Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lumela isiseko solwalamano lwamazwe ngamazwe, sisebenza njengesixhobo soncedo loluntu kunye nesixhobo esilungelelanisayo ukwenzela iinjongo eziqhubela phambili zobuzwe. Ukudluliselwa koovimba `fenancial, ubugcisa, okanye izinto zendalo'. Ukusuka kumazwe anikelayo ukuya kulwamkelo lolwamkelo, inkqubo yempembelelo, kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubela yezoqoqosho. Ngoxa ukuphumelela kwayo kuqhubeka kudityaniswa, indima yoncedo lwamanye amazwe ekulungiseni izivumelwano zonxulumano, ayiphiki kuphikiswa, ichaphazela yonke into ukusuka kulungelelwaniso lwejiyo lwejiyozwe jikelele ukuya kwizakhiwo zolawulo lobugxakityo. Oku kuhlola indlela uncedo lwamanye amazwe oluneentlobo, iimpembelelo zayo kumazwe ahlukene, kunye neengxoxo ezingqubanayo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Imisebenzi yoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe alunqabile ukuba luphunyezwe lusukelo olungenabubele; lusekelwe ngokunzulu kumaqhinga angaphandle enkqubo yamazwe anikelayo. Ngokuthumela ubuncwane kumazwe athile, oorhulumente banokufikelela iinjongo zentlalo-ntle ezisuka kukhuseleko lomanyano olucwangcisiweyo ukuya kuphuhlisa amandla athambileyo. Eli candelo lihlola imisebenzi ephambili yolawulo lwamazwe angaphandle eluncedo ehlabathini lonke.

Ukwakha amaqumrhu acwangcisiweyo

Enye yezona misebenzi zezonxibelelwano ziqinileyo zelizwe lasemzini kukukwazi ukumisa izivumelwano ezicwangcisiweyo. Amazwe ancedisayo asoloko enikela uncedo kumazwe angaphandle akwizikhundla eziphambili zezopolitiki, abelana ngemida neentshaba, okanye alawule ubuncwane bendalo obubalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iUnited States inike inkxaso epheleleyo kuSirayeli nakuMaYiputa phantsi kwesiseko seKampa David Reans, intshukumo elungiselelwe ukuqinisa iMbindi Mpuma kunye nemithetho ekhuselekileyo yamazwe angaphandle. Ngokufanayo, iBelt neNqandathanga yendlela ibandakanya uncedo olukhulu nenkxaso yemali yezoqoqosho kumazwe aphesheya kwe-Asia ne-Afrika, ukuvelisa i-Rodrona eguqulela impembelelo yezobupolitika. Ezi zivumelwano azishenxila inkxaso yemikhosi enzima, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yezixhobo zezixhobo zemikhosi, kwaye zisebenzisa iingozi zezixhobo zezixhobo zezixhobo zezixhobo zemfazwe.

Ukusebenzisa Amandla Athambileyo

Igunya elithambileyo .ukukwazi ukubumba izinto ezikhethwa ngabanye ngokutsalana kunokuba kunyanzelwe ngamanye amazwe. Xa ilizwe elinikelayo lifumana inkxaso-mali yezonyango, lakha izikolo, okanye linika isiqabu, likhuthaza ububele phakathi kwabemi kunye noorhulumente. Oku kubonakalisa ingqiqo entle kusenokuguqulela kwimpembelelo yenkcubeko, ukhenketho, kunye nolwalamano oluhle lwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, uPhuhliso loMkhosi we-United States kunye noMbutho weSizwe laseJapan oluPhakamileyo (ODA) luye lwakhuthaza ixesha elide imvakalelo yokuba kunye nokuhlonelana. Uncedo olukhoyo, ngokukodwa, lunokuphinda lufumane umboniso wesizwe; amazwe asabela ngokukhawuleza kwiintlekele zemvelo. Imfundo kunye neenkqubo zokuncedanazo zobuqu ezihlala zihleli phakathi kweenkokeli, ukukhuthaza amandla athelela phambili, apho ukusetyenziswa kwelizwe elibonakalayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha yemali, kunye nezixhobo ezinamandla zelizwe lonke, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinamandla zezorhwebo ezinamandla.

