Isiseko Solawulo Lwasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lwengingqi lumisela ukuba ngubani olawula unyulo lukamasipala, iphondo, noorhulumente bengingqi kulo lonke elaseUnited States nazweni lonke. Ngoxa unyulo lwesizwe lusoloko lulawula ijelo lobuzwe, izigqibo ezenziwa kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni zinempembelelo engqalileyo nekhawulezileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla babemi. Ukusuka kumgangatho wokusela amanzi ukuya kwimeko yeepaki zengingqi, amagosa asekuhlaleni anyulwayo abumba imekobume apho abantu bahlala khona, basebenza khona, kunye nokukhulisa iintsapho. Ukuqonda impembelelo yokhetho lwengingqi yengingqi kwimisebenzi yengingqi kunye nenkqubela-ntle yabantu kufuneka nabani na ofuna ukuphembelela ikamva ledolophu yabo.

Ivoti nganye kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni ithwala ubunzima obungalinganiyo obuthelekiyo xa buthelekiswa nevoti kukhuphiswano lwesizwe. Kumazwe amaninzi, ngaphantsi kwe-15% yabavoti abafanelekileyo abathatha inxaxheba kunyulo lukamasipala (ngokwe-] UmPhicothi woMphicothi-zincwadi wengingqi wengingqi [). Olu nyuko lusezantsi luthetha ukuba iqela elincinane, elithembisiweyo labemi lingagqiba isiphumo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isikhokelo sophuhliso lwengingqi yoluntu kwiminyaka ezayo.

Indlela Iinqobo zokhetho lwangaphakathi Eziziinkonzo zoLuntu

Iinkonzo zoluntu zenza isiseko soluntu olusebenzayo. Ezi nkonzo ziquka ukuqokelelwa komgqomo wenkunkuma, ukulungiswa kwendlela, unyango lwamanzi, amathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke, neenkqubo zoluntu.

Ukufumaneka kwempilo yoLuntu noLolongo

Amagosa asekuhlaleni anyulweyo ajonge amasebe ezempilo kawonke-wonke, iikliniki, namacandelo esithili. Bagqiba ngoqingqo-mali ukwenzela iinkqubo zokuthintela izifo, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kunye nonyango lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Ngokomzekelo, ibhunga lesixeko linokwabelana ngemali yokwakha isebe elitsha lezempilo kwingingqi encinane okanye ukuthintelwa kwemali yezonyango.

Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, amagosa asekuhlaleni aba bucala bempilo kawonke-wonke, aqinisekisa ukunyanzelisa izindululo zokukhusela amasigqubuthelo, alungiselela iidrayidi, kunye nokusasaza izinto zokuvavanya. Unyulo oluzisa iinkokeli ezineemvelaphi zoluntu ezomeleleyo ludla ngokuphumela ekukhuseleni uluntu. Uhlolisiso olusuka kwi-CDC lwabonisa ukuba abantu abasebenza kwisebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni elixhaswe ngokuqhubekayo bafumana inkxaso-yo bafumana amaxabiso asezantsi ezifo kunye nokululama ngokukhawuleza kwiengxaki zempilo.

  • Ukugquma ukwenzela amaKliniki oLuntu: abakhomishinari kunye nabaphathi bephondo bagqiba ngokubonelela ngemali kumaziko ezempilo afanelekileyo noorhulumente kunye neekliniki ze-scalerini ezityibilikayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iinkqubo zempilo ezinyuselayo: inqwelo-moya yokucutha, amaphulo okuthintela ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, kunye namanyathelo okutshaya axhomekeke kwizabelo zoqingqo-mali zasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Impilo entle:[[FLT] Ukuxilongwa kweendawo zokutyela, uvavanyo lwamanzi, kunye nokujongwa komoya okujongwa ngamasebe onyango asekuhlaleni phantsi kweebhodi ezinyuliweyo.

Imfundo neeNkonzo zoLutsha

Unyulo lwequmrhu lesikolo sasekuhlaleni lunempembelelo engaphaya kwempembelelo kumgangatho wemfundo. Iibhodi zesikolo zimisela imigangatho yokufundisa, zivumela iisivumelwano sokufundisa, kunye nemali esetyenziswayo phakathi kwezikolo. Zikwagqiba kwakhona ngokuphuculwa kweenkomfa ezinjengezakhiwo ezintsha okanye uphuhliso lobugcisa. Kumaphondo amaninzi, amalungu equmrhu lesikolo anyulwa ngokwahlukileyo kumabhunga esixeko, oku kwenza olunyulo lube lubalulekileyo nangakumbi kwiintsapho.

