Kudala uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle lunendima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni inkqubela-phambili yebutho lasekuhlaleni kunye nentsebenziswano yengca ejikeleza ihlabathi. Ngoxa injongo yalo ephambili ikukuphuhlisa okanye ukuhlangulwa kwentlekele, impembelelo yayo ekubopheleleni uluntu lwasekuhlaleni inzulu kwaye ixhaphakile. Emashumini eminyaka, abanikeli behlabathi lonke baye bathumela iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwiinkqubo zokuphucula ii-odola ezilungiselelwe ukuqinisa iintlangano ezingezoburhulumente (i-MSO), amaqela ebutho, amaqela ebutho lasekuhlaleni, kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa intlalo-ntle. Le nkxaso iye yanceda abemi ukulungiselela, ukunyanzeleka, nokuqhuba utshintsho kwemeko apho ulawulo okanye ulawulo lwezobupolitika lungasikelwenziswa. Noko ke, ulwalamano phakathi koncedo lwamanye amazwe noluntu aluna bunzima benza ubuchule bokukhuthaza iingxube lwemeko, abagxeki-o. Abagxeki-o baphikisa ukuba bathethe ukuba basebenzise iimngeni zezo zezo zemali.

Ukuchaza ibutho labemi kunye neNkqutyana yeeNkcukacha

Ibutho labemi liquka ummandla wobomi obulungelelanisiweyo boluntu obuzimileyo, obuzisebenzelayo, nobuzimeleyo kwilizwe nakushishino. Buquka uludwe olubanzi lwabadlali: i-NGOS, imibutho esekelwe kuluntu, amaqumrhu orhwebo, amaqela asekelwe kukholo, umanyano lobugcisa, kunye neenkqubo ezingacwangciswanga. Ibutho labemi lisebenza njengommeli ogxekayo phakathi kwabemi norhulumente, ukunikela imijelo yokuthabatha inxaxheba, ukuthatha inxaxheba, kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkonzo. Uluntu olunenzondelelo lusoloko luthathwa njengophawu lolawulo-demokhrasi olumanyeneyo, njengoko lunika izithuba zokuhlola ubuninzi, urhulumente, ukukhuthaza ukuquququzelela urhulumente, kunye nokukhuthaza uluntu.

Intshukumo encinci yebutho lasekuhlaleni, inyathelo elisetyenziswa ngabantu eliphuma emazantsi. Zithetha ngezikhalazo ezithile zasekuhlaleni . Njengeemeko zomhlaba, ukuwohloka kwemekobume, ukungalingani kwamabhinqa, okanye inkohlakalo yamapolisa.

Indima Engokwembali Yoncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Kuphuhliso Loluntu

Ulwalamano loncedo lwamanye amazwe nebutho labemi luye lwaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yomlomo, abanikeli baseNtshona badla ngokusebenzisa uncedo ukukhuthaza imigangatho yedemokhrasi nokuphikisana nempembelelo yaseSoviet, ukuthumela izimali kwimibutho yokusebenza, izikhuphiso zolwazi-lwazi, namaqela amalungelo abantu eMpuma Yurophu kunye neLatin America. Iintlangano ezifana ne i-National Endmentation for Democracy (Derciality) kunye ne-United States Agency for International Development (US)[FLD:3] ejongelweyo ekuxhaseni ulawulo lolawulo lolawulo-oomashiqela.

Ngowama-1990 kunye nowama- 2000, ukunyuka kwemizekelo yolawulo lwe-generibral kwagxininisa indima yentlalo-ntle ekunikezelweni kwenkonzo, "iinkonzo" i-Association" kunye nentlalo-ntle ku-NGOs. Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhutshwa kolawulo lotyumbo eAfrika, e-Asia, kunye neyangaphambili yeSoviet Union yabona uncedo lwamanye amazwe oluyalelwe kumaziko onyulo, amaphulo okulwa kwezekelelo, kunye noncedo olusemthethweni. IZizwe ezimanyeneyo kunye neBhanki yehlabathi zikhuthaza ngokuphandle ukuphuhliswa kolawulo lwezentengiselwano ezinkulu. Eli xesha labona ukwanda kwezentengo zezizwe ngezizwe (INGO) ezidibaniss, ii-mali ezidibaniselwano zengingqi yoluntu, ii-ognognograant elungelenee.

