Isenzo sokufaka ibhola singaphezulu nje komsebenzi wesizwe `isiseko esikwidemokhrasi apho ulawulo lwedemokhrasi luhlala khona. Kulawulo-melo olumandundu, unyulo luguqulela ukuthanda kwabantu kumelo, inkqubo, kunye nokuphendula. Kodwa amandla alo guqulelo axhomekeke ngokungqongqo kwi-metric enye: umvoti. Xa ujiko luphezulu, oorhulumente babonakalisa ububanzi becandelo loluntu; xa lutshona, amazwi omntu owenziwe walula akhula ngokuzola, nokulingana kweziphumo ezifanelekileyo angacima.

Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo olunzulu lwempembelelo yomvoti kwidemokhrasi, ukuhlolisisa isizathu sokuba abantu bathathe inxaxheba kwimicimbi, into ebangela ukuba abantu bathathe inxaxheba kwimiba yokuvota (okanye ibagcine kude), iziphumo zehlabathi zokwenene zokuganana okuphantsi, kunye namaqhinga aqinisekisiweyo okwakha unyulo oluninzi oluqulu-gqaba-gqaba. Ngokuqonda amandla ovoti, siqinisekisa kwakhona inyaniso engundoqo yedemokhrasi: ivoti nganye ibaluleke ngokwenene.

Yintoni Enokwenziwa Kubomi Obude Yaye Kutheni Kubalulekile?

IVoter reverout ichazwa njengepesenti yabavoti abafanelekileyo abafaka ibhola kunyulo olunikiweyo. Yiyona proxy efikelelekayo yokubophelela koluntu kwidemokhrasi yabameli. Imiqondiso ephezulu yokujika ibonise ukuba abemi bayayithemba inkqubo kwaye bayabona ixabiso lokuthabatha inxaxheba; ukujika okusezantsi kungabonisa ukudityaniswa, imiqobo yesakhiwo, okanye ukuqonda ukuba iziphumo zimiselwe kwangaphambili. Ngaphandle komlinganiselo, jika izinto kuba ziphembelela ngqo abalawuli nezilangazelelo ezimiselwe.

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo asabela kakhulu kumaqela avotayo ngexabiso eliphezulu. Xa ethabatha inxaxheba ama-skews/toods, aqolileyo, kwaye afundileyo kakhulu abemi . "ophandle" ukusetyenziswa kwemali kungakhukuliseka kude kwiimfuno zabancinane, abangenayo, nabangenayo, nabemi abambalwa. Ngokufutshane, ukwenziwa konyulo lwendlela yokuyila inkqubo.

Impilo Yolawulo - melo: Isizathu Sokuba Kubekho Iziganeko Ezimandundu

Umelo noMthetho

Urhulumente onyulwe luninzi lwabavoti abafanelekileyo bonke ufumana umthetho othe kratya kunalowo unyulwe ngumntu omncinane, ongamelwanga. Xa unyulo luphezulu, iziphumo zonyulo zinzima ukuvavanywa njengengekho mthethweni, kwaye igunya lokulawula licacile. Ngokuchasene noko, ukurhoxa okusezantsi kungaphembelela izityholo zokuba umnqolobi akamelani ngokwenene nabantu, ukugxeka nokungalungelelani kwezobupolitika.

Ukuphendula nokuziphendulela

Uvoti ophezulu uvulela uvutho olunamandla ukhuthazo olunamandla kumagosa anyuliweyo ukuba enze kumsebenzi womdla kawonke-wonke. Xa amanani amakhulu abemi bevoti, abezobupolitika bayazi ukuba kufuneka babhenele ngokubanzi ukuze bagcine isikhundla. Olu xinzelelo lunganciphisa ukuziphatha okugqithisileyo kwaye lukhuthaze ukulalanisa. Ufundo olupapashwa [[FLT: 0] Brennan Center for Justice lufumanise ukuba uthe mazwe athe ncam atyekele ekudluliseni imigaqo ebonakalisa ulungiso lwabemi bawo bonke.

Ukunciphisa ulwenziwo lwelanga

Abanyuli abahamba phantsi kwenqanawa badla ngokuba bagqithisele ngokweengcamango kuba abavoti ababonakala bengoyena mkhuseli-calucalulo nabanamandla. Ukwandisa abanyuli ngokuzisa iziphumo zonyulo ngamathuba athile, abavoti bengqondo abambalwa banganciphisa iziphumo zonyulo kwaye banciphise ukwanda kwemimandla esukkileyo. Amazwe anokusoloko enyuka njenge-Sweden okanye iDenmark. Ngokufuthi abonisa ukuba akukho ntshukumo ininzi kwezobupolitika nokulawula okuvumelanayo.

