Ukwazisa: Ulawulo loluntu

Ulawulo lwedemokhrasi luxhomekeke kumthetho osisiseko: abemi banika igunya urhulumente wabo ukuze bafumane ulawulo olufanelekileyo. Kwintliziyo yalo eli lungiselelo kuqwalaselwe uphando oluqhubekayo oluselubalaleni, ukuvavanywa, nokukhuphiswano ngezenzo zikarhulumente zabo. Kukude ekubeni yiyo eyedwa yongezelelo-okanye, ukuvavanya imisebenzi njengeziphethu ezidibanisa uluntu nemithetho enxulumene nayo. Xa isebenza, ibonakalisa ukonakala, ihlambulula izigqibo, kwaye yakha ukuthembeka. Xa ingekho okanye icinezelwe, ukwenza izigqibo kuba ngqiba ngqini, kwaye ekugqibeleni kubuthathaka. Eli nqaku lihlola impembelelo ekhoyo yophakaliso loluntu kwisigqibo sokwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente, iinkcukacha, iinzuzo zayo, iimeko ezizinzileyo, iingxaki ezizinzileyo, kunye nezenzo ezithenjiweyo zokuyithemba.

Imisebenzi Yophando Loluntu: Okungaphezulu Kukubukela Nje

Uphando lukawonke-wonke lusoloko luncitshiswa kumbono "wokujonga ababoniseli," kodwa imisebenzi yabo ifikelele nzulu. Embindini, ukuhlolisisa kusebenza iinjongo ezintathu ezihambelanayo: uphazamiso, ] ukwenzeka kwamanani [[, kwaye , nomgangatho ophakathi wobunjani bobunjani bobuzwe . Ukubonakala gcaba kuqinisekisa ukuba izenzo zikarhulumente ziyabonakala kwaye ziyaqondakala kubemi. Ngaphandle kolwazi olufikelelekayo, abemi abanakukwazi ukuqwalasela ukuba amagosa asebenza kwinzala kawonke-wonke. Iimeko ezithe ingcali ziguqula ukubonakala kwiziphumo ezingakumbi: abalawuli abazi izigqibo zabo baya kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, nabo bangasilela ukuphendula ngobuchule bokulungisa. Xa besebenzisa izigqibo zolwazi oluqhelekileyo, kwaye besebenzisa iinzanze zemeko ezithe ngqingqini, ezithe zingeneyo, ezithe ziphumele, ezithe ziphumele, izigqi.

Le misebenzi ayingokwenziwa nje yingcingane. Uphando oluvela kwinzululwazi yezobupolitika nakulawulo lukawonke-wonke lubonisa ukuba imigangatho ephakamileyo yokuhlola uluntu inxulumene nokunganyaniseki okusezantsi, ukusetyenziswa koluntu okunempumelelo, nolwaneliseko oluphezulu ngoncedo lukarhulumente (bona [[FLT: 0]] I-OECD Ithemba kwimiqondiso kaRhulumente[). Ngaphezu koko, uphando ludala inyathelo elichanekileyo: njengoko abemi bebona igalelo labo likhokelela ekutshintsheni, baba bathelekelele, baqinise imigangatho yedemokhrasi engakumbi.

Iintlobo zobuntlola: Eziqhelekileyo nezingacwangciswanga

Ukuqonda impembelelo yokuhlola uluntu kubandakanya iindidi ezininzi. Iinkqubo zobuchule ziquka inkululeko yolwazi, ukuva iindlebe zikawonke-wonke, uhlolo lwempembelelo echaphazelekayo, kunye neenkqubo zokuphicotha-zincwadi ezizimeleyo. Ezi zidityaniswe kumthetho kwaye zinikezele amathuba acwangcisiweyo okungamela. Iinkqubo zequmrhu, ngokwahlukileyo, ukuvela kwintlalo-ntle yabantu, ijelo-ndaba, kunye nobuchule bokwenza uphando. Ziquka ukubhaqa-zincwadi, izibongozo zoluntu, izibongozo zoluntu, kunye nemibutho yokuqhankqa. Uphando oluqhelekileyo luyimfuneko; iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zinika ugcino-ngqalelo kunye nenkxaso engokwasemthethweni, ngoxa imijelo engacwangciswanga, isenokuphendula ngokukhawuleza nokufumana iingxelo ezingekhoyo iinkqubo ezisemthethweni.

Ubuchule Bokuqaqanjelwa Nguwonke Wonke

Iingingqi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa isixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba abemi bakwazi ukuvelela ekwenzeni izigqibo zikarhulumente. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na ofuna ukomeleza ukuphendula kwedemokhrasi.

Ijelo leeNkcukacha eliBalulekileyo

Izixhobo zokuhambisa ulwazi ezikhululekileyo nezizimeleyo zisesona sithuthi sinamandla esiqhelekileyo sokuhlola uluntu. Iintatheli ezichaphazelekayo zityhila ububi, zihlalutya iimpembelelo zenkqubo, kunye neenkxalabo zolwamkelo lommi. Ubuchule bokupapasha ngaphandle kohlalutyo lorhulumente busisixhobo sokuphendula ngokwedemokhrasi. Noko ke, ukuphumelela kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nenkululeko yomhleli, iimodeli, kunye nemigaqo esemthethweni yokukhusela impendululo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunyuka kwamajelo eendaba kuye kwaqinisa kwaza kwavavanya kwaye kwavavanya ubume bemi obuqhelekileyo bokubika kodwa kwakwahlula ingqalamane inte nenkohliso. [[FTLT:] Reuters Institute Digificity News [[FLT]]

