Table of Contents
Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Urhulumente Enomsebenzi Kwimpilo
Ubuchule bempilo eUnited States busebenza kwinkqubo egqunywe yimingxuma apho igunya lesizwe lidibana nokuphunyezwa komgangatho karhulumente. Ngeli xesha urhulumente wesizwe emisela izinto eziza kuqala kumazwe ngamazwe ngeenkqubo ezifana neMedicare kunye noMthetho weNkhathalelo oMandla, oorhulumente banegunya elinamandla amakhulu ngaphaya kwendlela enikezelwa ngayo impilo, elawulwayo, nexhaswayo ngemali kwimida yabo. Eli candelo legunya lidala icandelo lemigaqo elinempembelelo ngqo kumgangatho, ixabiso, kunye nokufumaneka kwendlela yokuzinyamekela izigidi zabantu baseMelika.
Kubafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, kunye neengcali zezonyango, ukuyiqonda indima yoorhulumente belizwe asiyonto nje imfundo. Kulo lonke iziphumo ezisuka kwiikliniki eziphambili kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ukuya kwixabiso lemali ye-inshorensi yempilo kunye nomgangatho wezonyango loluntu. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolisiso oluneenkcukacha ngendlela oorhulumente abaluphembelela ngayo unyango, iingxaki abajamelana nazo, kunye nekamva.
Isiseko solawulo lonyango lobuRhulumente ngokwembali nangokomGaqo-siseko
Oorhulumente bafumana igunya labo lokunyamekela impilo ngokuyintloko kuMgaqo-siseko weSihlaziyo seshumi ukuya kuMgaqo-siseko wase-U. ogcina amagunya anganikwanga urhulumente wesizwe kumarhulumente. Esi siseko somGaqo-siseko sinike ngokwembali inkululeko ebanzi yokulawula impilo nokhuseleko ngokwemithetho yabo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli gunya lamapolisa liye lachazwa liquka ulawulo lweingcali zezamayeza, ukusebenza kwezibhedlele, kunye nolawulo lwemigaqo yempilo kawonke-wonke.
Ulungelelwano phakathi kwegunya likarhulumente norhulumente luye lwatshintsha ukudlula kwamashumi eminyaka, ingakumbi ngokudlula komthetho omkhulu wesizwe onjengoMedicare noMediid ngo1965 kunye noMthetho we-Affordal Care Act ngo-2010. Noko ke, amatyala ahlala ekwazi kakuhle ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo ze-ogracy, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingxube-guquko ebanzi ebandakanya, iingenelo, kunye neziphumo kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukuqonda lo mbandela wembali ungundoqo ekuqondeni ukuntsonkotha kolawulo lwempilo eUnited States.
Ukuvuselelwa kweMveli-mali yabaLawuli bezeMpilo
Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo oorhulumente abaphembelela ngazo ukunyanyekelwa kwempilo kukusebenzisa imigaqo yabasebenzi abanyamekela impilo. Lonke iphondo ligcina ibhodi yalo yezonyango lize limisele iimfuno ezikhethekileyo koogqirha, koomongikazi, koosokhemisi, nakwiingcali zezonyango ezidibeneyo ukuze bafumane baze bahlaziye amalayisensi. Ezi zinto ziquka iimfaneleko zemfundo, uvavanyo, ukuqhubeka kwemfundo, kunye neengxilongo zemvelaphi.
Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
Ngenxa yokuba urhulumente ngamnye umisela eyakhe imilinganiselo, utshintsho olubalulekileyo lukhona. Amanye amaphondo afuna ii-screenstametics eziqhubekekayo zemfundo, lo gama amanye eneenkqubo zoqeqesho eziyekelelayo. Oku kudibene kudala ucelomngeni kwi-telemedicine kunye neingcali zezonyango ezifuna ukuqhelisela ukutyhubela imigca karhulumente. Ukuphendula oku, amazwe amaninzi aye adibanisa iikhompathimente ze-interstate enjenge-Interstate Medical Licenfire Convention Communic, ekhupha inkqubo yoogqirha ukufumana iimvume ezininzi. Ngokufanayo, i-Mphathi-Licenfice Licefie Lice Lices Compact ebhalisa ababhaliweyo asebenzisa amaxwebhu athathe igalelo ahlukeneyo ngephepha-mvume enye.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wobulungu Nesiqinisekiso Semithetho Efunekayo
Kwakhona amaziko alawula izibhedlele, kuquka izibhedlele, amakhaya asebezeli, amaziko otyando olugonya-gosa, kunye namaziko okuxilonga. Amanye amaphondo agcina iSiqinisekiso semithetho yeeNtonzeko (CON), efuna abanikezeli bezonyango ukuze bafumane imvume karhulumente ngaphambi kokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha okanye ukongeza izixhobo ezibiza imali eninzi. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba imithetho ilawula iindleko zempilo nokuthintela ukwenziwa kweenkonzo, ngoxa abagxeki besithi baluthintela ukhuphiswano nokufikelela ekunyamekeleni. Ngokumalunga no-2024, ama-35 amalunga nama-35 amalunga nohlobo oluthile lwenkqubo ye-CON, nangona inkcacitho zithe ngoko kwandeleleka kakhulu.
