Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Lweentlango Zokutya KuMerika Yanamhlanje

Iintlango zokutya aziyozithuba nje kwimephu — zimela izakhiwo ezinzulu ezikwimiqathango yasemaphandleni egqiba iziphumo zempilo kuzigidi zabantu baseMerika. ISebe lezeLimo (USDA) lichaza intlango yokutya njengephecana elingenayo apho inani elikhulu labemi liphila khona ngaphezu kwekhilomitha enye ukusuka kwivenkile ekwimimandla yedolophu okanye ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezilishumi kwimimiselo yasemaphandleni. I-Melika emalunga nezigidi ezingama-3,5 ngoku ihlala kumazwe anjalo, ngokwe- ulwazi lwe-USD . Oku kubangela ukuba abantu abaninzi bafumane ukutya okuninzi kakhulu okungaphindiweyo okungapheliyo kunye nemijikelezo yendlala. Ukutya okudiza ifuna ukulungele ukuhlanganisa inkqubo yezonyango, ulawulo loluntu, ulawulo loluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nolawulo loluntu.

Isizathu Sokuba Iintlango Zokudla Zingatyi Ngokugqithiseleyo

Ukulingana kwendlela yokutya kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ingeniso, uhlanga, okanye ijografi, uyakwazi ukufikelela ngokufanelekileyo ekutyeni okufaka impilo. Iintlango zokutya kutshabalalisa lo mgaqo. Kwezi ndawo, iinketho ezimbalwa ezikhoyo zokutya ziphelela kwizitore ze-ekona, izitishi zegesi, kunye neepropati ezikhawulezayo ezithengwa ngokukhawuleza ezigcina ishelufu, izinto ezidityaniswe kakhulu kwiswekile, ityuwa, namafutha angenampilo. Imifuno eluhlaza, izitya ezipheleleyo, kunye neeproteni ezingephiyo zisoloko zingekho okanye zingenamali.

Iziphumo zibonakala kakhulu. Uphando lwama-2020 olupapashwa kwi- Affairs lufumanise ukuba abemi basentlango yokutya basengozini engaphezulu yama-20% yokutyeba namanqaku angama-40% yomngcipheko wokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nowona mngcipheko ophezulu wesifo seswekile olinganayo kubemi abahlala kwimimandla efikeleleka kwivenkile. ICDC iyakwazi ixesha elide ukufumanisa ukuba i-CDC i-ikwenziwa kukungangeni komdla okungundoqo koluntu kwimibutho engundoqo empilweni. Iingingqi ezimnyama kunye nama-Aspanian zichaphaza ngokugqithisileyo: phantse kuma-30% ezindlu zabamnyama kunye nama-25% eSpenish eelkt, ngokulingana no-56% ye-6% ye-6% ye-Elths,

Ukudibana Kokutya Nesifo Esingamachiza

Xa ukutya okunesondlo kungekho, umzimba uhlawula ixabiso. Iimeko ezinxulumene ne-Diet-moscial — isifo sentliziyo, isifo sokufa nge-stem, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ezinye ii-mhlaza — zingunobangela ophambili wokufa eUnited States. Kwimimandla ekuntlango yokutya, ezi zingamaqondo aphezulu. Abantwana aba kule ndawo basenokuba nolibaziseko olunxulumene nokutya okungatyiyo, kwaye abantu abadala bajongene nokulahlekelwa ngamandla yinkululeko ngenxa yokutya okunxulumene nokukhubazeka okunxulumene noku. Ixabiso lezoqoqosho likwaphezulu: iNxatya yentliziyo yeMelika kunye neNxatyano yesifo esinganyangezeleyo inyusa ngaphezu kooR3,1,1 amawaka ezigidi ngonyaka kwinkcitho empilweni nokungaphilileyo nokuchuma.

Imilinganiselo Karhulumente: Umgca Wokuqala Wokwaphulwa

I-Austrim inegunya elithe kratya lokulungisa imekobume yokutya ngomthetho, ngoqingqo-mali, nangomthetho wokulungelelanisa. Kumashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, inani elandayo lamazwe liye lamisela iinkqubo ezijoliswe kulo ukuvalela ekusondeleni iikhefu kunye nokungahambelani kwesondlo. Le nkqubo iwela kwiindidi eziliqela: izixhobo zemali, ungenelelo lonikezelo-mali olusecaleni, kunye nongeniso lwezibonelelo lwesiseko.

