kunyakathoba [kubonakala kwicala elibonakalayo] lokubonakala ngaphaya kwe-Ireland.[FLT]

Paul Muldon: Uyingcwangu Nonyamezelo

Paul Muldon (b. 1951), owasebenza njengomhleli wesibongozo we [[FLT: 0] iNew Yorker , wathatha indlela engaqhelekanga neqhelekileyo yokudlala kwipost-constrvet Ireland. Ingqokelela yakhe Moy Sand kunye neHardl (2002] wafumana iPult Prix yaza yaquka imibongo ediza incokola yobuqu ngoxolo oluthambileyo. Umsebenzi we-Muld's's usoloko ukhathalela izigqibo ezilula, ubonakalisa iintsiba-mslaye zebutho elihlala lisentluntlukwano.

Abaqulunqi Bexesha Elitsha: Abathathi-nxaxheba Bethemba Nenkumbulo

  • [[FLT: 0] Iqela lemidlalo elinobugocigoci – inoveli yakhe Incopho yentlanganiso (2011] ithetha ibali lesibini esitsha esibanjiweyo phakathi kwengingqi yaso engaguqukiyo kunye nomnqweno wobomi obutsha kwelinye ilizwe, ibamba uxinezeleko phakathi kwesithethe kunye notshintsho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Bernard MacLaverty – Isithuba se-midwinte (2017) ihlola isibini esinemijelo emide ukusuka kuMntla Ireland sijongene nexesha laso elidlulileyo eAmsterdam, sisebenzisa umgama ukubonakalisa kwiZiphene noxolo olulandelayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Moyra Donaldson – Imbongi ebhala rhoqo ngamava ongquzulwano nochacha, ingqokelela yayo Snakeskin Stittos (2015)] idilesi zoxolelwaniso lobuqu nolwezobupolitika.
  • David Park – incwadi yakhe yencwadi UKhomishinala weNyaniso [2008] luvavanyo olunamandla lwekhomishini yenyaniso yentsomi, ukukhangela indlela abantu kunye noluntu abanokujamelana ngayo nexesha elidlulileyo ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa yiyo.

Aba babhali babonisa ukuba uncwadi lwasemva kokungavumelani alubanjwanga kumoya omnye. Lungaba luthemba, lujonge phambili, kodwa umsebenzi owenzelwayo kukuqonda indlela ibutho labantu eliphuma ngayo kwintlungu ngaphandle kokulibala oko likunyamezeleyo.

Ubugcisa Obubonakalayo: Ukusuka Kwimibungu Ukuya Kwimigqaliselo

Ubugcisa bokubona baseMntla Ireland baguquka ngendlela emangalisayo emva kowe - 1998. Ubugcisa boluntu baba yindlela yokuphinda budibane, ngoxa imiboniso yemiboniso yemiboniso yabonisa ukuba abantu bafanele baxolelaniswe ngokuntsonkotha.

Indaleko Yemikhalazo Yezobupolitika

IMiral ibisoloko ingumsebenzi wendawo yedolophana yasemntla Ireland, kodwa oko bakuquletheyo kwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo emva kwesivumelwano esintle soLwesihlanu. Kwimimandla yase-Riphabliki yaseBelfast, imifanekiso yamatsha - ntliziyo axhobileyo yathatyathelw'utshintsho ngokuthe ngcembe yimifanekiso yenkqubo yoxolo(iidove, abantwana, kunye neinkokeli zeIRA zangaphambili zixhawulana nezobupolitika. Inkcubeko ethembekileyo nayo yaguquka, nangona ithe yathatyatheza, idityathel'imiqondiso ye-Unist Bummonest ecaleni kwemiyalezo yekratshi yengingqineyi kunengxaso.

EDerry, i Free Derry Corner , kanye uphawu lokuxhathisa kwesizwe, ngoku lukhona kunye “nendawo yokulalisa yabantu,” uthotho lwemiboniso ebhiyozela inkcubeko yesixeko kunye nendima yamabhinqa kumsebenzi woxolo. Igcisa Jakie McKinney livela njengenani eliphambili kule nguqulelo, ukuzoba ii-mfolom ezikhuthaza umanyano nengxoxo. Umsebenzi wakhe ku-“ Udonga loxolo" kwi Cuparrow eNtshona Belfast iqwalaselwe ngokuba luphawu lobugcisa beposi.

Ubugcisa bezentlalo kunye nobugcisa

IGlelies neemyuziyam zamkela imozulu entsha. IMyuziyam yeUlster yavulwa kwakhona ngo-2009 emva kokulungisa okungundoqo okuquka igalari kwiiMbungu, eyenzelwe ukuveza iimbono ezininzi kule mfazwe. IMAC (Metropolitan Arts Centre) eBelfast, eyavulwa ngo-2012, yaba likhubaza lobugcisa bezinto ezibonwayo, ubugcisa, ukwenziwa, kunye nokudityaniswa kwabemi.