Kutshanje, ukujongwa phambili kujoliswe ekuzilungiseni, ekulungiseni imozulu, nasekusebenziseni amanani. Ngoku abasebenzi baxhasa iintelets ze-intanethi ukwenzela ugcino-lwazi lwabemi, oomatshini bobugcisa bentlalo-ntle, kunye nee-glockroots ezithi ziphendule kwiimeko zempilo ezifana ne-Ebola okanye i-COVID-19. I-Arhenti yembali ibonisa ukuba uncedo lwamanye amazwe aluxhasi nje uluntu kuphela ukuma kobume balo, izinto eziza kuqala, kwaneengqiqo zalo. Ukuqonda lo mongo kunceda ukucacisa impumelelo kunye neziphumo eziqhubekayo eziqhubeka zidala ingxubuso.

Ubuchule Bokuxhasa: Indlela Uncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Olulomeleza Ngayo Uluntu Lwasekuhlaleni

Olu ncedo lusetyenziswa ngamaqela angundoqo anokuphembelela abantu basekuhlaleni neentyatyambo ezibangela ukuba baqhubeke behamba.

Ukuxhasa nokuzinziswa kwemali

Inkxaso-mali ethe ngqo, inkqubo, kunye nezixhobo ezincinane zemali zinika isiseko semali kwimibutho emininzi yoluntu. Kumazwe afumana imali ephantsi apho uncedo lwasekhaya lulinganiselweyo, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lungagquma iindleko zokusebenza, imivuzo yabasebenzi, kunye neendleko zeprojekthi. Umzekelo, iNgxowa-mali yomhlaba wonke yokulwa noGawulayo, iTB neMalariya ithumele amawaka ezigidi kumaqela enkcubeko esekelwe kuluntu, ibenza bakwazi ukunikela iinkonzo kunye nomxhasi wezigulana. Noko ke, ukuxhomekeka kwimijikelezo yemijikelo emifutshane yeprojekthi kungadinisa ukulondoloza isiphithi; imibutho isenokuzama ukugcina italentengo okanye ukuceba iindlela ezinde xa inkxaso ithethth

Ukwakhiwa noqeqesho

Iinkqubo ezininzi zoncedo ziquka ubuchule bokunceda, ukuphuhlisa ulawulo lwentlangano. Abaxhasi boluntu bafunda ukubhala indlela yokunika izindululo, yokulawula izimali, yokuqwalasela nokuvavanya imisebenzi, nokusebenzisa izixhobo zamanani ukuze basebenzise ubuchule bokulawula uqeqesho lwengingqi. Abanikeli behlabathi badla ngokusebenzisana namaqumrhu oqeqesho lwamalungelo abantu, ubuchule bokunxibelelana, kunye nonxibelelwano olucwangcisiweyo. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kungaguqula amaqela oluntu angacwangciswanga kakuhle abe ngamaqela anokukwazi ukuphembelela inkqubo yomgaqo

Ukwakha Iinethwekhi Nokwakha Okuninzi

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lungakulungela unxulumano phakathi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni kunye neengqungquthela zezizwe ngezizwe. Iingqungquthela, iinkqubo zokutshintshisana, kunye neeplatfomu ze-intanethi zivumela abaxhasi beengca ukuba babelane ngenkqubo, bakhe umanyano, kwaye bandise amazwi abo. Umzekelo, i- CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizentition idibanisa imibutho yoluntu kulo lonke ihlabathi, ixhaswe yinkxaso yenkxaso-mali enikelwa ngabani. Ezi zixhobo zinceda inkqubela zasekuhlaleni zifumane ukubonakala kunye nokufikelela kwisigqibo sokwenza izigqibo, njengohlolo lwemozulu yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo okanye ungqungquthelano lwezentlalo.

Ukukhuthala nokuxhaswa ngumthetho

Abanikazi badla ngokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwemali, uqeqesho lweparalemali, kunye namaziko omthetho anika abantu umgangatho ophantsi ukuze baqinise amalungelo abo. Kumazwe angenamthetho, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lungaxhasa umhlaba, ukuhlolwa kwemekobume, kunye namaphulo okuthintela ukutshintsha imekobume. Amandla asemthethweni anika imiqathango yezixhobo zokuvavanya ukugxothwa okungekho mthethweni, inkohlakalo yamapolisa, okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwequmrhu. Le nkqubo inamandla ngokukhethekileyo ngenxa yokuba ifaka isibonelelo soluntu kwaye yenza imizekelo yesenzo sexesha elizayo.