Amatyala erhafu neendawo eziphantsi zorhwebo

Isixhobo esithe ngqo somgangatho karhulumente sisenkqubo yesixhobo sokhuthazo kwivenkile enkulu. Iphondo laseNew York layilungiselela le ndlela kunye nenyathelo lalo lezempilo leMigangatho, elinika iityala lerhafu, imali-mali ephantsi, kwaye linika abasebenzi bevenkile ezikulungeleyo ukuvula kwimimandla engaphantsi kwenkonzo. Ukususela ngo-2010, inkqubo iye yanceda ekundululeni iivenkile ezingaphezulu kwekhulu zokutya kwintlango eqeleneyo. New York &squo; inkqubo ye-Plate ifuna ukuba izitore ezintsha zifumane i-SNPAP (izitem zokutya) kunye neenzuzo ze-WIC, ziqinisekisa ukuphumelela kokufumana abahlali belizwe.

I-Khalifoniya ’ i-Khalifoniya i-Foood Finansication isebenza ngendlela efanayo, inika abathengi kunye nemali exabisa ii-R3,000 zezigidi zemali ebolekisiweyo, i-projekthi nganye yevenkile yevenkile, amafama i-’ iimarike, kunye neendawo zokutya ezikwingingqi ezikhoyo ekungafikeleleki kakhulu. Kuwo omabini la mazwe, ezi nkqubo zemali zinciphisa ingozi ephambili kubathengisi kwaye zibonisa ukuba intengiso yokutya okutsha inokuba nemali eninzi kwimimandla efuna imfuneko.

Ukuxhasa Ngokungqalileyo Iimarike Ezihambayo Nokusasazwa Kokudla Okutsha

Asiyontlango yonke yokutya enokuthi ixhase ivenkile epheleleyo ethengisa ukutya ngokukhawuleza. Iimarike ze-&mdash okanye ooduladula abahamba ngeendlela abathengisa imveliso kunye neStaples &mdash ezisempilweni eziphilileyo, ezinikezela ngesisombululo esithambileyo sebrorho. UMichigan, umzekelo, wabela i-$5222-kufumana i-Food Accesssion kunye ne-Equity Fund ukuxhasa imisebenzi yezorhwebo kumangingqi yasemaphandleni nakwimimandla yasedolophini. ITexas iqhuba i-Food Mobileckets Pilot, ejoil ejoil ejonge abantu abahlala kwiRio Grande Play apho izitore zigcina iiyure ezahlukeneyo. Ezi nkqubo zezithuthi zisetyenziswa nabali belizwe lasekuhlaleni ukuze zive, zigcine iinzuzo zezoqoqosho kummandla wasemaphandleni.

Ukuveliswa Kokutya Kwasekuhlaleni Nokulima Kwasemadolophini

Oorhulumente baseburhulumenteni bayakwazi ukuvelisa ukutya okudibeneyo kwasekuhlaleni. UMaryland wenza iBhunga leMaryland Food Resiliency, elinika inkxaso kwiifama zasezidolophini, kunye neenkqubo zokutya ezincinane ezikwintlango zokutya. Ingxelo yebhunga i’ ingxelo ngo-2023 yanikela ulwando oluziziiphesenti ezingama-350% ekuvezeni imveliso kwiifama zasezidolophini eBaltimore kuphela. Ngokufanayo, i-Illinois yasungula i-Urbarlin Agriculty Program yokuxhasa umhlaba, ukunkcenkcencela, kunye nokuqeqesha abemi baseChicagos, eMpuma St. Louis Louis.

Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Yasekuhlaleni: Izicombululo Eziluncedo Kubomi Basekuhlaleni

Ngeli xesha oorhulumente beseka isakhiwo, izixeko kunye nezikolo ziphumeza inkoliso yomsebenzi osemhlabeni. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangasebenzisa ikhowudi yabo yokulungisa, imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenzisa umhlaba, kunye negunya lokulawula ukususa imiqobo kunye nokwenza imekobume ukuba kungenelwe ukutya okusempilweni.

Ukukhuthaza Abasebenzi Beenqanawa Nezamarike

Izixeko ezininzi zinemithetho eshicilelweyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kummandla ohlala abantu, eyenza kube nzima ukuba izitore zevenkile zivule apho zifuneka khona. Phambili kokukhangela oomasipala balungisa ezi khowudi. Umzekelo, ukulungisa izithuba zazo ukuvumela i “ i-Cornergy Producation ” isebenzisa kummandla wengingqi esezantsi yengingqi zokuhlala, ikhulula imvume. Ukuncitshiswa kwexesha lokuvula ivenkile entsha ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezintandathumbu ezintandathu. UDetroit wagqithisa isakhiwo sokulungisa ukuma kwe-dolokhwe nefama esivumela ukuma kwemizana neendawo ezihlala kuyo zonke, icoca indlela yeendawo zokuvelisa i-run-irn.

