Ukwazisa: Ucelomngeni Lokufudusa Iindawo Ezihamba Ngazo

Ukuhlaziywa kwesixeko kubuyisela isijikelezi- langa ngesantya esingazange sibonwe. Njengoko abantu abaninzi befudukela ezixekweni, indalo itshintsha ngekonkile, i-asphalt, kunye nezakhiwo. Olu tshintsho luneziphumo ezinzulu zokuhlahlela amanzi .Inkqubo zendalo ezinika ulawulo, isihluzi, kunye nokulawula amanzi ethu. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwenkqubela-phambili yedolophu kunye nempilo echaphazelekayo kunyanzelisa ukutshintsha kwemigaqo-siseko yokulawula amanzi. Ukuqonda indlela idolophu etshintsha ngayo amanzi nokutshintsha indlela okumele kulungelelanise ngayo kuyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni amanzi acocekileyo, ulawulo lwezikhukula, kunye nokulawula indalo kumazwe ahlala edolophu ngokukhawuleza.

Amanzi ashenxiswayo akami ndawonye; zinkqubo ezinamandla ezisabela kutshintsho lomhlaba, kwimozulu, kunye nomsebenzi woluntu. Ugcino-lwazi luzisa abacinezeli abatsha abanokuxinezeleka ngokungenamdla, imithwalo yongcoliso, kunye nokutshintshwa kwemilinganiselo yokukhupha amanzi (enokuthwalisa amandla endalo okufunxa, isihluzi, kunye nokudlulisa amanzi. Ngenxa yoko, abenzi benkqubo baphantsi koxinzelelo ukuze baphuhlise ubuchule obutsha bokulingana nokhuseleko lwemekobume. Eli nqaku lihlola iziphumo zokuzinzisa idolophu kwiinkqubo zolawulo oluchithweyo, ukuvavanyaza okuthembisayo, nokubalaselisa imfuneko yokudibana, ukufikelela ekukhuseleni ugcino lwamanzi.

Ukuqonda amanzi acuthiweyo: Iinkqubo zokulawula amanzi zendalo

Imvula egalelweyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yindawo ekhutshwa amanzi, yindawo yomhlaba apho zonke iimvula namanzi angaphezulu ziqokelelana khona zize zikhuphele amanzi kwindawo eqhelekileyo . "zibe yindawo yomlambo, idike, iqula okanye ulwandlekazi. Ithontsi ngalinye lemvula eliwela kuloo ndawo igalelweyo ekugqibeleni lihamba lisiya kuloo ndawo iphuma kuyo, lithwele nantoni na ekhoyo endleleni: umhlaba, izondlo, izinto ezingcolisa umzimba, kunye nezinto eziphila kuyo. Amanzi aguquka ahluka kakhulu ngokobukhulu, ukusuka kwimilambo yasekuhlaleni ukuya kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zomlambo ezifana noMlambo iMississippi Basin, ehamba kunye neekhilomitha eziyi1,2.

Izixhobo ezinamanzi zisebenza ngokubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemekobume: zilawula ukuqukuqela kwamanzi, ukuvuselela amanzi asemhlabeni, zinika indawo yokuhlala kwizidalwa zasemanzini kunye nomhlaba, kwaye zincedisa amanzi acocekileyo ngokuhamba ngomhlaba, amaxhama, kunye nezityalo. Impilo yendawo emanzi anyinyinyiswe ngqo ichaphazela ubunjani kunye nobuninzi bamanzi akhoyo okusela, ezolimo, ezorhwebo, kunye nokuzonwabisa. Xa amanzi akhutshiweyo ecocekileyo ehlala ecocekile, angasibekela isigcini kwizikhukula, izinto ezizihluzi, kwaye agcine isiseko esizinzileyo sihamba ngqo ngexesha lembalela. Noko ke, xa ukutshintsha kwedolophu kutshintsha umhlaba, ezi nkonzo ziyawohloka.