I-Medicaid: Umgaqo-nkqubo wezonyango weRhulumente
IMedicaid yeyona mithombo inkulu yokugqunywa kwempilo yamaMelika angenayo imali eninzi, kwaye ixhaswe ngamalungu ahlukeneyo ngurhulumente worhulumente kunye namazwe. Noko ke, iimeko zinobuqhetseba obuninzi ekuyileni nasekusebenziseni iinkqubo zabo zeMedicaid kwimigaqo yorhulumente. Oku kubhexexeza kukhokelela kumahluko omkhulu phakathi komntu ogqunyiweyo, iinkonzo ezinikelwayo, kunye nokuba zingakanani na izibonelelo ezihlawulwayo.
Ukwanda nokwanda phantsi kweACA
UMthetho weNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-2024, 40 wamazwe kwasekuqaleni aye afuna ukuba amaphondo andise uMdicaid alungele ukwandisa abantu abadala abafumana ingeniso ukuya kutsho ku-88% kumgangatho wobuhlwempu obungurhulumente, kodwa isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2012 senza ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo lwamazwe. Oku kwabangela ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo: njengango-2024, amaphondo kunye namaphondo aseColuntrea, lo mdathi-ma-Adicaid, lo gama amazwe alikhange angene abantu abalishumi. Kumazwe angeyo ingeniso ephezulu, abantu abadala abaninzi abafumana umsantsalela-mali apho bafumana khona imali eninzi kakhulu apho benokufumana i-Medicaid kodwa bengena ngqinelo oluninzi kakhulu ngenxa yezicwangciso zentengiso. Lo mdanga eninzi kakhulu.
Iingenelo Nentabalala
Amazwe anengqiqo kumlinganiselo weenzuzo zeMedicaid, nangona umthetho wesizwe ugunyazisa ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo ezithile ezifana nokunyamekela izibhedlele, iinkonzo zoogqirha, kunye neemvavanyo zolingelo. Amazwana amaninzi akhetha ukunikela iinzuzo ezongezelelekileyo, kuquka ukugqunywa kwamazinyo, iinkonzo zamehlo, kunye nezithuthi zezonyango ezingalawulekiyo. Amacandelo okunika abanikezeli abasebenzi inkxaso ayahluka ngokokwahlukene ngokokwasemgaqweni. Amazwe anamanani entsebenziswano aphezulu entengo yoncedo anokufumaneka ngokungcono ukunyamekela iMedicaid Suitems, lo gama amajeza azama ukuzama ukugcina ijelo olufanelekileyo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo ecwangcisiweyo
Uninzi lwamazwe ngoku lunikela iinkonzo zeMedicaid ngemibutho elawulwayo (MCOS), egunyaziswa norhulumente ukubonelela ngenkathalo epheleleyo yenyanga nganye kwintlawulo ebhalisweyo kwilungu ngalinye. Le ndlela ijolise ekulawuleni kunye nokuphucula umanyano lwezibonelelo, kodwa ikwazisa ubunkimbinkimbi kwii-nethwekhi, ugunyaziso, kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho. Amanye amaphondo azama ukuzama ezinye iimodeli zokuhlawula kunye nohlaziyo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa, njengemibutho yenkathalo efuna inkathalo kunye namakhaya onyango aphakathi komguli, ukuphucula iziphumo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali.
Iinkqubo zempilo karhulumente kunye nempilo yabemi
Amasebe ezempilo karhulumente angundoqo ekukhuseleni nasekukhuthazeni impilo yabemi bawo. Umsebenzi wawo uquka imisebenzi emininzi, uphando ngezifo nokuqhambuka kwezifo, ukukhuthaza impilo nokukhusela izifo ezingapheliyo.