Iiflub zokutya kunye neenethwekhi zokusasaza okusembindini

Amafama angamafama afanayo asebenzisa ummandla olinganiselweyo. Amasebe okutya — aphakathi kwezakhiwo ezivelisa ukutya okukwindawo ezininzi ze-&mdash, kwaye asasaza imveliso yasekuhlaleni kwimimandla emininzi ekwi-—can asebenza kwiindawo ezibanzi. Alquerque ’ iAlimentario Food, ixhaswe yimali yesixeko kunye nomhlaba wephondo, zisasaza imveliso entsha kwi- 40 yezikolo zokutya ezisekelwe kwi-marikethe, iimarike ezihamba-mfolokhwe ezimbini, kunye nemisebenzi yokuguqula iikhomputha entlanu. Izikhulu zidibanisa abalimi bengini nabathengi abafumana imali ephantsi, inciphi, inciphisa, kwaye inikezela ngothutho oluthengwa rhoqo olungenayo.

Ugcino lwenguqu zobukho kunye nomthetho ofanelekileyo

Kwiintlango ezininzi ezikhoyo, kuphela iivenkile ezincinane zekona ezithengisa iichip, isoda, kunye nemidiza. Amadolobha amaninzi asungula iinkqubo zokuguqula iikhomputha zevenkile ezinika uncedo lobugcisa, ii-grantswana, kunye neeyunithi ezikhululekileyo zokufaka iziqandisi ezigcina abanini bebonke abavumayo ukuqokelela imveliso entsha, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye namafutha asezantsi. I Philadelphia’ i-Heally Corner Set Meet itshintshe ngaphezu kwama-600 evenkile ukususela ngo-2010, ukwandisa ukufumaneka kwabemi abathabatha inxaxheba. Inkqubo yoqeqesho egcina abaphathi bemveliso esisiseko, egcina ukutya, begcina ingeniso engundoqo, isiqinisekiso sokugcinwa ixesha elide.

Izicombululo ezinikwe uLuntu: I-injini yotshintsho olungapheliyo

Akukho nkqubo ephezulu ephumelelayo ngaphandle kokuthenga ngaphakathi. Inyathelo elisetyenziswa nguluntu linika abemi amandla okuthatha ubumnini bokusingqongileyo kokutya kwabo kwaye isoloko ivelisa ezona zisombululo zifanelekileyo neziqinileyo.

Imiyezo yasezidolophini kunye neemodeli zokudlala

ELouisville, eKentucky, imodeli yeNew Roots Freed Smake Markets yadalwa ngabahlali baseNtshona , ummandla omnyama oneevenkile ezineevenkile ezincinane. Lo mnatha osetyenziswayo ngoku usebenza ishumi eli-Pref Exfrecters ngexesha ngalinye elikhulayo, i-scription iveliswa ukusuka kwi-40 Black famarks kunye nokuthengisa kwizindlu ezingama- 2,000. Abaxhasi bangahlawula kwisikali esitshebelezayo okanye basebenzise i-SNAP. Imodeli ixhaswe kwezinye izixeko ezihlanu. Ukutya okune-ondophiweyo kwakhiwe ngemigaqo efanayo yelungu le-ofisi yedemokhrasi, ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kuvela kwiMineapolis, Rochester, kunye ne-Okiland.

Imfundo yezonyango kunye nokukhuthala kolutsha

Imfundo ayinakwahlulwa ekufumanekeni. Kwanaxa kufike ukutya okutsha, abanye abahlala khona abangazange baphekwe nge-kale okanye ngebhotelenutsh bangathanda ukuthenga. Iinkqubo eziqeqesha abaselula njengabahlohli boontanga zivala lo msantsa. I-Food Trust ’ udweliso lwenkqubo lweYouth Health Moffates eNew Jersey lufundisa abafundi besikolo esiphezulu ukukhokela ukupheka imiboniso yokupheka kwingingqi yabo, ukuseka izitiya zesikolo, nokuxhasa imigaqo yemfundo yesidlo sasemini elungeni. Kwakhona ii-ofisi ziqokelela ulwazi ngokufikelela kwizithuba zokutya, ezidibaniselwa kwizixeko. Lo mxubano wemfundo, inkxaso yemfundo, kunye nezenzo ezingqalileyo zakha isizukulwana esixhotyiswe ukuze zifumane imfutho neswo yokuzinzisa ukutya okuninzi.