Uncedo Olunempembelelo Eluqilima

Ngaphandle kokwakha ulwakhiwo olulungileyo, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusetyenziswa rhoqo njengesixhobo sokuphembelela iinkqubo zasekhaya nezamanye amazwe amkelayo. Abasebenzi basenokudibanisa iimeko ezifuna abamkeli ukuba bafumane iinguqu ezithile zezoqoqosho, bamkele ulawulo lwedemokhrasi, baphucule iingxelo zamalungelo abantu, okanye basebenzisane neemvume zezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe. Imali yemali yemali elungiselelweyo kunye neBhanki yehlabathi iye yasetyenziswa ekulungiseni inkqubo yokwakha, apho uncedo luxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yokulungisa ulawulo lweziko okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemali yentengiso. Ngokunjalo, abanikeli banikela ngamalungelo ahlukeneyo amalungelo afana neEurope Union basoloko bebopha inkqubela kwimilinganiselo yokulwa kokonakala okanye imilinganiselo yemekobume. Oku kusetyenziswa koncedo oluthe kratyaniswe ngokuchukunokuphumelela kodwa kunokubangela impikiswano. Abagxekiwo baphikisa ulawulo lwesizwe, ngokunjalo, ukungenelela imigaqo yabo yezo zezobupolitika zezobupolitika, kodwa kusenze impembelelo echutyiselwayo.

Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle nezilangazelelo zezobupolitika

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe ludityaniswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namaqhinga abanzi e-geographial. Amandla amakhulu adwelisa uncedo ukuze akhuphisane, akhuseleke ekufumaneni iimarike kunye nobuncwane, kwaye azinzise imimandla efuna ukhuseleko lwawo. Ukuqonda imilinganiselo yejiyografi yezobupolitika yoncedo kufuna ukuhlolisisa iindlela ezahlukileyo zabadlali abaphambili nendlela olusetyenziswa ngayo kwizicwangciso zemfazwe.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: IUnited States, iTshayina, NeEuropean Union

I-United States iye yasebenzisa mbali yoncedo lwamanye amazwe njengentsika yenkqubo yayo yasemzini, ingakumbi ngexesha lemfazwe yomlomo, xa uncedo lwalubhekiswa kumazwe asengozini yempembelelo yobukhomanisi. IPost-9/11, ukhuseleko kunye neenjongo zokulwa nolawulo lobuphekula zaqhuba isantya esibalulekileyo soncedo oluya eAfghanistan, ePakistan, nase-Iraq. I-Agency ye-International Development (USAID) isoloko idibanisa le migudu, equka ukulawula iinkqubo, inkqubela yezoqoqosho, kunye noncedo lomkhosi. Noko ke, uncedo lwe-U.S.

ITshayina ivelise enye indlela yokunikela engundoqo, inikela uncedo ngaphandle kweemeko zezobupolitika ezifana nezomazwe aseNtshona. Ngamazwe asekuhlaleni iBelt kunye nezinye iinkqubo, iTshayina inika iimali ezibolekiweyo zezibonelelo zesiseko kunye nezibonelelo ezisoloko zinomtsalane kumazwe asakhayo ekuphathweni kwemeko yaseNtshona. Le ndlela ivumele iTshayina ukuba yakhe amaqhina anzulu ezoqoqosho nenkxaso yentsebenziswano kwimimandla efana ne-Afrika kunye noMzantsi-Asiya. Abahlalutyi, noko ke, babonisa ukuba amatyala ahamba-ntlukwano nokungabi nako ukuvela. Imodeli ye-Tshayina ibonisa ukusetyenziswa okucacileyo koncedo lwe-Genethistingsting xa ikhuthaza ukungahambelani kwempembelelo enzulu kunye nempembelelo yogcino olude lwexesha elide.