Imisebenzi yempilo kawonke-wonke ye-Core
Iphondo ngalinye ligcina izibonelelo zonyango lukawonke-wonke eziquka iinkonzo zelebhu, inzululwazi yezifo zamathambo, iirekhodi ezibalulekileyo, kunye nobalo-manani lwezempilo. Le misebenzi ibalulekile ekuboneni nasekusabeleni ekuqhambukeni nasekuchaphazeleni ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezasulelayo, ukuhlola utyekelo lwezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokwazisa izigqibo zenkqubo. I-COVID-19 yabalaselisa amandla nobuthathaka kwenkqubo yezonyango karhulumente, ngelinye imo yezonyango esabela ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo ngoxa amanye amazwe ezama ukuncedisana, ukuxhasa kunye nonxibelelwano.
Amanyathelo Okukhusela Nezonyango
Amazwe asebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela ezihlasela iingcebiso eziphambili zokugula nokufa. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo zokucuba icuba ziye zaboniswa zinciphisa amaxabiso okutshaya kunye neendleko zonyango olunxulumene nayo xa zixhaswa kakuhle. Amazwe asebenzisa umdibaniso wamaphulo emfundo, iinkonzo zothintelo, kunye nemigaqo enjengerhafu yecuba kunye nemithetho yokungatshayi engenanto yokuthetha ngokusetyenziswa kwecuba. Ngokufanayo, amagunya asebenzisa iinkqubo zokuthintela ukutyeba okutyeba, amanyathelo okulawula isifo seswekile, kunye nongenelelo-onyango lwe-asvolue, ngokufuthi ngokuxhasa imali evela kwiZiko loLawulo lweDapho kunye nokhuselo (CDC).
ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko neMidlalo
Umthetho womanyano ufuna ukuba lonke urhulumente aqhube inkqubo yeMathernal neyokuphuhlisa impilo yomntwana (MCH), enika iinkonzo koomama, abantwana, nabantwana, nabafikisayo, kuquka abo baneemfuno zonyango olukhethekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekunyamekeleni abantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kokubeleka, ekutyeleleni, ekugonyeni, nasekuphuculeni. Iinkqubo ze-MCH ziqokelela kwaye zinike ingxelo yeziphumo ezingundoqo zeempawu ezifana nokufa kwabantwana, ubunzima bokuzala, kunye nobunzima bokuncancitshiswa kwebeleko, ezisetyenziselwa ukuchaza izinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nongenelelo lwexhoba.
Ukusetyenziswa kweengxaki zengqondo neenkonzo zempilo yengqondo
Ubhubhani wezifo zengqondo kunye nokwanda kwemilinganiselo yempilo yengqondo kufake iimfuno ezinyukayo kwiinkqubo zonyango lukarhulumente. Amazwe asebenzisa unyango lokuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwezifo zomzimba kunye neenkqubo zonyango, ngokufuthi asebenzisana neentlangano ezisekelwe kuluntu kunye nabasebenzi bonyango lwempilo. Amazwana amaninzi aye andisa ukufikelela kwi-naloxone, i-opioid esetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye aye asebenzisa izikhokelo eziphambili ze-opiojoids. Iinkonzo zempilo zengqondo, kuquka ungenelelo lwengxaki, ukunyanzeleka konyango olungaphaya komdla wonyango lwengqondo, zikwasetyenziswa kakhulu ngamagunya empilo yengqondo karhulumente.
Ukhuseleko lwe-inshorensi nolawulo lorhwebo
Kudala imikhosi eyintloko ye-inshorensi yempilo, indima eyaqiniswa nguMthetho we-McCarran-Ferguson ka-1945. Nangona i-Affordhable Care Act yazisa imigangatho karhulumente yezorhwebo zomntu ngamnye nezomaqela amancinci, amazwe ahlala enegunya elibalulekileyo kumgaqo we-inshorensi.