Abazobi abanjenge IWilie Doherty kunye . I-RITA Duffy ifumene uluvo lwehlabathi jikelele lwemisebenzi yedilesi yenkumbulo, indawo, kunye nophawu. Ufakelo lwevidiyo lwe-Doherty lusoloko luhlola iindawo zeposi, ngexesha umsebenzi we Duffy, kuquka eyaziwayo [[FLT:] iSie kaDerry uthotho lwezihloko- lwembali zembali nengcelo.

Imifanekiso Nezikhumbuzo Zasekuhlaleni

Amatye emodeli amiswe emva konyaka ka-1998 adla ngokugxininisa ukubandakanywa ngokufa ngokufel ’ ukholo. "Ibheyacon yethemba” imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngu-Andy Scott, efakwe eBelfast ngo 2007, ime ingu 19 yeemitha ubude kwaye ineempawu zebhinqa eliphethe umsesane wokukhanya `a uphawu loxolo nomnqweno wethemba. EDerry, i-“ Umfanekiso owe-Apresed with [FLT] uhlala uhleli weyona miboniso yesixeko eshiciweyo, emele ithemba lokuba i-Pronote entle izakuzisa uluntu kunye.

ITheatre Nomsebenzi: Ukuxela Amabali Amatsha

ITheatre iye yaba yindawo echukumiseke ngokukhethekileyo yokulungisa impucuko yasemntla Ireland. Abadlalayo bahamba ngaphaya kweengxaki ukukhangela imicimbi yentlalo yabantu ekuguqukeni: ubunibo, ukufuduka, ubufana, kunye nocelomngeni lokudibana.

ULisa McGee Nesizukulwana Esitsha

[[FLT: 0] Lisa McGOU] (b. 1981) ngomnye wezona midlalo zemidlalo zantla ntshona Ireland eziphumeleleyo. Umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili, njengo Girss noDolls[ [200] [iiingcinezelo zeintlobano zesini zolutsha kunye noluntu], ngexesha i-DYYRYS [[FLT:]] iMithetho yeMithetho [[FLT:] [2010]]) ihlola ilifa lengxabano kwisizukulwana esitsha. McGeee uqhubeke ukudala utho lwenkqubo yoxokelelwano [[FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [5] [5] [2020]

Abanye Ababonisi Beqhosha

  • [[FLT: 0] Owen McCafferty – umdlalo Wakhe Mojo Mikybo [1998] kwaye kamva usebenza njenge [ Igumbi lokulinda [[FLT]] [[FLT] [2010] uhlolo lobuhlobo, ubudoda, kunye namabala emfazwe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Gregg – umdlalo wakhe SHIBOLEth (20) uhlolisisa iingcinezelo zokunyaniseka okwahlulweyo kwintombi yesikolo, usebenzisa isigemga solwimi ukuqwalasela ukubandakanywa kunye ne-exa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Abigail Mc – eyaziwa ngemisebenzi yeli gama equka i-actritut eqokelela amabali abantu abachaphazelekayo ziinkathazo, njenga Amabhinqa eMbindini. (2029).

ITheatre eNorthern Ireland namhlanje ayisohloniphi ukuqhuba imibandela enzima. Imveliso isoloko ithetha ngemixholo yokuqhekeka komkhosi, ukuchacha kwenyaniso, kunye nelifa lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ubugcisa bungasebenza njengendawo yokuthetha ngokungalungiswanga.

Ifilimu Nomabonwakude: Ukufikelela Ehlabathini Lonke

Kwakhona ifilimu yaseIreland yaphinda yaqalisa ukuboniswa emva kwesivumelwano esifanelekileyo soLwesihlanu. Uxolo olwabangela ukuba abenzi bemifanekiso eshukumayo bamazwe ngamazwe bathatyathwe, ngoxa isiphiwo sasekuhlaleni safumana amathuba amatsha okuthetha amabali ngendlela efana neyabantu abangaphakathi.