Ngaphezu kwemfundo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhasa amathala eencwadi, iinkqubo zasemva kwesikolo, kunye namaziko okuqeqesha umsebenzi. Ibhunga lesixeko elibeka imfundo kwindawo yokuqala liya kusebenzisa amanyathelo okufunda, iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye namaziko okuzihlaziya olutsha. Ngokuchasene noko, ibhunga elijolise ekunciphiseni irhafu kwiinkqubo, linciphisa amathuba okufumana abafundi abaphantsi.

  • [[Uhlahlo:0] Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali: Ulwabiso lwengeniso yempahla kwizikolo ngazinye luxhomekeke kumagosa anyuliweyo.
  • [[UMGAQO-] Izigqibo zeCurriculum: Iibhodi zesikolo eziye zaqwalaselwa zivumela iincwadi kunye nezifundo, ziphembelela oko abafundi bakufundayo.
  • Iinkqubo zobuntwana: iinkqubo zomsebenzi zasehlotyeni, amaqumrhu ezemidlalo, kunye nezicebisi zixhomekeke kwiziphumo zonyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Neenkonzo Zexesha Lengozi

Amapolisa, amasebe omlilo, kunye neenkonzo zonyango zongxamiseko (EMS) zixhaswa zize zikhokelwe ngoorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Abameli abaphakanyisiweyo kunye namabhunga ezixekweni bamisela uqingqo-mali ukwenzela ukugcinwa komthetho, ukumisela imigangatho yabasebenzi, nokumisela iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla, iikhamera zomzimba, kunye namapolisa asekuhlaleni. Unyulo lwegqwetha lesithili elihambela phambili lungatshintsha izinto eziphambili ekuboshweni ekubuyiselweni komntu, ngelixa ulawulo oluthe kratya lungagxininisa izigwebo ezingqongqo kunye nolwandisiweyo.

Amasebe omlilo axhomekeke kwinkxaso-mali yezixhobo, uqeqesho, kunye neendawo zezitishi. Kwindawo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, abavoti bangavuma amanyathelo okudibanisa ukwakha izitishi ezintsha zomlilo. Kukuhla kwemimandla yasemaphandleni, ukunqongophala kwemali yasekuhlaleni kungakhokelela kwimpendulo ende kunye nemali engaphezulu ye-inshorensi. Uhlalutyo olusuka kwiNtlangano ye-National Fire Protection ifumanise ukuba amasebe okuzithandela omlilo kwiindawo ezinezibambi-mali abambalwa batsalayo ngokufuthi bazama ukuqokelela nokugcina abasebenzi.

  • Izinto eziphambili zobupolisa: unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lumisela ukuba ungafaka kusini na imali kumaqela ajongene neengxaki zempilo yengqondo okanye ukwandisa amapolisa angokwesithethe.
  • Ukhuseleko lwe-freyithi: I-bonds sherendium yezikhululo zomlilo ezintsha ezichaphazelisa ngqo ireyithingi ye-inshorensi kunye namaxabiso empahla.
  • I-Disaster Lingrings: Uqingqo-mali lwexesha longxamiseko lwezikhukula, iinyikima, kunye neenkanyamba lucwangciswe ziikhomishini zengingqi.

Ulawulo nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho

Unyulo lwengingqi lunempembelelo enamandla kwindlela yobume boluntu. Izigqibo ezimalunga neendlela, iibhulorho, ukuthuthwa kwabantu, iinkqubo zamanzi, kunye nokunganyulwa kwenqanawa zenziwa ngamagosa akhethiweyo.

Izinto Zokuhamba Neendlela

Amabhunga namabhunga ephondo avumela iiplani zezithuthi eziphambili kunye nokwandisa imali yokulungisa iindlela, iindlela ezintsha, iindlela ezintsha zeebhayisekile, kunye nolwandiso lweenqwelo-mafutha. Usodolophu obeka iliso lokhuseleko lwabahamba ngenqwelo-moya angasebenzisa amanyathelo anciphisa iingozi. Ikomishini ejolise ekuhambeni kweemoto isenokuvula iindlela ezininzi ngendleko yokuhamba. Ngokufuthi abasebenzi bagqiba kwimiqathango yerhafu yokuxhasa irhafu, njengoko kubonwa kwizixeko njenge-Denver neSeattle, apho inyathelo lokuhamba ngemoto liye ladala iinkqubo ezibanzi zeziporo ezikhanyiso.