I-European Union imele indlela edityanisiweyo, ixhasa uncedo olusuka kuMlawuli-Jikelele woManyano lwezizwe ngezizwe. Uncedo lwe-EU lusoloko lubekwa kumacala ahlukeneyo amalungelo abantu, idemokhrasi, kunye nenkqubela-phambili ehlala ikhona. Lusetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza uzinzo kwimimandla ekufuphi, njengeMediterane kunye neMpuma Yurophu, nokuxhasa ulawulo olumanyeneyo. Ukugxininisa kwe-EU kumanyano kunye nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni lwemibutho yoluntu ukuzama ukuphucula ulwalamano lomntu onikela nge-ecustom, kodwa iingxaki zisekho ekulungelelaniseni izilangazelelo zamalungu olwelo olumanyeneyo.

Uncedo njengesixhobo sokuHlula iziHlolo

Kumazwe abuthathaka nanemfazwe elwayo, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunokuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwakha uxolo kunye nongquzulwano. Abanikazi bangasebenzisa uncedo ukuxhasa iinkqubo zokuphelisa izixhobo, ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwangaphambili komkhosi, okanye ukuqinisa amaziko afunekayo ukuze kubekho uxolo oluhlala luhleli. Umzekelo, uncedo lokwakhiwa kwakhona emva kwemfazwe eRwanda kunye neMozamki lunganceda la mazwe anokukwazi ukuzinzisa imfazwe yamakhaya. Uncedo lungawafaka amaqela amaqela angene kwimfazwe exanduva ukufikelela kwithepati yokudibanisa izixhobo zokulwa, ngokunikela ngophuhliso lwezibonelelo lwezivumelwano zoxolo. Kodwa, xa kuthelekiswa nezicwangciso zoxolo, luneengozi ezinkulu. Ukuba lungalawulwa kakuhle, lunganceda iqela elinye, ukupheka kwembuyiselo, okanye ukuyila imfazwe. Ukusetyenziswa koncedo lwemfazwe kufune ukucombululo lwezi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zasekuhlaleni, kodwa kuvavanyanisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko zezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Impembelelo Kumazwe Afumanayo

Iziphumo zoncedo lwamanye amazwe kumazwe amkelekileyo zininzi, ziquka imilinganiselo yezoqoqosho, yentlalo, neyezobupolitika. Nangona uncedo lunokukhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila, lukwabeka ubungozi kulawulo nomgangatho wokulawula. Uhlalutyo olulungeleleneyo lutyhila idinga nemigibe yokuxhomekeka kuncedo.

Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nololuntu

Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle luxhase impumelelo emininzi kwinkqubela yabantu. Iimali zokuxhasa iprojekthi kwiinkqubo zezempilo, ezifana neGlobal Fund to Friend AIDS, TB kunye ne-Malaria, zisindise izigidi zabantu. Uncedo lwemfundo luye lwandisa ukubhalisa izikolo, ingakumbi kumantombazana akumazwe angenayo. Imisebenzi yokuyila iprojekthi. / traptals, amazibuko, amandla e-eProjects" enceda ukuqhuba ushishino kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, uncedo lwamanye amazwe luye lwanegalelo ngokuphawulekayo ekupheliseni ingxibongo kunye nokukhutshwa kwepoliyo kufuphi nolwenzeko. Ezi zinto zibonisa ukuba xa ziphumelela kwaye zilawulwa, uncedo lungavelisa inkqubela engakumbi yoqoqosho, ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemali, ukufuduswa kwezoqoqosho, ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo.