Izixhobo zobuxhakaxhaka kunye namanani

Kwixesha lamanani, uncedo lwamanye amazwe luzityalisela ngokukhulayo kubugcisa bezentengiselwano. Abanikazi baxhasa ii-data zomgangatho ezivulekileyo, ii-apps ezihambayo zokubhalisa umvoti, kunye nezixhobo zoluntu zokuhlola uluntu ezinceda abaxhasi bolwazi ukuba balandele ulwazi olucace gca. Open Society Foundations, umzekelo, baye baxhasa amaqela amalungelo amanani akhusela inkululeko kwi-intanethi kwaye bakhusela abaxhasi bezobugxwayiso. Ubugcisa bungathoba ukunikezela unikezelo kulwazi, kodwa bukwanyusa inkxalabo malunga ne-data kunye nolwahlulo lwamanani [iswel--"isuescessss ezimele zihambe kakuhle.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Uncedo lwamanye amazwe luyasebenza

Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibonisa indlela uncedo lwamanye amazwe oluye lwachaphazela ngayo ibutho labantu nentsebenziswano ebangelwa ziingca ezihamba kuwo wonke amazwekazi neembambano.

Iqela lamalungelo elizwe laseKenya

Amalungelo omhlaba eKenya kudala efana nedatha longquzulwano, kunye nokungalungisi kobupolisa okuqulethwe kukunganyaniseki kwasemva kwempuma kunye nelizwe elingekho mthethweni. Imibutho exhaswe kwamanye amazwe, kuquka leyo ixhaswa yiLand Goverliance Program kunye neFord Foundation, inike uncedo olusemthethweni, ubugcisa bokuzoba, kunye nokulungiselela uqeqesho lwasekuhlaleni kumaqela asekuhlaleni. Iziphumo zaba lungceleleko lwempumelelo yokuqhankca-qhazelo kunye nokumangalela okukhusela abantu bomthonya-zwe kwiindawo ezinyanzelekile njengeMau Forest kunye noMlambo weTana. Njengoko kuphawulwe kwinqaku lokuqala, le migudu inika abemi amandla okufuna ukuphendula koontlanganiso kunye namagosa bakarhulumente borhulumente basekuhlaleni.

Intshukumo Yemozulu YaseBangladesh

IBangladesh lelinye lamazwe anokulawulwa kwemozulu ehlabathini, anezigidi ezihlala kwiindawo ezisezantsi eziselunxwemeni. Uncedo lwezizwe ngezizwe olusuka kwimibutho enjenge [[FLT: 0] INgxowa-mali yemo yezulu eluhlaza [ kunye nabanikela ngezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo baxhasa intsebenziswano yolutsha oluneengca ezidibanisa ubuchule bokuzinzisa. La maqela alungiselela isantya somthi, akha izindlu, kunye nemisebenzi yokuqonda kwinkanyamba. Okubaluleke kakhulu, aye axhasa urhulumente ukuba aquke imo yemozulu kwinkqubo yesizwe kunye nemali yokuxhasa uluntu. Ukubandana kwabantu abaselula kukhuthaza ukuhambelana, kubonisa ukuba oko kunceda ukuquququzelelana kweqelana kwemihlathi.

Iphulo Lokulwela Amalungelo Abantu ELatin America

Kumazwe anjenge Colombia, Guatemala, neMexico, uncedo lwamanye amazwe luxhase imibutho yamalungelo abantu enziwe ngengca echaza ukunyamalala, ukubulawa kwabantu okungaphaya, kunye nokunganyaniseki. I-European Union kunye ne-Ofisi yamaLungelo eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ixhase iikhomishini zenyaniso, amaqela anxulumene ne-anthropy, kunye namaxhoba enkonzo. Le migudu iye yanceda iintsapho ezifuna ukupheliswa kwamalungelo abantu, inika ubungqina bokungxengxengxengxeza, kwaye yasungula imisebenzi yokukhunjulwa ethintela imbali-aisiasia. Kwimeko nganye, uncedo alukhange lube lungoncedo lwemali kuphela lwemali, kwaye lungaxhaswangalukhuselwanga ekusebenzeni kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Iinethwekhi zokulwa nokuvuleka kwekhompyutha ze-Eastern Yurophu

Emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, uncedo lwamanye amazwe luye lwathululwa kwibutho labemi kuMbindi naseMpuma Yurophu ukuxhasa utshintsho lwedemokhrasi. ERomania naseSlovakia, e-USAID kunye ne-Open Society Foundations zixhase amaziko ophando, alwa nokonakala NGO, kunye namaqonga okwakha amaqela. Ezi nkqubo zibhenca umgangatho ophezulu wokufakelwa ukhuthazo kwaye zityhalwa phambili kutshintsho lwezomthetho, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko ezikhulisiweyo ze-European Union. Ngelixa amanye la maqela ewalukenee zobupolitika ajongana nomva nesithuba sangaphandle, iminikelo yawo yangaphambili ibonisa indlela uncedo olukhuselweyo olunokusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zolawulo.