Indlela Ukubhukuqa Amadolophu Okuphazamisana Namanzi

Inkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwabantu ezidolophini ithatha indawo yemiphandle eqinileyo ekwimiphanda engangeminye, efana neendlela, iindawo zokupaka, amaphahla, kunye neendledlana zendlela. Oku kubangela intabalala yeziphumo zemvula, zomzimba, zemichiza, kunye nezobukho bebhayoloji ezingcolisa impilo ewohlokayo.

Imimandla ekhuthaza iingcinga ezigqithisileyo kunye

Isambatho esibonisa ukungahoywa siphawuleka kokugqunywa kwamahlathi. Kwindawo engokwemvelo ekhutshwa amanzi, i-evapotlansss wind antemple akhawunti yemvula engaphezu kwama-90%; umphezulu ukhutshwa ngokuqhelekileyo ungaphantsi kwe-10%. Njengoko ukwanda kokungagubungeleki, umqulu okhutshwayo unyuka ngokuphawulekayo. Kumanzi awenziwe ngama-50-75% agqunywe ngamahlathi, umphezulu wokukhutshwa komsinga ungadlula ngaphezu kwe 50% yemvula yaminyaka le. Oku kukhukuliba-ya kungena ngokukhawuleza kwimijelo yemijelo kunye nemijelo ekhukulileyo. Ukuqukuqela okunyukayo kunciphisa amanzi asemhlabeni, kukhokelela ekuqukuleni okusezantsi ngexesha elomileyo nakuthuthwa kwamanzi.

Ungcoliso Lokugawula Nokuncipha Kwamanzi

Imimandla yasezidolophini ivelisa izinto ezingcolisayo ezihlanjwa zibe ngamadike asemanzini ngexesha lemvula.

  • Isiseko esisuka kwiindawo zokwakha kunye neendonga zemisinga ezikhukulisekayo
  • [[UMTL: 0] Amalungu [ (i-nitrogen nephosphorus) ukusuka kwisichumiso, inkunkuma yezilwanyana, kunye neenkqubo ze-septic
  • [[UMTL: 0] Izinyithi ze-avy ezinjengelothe, izinc, kunye nobhedu olusuka kwibhuleki yemoto, amavili, kunye nezinto zokwakha
  • [[UMTL:0] Hydrocarbons (i-oyile, amafutha) esuka kwiindlela nakwindawo zokupaka iimoto
  • IPathogens ukusuka kuchitha-chitha oludibeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokungalungisi ezingaphumeleliyo
  • Izixhobo ezidibanisayo kuquka amayeza, iimveliso zonyango lobuqu, kunye nemicroplastics

Ezi zinto zingcolisa amanzi zingcolisa umgangatho wamanzi, zize zibangele umonakalo kumanzi asemanzini, yaye zinyusa iindleko zokusela izinto ezingokwasemzimbeni. IEstenmental Protection Agency (EPA) yaseUnited States ichaza ukuphuma kwemizi ehamba phambili ekungcoliseni amanzi emilanjeni, kumachibi nasezindaweni ezigcina amanzi.

Uphando lweHydrology kunye noqukuqelo lwemithala

Ukwenziwa kwedolophana kutshintsha ulawulo lwendalo lwemisinga. Ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi esiphepho kwandisa ubuninzi kunye nobukhulu beziganeko eziphezulu, ngeli xesha unciphiso kumanzi aphantsi aphantsi esiseko. Oku "urban syndrome" kubandakanya:

  • Incopho ephakamileyo ikhupha isantya xa kukho izichotho
  • Uhambo olusezantsi ngexesha elomileyo
  • Iphangalele, imijelo ehlaziyiweyo ehlala kwindawo engcolileyo
  • Ukulahleka kwezityalo ezikrazukileyo kunye nesakhiwo esisemlanjeni
  • Xa zincitshisiwe izidalwa eziphilayo, zixhasa ezo zichukumisekayo

Izinto eziphilayo eziphila emanzini eziye zavela phantsi komsinga wendalo ozinzileyo zizama ukumelana nokuhlala kwiindawo ezikhutshwa amanzi ezidolophini. Ukuncipha kwabemi beentlanzi, uluntu olunemiqaba oluninzi lutshintshela kwizidalwa ezinokungcoliswa, kwaye zonke izinto eziphilayo ziyancipha.