Ulongamo Nenkxalabo Yokuxhomekeka

Phezu kwazo nje ezi nzuzo, uncedo lwamanye amazwe luphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko ngolongamo lwesizwe nokuxhomekeka. Xa inxalenye enkulu yoqingqo-mali karhulumente ivela kubantu abangaphandle, ulawulo lwabo lunganyanzelwa. Oorhulumente abamkeleyo basenokusebenzisa iinkqubo zabo ukwanelisa iimfuno zomnikelo kunasekhaya, nto leyo maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba "yi-Primentiy Princinces". Ukuxhomekeka koncedo kungenza ukuba kubekho ingeniso engakumbi emakhaya, njengoko oorhulumente bexhomekeke kwimiqathango yangaphandle kunokuba bakhe iinkqubo zabo zerhafu. Lo mjikelezo uyakwazi ukucudisa amazwe kwimeko yokuxhomekeka, ukwenze kube nzima ukuxhasa inkqubela ngaphandle kokuqhubeka. Ngaphezu koko, imibandela edityaniselwa uncedo ingabonwa njengeeprojectivecco, ibangela ukufaneleka koorhulumente abafumana iimfuno kumehlo abemi babo.

Ulawulo Norhwaphilizo

Olu ncedo lungathoba ulawulo lobuqhetseba ngokudala amathuba okufuna irente kunye nokonakala. Xa intlawulo enkulu yemali ingena kumazwe anamaziko abuthathaka, isahlulo sisenokutsalwa ngabaqeshi. Oku akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusebenza koncedo kodwa kunganciphisa ukuphumelela kombutho orhwaphilisiweyo kodwa kunciphise ukuthemba uluntu kurhulumente. Uphando lubonise ukuba uncedo olukhoyo kwintsebenziswano lunganxulunyaniswa nokonakala okukhulayo, ingakumbi xa kunikelwa ngemali okanye inkxaso engqalileyo yemali ngaphandle kokungalawuli. Olunye uncedo lungaqinisa ulawulo ngokuxhasa amaziko alwa nokunganyaniseki, utshintsho oluqhelekileyo, kunye neenkqubo ezivulekileyo zikarhulumente. Isiphumo se-nethiyeval

Iimbambano Nezigxeko Zexesha Elizayo

Indima yoncedo lwamanye amazwe ekuxoliseni ulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe ibangelwa yimpikiswano enkulu phakathi kwabaphengululi, abaqulunqi bemithetho noogqirha.

Ukuphumelela koncedo neMiqathango

Umbuzo wokuba ngaba uncedo lwamanye amazwe alukaphenduli na. Nangona uncedo luye lwafak ’ isandla kwimpumelelo ephawulekayo, abaphengululi abaninzi baphikisa ngelithi ifuthe lalo lilonke ekukhuleni ixesha elide nasekuncitshisweni kwentlupheko yendlala lithoba. Abagxeki abafana noWilliam Easter isalathisi esibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-intecracy kwimiba ephambili nokungaphuculwa kwendlela kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zoncedo. Ukubolekisa ngemo-mfezeko, iziphumo ezithe yangalungelelanangalinganiyo. Noko ke, ukwenziwa kolwazi olukhoyo kugxininiswe ngokuchanekileyo, ukungenelwa kwazo kunye neziphumo ezingezintle, apho ukuchasana nokungalungiswa kwemiqatha kwemijeko.

Ukukhula Kwentsebenziswano YoMzantsi - mpuma

Abanikeli bezonyango abaxhaphakanga baseNtshona abasayi kuphinda babe yimodeli ephambili kumazwe aseMzantsi-South-South. apho amazwe asakha anika uncedo kunye noncedo lobugcisa omnye komnye, ngoku azise izinto ezintsha ezinamandla kulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe. Amazwe afana neTshayina, i-Brazil, neUnited States e-Arabhu e- Emirates anika enye imodeli encedanayo, engancedini, kunye nentsebenziswano. Oku kuye kwatshintsha ulungelelwaniso lwezobuzwe, njengoko amazwe afumana uncedo lwawo ngoku anokukhetha amaqabane. Intsebenzi yoMzantsi-Mzantsi-Mzantsi-ntshona ivavanyanisa imigaqo efuna ukusetyenziswa kwendlela eluncedo; ezininzi azifumanangabanjwa zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Izinxulumanelo, ezi zivumela abanikeli ukuba badlale ngokuchasene, bakhuthaza amandla awo. Noko ke, abagxeki-Southern South-o baphikisa namalungelo abantu, abagronabacustoms.