Isantya Sohlolo Nehambo Yorhwebo
Amasebe e-inshorensi ye-inshorensi yempilo karhulumente ahlola intlawulo ye-inshorensi yempilo eqinisekisa ukuba azikho ngokugqithiseleyo, azikho zingenileyo, okanye azikho semthethweni. Amazwe nawo ajonge i-inshorensi yokusombulula iingxaki, ukukhuthuza, ukuqhatha kunye nezikhalazo zabathengi. Amanye amazwe anegunya elinamandla kakhulu lokuhlola isantya sokuhlola kunezezinye, ezinokuphembelela intsingiselo neemali. Amazwe asenokubeka nemfuneko kwii-inshorensi ezinxulumene neengenelo eziyimfuneko zempilo, ugunya langaphambili, kunye nentlawulo kwiinkonzo ezithile.
Imarike neACA ezisekelwe kwiRhulumente
Ngaphantsi koMthetho we-Afford Care Care, amaphondo ayenendlela yokuseka iintengiso zawo ze-inshorensi yempilo okanye axhomekeke kwintengiso elula karhulumente. Ngonyaka wama-2024, amaphondo ali-18 kunye neSithili saseColumbia zisebenzisa ezo ntengiso, ngelixa amaphondo aseleyo esebenzisa iqonga elingurhulumente. Iintengiso ezisekelwe kurhulumente zisoloko zikwazi ukuvelisa iindlela zokufumana nokufaka isibhengezo, ukulawula umngcipheko, kunye nokubeka imilinganiselo yemimiselo yamathengiselwano ethengiswa ngemisi. Amanye amazwe aye aqalisa iinkqubo zokuzihlaziya ukuze athobeze aze aqinise iimarike zawo.
Ukhuseleko nokhuseleko
Ngaphezu kweemfuno zikarhulumente, amarhulumente amisela imithetho yawo yokukhusela abathengi kwi-inshorensi yempilo. Ezi ziquka imiyalelo yokukhutshwa kweenkonzo ezithile ezifana nokunyamekela abakhawulezileyo, unyango lwempilo yengqondo, okanye iinkonzo zokuqhamisa. Kwakhona ama-United States ayalawula ukulinganisela kwemali, iindleko zonyango, kunye nemigangatho yezobugcisa. I-No Srayss, eyasebenza ngowama-20222, inikela ukhuseleko kurhulumente ekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kwemali engalindelekilenga, kodwa imigaqo ekhoyo isenokuqhubeka idlala indima ekunyanzeni intsebenziswano kunye nezongezelelo.
Umgangatho wezonyango, ukhuseleko, nokuphendula
Oorhulumente bangundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abanyamekela impilo badlulisele ukunyanyekelwa okukhuselekileyo, okusebenzayo nokuphezulu. Oku kwenziwa ngokudibanisa iintwala, imvume, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokunika ingxelo.
Ukupheliswa Kwezibhedlele Nokuhlolwa
Izibhedlele zesebe lezonyango lesizwe zinikwa imvume yokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho karhulumente. Olu hlolo lugubungela iindawo ezinjengokulawulwa kokwasulelwa, amalungelo omguli, ulawulo lwamayeza, kunye nokulungiselelwa kongxamiseko. Amazwe asenokuhlola izikhalazo kunye neziganeko ezingezizo, kwaye anegunya lokumisela imvume, kuquka intelekelelo, ukugcinwa kwemvume, okanye ukususwa kwemvume yezomthetho. Ukuxhotyiswa kwezi zenzo zobugqeba kuyahluka ngokwahlukene kuwo onke amazwe, okuphenjelelwa ngoovimba abakhoyo kunye nezinto eziphambili kwezobupolitika.
Umgangatho wengxelo
Urhulumente omninzi ufuna izibhedlele kunye nezinye iziko zonyango ukuze anike ingxelo ngemilinganiselo yomgangatho ofana nomlinganiselo wokwasulelwa zibhedlele, amaqondo okulinganisa imvume, kunye nolwaneliseko lomntu onesigulana. Le nkcazelo isoloko ifumaneka ekuhleni ngeewebhsayithi ezisebenzisana norhulumente, ivumela abathengi ukuba bathelekise amaziko baze benze ukhetho lolwazi. Amazwe akwaba nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zomgangatho wokuxela i-Agency for Healthhatecuty Research kunye neQ (AHRQ) ukuphucula umlinganiselo kunye nokunika ingxelo.