Ukwahlukahlukana Kwendawo Yokuhlala Nokulahlekelwa

Uphuhliso lwendawo ezihlala imimandla yasedolophini ngokuguqula amahlathi aqhubekekayo okanye izityalo ezinomphantsi wenqanawe zibe ziipasile ezikwanti. Iindlela kunye neemasti zingathintela ukufuduka kweentlanzi zize ziphazamise iipaseji zezilwanyana. Iingingqi ze-Riparian .Imicu evevekileyo esecaleni kwemijelo yemendo egcina iindonga, enika umthunzi, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezingcolisayo ngokuqhelekileyo zisuswe okanye zoniswe kwimimandla yasedolophini. Ngaphandle kwezi ziphethulelo, imisinga iba sengozini yongcoliseko olushushu ukusuka kubushushu belanga nakwigalelo elithenelanga elisetyenziswayo.

Impembelelo kubuGawulayo obuchithiweyo

Ukuwohloka kwemekobume ebangelwa kukuhlaziywa kwabantu ezidolophini kunyanzele abenzi benkqubo ukuba baguqule ulawulo lwamanzi aqhelekileyo ukuba lufikelele. Ngokwembali, ulawulo olupholileyo olujoliswe ekulawuleni umkhukula nakumthombo wamanzi, ngokufuthi ngezisombululo ezifana namadama, iileves, kunye nemijelo yekonkrithi. Kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwale "isiseko sesiseko sendalo" ngoku kucacile: ingathoba ukuphuphuma kwamanzi, ukuthomala, ukuhla komgangatho wamanzi, kwaye itshabalalise iindawo ezihlala emanzini. Ekuphenduleni, imigaqo yemithetho iguqukela kwizinto ezininzi, idityaniswe, kunye namacebo okuzilungisa.

Ukusuka kumyalelo kunye nolawulo ukuya kulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo

Ulwakhiwo longeza ungxamiseko kwi-IWRM umthamo wamanzi afumileyo, ulawulo lwezamandla adityanisiweyo (IWRM) yinkqubo ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa nokulawulwa kwamanzi, umhlaba, kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nawo ukwandisa intlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho nentlalo ngaphandle kokulalanisa kwimekobume yendalo. Ulwakhiwo longeza ungxamiseko kwi-IWRM kuba idibanisa ubuninzi bamanzi, ubunjani, nomgangatho welizwe kunye. Ngoku iPricies igxininisa [[FLT:] ngoku inkqubela-ult] ucwangciso olunyibilisiweyo [[FLT], umgangatho wamanzi, nokuzonwabisa.

Indaleko yokwalulwa: INPDES, iiTMDL, kunye neMithetho Yamanzi Esichotho

EUnited States, uMthetho we-CWA) ococekileyo (uMthetho we-CWA) unika umgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko wolawulo oluphethulweyo.

  • Inkqubo yeNational Pollutient Delsation Develoption Effect (NPDES): Ifuna imvume yokukhupha incam yomthombo, kuquka iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuchitha amanzi amda wesichotho (MS4s). OoMasipala kufuneka bavelise iinkqubo zokulawula amanzi oqhwithela ukulawula ukuphuma komgangatho nobuninzi.
  • [[NTL:0] Ubuninzi beMithwalo yemihla ngemihla (TMDL): [ Olu ngcoliso lucwangcisa imida yezinto ezithile ezingcolisayo kumanzi abuthathaka. Iingingqi zasemadolobheni zisoloko zijongene neemfuno ze-TMDL zokuzinza, izondlo, kunye neentsholongwane, ezinyanzela uluntu ukuba luphucule ngokuqhubekayo ngolona qheliselo lokulawula lulungileyo.
  • [[NTL:0] IPase II isaqhwithi samanzi siyalawula: Intethe eyandisiweyo ye-NPDEs kwi-MS4 encinci kunye neendawo zokwakha, ifuna ukukhukuliseka nokucwangciswa kolawulo kunye nonyango lokukhupha ulawulo lwasemva kolawulo.