Iingxaki Nokugxekwa Koncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Kuluntu

Phezu kwazo nje ezi mpumelelo, ukusebenzisa uncedo lwamanye amazwe ukuze kuxhaswe uluntu neengca ezikhulayo kuzaliswe ziingxaki.

Ukuthembeka Nokungaxhomekeki

Xa imibutho yasekuhlaleni ithembele kakhulu kwinkxaso-mali yangaphandle, isenokuzama ukusinda xa iphelelwa inkxaso. Oku kubangela into edidayo: uncedo ekuqaleni lunika amaqela amandla, kodwa lungawashiya esengozini yokutshintsha kwezinto eziphambili. Kwezinye iimeko, i-NGOs engakwaziyo ukudibanisa imithombo yayo yemali, ishiya abantu bengenankxaso. Ngaphezu koko, ukusukelana rhoqo nokufumana inkxaso kungaphazamisa ekucwangcisweni kweengca, njengoko amaqela echitha ixesha elininzi ebhala izinto ezicetyisiweyo kunasekuhlakuleleni amalungu asekuhlaleni.

Ubudala obuneeNkcukacha

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusoloko lubonisa izilangazelelo zejiyografi kunye neengcamango ezikhethwa ngamazwe anikelayo. Ucwangciso lwedemokhrasi oluphakanyisiweyo lwase-U.S. lungamisa inkqubo echasene ne-communimnst okanye ibutho labantu elikwipropati yepropati, ngelixa umniki-mali waseYurophu enokuthi agxininise amalungelo abantu okanye ukulingana kwamadoda. Xa le mithetho ingahambelani neemfuno zasekuhlaleni, uncedo lungagqwetha ikhondo lengingqi. Umzekelo, inkxaso-mali isenokuxhasa i-NJOGO ezigcumentsss ezikwindawo yasemaphandleni, imibutho engacwangciswanga ngokulinganayo. Imibutho ekhoyo izihloko ezingafanelani nemixholo edityaniweyo.

Ukuphendula kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe kuluntu alunakuthintelwa kukonakala okanye ukungakhathalelwa. Kwamanye amazwe, amaqela aphezulu asekuhlaleni abamba imali ye-NGO, eyisebenzisela inzuzo yobuqu okanye ukulondoloza ii-internames. Uncedo lungavelisa iziphembelelo ezigqwethekileyo: amaqela asenokuzibaxakekisa izinto aphumeza okanye avelise amanqam ukuze atsale imali. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlola okugxininisa iziphumo ezinokubakhona ngokufuthi azikwazi ukuthatha ingxwelerha, utshintsho lwexesha elide, ukuvelisa imisebenzi emifutshane yexesha elide kucwangciso olunzulu.

Ukungavisisani Kwezobupolitika Nendawo Enciphileyo

Kumazwe amaninzi, oorhulumente bajonga uluntu lwasemzini njengolusongelo kwigunya labo. Imithetho ethintela i-NGO inkxaso-mali evela kwamanye amazwe (umz., “ummeli” womthetho wamazwe angaphandle”, umthetho we-Hungary“Ima Soros”) uye wanda ukususela ngo-2010, inyanzelisa amaqela amaninzi ukuba ahlengahlengi okanye asondele. Kwanalapho imithetho ingachananga, abaxhasi abafumana inkxaso yamazwe angaphandle basenokujamelana nokuhlaselwa, ukujongwa, okanye ugonyamelo. Oku kugxininisa umngcipheko wokuba uncedo lungabhebhethelela imikhosi yasekuhlaleni kwingozi enkulu, ingakumbi xa abanikeli bengabathathi izilumkiso zokhuseleko ezaneleyo.

Ukuxhathisa kwenkcubeko nombhalo

Uqheliselo olungcono ukusuka kwenye indawo alusoloko ludluliselwa kwenye. Abanikazi banganyanzela imodeli ye-Western yezobugcisa `````iindlela zokutsala''''''' okanye ukutsala''''. Ngokunjalo amabutho apho ulwakhiwo olungacwangciswanga okanye ukhokelo lwesithethe luhlala lusebenza khona. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zoncedo ezifuna ukuxelwa ngesiNgesi okanye ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho entsonkothileyo zingakhupha amaqela amancinane engca engenazo iziko abasebenzi abanolwazi. Ubuntu kunye nobuchule bemeko ziyimfuneko kodwa zidla ngokutyeshelwa kwizixhobo zoncedo eziqhelekileyo.

Uqheliselo olulunge kakhulu lokunceda

Ukuze baphucule impembelelo yoncedo lwamanye amazwe kwibutho labantu nakwimibutho yeengca, abanikelayo noogqirha kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo emininzi engundoqo.