Iifilimu Ezingundoqo Nophawu

  • ICawa engqukuva [2002] – Ilathiswe nguPaul Greengrass, le drame yaphinda yahlola isiganeko esibalulekileyo seengxaki ngokujolise phambili kwiziphumo zezobupolitika kunye nokutyhalela phambili kokusesikweni.
  • Umoya Otshayelayo (202) – Isethi ehlola indima yomculo kwinkqubo yoxolo, ebalaselisa iikwaya zomculo onqamlezayo kunye neemvumi.
  • I Fall (203-2016) – idrama yolwaphulo-mthetho ecwangciswe eBelfast ephengulula iziphumo zengqondo zogonyamelo kwisixeko sasemva kwemvume.
  • Iintyatyambo ze-Derry (208-2022) – Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, olu ngcelele lusebenzisa intlukwano ekulungiseni amava okukhula ngexesha leengxaki, ekubeni luphawu lwenkcubeko yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nophawu lwenkcubeko yasemntla we-Ireland.
  • Izixhobo ezisuka kwiZiko le Hell [2020] – Isikhuseli sobugqwirha esisebenzisa intsomi yasemntla Ireland ukuchaza ibali lentsapho nelifa, ebonisa indlela izithethe zasekuhlaleni ezinokuphinda zibonakale ngayo ngexesha loxolo.

Ezi mveliso zingenelwa kwimeko-bume ezinzileyo ukwenzela ukuthatha umfanekiso, ukuxhaswa ngamaqumrhu afana ne-Ireland yasentla, kunye nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwehlabathi ngamabali ayinyaniso ase-Ireland. Impumelelo yamaDerry [ kuphela ibeke iDerry kwimaphu njengesazulu sokudala, nemizila yabakhenkethi enikezelwe kwiindawo zayo zokubonisa imifanekiso.

Indima Yezobugcisa Ekulondolozeni Uxolo

Ngapha koko, iGood Wesihlanu Agreement yalusebenzisa ubugcisa njengesithuthi sokwakha uxolo. IBhunga laseNorthern Ireland Arts lasungula iinkqubo ezinjenge “Uxolo neNkqubo Yokuhlaziywa” (1998-2006), ezixhaswe yiNgxowa-mali ye-International for Ireland kunye ne-European Union. Ezi zindululo zaxhasa imisebenzi yobugcisa bobuxhakamfuzi, izicangca, kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezihlanganisele ndawonye abazobi abazobi bemvelaphi yamaKatolika namaProtestanti.

Iintlangano zobugcisa boluntu ezifana iBelp ngokuphandle ne IVerbal Arts Centre [umbutho] udlale indima ezibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni incoko. [[FLT:] [FLD]] uDidi lweNtlalo yeNtlalo yeNtshona Afrika [[FLT:]] I-Profter Development Agement isebenzisa ubugcisa bomculo ukuphinda-phinda isithuba sikawonke ukwenzela imiyalezo eyakhayo. Ngexesha elingaphezulu kwe-30 leminyaka.

Umongo ubotshelelwe kuxolelwaniso. Iziqalelo ezifana ne Jukebox eBelfast ivumela amalungu kawonke-wonke ukuba aphulaphule imibongo ekwimigangatho yemixholo, kuquka uxolo. Iziganeko zonyaka zeBhali yeNcwadi uMthendeleko kunye [FLT] neFLT]DYDY DERY’S Prom Litary Litary [ iziganeko zenkqubo ezizisa ababhali kunye kuzo zonke izithethe.

Isiphelo: Ilifa Lethemba Nentsonkothileyo

Ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka emva kweGood Wear Agreement, ubugcisa noncwadi lwasemntla Ireland luyaqhubeka luguquka. Igandla lokuqala lobuchule obuphefumlelwe luxolo liye lajika laba ligosa elinzulu, elicacileyo lokuhlola ukuba ngubani, inkumbulo, kunye nomnqweno. Abazobi nababhali abaziva benyanzelekile ukumela uluntu lwabo njengamaxhoba okanye abalwi; banokuzama, bacel ’ umngeni, kunye nephupha.

Ilifa lesivumelwano alifani. Abanye abantu bahlala behlukene kakhulu, kwaye amaziko ezobupolitika eyawadalayo aye ajongana neemeko eziphindaphindiweyo. Kodwa ingqukuva yenkcubeko ibonise ukunyamezela okuphawulekayo. Ifomati yase Belfast ngoku yabelana isithuba nesixhobo sokusika imegeri; imibongo yeSeamus Heaney ihleli ecaleni kwelizwi elivelayo njenge Benson kunye [FLT] ÁINTY] O’S Even; kwaye iqonga le ntetho inika zombini idrama kwaye inika incoko kunye nenkcalo malunga nobunzima bokwenza uxolo.

Ekugqibeleni, iGood Wear Agreement yanika abazobi base-Ireland imvume yokucinga ngekamva elahlukileyo. Le mvume isetyenziselwa ukwenza ezinye zezona misebenzi zenkcubeko zinyanzelisayo kwilizwe elithetha isiNgesi, (imisebenzi esikhumbuza ukuba uxolelwaniso asiyondawo esisisiphelo kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokuyila.

[[UMTLL:0] ukwenzela ukufunda okuqhubekayo:[[UMTL_1]