Amagosa aqatshelweyo akwaphembelela ukuvunywa kolwahlulo olutsha kunye nophuhliso lorhwebo, oludala izithuthi kunye nokufuna unyuselo lwezibonelelo. Iinkqubo zolwando olukrelekrele ezigxininisa uphuhliso kufutshane nezikhundla zothutho zixhomekeke kukuthanda kwezobupolitika kweenkokeli zasekuhlaleni. Uphando oluvela kuMgaqo-phambili woMbindi weMelika lufumanise ukuba abantu abanolawulo olunamandla lwezothutho bafumana ufikelelo oluthe tyekeleleka ngokulinganayo kwimisebenzi neenkonzo.

  • Ulungiso lwe-Road: Umngxunya wokuzalisa nokulungisa ucwangco lunqunyulwe luqingqo-mali lwesixeko oluvunyiweyo ngamabhunga.
  • Transitulic:[[FLT]] Iindlela ze-Bus, ukuphindeka, kunye nezinto ezizokusebenza zicwangciswe ngabasemagunyeni bothutho abanamalungu ebhodi anyulwa rhoqo.
  • Uthutho olusebenzayo: ukwakhiwa kwecala lohambo, ufakelo lwendlela yebhayisekile kunye neenethwekhi zendlela zixhomekeke kukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni.

Iinkonzo zokucoca namanzi

Amanzi okusela acocekileyo kunye nonyango olusebenzayo lokulahla amanzi amdaka azinakusetyenziswa nakuluphi na uluntu. Imimandla yamanzi yasekuhlaleni kunye nezixhebo zikamasipala zilawulwa ziibhodi ezinyuliweyo okanye amabhunga esixeko. La magosa amisela isantya, avumela imisebenzi esisiseko njengeendawo zokunyanga ezintsha, kwaye enza izigqibo kwimigaqo yokulondoloza amanzi. Kumazwe ajongene nembalela okanye ukungcoliswa, unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lungamisela isantya kunye nokuphumelela kokusabela. Ingxaki yamanzi yasekuhlaleni igxininisa indlela ukungaphumeleli kwemeko yempilo kawonke-wonke.

Ukukhula Kwezoqoqosho Nendalo Yomsebenzi

Unyulo lwengingqi luyilo imozulu yeshishini ngezikhuthazo zerhafu, ukuqeshana, iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa umsebenzi. Abasebenzi kunye namalungu ebhunga basebenza kunye neenkampani zenkqubela yezoqoqosho ukutsala abaqeshi abatsha. Banganikela irhafu yempahla, imijelo evumela iinkqubo, kunye nokutyalwa kwezoshishino. Ngokuchasene noko, bangamisela imimiselo edimanisa amashishini athile okanye imiyalelo ephezulu. Iziphumo zohlanga lomphathi-dolophu zidla ngokubonakalisa ukurhweba enoba uluntu luvulekele ukwanda okanye lunemiqathango engakumbi.

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lukwamisela ukubonelela ngemali yamaziko okuqeqesha umsebenzi, iimali-mboleko zoshishino, kunye neenkqubo zorhwebo. Kwizixeko ezinenkqubela eqinileyo yomsebenzi, amaqondo okungaqeshwa abonakala esezantsi kwaye ingeniso yoomatiloshe iphezulu. Ingxelo evela kwiNtengo ye- ibalaselisa ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abafake imali yeqonga kwikomkhulu labantu babona ukuphucula kwezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza emva kokudodobala kwezoqoqosho.

  • Ishishini: Amagosa akhankanyiweyo avumela ukurhoxa kwerhafu ukuhenxa abaqeshi abakhulu, njengamaziko ogcino-lwazi okanye izityalo zokwakha.
  • Uqeqesho lomsebenzi onyanzelekileyo: Imali yoluntu yekholeji kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho zixhomekeke kwizigqibo zoqingqo-mali zasekuhlaleni.
  • Inkxaso yeshishini elincinci: Ilayisenisi, uhlolo, kunye neenkqubo zokubolekisa zilawulwa ngamasebe asekuhlaleni azakuphendulelwa kwiinkokeli ezinyuliweyo.