Le mithetho inyanzelisa oomasipala ukuba basebenzise imigangatho ephantsi (i-LID) yenkcitho eluhlaza, kunye nentlawulo yamanzi akhutshwayo ukuze kuxhaswe inkqubela-phambili. Kodwa ukuthobela ingakumbi kwizixeko ezindala ezinemigqomo emda yendle nesithuba esisikelwe phantsi sokulungisa ipropati.

Ulawulo Olulungelelaniswayo Nemozulu

Utshintsho loxinzelelo lwemozulu lwezibonelelo zedolophu ngokunyusa imvula ethwalwa yimvula, ukwandisa imbalela, kunye nonyuko lwamaqondo olwandle. Iinkqubo zolawulo olupholileyo zibandakanya iinkqubo zokulawula ezivumela ukufunda nokulungisa. Umzekelo, izixeko ezininzi ngoku ziyila ingqalelo yamanzi esineemeko ezongezelelweyo ezinokuhlalisa unyuko lwemvula enkulu. IPricies ikwakhuthaza izicombululo ezisekelwe kwimiqathango [[[FLT: 1]] ezinjengoko kubuyiselwa kwethafaza, ukhuthulo olunethweleyo olune-metrifision, kunye nolwando lomthi wedolophu, ezinika inzuzo eguqukayo njengemeko.

Iimpendulo zoMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neMidlalo ePhakamileyo

Kulo lonke ihlabathi, izixeko nemimandla zikho iinkqubo ezitsha zokunciphisa impembelelo ekhoyo kwii-oyile ezisedolophini. Ezi ndlela zidibanisa izixhobo zolawulo, izikhuthazo zezoqoqosho, kunye nokudityaniswa kwebutho labantu.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza kunye nophuhliso olusezantsi

Izixhobo eziluhlaza (GI) zibhekisela kuthungelwano lwendalo nendalo elawula amanzi esikhukula asuka kuwo. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-GI ziquka imiyezo yemvula, uphahla oluluhlaza, imiboniso ehambayo, i-bioswales, kunye neendawo ezidangatyekileyo. Endaweni yokudlulisela umphunga ngemibhobho kwizixhobo zonyango ezisembindini, i-GI ikhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwemibhobho, ukukhutshwa kwemibhobho, ukususwa kwe-ibhabhabhaspira, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

  • Ukuhla kwemirhumo yabanini bezinto abafaka iGI
  • Utshintsho lwekhowudi esetyenziswayo olunciphisa iimfuno zokumisa okanye oluvumela iindlela ezimxinwayo
  • Iimfuno zophuhliso olutsha nokuphuhliswa koMsebenzi weNkqubo
  • Umanyano lukawonke-wonke lweretrofikhi enkulu (umz., isiXeko esiluhlaza saseFiladelphia, udweliso lwenkqubo olucocekileyo lwamanzi)

I Philadelphia iminyaka engama-25, ii-R2,4 zezigidi zezigidi zeerandi zilelona phulo liphambili lezakhiwo eziluhlaza eUnited States. Ngokuguqula indawo engangenwanga zibala eliluhlaza, isixeko sinenjongo yokufumana umthamo wamachiza amdaka angamashumi amahlanu edibeneyo, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko kwiiDelaware kunye neSchuylkill Rivers.

Umgangatho wamanzi wokuthomalalisa nokuhlaziya Imveliso

Izixhobo zezoqoqosho ezifana norhwebo lwamanzi zivumela imithombo yasezidolophini yongcoliso (umz., imvume yamanzi oqhwithela) ukuba ithenge iityala kwimisebenzi yokulima okanye yokulondoloza indalo enciphisa izondlo ngexabiso eliphantsi. IChessake Bay Program ivelise inkqubo eqinileyo yokurhweba ukuze incede ukufikelela kwimfuno ze-TMDL ye-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus. I-Urban thermater es ingahlawula abalimi ukukhusela izilimo, imijelo yemida, okanye ukubuyisela amanzi, ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu olingana nexabiso elilinganayo.