Utyekelo Lwembali: Imbono Yehlabathi NeyaseMerika

Ilizwe LaseUnited States

Unyulo lonyulo lomongameli wase-U.S. lukhokele ngokwembali lusemva kwezinye idemokhrasi eziphucukileyo. Kunyulo lwama-202020, malunga nama-66% ee-coloots ezifanelekileyo eziphosayo , kwaye umlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu ongaphezu kwenkulungwane.

Ngokuthelekisa, i-Ostreliya inyanzelisa ukuvota ngokunyanzelisayo kwaye ibona rhoqo uvotelo olungaphezulu kwama-90%. iBelgium neSweden zikwabona unyuko olusoloko lungaphaya kwama-85%. I-United States ibalasele phakathi kolawulo-lawulo-siseko olunobutyebi ngenxa yokuthabatha kwayo inxaxheba ephantsi nokungangqinelani, iqhutywa ngumthwalo wokubhaliswa kovoti, imiqathango elinganiselweyo yokuvota kwangethuba lokuqala, kunye nemini yeveki ye-Evotion Days.

Imilinganiselo Yehlabathi

Kumhlaba wonke, umvoti uguqukisi ebeye wancipha kancinci ukususela ngoo1990, ngokwenkcazelo evela ku- International International Institute for Democracy kunye ne-Electoral Convition (IDEA). Oku kutyekele ekubangeleni inkxalabo phakathi kolawulo-melo lwedemokhrasi. Kodwa amanye amazwe aye aphembelela umlinganiselo ngokutshintsha iinkqubo zawo zokuvota. UMzantsi Korea, umzekelo, unyusiwe phakathi kwabaselula ngobhaliso oluzinzileyo kunye nolwazi lokuvota oluhamba-hamba-hamba-hamba-hamba, ukufikelela ngaphezu kwe77% kunyulo lonyulo lwakutshanje. Isifundo sicacile: ukujika akupheli sisiphelo sombutho nezithethe.

Izithintelo Zokwabelana: Into Ethintela Abantu Kungcoliso

Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba abantu bangavoti kubalulekile ekucebiseni izisombululo eziphumelelayo. Imiqobo iwela kwiindidi ezintathu ezibanzi: isakhiwo, intlalo, intlalo-ntle, kunye nengqondo.

Izithintelo Zokwakha

EUnited States, eyona mqobo ibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo yinkqubo yokubhalisa. Ngokungafaniyo namazwe amaninzi abhalisa abemi, i-U.S. ibeka i-astiki kubantu ngabanye, ngokufuthi inexesha elimisiweyo eliphakathi kweeveki phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Eminye imiqobo yesakhiwo iquka iindawo zokuvota (ezikwemide), imithetho ye-ID engqongqo, ukurhoxa kwe-ID, ukurhoxa kwexesha lokuvota, nokunqongophala kwexesha lokuvota.

Imfuno zovotelo lweposi kunye neefestile zokuqala zovota zahluka kakhulu ngokombuso, kudala umsebenzi ongadibaniyo apho abanye abavoti benonikezelo olulula kunye nabanye bejongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, Iziko lophando lwe-Pew [ libhale ingxelo yokuba abavoti abakumazwe abanengxelo esezantsi ngamava okuvota kwaye basenokungajiki.

Imeko yentlalo nezoqoqosho kunye nokungaphicothi

Ingeniso nemfundo ihlala inamandla okuxela ukubuya. Abahlali abafumana amaqondo ekholeji nangaphezulu kwengeniso yekhaya kumaqondo angama-20-30 eepesenti kuneendawo ezingaphezulu kunalawo angenayo idiploma yesikolo esiphakeme okanye abahlala ngaphantsi komgca wobuhlwempu. [[FLT:]] badlala indima: ukujika phakathi komBlam-bhaka kunye ne-Aspanics ekwiqondo eliphindwe kabini le-30, nangona umsantsalo uthe unciphile kunyulo lwakutshanje. [[FLT:] [[FLT]]]

Izithintelo Zengqondo Neziphembelelo

Kwanaxa imiqobo yesakhiwo kunye nezoqoqosho ishenxiswa, abavoti abaninzi abafanelekileyo bahlala ekhaya ngenxa yokuba bevakalelwa kukuba ukuvota kwabo akunto yanto, ababathandi bonke abatshatisi, okanye badimazekile yinkqubo yezobupolitika abayijonga njengeyaphukileyo. Le i-apathy kunye nokungathembi inokuba kukuzibuyisela ngokwayo: ukurhoxa okusezantsi kukhokelela kurhulumente ongummeli omncinci, obangela ukungathemba, oya kubangela ukucinezela okungakumbi. Ukuqhawula loo mjikelezo kufuna zombini utshintsho kunye nenkcubeko.