Unyango Nokhuseleko Lomntu Onexesha Elide
Amaziko alawula imithetho yezonyango engekho mthethweni, elawula indlela abaguli abebehlelwa yingxaki yezonyango abanokufumana ngayo imbuyekezo. Amanye amaphondo aye amisela imiqathango yokulungisa iziphumo, njengemiqathango echaphazela umonakalo ongengoqoqosho, imiqathango kwimiqathango ye-gcisa, kunye nemimiselo emifutshane yemiqathango. Le mithetho yenzelwe ukunciphisa iimali ze-inshorensi engasetyenziswanga kakuhle nokugcina imekobume yempilo enetyala, kodwa ikwangumbandela wokuphikisana okuqhubekayo ngempembelelo yabo ekukhuselekeni komguli nokufikelela kwimithetho esesikweni. Kwakhona ama-United States asebenzisa iibhanki yezo zezonyango eziqokelela inkcazelo kwizinto ezifunwayo nezenzo zokuzibonelelo, nto leyo enegalelo ekunyamekeleni nasekuphuculni imigudu yokuphucula umgangatho.
Impilo elungelelanisiweyo neNtlalo eBalulekileyo
Oorhulumente banendima ebalulekileyo ekusingatheni umahluko wempilo kunye nokuthintela impilo entle ebangela ukuba abantu babe sempilweni. Ezi zinto zithintelayo ziquka izindlu, imfundo, umsebenzi, izithuthi, nokufumana ukutya okunesondlo, konke okuphenjelelwa yimigaqo karhulumente engaphaya kwenkqubo yonyango.
Ukusingatha Iingxaki Zempilo
Ukwahluka ngokweentlobo zeentlanga nezobuhlanga kwiziphumo zempilo kuyaqhubeka kulo lonke elaseUnited States, kwaye iinkqubo zikarhulumente zinokuyiphucula okanye zinciphise le migaqo-nkqubo. Amanye amazwe aye amisela iiofisi zempilo ezilungelelanisayo kwaye aphumeza iinkqubo zokunciphisa ukuhlukahlukana kwezifo ezibulalayo, izifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokufikelela kwinkathalo. Kwakhona amazwe angaqokelela aze anikele ingxelo ngeziphumo zempilo zohlanga, ubuhlanga, nezinye iimpawu zoluntu, eziyimfuneko ekukhetheni ukwahlukana kunye nokungenelela.
ISebe libonise ukuba
Ukuqonda ukuba unyango lodwa alunakuphucula iziphumo zempilo, amaphondo amaninzi ahlola iindlela zokuthetha nabanqandi boluntu ngeenkqubo zabo zeMedicaid. Oku kunokuquka ukugquma iinkonzo ezingezozamayeza ezifana nenkxaso yezindlu, uncedo lokuzondla, kunye nolawulo lwemeko. Amazwe amaninzi afumene iziphazamiso zolawulo lwamagunya ukuvavanya iindlela ezintsha, kuquka uluntu olunetyala lonyango kunye nonxulumano kunye nemibutho yentlalo. Ezi nyathelo zisentsha ngokuthelekisa, kodwa ubungqina bokuqala bubonisa ukuba ukusingatha inkxaso yezentlalo-ntle kunciphisa iindleko zonyango kunye neziphumo zokuphucula iziphumo zoluntu olufuna uncedo oluphezulu.
Ulwandiso
Inkqubo yonyango esebenzayo ifuna intsebenziswano kwiicandelo. Urhulumente anganceda abasebenzi bezonyango, abameli bezonyango, iinkonzo zoluntu, imfundo, kunye namagunya ezindlu. Amanye amaphondo amisele impilo kuzo zonke iinkqubo, ezifuna abenzi beenkqubo kwicandelo elingaphaya kwempilo ukuba baqwalasele iziphumo zempilo zezigqibo zabo. Olu hlobo lwentsebenziswano lubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ekucombululeni iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo komntwana, okuphenjelelwa ziinkqubo zemfundo yesikolo, ucwangciso lwezezondlobo yedolophu, ucwangciso lwezentlalo-ntle, kunye nokhuseleko loluntu.
Iingxaki Ezijongene Noomatshini Bonyango
Ngelixesha oorhulumente benegunya elithe kratya kunye nobuchule bokwenza ukhathalelo lwempilo, kwakhona bajamelana nocelomngeni oluzinzileyo olunokuzimisela ubuchule babo. Olu celomngeni lufuna uqhutyo olunobuchule kwaye lusoloko lufuna ukunqandwa korhwebo phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo.
IiNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo kunye neeNkxaso zoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali
Unyango luyenye yezinto ezinkulu ezidityanisiweyo zoqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, ezidla ngokukhuphisana nemfundo, ezothutho, kunye nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke lwezibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo. Indleko yeMedicaid iyodwa yemali emalunga nama-30% yokuchithwa kwemali yemali yezorhwebo ngokwe-avareji. Ngexesha lokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, amaphondo ajongene nocelomngeni olubini lokufuna iMedicaid kunye nokuhla kwerhafu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizigqibo ezinzima malunga nokungabi namali eninzi, inzuzo, kunye nokuhlawulela imali. Amanye amazwe aye amkela imali yemini kunye nezinye iindlela zokulawula le-Genethi, kodwa iingcinezelo zoqingqo-mali ziyaqhubeka zikho.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika Nokungalawuleki Komgaqo - siseko
Inkqubo yolawulo lwezonyango idla ngokuphikisana nezopolitiko, kwaye utshintsho kulawulo lwezorhulumente lungakhokelela ekutshintsheni kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, isigqibo sokwandisa iMedicaid siye saba ngumba ophambili wolawulo lwedemokhrasi, kunye neemeko zokuyandisa ukuthambeka kulawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nokungabikho kwexesha lokunyuka kwemiqathango yamazwe acebe iRiphabliki. Oku kuthatyathwa kwe-Riphabliki. Kungenza inkqubo yokungazinzi, kuyenze kube nzima kubaxhasi-zempilo, izigulana, nezigulana ukuceba ikamva. Kukwakwathintela imigudu yokufikelela izivumelwano kwimibango entsonkomfa yomthetho, umgaqo wokuqhelisela iziyobisi, umgaqo wokuqhelisela inkqubo yeklijiko, kunye nomgaqo we-teledimedine.
Ukungabikho Kwamandla Omsebenzi Nokusasazwa
Amazwe amaninzi ajongene nokunqongophala kweengcali zezonyango, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nezingasetyenziswayo. Oku kunqongophala kuchaphazela ukufikelela kwinkathalo ephambili, iinkonzo zempilo, kunye nezonyango olukhethekileyo. Amazwe asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ukusingatha ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kuquka iinkqubo zokuhlawula imali ebolekiweyo, izikhuthazo zemfundo, kunye nokwanda koqheliselo kubongikazi nakumaziko oogqirha. Noko ke, le migudu isoloko ingenamgangatho wokuhlangabezana nemfuno, kwaye amazwe kufuneka akhuphisane neqela lamalungu azimeleyo kunye kunye necandelo lokufumana abasebenzi abanonopheli bezonyango abambalwa.
Iindleko zonyango ezinyukayo
Amaxabiso onyango ayaqhubeka enyuka ngokukhawuleza kunokwehla kwamaxabiso jikelele, ukubeka uxinzelelo kuqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, abaqeshi, kunye nabantu ngabanye. Ama-odolo anezixhobo ezisikelwe umda ukulawula iindleko ngqo, kodwa anokuphembelela ukusetyenziswa kwemali ye-Medicaid, ulawulo lwe-inshorensi, kunye namanyathelo afana nezo zonke ii-intelekelelo ezifuna izibhedlele kunye neziqinisekiso zokubhenela amaxabiso eenkonzo eziqhelekileyo, nangona iziphumo zale migaqo yokusetyenziswa kwemali yonke ehlala ingaqinisekwa.
Ukuqhatha Kwemikhwa Ekhulayo Nomgaqo - siseko Wonyango Lwezonyango Lwaseburhulumenteni
Kukho izinto eziliqela eziya zivela eziya kuguqula indima yoorhulumente belizwe ekunyamekeleni impilo kwiminyaka ezayo. Kuza kufuneka ukuba amazwe alungelelane nezi nguqulelo ngoxa eqhubeka ephumeza iimbopheleleko zawo ezingundoqo.
I-Telehealth kunye nempilo yamanani
Isifo se-COVID-19 se-telehealth sanyusa ulwamkelo lokwamkelwa kwe-telehealth, kwaye amazwe amaninzi aye amisela iinkqubo zokwandisa ukufikelela kwesona sikhathalelo. Le nkqubo iquka ukuhlawulwa kwemiqathango ye-telehealth kwiinkonzo, ukuthomalaliswa kwemiqathango ye-intanentamss, nokugqunywa kwesandi kuphela. Ukuhambela phambili, amaphondo kuya kufuneka alungelelanise iingenelo ze-telehealth nenkxalabo ngomgangatho, ubugocibo, kunye nokusebenza ngokulingana. Amanye amazwe akwaye avavanya umgaqo-nkqubo ezixhobo zonyango, kuquka ubuchule bokufakelwa kweminxeko kunye neezicelo ze-cell.