Ngokufanayo, uMlambo i-Ohio uBunjani bamanzi i-Awading Initive ibandakanya izityalo zamandla, izinto eziluncedo ezilahlwayo, kunye nabavelisi bezolimo kwimarike yetyala ekwindawo eninzi ekwindawo yokuthenga ityala. Ezi nkqubo zifuna ujongo olungqongqo nolucacileyo kodwa zinika indlela ethambileyo yokunciphisa ungcoliso kwimijelo yamanzi esuswe edolo.

Ukukhusela Nokubuyiselwa Kwesithutyana SeRiparian

Umthetho omkhulu ngoku eVirginia ugunyazisa okanye uwenza ulondolozo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezigcini-mgcini-sango ezidilizayo ezikwimijelo nemilambo. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] iChesepake Bay UMthetho wokulondolozwa kweNtlanga-langa ye- eVirginia ifuna iindawo zokuchaza imimandla yoKhuselo lweZibonelo lweZintulo (RPAS) nezigcini eziziphene iinyawo ezilishumi. Ngokunjalo, uNorth Riparaan Movel Template Provicessss [[[[[FLLT:3]] imiqathango yeminye imigangatho engama-50 yamanzi. Ezi zihluzi zihluzi zihluzi, izihlangu, izibonelelo, ii-mathesss, kunye nezikhesa zasendleni zasezini zezilwanyana ezithe zibangela kakhulu kwimimilo yasedolo-ogral.

Uphando lwetyala kumgaqo-nkqubo opheliswe ngamanzi

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kubalaselisa indlela imigaqo enokuthi iphumelele ngayo, okanye ukulwa ngezantsi. Ukuthetha ngeempembelelo zokusetyenziswa kwedolophu.

Ukuvuselelwa KoMlambo iLos Angeles

Xa uthe waba ngumjelo wokulawula umkhukula wekonkrithi, uMlambo iLos Angeles ngoku ujolise phambili kumzamo wokubuyisela izigidi zezigidi zeerandi. Umkhosi we-U.S. uQhulumente we-Ingineers, kunye namasebe asekuhlaleni, uqalile ukususa ikonkile, ukubuyisela iindonga zendalo, kwaye ukwenza iipokotho zenkqubo. Utshintsho lomgaqo luquka icebo eliphambili lomlambo onikezelweyo, ukubeka i-donga elisikwe ngaphaya komlambo, kunye nemisebenzi ekhukula amanzi akhutshwayo ehlisa umgqomo neentsholongwane. Ngoxa ubunzima bushiyekallllhwuthi olunobubububugrobhombu kunye nokhukula, iproject ibonakalisa ukuba kwaneegronawe eninzi eshushu ingabuyiselwa ngokugcinwa kwezopoliti kunye nemali.

Inkqubo ekhutheleyo, entle, ecocekileyo yamanzi eSingapore

I-Singapore, isixeko esinabantu abaninzi esiseziqithini, saguqula inkqubo yaso yokulawula amanzi esiphepho ngohlobo olusebenzayo, oluhle, olucocekileyo, lwenkqubo yokucoca amanzi (ABC Amanzi). Endaweni yokukhupha amanzi acocekileyo, inkqubo iguqula imijelo yezonwabo kunye namaqula abe yindawo yokuzihlaziya eneendonga zendalo, amaxhama, kunye namanzi. I-Pricies ifuna inkqubela entsha yokudibanisa ugcino lwamanzi olunesaqhwithi, kunye nonyango, ngelixa iphulo loluntu lukhuthaza abemi ukuba bamkele ulondolo lwamanzi kunye nemikhwa yokuthintela ungcoliso. Isiphumo sendlela ye-holi ebangela ukuba amanzi abonakale kwaye axabiseke, inciphisa ungcoliso kunye nohlobo lobomi.