Imiphumo Yokuhamba Ngesantya Esiphantsi

Xa abantu abaninzi bengenanxaxheba, imiphumo ityhutyha kuzo zonke iinkalo zolawulo.

Ii-bias eziDibanisayo kumelo

Abavoti abaphantsi abanyulwayo abakwindawo ephantsi abanyulwayo kwimiba emikhulu, etyebileyo, kunye nabamhlophe. Abenzi bomthetho ngoko banezikhuthazo zokugxininisa kwizinto eziza kuqala kula maqela . njengokukhusela uKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye nokusika irhafu kwingeniso yamatyala elimanyumnyezi, izibonelelo, kunye neenkqubo ezinceda ngokuyintloko ingeniso encinane okanye ephantsi. Isiphumo sisiphumo esifihlakeleyo kodwa esinamandla sikhukuliswe kude nenkoliso yokhetho oluninzi.

Ukuphethuka kweDemocratic Normes

Ukubhadula okusezantsi kunganekonakalisa ulawulo lwedemokhrasi olucingelwayo. Xa abaphumeleleyo benyulwa liqhezu elincinane elifanelekileyo labemi, ngokunjalo kwenzeke kwimilo yeNdlu yeNtlanga-mabini yaseMbindini weUnited States apho ulawulo lwalungaphantsi kwama-40% . Lo mqathango wokulawula ubuthathaka. Le ndawo ingagcwaliswa ngamazwi agabadelayo, kwaye ukuthembana kwabantu kuhla ngokubhekele phaya.

Ukungalingani Okukhulu Komgaqo-nkqubo

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika uMartin Gilens noBenjamin Page zafumanisa ukuba izinto ezikhethwa ngummi oqhelekileyo azinampembelelo ingako kwiziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo eUnited States, ngoxa izikhulu zezoqoqosho namaqela alungelelanisiweyo anomdla wezemali elawula. Esinye isizathu sokungalingani siphantsi kwaye singumvoti ongenakulingani. Xa abantu bembalwa abavota, impembelelo yemali kunye nokuphembelela ikhula ngokunxulumene nempembelelo yabaxhasi.

Ubuchule Bokwenza Unyuso Lojiko

Ngethamsanqa, amashumi eminyaka ophando nemizekelo yamazwe ngamazwe isalatha kutshintsho olucacileyo olunokubangela ukuba kubekho inxaxheba.

Ubhaliso lwe Voter oluzenzekelayo (AVR)

Amazwe abhalisa abemi abafanelekileyo xa besebenzisana namasebe karhulumente (umz., i-DMV) abona unyuko oluvelayo lweencopho ezi-5-10. I-AVR isusa eyona mqobo ibalulekileyo yolawulo kwaye igcina umqulu wokubhalisa uchanile. Njengo-2024, ngaphezu kwama-20 U.S. amaziko adibanisa i-Ofisi yaseColumbia amkele i-AVR, kwaye ubungqina bokuqala bubonisa ukuba inceda ngokukhethekileyo abaselula kunye nabavoti abahambayo.

Ukwenza Umsebenzi Uphumelele

Ukwandisa uvotelo lwasekuqaleni, ukunikezela nge-excuse--email- ngaphakathi, nokugcina iindawo zonyulo zivulekile iiyure ezinde zonke ukunyuka. Uphando olusuka kwiKhomishini yoNcedo lubonisa ukuba ngokuvota okunamandla kwangethuba ubona 3-5% i-'beaf' iphezulu. Colorado, ngoku ebamba lonke unyulo lwe-imeyili, ibone ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokunzulu, ingakumbi kunyulo lwaphakathi.

Imini Yokhetho Njengeholide Yesizwe

Amazwe angamashumi amahlanu anesibhozo enza uSuku loNnyulo iholide kawonke-wonke. I-United States ayiyi, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi, ingakumbi abasebenzi abasebenza iiyure ngeeyure, bayazama ukufumana ixesha lokuvota. Ngoxa ukwenza iholide yodwa kungayi kuphelisa yonke imiqobo, ithumela uphawu olunamandla lokuba ukuvota kuyinto ephambili yesizwe kwaye inceda abasebenzi abathathi-nxaxheba kwingeniso ephantsi.

Imfundo yemipu kunye nokukhotyokiswa

Uphuculo olude lwexesha elide lufuna ukwakhiwa kwendlela yokuvota. Iinkqubo ezifundisa abafundi basezikolweni zamabanga aphakamileyo ngokubhalisa kunye nokuvota zibonise ukuba ziyanda iipesenti zeepropati eziphakathi kwabatsha. Imigudu yokubhalisa (I-GOTV) ifuna ukuba kubekho ubuchule obuthile, iibhanki zomnxeba, kunye nezikhumbuzo zemibhalo . Uhlolisiso olupapashwe kwi- iPlotical Science Review[ ye-American ifumanise ukuba uqhagamshelwano olunye lobuqu lunganyuka ngokomlinganiselo we-10.