Iinkqubo Zokutya Ezisekelwe Kwinkcubeko

I-oyile-ngangeneyo-yonke imiyalezo yokutya okunempilo idla ngokusilela ngenxa yokuba ayizihoyi izicwangciso zoluntu eziluncedo zokutya okuthandwayo. Iindlela zoluntu zokuhlonela izithethe ngelinye ixesha ziphucula isondlo. KwiHouston ’ kwingingqi yeGulfton, uluntu lwabaphambukeli, umanyano phakathi kwabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nesebe lesixeko lezemfundo yezempilo lenza i-andendable iprojectives [iactal] inkqubo esebenzayo yezorhwebo) egcina izinto ze-Latin America ezifana ne-Jícama, ii-cctus brops, kunye neebhityiso ezivayomileyo kunye nezinye izikolo eziqhelekileyo ze-state. EHawaii, abaququqululisa izicwangciso zokutya zoluntu kusetyenziswa kwesizwe.

Ucelomngeni Olungapheliyo KwiiNkcukacha Zemithetho

Nangona kubhaliwe ukuba eli lizwe, elikummandla, nelisekuhlaleni liza kufikelela kulo, kusekho imiqobo ebalulekileyo.

Imiqobo Yokuxhasa Imali Nokungalawuleki Kwezobupolitika

Iinkqubo ezininzi zikarhulumente kunye nolwasekuhlaleni zixhomekeke kwimijikelo yonyaka okanye yexesha elinye enika uncedo. Xa iingxaki zoqingqo-mali okanye utshintsho kukhokelo lwezopolitiko lusenzeka, inkxaso-mali ingaphela. Umzekelo, i-New Jersey ’ i-Foood Accessitive, yalubona uqingqo-mali lwayo luqingqwa ngama-60% ngexesha lokuchanabeka kwesifo sobundlobongela nangona kukho imfuneko yokufumana uncedo lokutya engakumbi. Iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali ezifana nokunikezelwa kwerhafu okanye umanyano lwabantu ngabanye zingekaqali. I-Federal Healthod Finanficificietiection inika imali engqinelanayo, kodwa izamkela ezikhoyo zithe kratya.

Ukujinga nokulawula

Iinguquko eziziinguqu zijongene nokuchaswa ngabanini-mhlaba abakhoyo kunye nabahlali ababoyika iitrafiki, ingxolo, okanye ukuhla kwexabiso lempahla. Kwezinye izixeko, imigudu yokuvumela ezolimo zasedolophini okanye iivenkileni ezincinane zokutya kwimimandla yokuhlala iyaloyiswa ngamaphulo eNIMBY (Ayikho Emva). Naxa iinguqulelo ezikhoyo zidlula, inkqubo yokuvumela inokuba yi-labyrinthine, ingakumbi kubasebenzi abancinane abangenalwazi olusemthethweni.

Ukwahluka Nokungalingani Kobuhlanga

Iintlango zokutya aziyondawo ezingaqhelekanga; zingumphumo wamashumi eminyaka yokuthamba, ukurhoxa, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe yohlanga. Uphando lwama-2022 kwi- Journal of Urban Health[ lubonise ukuba ingingqi ezitshayelo ezitshayelweyo ngeminyaka yoo1930 zisenokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ziintlanga ezityayo namhlanje. Urhulumente kunye nemigaqo yasekuhlaleni engazihoyiyo ezibungozi bembali zinyanga nje iimpawu ezikhoyo ngoxa zishiya iingcambu zibangela ukungaphathwa. Inkqubo esebenzayo mayiquke izakhiwo ezizininzi ezizezona zenzo zexesha elidluleyo.

Ugcino - lwazi Nobunzima Bokuzimela

Ukugqiba ukuba inkqubo inciphisa ngokwenene ukutyiwa kwehlathi kufuna ulwazi oluthembekileyo, kodwa imimandla emininzi ayinabo oovimba bokuqhuba uvavanyo lokufumana ukutya rhoqo. I-USDA’ i-Foood Access Research Atlas ihlaziywa kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa kwaye isebenzisa imigangatho engalungelelananga. Iinkokeli zoluntu zisoloko zixhomekeke kubungqina obukhoyo okanye uhlolisiso oluncinane. Ukuveliswa kobunyani bexesha, ukujongwa kokusingqongileyo okugqithisileyo kuyinto efunekayo kwinyathelo elilandelayo, kodwa kufuna ubuchule obunokufumaneka ukuba oomatiloshe abaninzi abagcina imali bemali bangakwazi ukubufumana.