Comment

IPortland’s Grey's Grey to Green nkqubo yendalo, eyaqaliswa ngo-2008, idibanisa izibonelelo eziluhlaza kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamanzi. Esi sixeko sabiza ii-irandi ezingamawaka amahlanu anesihlanu ee-R35 ezigidi ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ukufaka izitrato eziluhlaza, i-ecoroofs, kunye nokutyala imithi, ngexesha lokufumana nokubuyisela iindawo zendalo kuMlambo weWillamette kunye neziququ zawo ezincinci. Izixhobo zokufundisa ziquka incwadi elawula amanzi esiphekephekepheke kunye nemigangatho ye-LID, ikhowudi efuna uphahla oluluhlaza oluphezulu kwizakhiwo ezintsha ezinobukhulu obuthile, kunye nesakhiwo semali esihlawula umqamelo esifunxantathu. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ukusondela kwePortlandland kuncipheke umthamo wesiphethuthi ukuya ku 80% kwimimandla ephuculweyo kwi-srofiki.

Iingxaki Nezithintelo Ekuphunyezweni Komgaqo - siseko

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela, imiqobo ebalulekileyo iphazamisa ukwamkelwa ngokunempumelelo kwemigaqo yolawulo olunempumelelo kwimimandla yasezidolophini.

  • Imali kunye neNgxowa-mali: Ukufumana izibonelelo zesixeko ezikhoyo ezineempawu eziluhlaza kubiza ixabiso elikhulu. Izixeko ezininzi zizama ukukhusela imali enikezelweyo, ethatha ixesha elide. Izingenisi zesithonga zamanzi zingumgangatho okhulayo, kodwa umyinge wandisa ukuchaswa kwezobupolitika.
  • Ukwahlulwa ngokweempazamo: Imida eshenxiweyo inqabile ukuhambelana nemigca yolawulo. Amasebe amaninzi “‘ municipal, iphondo, iphondo, urhulumente, urhulumente/imbopheleleko ezicalucalucayo zokusebenzisa umhlaba, ubunjani bamanzi, kunye nokhukuliseko. Ukulawulwa kolwandle kunzima.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uyilo oluPhakathi noluLuntu oluLungiselelweyo: [ ukhuseleko olugawulweyo lusenokungabi yinto ephambili kumagosa anyuliweyo, ingakumbi xa ekhuphisana nezindlu, inkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho, okanye iimfuno zezithuthi. Ukuqonda uluntu ngendlela izenzo ngazinye ezichaphazela ngayo impilo echaphazelekayo kusoloko kusezantsi.
  • Imilinganiselo yoyilo olusekelwe kugcino-lwazi lwemvula olungokwembali lunganganelanga kwiimeko zexesha elizayo. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka baxhathise ukungaqiniseki xa befaka utyalo kwisiseko esizinzileyo.
  • Inkxalabo ezithe ngqo: ngokwembali, uluntu olufumanayo olusezantsi kunye noluntu olunombala luthwele umthwalo ongalinganiyo wongcoliso lwedolophu kunye nokhukuliso. Ipolitiki ejolise kwizinto eziluhlaza zingaqhuba ukunyuswa nokushenxiswa ngaphandle kokuba azidityaniswa nokhuseleko olufikelelekayo lwezindlu.

Icala lexesha elizayo lomgaqo-nkqubo opheliswe ngamanzi kwimimandla ehamba ngeenqanawa

Xa ujonga phambili, iziphumo eziliqela zisenokuyibumba isizukulwana esilandelayo semigaqo yolawulo ehlawulwayo.

Izixhobo zamanani kunye nolawulo lwamanzi olululo

Inkqubela-phambili kwimivo, ugcino-lwazi, kunye nokufuzisela kwenza ukuba ujongo lokwenene lwexesha lwemeko ezimanzi ashenxiswayo. Iinkqubo zamanzi ezikrelekrele zingalungisa amazinga okuhamba okusuka kumadama agcinwe kwakhona ngokusekelwe kwingqikelelo yemozulu, ukunciphisa umngcipheko womkhukula ngexesha elifanelekileyo lonyango lwamanzi. Amawele amanani-nee-awudigitayo/ingcibi zomyili wokulungisa ukulingisa imiboniso kunye nongenelelo lwenkqubo yovavanyo phambi kokufaka ikomkhulu. I-polices ezixhasa ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo zokuhlola ziya kunyusa ubuchule bokulungisa.