Ikamva Loncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Ngokudinwa

Njengoko iingxaki zehlabathi ziguquka, uncedo lwamanye amazwe kufuneka lukwazi ukuhlala lusisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulawula imozulu. Iingxaki ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukupheliswa kwezifo ezimandundu nokutshintshwa kwamanani zitshintsha izinto eziza kuqala, ngoxa ukutshintsha kwemeko yehlabathi kufuna iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana kunye nokuchaphazela.

Utyekelo lokuyila uncedo

Ikamva loncedo lwamanye amazwe liza kuphawulwa ngokuqhekeka okungakumbi nokuzinziswa. Imali yezoqoqosho iya kuba lilungu elikhulu, amazwe ahambele phambili afuna iibhiliyoni zezigidi ezichaphazelekayo ukunceda amazwe abuthathaka nokuthomalalisa imozulu. Oku kutshintsha kwamaqhina kunceda ngqo kuphuhliso lwemekobume yomhlaba wonke. Ngokufanayo, ukhuseleko lwempilo luye lwavelela emva kwesifo se-COVID-19, ngoncedo olujoliswe ekomelezeni iinkqubo zonyango kunye nokusasaza kwe-galelo lwe-anti. Indima ye-tejini ye-internet syntaneti, i-ekhothamfa, i-empe ekhothayo-ance, kunye nokunyuka kwamanani okubonisa ukubaluleka kobugcisa ekuphuhliseni inkqubela. Le mibhobhobho yobuchule ifuna ubuchule obutshanayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule obuninzi. Indima ye-artsthrop, njengeeactive, iyakhula, idiance-ence-ence-magnetic sy.

Ukulungelelanisa Iinjongo Zesizwe Nezokuba Neenjongo Zehlabathi Lonke

Uxinzelelo olungundoqo kwikamva loncedo lwamanye amazwe luza kuhlala lulungelelanisa phakathi kwezilangazelelo zelizwe kunye neempahla zikawonke-wonke. Ngelixesha abanikeli beluzakusoloko besebenzisa uncedo ukuhambisela phambili ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nezilangazelelo zezoqoqosho, kukho ulwamkeleko olukhulayo lokuba iingxaki ezininzi ``ii-pandemics', ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukufuduka, ukufuduka nokusebenza okudibeneyo. Ngoko ke ucwangciso oluthe ngqo kwingenelo lwemeko-bume yehlabathi lungaphumelelangaphumelelanga ekucombululeni le ngxaki. Le ngcamango yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zikawonke-wonke" iya kufuna ukuba uncedo luye lujoliswe kwiziphumo eziyingenelo kumazwe onke, njengokulawula okanye ukumelana nemozulu. Ubuchule obusuka kwizixhobo zoncedo ezithengwayo, kodwa lumele luvumelane nokuxhasa inkxaso kwezixhobo eziluncedo phakathi koncedo lwesizwe nezoncedo lwezizwe.

Ngokushwankathela, uncedo lwamanye amazwe luhlala lubalulekile, ukuba lunempikiswano, luyinxalenye yolwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe. Lunceda ukunikezelwa kwemibutho elungelelanisiweyo, ukuboniswa kwamandla athambileyo, nokuxhotyiswa kwempembelelo yenkqubo. Ngoxa lunako ukuqhuba inkqubela kunye nenkqubela yoncedo lobuntu, lukwathwala iingozi zokuxhomekeka kunye neengxaki zolawulo. Njengokuba umhlaba wonke usiba luninzi kakhulu kwaye kuvele iimeko ezintsha, ukusetyenziswa koncedo lwamazwe angaphandle kufuneka kuguqulele ku-$toba kuxanduva okukhulu, ubumnini belizwe, kunye nozibophelelo lokwenyaniso kwiinjongo zobuzwe kunye nehlabathi lonke. Ikamva loncedo lwamanye amazwe ekulawuleni ulawulo luza kuxhomekeka kubuchule bokuqhuba ezi ngqinelana nokuthembeka nokubona kwangaphambili okulungele ukuphakama.