Iindlela Zexesha Elizayo: Inkqubo Esetyenziswa Kutya

Ukujonga phambili, ulawulo kunye neendawo zingalola iindlela zabo ngokwamkela indlela edityanisiweyo, eqwalaselwe ngokulinganayo. Ubungqina obusuka kwimpumelelo nokungaphumeleli bukhomba kumacala amaninzi angundoqo.

Ukulingana kwentsebenziswano yokwanelisa kwimida yayo yonke inkqubo

Ukufumaneka kokudla akunakupheliswa. Inkqubo yezothutho, inkqubo yezindlu, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba konke kudibene. Isixeko esakha ivenkile entsha kwintlango yokutya kodwa esisilela ukuphucula inkonzo yebhasi kwivenkile sicombulule ngokuyinxenye ingxaki. Umthetho wemeko karhulumente ofana neNew Mexico &ctrsquo; iFoood Acces and Nutrition Equity Act (2023) ufuna ukuba onke amaqumlathisi karhulumente aqwalasele iimpembelelo zempilo kwimali nemithetho yawo, edala ukuphendula kwiminyango.

Ukunyusa iNgxelo yeMpilo

Ngaphandle kwezikhuthazo zevenkile enkulu, amajelo angasebenzisa iMedicaid ngemali ukuxhasa iinkqubo zonyango lonyango. Kwinkqubo ezinjalo, oogqirha i-“preodord &quo; iingobozi ezinemveliso entsha kwizigulana ezineemeko ezinxulumene nokutya, kwaye amaphepha athenjiweyo agcwaliswa kwizinto ezithengiselwa kwivenkile zevenkile okanye amafama &squo; iimarike ngaphandle kwexabiso lomguli. Washington, D.C., kunye namaMassachusetts aye aqhuba lo mzekelo ngeziphumo ezikhuthazayo: abathathi-nxaxheba ekuncipheni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-HB1c kwimigangatho emithandathu. Ukunyusa ulwamvo lwamanyuselo kumntu wonke ohlala kwiMidid eejaralica kuhlala kwimeko yempilo.

Ukomeleza Ikhambi Lokutya Kwasekuhlaleni

Isifo se-COVID-19 satyhila ukungabinamsebenzi kwemiqolo yokutya yesizwe. Ama-odosa kufuneka afake imali eninzi kulungiselelo lokutya kwengingqi, kwindawo yokugcina ukutya okubandayo, kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezinokunceda ezidolophini nasemaphandleni. Izicelo zenkqubo yemibutho yokutya ebanzi yelizwe lonke, ebingavelisa amakhulu efama amancinane naphakathi, anika imodeli elinganayo. Ngokunyusa iitsheyina, ezi zikhululo zingehlisa amaxabiso kwaye zandise nako nako ukufumaneka kweyona ndawo ikude.

Ukwakha amandla oLuntu kunye noMmandla weQumrhu

Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zenziwe kunye nabaququzeleli boluntu abachaphazelekayo, hayi ukwenzela . Izixeko ezininzi ziqalisile ukuseka iiKhomishini zokuNgena ze-Food Equity ezibunjwe ngabahlali abakwimimandla ekumgangatho ophantsi wokutya, ecaleni kwabacebi besixeko, amagosa kawonke-wonke ezonyango, kunye neenkokeli zeshishini. UPortland, uOregon, wayila i-Community Fooood Assesssssss kunye nemisebenzi yezemali enika abemibuthoni ukuba bamkele okanye bakhanyele izicelo zokufumana ukutya kwiindawo zabo. Xa uluntu lubamba isigqibo sokwenza igunya, imigaqo-mthetho yezoshishino, i-yokusabela ngakumbi kwaye imelana nenkculo.

Ukuphelisa iintlango zokutya nokufumana isondlo akuyi kwenzeka ngesiquphe. Kodwa izixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo zikhona, kwaye imizekelo yempumelelo iyaphindaphindeka. Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zeSizwe zingafumana inkxaso efanelekileyo ze zidlulisele iintshukumisa. Amabhunga eziXhosa ayakwazi ukuphinda abhale iikhowudi zokucoca nokuxhasa iimarike ezihambayo. Iingingqi zoluntu ziyakwazi ukwakha imiyezo, amaqela asebenza kunye, kunye nenkqubo yoontanga. Umgangatho ngamnye uqinisa amanye. Ikamva apho ukutya okunesondlo kunelungelo elibanzi, kungekhona ilungelo lokufumana indalo okanye ingeniso, lifikeleleka.