Ukulungiselela Idolophu, Izindlu Nokusetyenziswa Kwelizwe

Unyulo lwengingqi luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela uluntu olukhula ngayo emzimbeni. Imimiselo yokwakha, imigaqo yokwakha, kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba kwenziwa ze zilungiswe ngamabhunga anyuliweyo okuceba okanye amabhunga esixeko. Ezi zigqibo zibonisa ukuba izakhiwo ezintsha zakhiwe ngokulula kusini na, ukuba imimandla ehlala ingenamali, nokuba sisiphi isithuba esiluhlaza esilondolozweyo.

Imithetho yokuzingela nezindlu ezinokufumaneka

Ukuzingela kumisela oko kunokwenziwa apho kunokwenziwa khona apho kumakhaya entsapho enye, izakhiwo, amagumbi okuhlala, amangingqi ezorhwebo, okanye amacandelo oshishino. Amagosa aqatshelweyo anganyusa iindawo ze-ozoni ukuze avumele iindawo zokumisa i-ozone zivumele izakhiwo ezixineneyo, ehlile ukuba zigcine iimpawu ezisezantsi zobuntu, okanye ayile imimandla ebekelwe indawo ephezulu ukuze kulondolozwe iinjongo ezingaqhelekanga. Kule ngxaki yembali yokuhlala, unyulo-ovelo lwengingqi luye lwazindawo edabini ukuba mhlawumbi luvumele iiyunithi zokupaka, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokupaka, okanye imijelo yemijelo efunekayo yokuhlala.

Ingingqi ezithi abanyulwa abatshali bafumane unyuko kunikezelo lwezindlu, olunokuzinzisa iirente ngexesha. Ngokuchaseneyo, uluntu olukhokelwa ngamagosa achasa inkqubela-phambili entsha lungajongana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso endlu kunye nokushenxiswa kwabemi. Uhlolisiso lwamashumi amabini22 kwiProjekthi ye-Urban [ lufumanise ukuba ukhokelo lwezopolitiko lwalungomnye weziphumo ezinamandla zempumelelo ye-gantraka.

Ipaki Kawonke-wonke Nesithuba Esivulekileyo

Uqingqo-mali lwesebe lepaki, uphuhliso olutsha lwepaki, kunye nocwangciso lokulungisa zigqitywe ngamagosa akhethiweyo. Abasebenzi bezomthetho basoloko bevumela amanyathelo okudityaniswa ekufumaneni ipaki nokuyilungisa. Unyulo lwengingqi lumisela ukuba abantu banokuyityalisela kusini na imimandla yemidlalo, imiyezo edaliweyo, imiyezo, nemizila. Ukufikelela kwindawo eluhlaza entle kunxulumene nokuphuculwa kwempilo yengqondo, ulwandiso-mdla, kunye namaxabiso ephezulu empahla. Ulawulo loomatilo-omatiloshe olulawula iipaki lungaguqula isixeko esine-coccrac ekwindawo ehlala i-okdwa.

Ubandakanyeko lwe Voter kunye neseti yexabiso lokutyiwa

Impilo yeenkonzo zoluntu nophuhliso idityaniswe kumgangatho wokuthatha inxaxheba kovoti kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Xa kunyulwa, amagosa anyuliweyo angummeli ongakumbi wabemi kwaye asabela ngakumbi kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Xa ujiko lusezantsi, izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo `ezifana nabaphuhlisi, amaqumrhu, okanye amaqela amashishini . Oku kudala iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo: uluntu oluvotayo lufumana iinkonzo ezingcono, ezikhuthaza ukuvota okungakumbi, ngoxa uluntu olungenamdlalwaluko lubona ukuwohloka nokunganeliseki.

Unyulo oluninzi lwasekuhlaleni lusenziwa kwiminyaka edlulileyo okanye kwimihla yeebhayisikile ezingaqhelekanga, ezicinezelayo. Amazwe ashukumise unyulo lwasekuhlaleni ukudibana nonyulo lwesizwe afumana ulwando oluphawulekayo ekungeneleni. Umzekelo, xa izixeko zaseKhalifoniya zaqinisa imihla yazo yonyulo kunye nolawulo oluphambili, ukujika okuphindwe kabini okanye okuphindwe kathathu kwezinye iindawo. Abaphandi kwi- Unyuso lwe-Citables[[

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Impembelelo Yokwenene Yehlabathi Yokhetho Lwasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo eNashville

Ngo-2020, unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo saseNashville lwabona iliza labaphumeleleyo abaphumeleleyo, beqhutywa kukulungiselela uluntu kwimiba ekhoyo. Kwiminyaka emibini, ibhodi yandisa inkxaso-mali yeenkqubo zobafundi bolwimi lwesiNgesi, yandisa iinkqubo zesidlo sasemini, yaza yamkela uqeqesho olutsha oluquka imbali yasekuhlaleni. Utshintsho oluphuculiweyo olungqalileyo lwezihlalo phakathi kwabafundi abavela kwamanye amazwe kunye nabafumana ii-asentlungwini, lubonisa indlela umjikelo omnye wonyulo wasekuhlaleni onokuthi uguqule ngayo iziphumo zemfundo kwisizukulwana esithile.