Izicombululo Ezisekelwe Kwindalo Nendalo

Ingcamango "yezixeko ze-sponge" eTshayina ne "emanzi achukumisekayo edolophini" e-Ostreliya imela utshintsho lokusebenza ngeenkqubo zendalo kunokuba zichasene nazo. Ezi ndlela zidityaniswe zidityaniswa namanzi oqhwithela, ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, kunye neendawo ezihlala ezihlala idolophana kumlinganiselo wobume bengingqi. Iinkqubo zenkqubo ezigunyazisa ukuphuma kwemeko eluhlaza okanye ii-zenethi ze-zero-ethe-e-easethi kwinkqubela ezintsha zifumana ingeniso. Umzekelo, SATHGRETH Green Factory ifuna iswonga elincinci elisekelwe kwiziqalelo zelizwe ezifana nophahla oluluhlaza, imiyezo nemithi, ukuqhuba imibhobho, ukuqhuba imibho, ukudibanisa iiprojekethi, ukudibanisa iprojekethi.

Ukujongwa koLuntu nokuHlolwa

Ukunika amandla abemi basekuhlaleni ukuba bajonge umgangatho wamanzi, baxelise iingxaki, bathabathe inxaxheba ekucebiseni amanzi kungakha ukuthembana kunye nokuphucula iziphumo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne- Inzululwazi yeCisizen yeChesapeake Bay [ uloliwe osebenza ngokuzibonelela ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi olucacileyo lwamanzi, olunyibilikileyo, olunyibilikileyo, kunye nolunemiqambo ye-macrointeratetete. Inkqubo edibanisa ngokusesikweni ugcino-lwazi lwengingqi kunezigqibo zolawulo inganceda ukuzalisa imiqobo ekuhlolweni kwezibonelelo zolawulo ngexesha lokukhuthaza ubuphathi. Imigaqo-ngqineekuxhasa iprojectivesssss kwimisebenzi ekwimeko-bume phantsi kwemimandla esebenzayo.

Isiphelo: Ukuya Kwindawo Ebuyiselweyo Edolophini

Ukwenziwa kwenqanawa i-hydrology/deman imodys ezinzileyo kumsebenzi wobugrobham oqhubekeki ngokunjalo kangangamashumi eminyaka ezayo. Iziphumo ezikhutshwayo ````````''''''''''''', ungcoliseko, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukutshintsha kwenqanawa enamaphiko',' kwaye idibanise imoyensi yendaleko kwimigaqo yolawulo eshenxiweyo. Ukusondela okuqinileyo, okunesiseko soncedo kuphela akwanele. Imigaqo esebenzayo yileenguququzelela ukudibanisa usetyenziso lwamanzi, ukudibanisa isiseko somhlaba nohlazazulu, ukudityaniswa kwemithetho kunye nezixhobo zorhwebo, kunye nonxulumano olusebenzayo.

Imizekelo yenkqubo ephumelelayo esuka ePhiladelphia ukuya ePortland ibonisa ukuba inkqubela elungileyo inokwenzeka, kwanakwimekobume eyakhelwe ngokuxineneyo. Kodwa iingxaki ezizingisileyo ```intelekelelo, ukudilika, ukungaqiniseki, kunye nokungaqiniseki'." kufuneka kujongwe ngozibopho oluqinileyo lwezopolitiko kunye neenkqubo zemali ezisetyenziswayo. Ikamva lamanzi acocekileyo linokusikhokela: amanzi acocekileyo anokunciphisa iindleko zonyango lwamanzi, anciphise umonakalo, kwaye anike izithuba zikawonke wonke ezinomtsalane. Ngokucwangcisa inkqubo yendalo, singakha amadolobha angomelelanga nje kuphela kodwa anokukwazi ukumelana nangaphezulu. Ikamva lamanzi arhoxinzekileyo lixhomekeke kwimigaqo yokokuba ajoliswe njengenkunkuma yokulahlwa, kodwa njengemali exabisekileyo yokulawulwa.