Beka kwindawo yokuqala ubunini basekuhlaleni

Iinkqubo kufuneka zimiselwe kunye namaqabane asekuhlaleni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo, iindlela, kunye nemigca yamaxesha ibonisa ezona zibalulekileyo kuluntu kunokuba kuboniswe izigunyaziso zomnikeli. Ukuthelelana ngesisa, apho abameli boluntu bahlala kumacandelo enkxaso-mali, kuyindlela enye ethembisayo. Ubukho basekuhlaleni bakha ukholo kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba uncedo luqinisa intshukumo ezikhoyo kunokuba lunyanzelise ezingaphandle.

Umanyano lwenqanawa zemfazwe ezinde

Imijikelo yeprojekthi emfutshane (iminyaka emithathu) ayilungelelani nakutshintsho lwengca. Abanikazi kufuneka banikele ngemali ethatha iminyaka emininzi ngemiqathango ethambileyo evumela imibutho ukuba ilungelelanise neemeko eziguqukayo zezobupolitika. Imali-emali (imali engahlawulwayo yentloko nemivuzo) ibaluleke kakhulu kuba ivumela amaqela ukuba afakelele kwinkqubela-phambili yabasebenzi nakwinkumbulo yamaqumrhu.

Ukugxininisa ubugocigoci bokwakha ngaphezu kokudluliselwa kwemali

Nangona ubuncwane bemali bubalulekile, ukwakha amandla kwiindawo ezifana nokhokelo, ulawulo lwemali, kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa imali kunokuba nempembelelo ehlala ihleli. Abanikazi kufuneka baxhase ukubonelela ngenkxaso, ukutshintshiselana izifundo zoontanga, kunye nokuqeqesha, hayi nje ingbonelelo. Uqeqesho kufuneka lufanele lufaneleke ngokwenkcubeko kwaye lunikelwe ngeelwimi zasekuhlaleni.

Ukukhusela abo bathatha inxaxheba

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe kuluntu luneengozi. Abanikazi kufuneka badibanise uqeqesho lokhuseleko lwamanani, inkxaso esemthethweni, kunye nemali yongxamiseko kwiinkqubo zabo. Bafanele bakhuthaze ekuhleni ukukhusela isithuba soluntu, besebenzisa imijelo yentsebenziswano ukutsala umva nxamnye nemithetho ecinezelayo. Kwimeko ephakamileyo, inkxaso-mali engaziwayo kunye nothungelwano ngaphandle konxibelelwano ingafuneka.

Ukuzihlaziya Nokufunda

Intengiso yempumelelo kufuneka ifumane iinguqu zobukhulu kunye nobubanzi: ulwandiso lwentsebenziswano loluntu, ukutshintsha-tshintsha kwintetho kawonke-wonke, utshintsho lwenkqubo, kunye neenethwekhi ezomelezelekileyo. Abanikazi kufuneka baxhase uvavanyo oluzimeleyo kwaye benze amarhintyela avumela izifundo zokwazisa udweliso lwexesha elizayo. Ukufunda ukusuka ekusileleni kubalulekile njengokubhiyozela impumelelo.

Isiphelo

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunamathuba okukhuthaza ngokuphawulekayo ibutho labantu kunye nentshukumo-ntle, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho esebenzayo nokuthenjiswa kwemibutho yabemi. Xa lusetyenziswa ngokuqwalasela ubunikazi basekuhlaleni, isibopho eside, kunye nomanyano lokwenene, "inika amandla abantu ukuba baxhase iinjongo zangaphandle, baqinise idemokhrasi, kwaye bakhe imimandla eqinileyo. Kodwa ingxelo yengoma iyaxubana: ukuxhomekeka, ukunikela, kunye nokuchasana kwezobupolitika kuhlala kungunobungozi. Olona ncedo lusebenzayo aluchazi ukuba abantu basekuhlaleni baphathe njengesixhobo senjongo zangaphandle kodwa njengezinto eziphilayo ezimele zikhuliswe ngokweenjongo zazo. Njengokuba iingxaki zomhlaba zifuneka zitshintshe imozulu, ukungalingani, nokutshintsha kwedemokhrasi, ukukhuthaza ukukhula, indima yoncedo lwamanye amazwe axhasa iingca. Uvavanyo oluphezulu lunokusuka ekubeni uncedo lunyuke kunyuswe kusuke kumgangatho ophezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwiminxeba-o basekuhlaleni, ukuphulaphula imigaqo-omntlukelo yasekuhlaleni.