Unyulo lweBhunga lesiXeko ePortland, eMaine

Portland, Maine, wakhuphisana ngokushushu nogqatso lwebhunga lesixeko ngowama-2021 olujolise ekufumaneni izindlu. Umbhaptizi ophumeleleyo wabaleka kwiqonga lotshintsho. Kwinyanga ezili-18, ibhunga lawisa umthetho ovumela i-duplexes kunye nee-aths kwimimandla engaphambili emiselwe amakhaya entsapho enye, evumela ukuba kuqaliswe iiyunithi ezine kufutshane nee-paseji ezikhoyo. Igumbi lolwandolo landa nge-40%, kwaye i-medismente ziqinise ixesha lokuqala kwiminyaka emihlanu. Le meko ibonisa indlela unyulo lwasekuhlaleni olunokuyifaka ngayo ngqo idilesi kwiimfuno zombutho woluntu ngokutshintsha.

Ukhetho lweKhomishini yeLifa leMveli eMecklenburg County, eMntla Carolina

Emva konyulo lwama-2020, uninzi olutsha kwisebe lengingqi eMecklenburg County (ummandla weChorlotte) lwatshintsha inkxaso-mali ukusuka kulwandiso lwentolongo ukuya kwiinkonzo zempilo-mpilo yoluntu. Bafak ’ ii-$5 zigidi kwiyunithi zokohlwaya kunye namaqela okuphendula okuhamba-hambayo. Kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo, iphondo labona ukuncitshiswa kwama-25% ekubambeni abantu abagula ngengqondo kunye negumbi elisezantsi elinongxamiseko. Olu nyulo lwaguqula ukusetyenziswa kobulungisa bobabini bolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezonyango kummandla.

Indlela Abemi Abanokuphembelela Ngayo Uphuhliso Lwasekuhlaleni

Ukuba nenxaxheba ngokuzeleyo kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni yeyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokuba abemi balapho babumbe ikamva labo. Kodwa ukuvota linyathelo lokuqala. Abami abaninzi bayakwazi ukuya kwiintlanganiso zebhunga, basebenze kwiintlanganiso zocwangciso, bathethe ngexesha lamagqabaza kawonke-wonke, baze babalekele kwisikhundla ngokwabo. Izikhundla zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni njengelungu lebhodi yesikolo, umphathi-bhunga wesixeko, okanye ummeli wengingqi zidla ngokuba yinxalenye yexesha kwaye zifikeleleka kubantu abangengopolitiki. Amaqela amaninzi nawo aneengingqi ezinxulumene neebhodi zolawulo eziphembelela izigqibo eziphembelelo zesixeko.

Ngaphandle konyulo, abemi balapho banokuncedisana namagosa anyuliweyo ekucebiseni iiplani zophuhliso loluntu. Ukuncedisana noqingqo-mali, okusetyenziswa kwizixeko ezinjengeNew York neChicago, kuvumela abavoti ukuba banike inxalenye yoqingqo-mali yesixeko kwiiprojekthi ezithile. Le nkqubo iqinisa ukuthembana phakathi kwabemi norhulumente ngoxa iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela ihambelana nezinto eziza kuqala kwindawo.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lwasekuhlaleni aluyonkqubo nje encinane yezopolitiko; luyinkqubo ephambili emisela umgangatho weenkonzo zoluntu kunye nomthombo wenkqubela. Ukusuka kubuchule bempilo nemfundo ukuya kwiindlela, izindlu, kunye nokhuseleko lukawonke wonke, zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla zenziwa kukuba kuhlale kwibhunga lesixeko, ibhodi yesikolo, okanye ikhomishini yephondo. Abachongi abakuqondayo oku banikwe amandla okubandakanye kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi nokufuna ukuphendula kubameli babo. Ubungqina bucacile: ukuphethulwa kakhulu konyulo lwendawo kukhokelela empilweni, ekutyeni, ekutyekeleleni, nasekutyelelekeni okuthe kezinye iindawo.