Utshintsho lwenkqubo ebanzi

Ezinye iinguqu kwindlela esinokuvota ngayo zinokukhuthaza ukuganana. Ukuvota okukhutshiweyo kunciphisa iziphumo ze- “spoiler” kwaye kunika abavoti ukhetho olunentsingiselo, olunokunyusa ukujika kwi-primriaris nakumaqela asekuhlaleni. Oregon, eyamkela i-RCV ukwenzela olunye unyulo lwasekuhlaleni, ibone ukubhaptiza okuphezulu kwecandelo lesithathu kunye nokuzimela okuzimeleyo, nangona ugcino-lwazi lwesizwe kwiziphumo zokujika kwe-RCV lusavela.

Indima ephindaphindiweyo yobugcisa nezosasazo lwentlalo

Izixhobo Zamanani Eziluncedo

Ubugcisa sele buyiguqule indlela abantu abafunda ngayo ngonyulo. Ubhaliso lwe-opera umvoti lukhona ngoku kumaphondo angama-41 kwaye luye lwenze lula inkqubo yezigidi. Ii-apps ze-Smartphone zinika indawo yokuvota, iibhola zokulinganisa, kunye namaxesha okulinda. Iimigangatho yezentlalo-ntle iqhuba amaphulo okukhumbuza kunye nezixhobo zokwabelana ngezixhobo eziboniswe kunyuko oluthe ngcembe, ingakumbi phakathi kwemibutho yabemitsha.

Iingozi Nemilinganiselo

Noko ke, ubugcisa asiyonto ibangela uphazamiso. Unxibelelwano lwentlalo lungasasaza inkcazelo egqwethekileyo malunga neenkqubo zokuvota . njengendawo yovolo lobuxoki evalwayo okanye ixesha lokubhalisa elilahlekisayo . Iziphumo zonyuso ezidibeneyo 2016 kunye no 2020 zasebenzisa unyuselo lonyuso lokucinezela amagxalaba amancinane ngokuphenduliswa kwenkcazelo egqwethiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ulwahlulo lwamanani luthetha ukuba ingeniso ephantsi kunye nabantu abadala bangangenelwa ngokulinganayo kwizixhobo ze-intanethi, ezinokujika izithuba ezithe . Abenzi bezobugcisa mabadibaniswe neenkqubo zokufunda iincwadi kunye noluvoti syst syst synthes ad sy

Amandla evote enye: Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene

Abagxeki badla ngokubuza, “Ngaba uvoti enye ibalulekile?” Imbali inikela iimpendulo ezingqongqo. Kunyulo lomongameli wase-U. 2000, uGeorge W. Bush waphumelela eFlorida/ kunye nomongameli (ngowama-537 kuphela) uvota. Uninzi lwemibutho yemithetho yesizwe lugqitywe zizihlalo ezingamashumi asibhozo zemithetho esemthethweni. Ibhodi yesikolo kunye nonyulo lwebhunga lwesixeko lugqibeka rhoqo ngeqaqobananambana. Enyanisweni, ivoti engenanto ekhoyo Fairvote ifunyaniswe ukuba izihlalo ezingaphezulu kwama-80 zephondo ze-Rogg kunyulo 2020 zagqitywa ziinkelelwa ngemida encinane kunenani lesithathu levoti.

Ngaphandle kwemilo-ntlalo, ukubhatala okusezantsi kwibala elithile okanye kwiqela labemi kungayiguqula yonke inkqubo yesixeko okanye urhulumente kangangamashumi eminyaka. Isigqibo sokungavoti ngokwaso yivoti-a yokuvota ukulungiselela imeko, ukwenzela izinto ezikhethwa ngabo bazibonayo.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Ulawulo - melo Olusebenza Kubo Bonke

Xa abemi beli candelo lolawulo-mpuma bethatha inxaxheba, oorhulumente baba ngabameli, baphenduleke ngakumbi, yaye bayakwazi ukusingatha iingxaki zexesha lethu. Xa behlala ekhaya, inkqubo ijinga kwabambalwa ngenkcitho yabaninzi.

Iindaba ezilungileyo zezokuba ukujika okusezantsi akunakunqandwa. Ngokususa imiqobo yesakhiwo ngokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokhetho olufanelekileyo lokuvota, ukutyala imfundo yentlalo, nokukhuthaza impucuko ebhiyozela ukuvota njengelungelo kunye nembopheleleko, singakha idemokhrasi engakumbi. Ikamva lolawulo-lwazi lwethu olupheleleyo lixhomekeke kuyo. Unyulo ngalunye, ilizwi ngalinye, ivovo-/matter yakho ngaphezulu kunokuba ungacinga.