Utshintsho lokubhatala nolusekelwe kwixabiso
Amazwe anomdla ongakumbi wokufuduka kude nemodeli yokuhlawula imodeli yogcino-mali kwimiqathango esekelwe kwixabiso kumalungiselelo afunweyo anika umvuzo kunye neziphumo. Iinkqubo ze-Medicaid kumazwe amaninzi zibandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi zokubonisa ze-ografini kwaye ziphuhlisa amanyathelo azo asekelwe kwixabiso lokuthenga. Le migudu ifuna utyalo olubalulekileyo kwimiqathango yogcino-lwazi, umlinganiselo womgangatho, kunye nokubophelela. Ukuphumelela kokusebenza okuphumelelayo kungaphucula ukulungelelanisa nokucuthathiso, kodwa utshintsho luntsonkothile kwaye lufuna ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo.
Ukulungela Ungxamiseko Lwempilo Yoluntu
Isifo se-COVOID-19 esibhenca ubungozi kwiinkqubo zonyango lukawonke-wonke kumgangatho wezonyango lwasekuhlaleni, kuquka ukunqongophala kwabemisebenzi, ukunqongophala kogcino-lwazi oluphelelwe lixesha. Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku afaka imali ekwakheni ubuchule bokulungisa impilo yoluntu, kuquka ubuchule belebhusayithi, kunye nezibonelelo zongxamiseko. Utyalo-mali olulungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kweZicwangciso zokuhlangula abantu baseMerika kunye nomnye umthetho luye lwanika inkxaso ethile, kodwa ukuxhasa ezi nkqubela kuya kufuna ukunikezelwa okuqhubekayo kwemeko.
Ukuqokelelwa kwempilo nogcino-lwazi
Kukho ukuvunywa okukhulayo kokuthi ukufikelela iziphumo ezingcono zempilo kufuna ukuhlangabezana nokungalingani kwenkqubo. Amazwana aphucula ubuchule bawo bokuqokelela nokuhlalutya inkcazelo engokwahluka kwezempilo, kwaye amaninzi amisela amaxhoba angqalileyo okuncitshiswa kokwahlukana kwiindawo ezinjengokufa koomama, ukufa kwabantwana, kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo. Amanye amaphondo aye amisela iinkqubo zempilo zezenkcubeko kwaye adibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo kwinkqubela-nkqubo kuwo onke amaqela.
Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Kokhokelo LukaRhulumente
Urhulumente unegunya eliphambili kwinkqubo yonyango lwaseMerika, elawula imithetho yokunyamekela izibonelelo, iimarike ze-inshorensi, impilo kawonke-wonke, kunye neMedicaid. Izigqibo zabo zineziphumo ezithe ngqo nezinokuthwaliswa kwimpilo nakwintlalo-ntle yabemi babo. Ngoxa amazwe ejongene neengxaki eziphawulekayo eziquka ukunqandwa kwemiqathango yezopolitiko, ukunqongophala kwezobupolitika, nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, kwakhona banamathuba okuvelisa nokukhokela kwiindawo ezinjengexabiso, i-teleathth, kunye nempilo.
Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi, ukuqonda indima yoorhulumente belizwe kulungiselela inkqubo yokuhlola impilo nokukhuthaza inkqubela. Ukuhluka-hluka kwemeko yesizwe kukwanikela nelaboratori yendalo yokufunda oko kusebenzayo nokungekhoyo, ukuvelisa ubungqina obunokwazisa inkqubo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente. Njengoko ulawulo lwezonyango luqhubeka luguquka, oorhulumente baya kuhlala bebalulekile ekulandeleni inkqubo yezonyango efikelelekayo, efikelelekayo, nelungelelanisiweyo kubo bonke abantu.
Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwinkqubo yonyango lwemeko-ntle, tyelela Kaiser Family Foundation inkqubo yonyango yesizwe , iNgqungquthela yesizwe yemithetho yezonyango yesizwe yecandelo lempilo yezwe, kunye ne [[FLT:]] izibandezi zeMedicare & Mdicaid Services Mdicaid [iphepha le-].