Inkululeko Yolwazi Nenkcazelo Evulekileyo

I-Acception kulwazi olubanjwa ngurhulumente lithambeko lokubonisa. Amazwe angaphezu kwe-120 aye amisela inkululeko yolwazi (FOI), enika abemi ilungelo lokucela amaxwebhu, i-data, kunye nothungelwano lwangaphakathi. Le mithetho inika iingcukachoyi, abaphandi, nabaxhasi amandla okugcina oorhulumente benobuza ngetyala. Ukuququzelela i-FOI kuvule amanyathelo ogcino-data avulekileyo okupapasha ii-data ezingoqingqwa, izivumelwano, ukuhlola imekobume yendalo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Ukuchongwa Kwabantu Bonke Nokuxilongwa

Phambi kwezigqibo ezingundoqo . "ezinjengeeprojekthi zezibonelelo, imimiselo edlulisayo, okanye ukumisela uqingqo-mali , okanye uqingqo-mali oluqhelekileyo oluvalela uluntu okanye olujongana namaxesha. Ezi ziganeko zinika abemi ilizwi elingqalileyo, zibavumela ukuba banikele ubungqina, baphakamise iimpikiswano, kwaye bacebise ezinye iindlela. Ukukhangelwa okunempumelelo kungaphezulu kuneenkqubo zokulawula ibhokisi: zifuna ingqwalasela eyaneleyo, iifomati ezifikelelekayo, nokusabela okunyanisekileyo. Xa zisenziwa, ziphucula inkqubo yokwenziwa kunye nolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo. Xa zisenza gwenxa, zivelisa iingcungcuthezo.

Umthetho wokwenza izinto zobuzwe nowokusebenza kwamanani

Iplatform efana ne Twitter, Facebook, ne Whats App iguqule isantya kunye nomlinganiselo wokuhlola uwonke-wonke. Ipost yentsholongwane enye inganyanzela urhulumente ukuba aguqule isigqibo, aqalise uphengululo, okanye anikezele uxolelo lukawonke-wonke. Izixhobo zokunxibelelana zinciphisa umqobo wokuthabatha inxaxheba, zibangela amaqela asezantsi avakalise inkxalabo yokuba amajelo-mente angayihoya. Noko ke, imigangatho efanayo inokwenza ukukhathazwa kwengxwaleko, kwaye yenza amagumbi okukhupha isandi. Ucelomngeni lolawulo lwedemokhrasi kukubopha amandla ombane ezixhobo zombane xa kusenziwa iziphumo zawo eziyingozi kwingxoxo.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko: Xa Uhlolisiso Lwaguqula Ikhondo Lezigqibo Zikarhulumente

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela uphando lukawonke-wonke olunokuyiguqula ngayo indlela yokuziphatha kukarhulumente. La matyala adlula kumaxesha awahlukeneyo, amazwe, kunye nemimandla yezomgaqo-siseko, kodwa abelane ngomsonto omnye: abemi abaxhobe ngenkcazelo nokuzimisela banyanzele abo banegunya ukuba benze okuthile.

Igemfe Yamanzi: IJournalism njengenja egadweyo

Mhlawumbi owona mzekelo ubalulekileyo wokuhlola uwonke wonke lihlazo leWatergate ka 1972-1974. Ukuphuka-ngaphakathi kwikomkhulu leKomiti yesizwe yeDemocratic, kulandelwa ngumthetho ogqumayo nguMongameli Richard Nixon, wabhen ekhutshwa ngobuchule yintatheli Bob Woodward kunye noCarl Bernstein iThe Washington Post[FLT]. I-Accep [FLT]. Ingxelo yabo edityanisiweyo, idityaniswe nokuchotshelwa kwetyala noxaso lukawonke, ikhokelela ekurhoxinzelweni kweNixon's's. Ihlazo eziphambili, kuquka nemithetho yezezentengiso, imithetho yemithetho yezemali, kunye nokudalwa kweziluleko ezizimeleyo. Watergatelvelve ibonisa ukuba ukuhlolwa kwabo, ukusetyenziswa ngokuthembeka kwana kwawona manani amakhulu, kwaye kudityaniswa nendima ye-odbugracracism.

Ingxaki Yamanzi Emaxongo: Umthetho Nempilo Kawonke - wonke

Ngo-2014, isixeko saseFlint, eMichigan, satshintshela kumthombo waso wamanzi kuMlambo iFlint njengomlinganiselo obiza imali. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, abemi banikela ingxelo yokungawasebenzisi amanzi amibalabala, amaqunube, kunye nokugula. Abaxhasi boluntu kunye neqela labaphandi baseVirginia Tech baqhutywa nguGqr. Marc Edwards .exjogn eqhuba uvavanyo oluzimeleyo, ebonakalisa umgangatho ophezulu welothetho emanzini. Nangona ukukhankanywa kuqala ngamagosa aseburhulumenteni, ukukhutshwa koondaba, ukukhutshwa kwesa, kunye nobungqina benzululwazi banyanzelisa ukuvunywa kwemeko yengozi. Urhulumente wavakalisa ukuba kukho imeko yengozi, ibhotile, kwaye waqalisa ulungiso olude. Imeko lweFlin ichaza indlela yokuhlola ngokuhlola kubemi abaqhelekileyo, iingcali bezixhobo zekhompyutha, xa i-thenwa ngoothe ofisi ye-ofisi yezo

Impendulo ye-COVID-19 yePandemic: Ukubonakalisa ngaphaya kolu tshintsho kunye nokuthembana

Isifo se-CHOVID-19 esigqugqise phantsi kokungaqiniseki okugqithisileyo. Amazwe anezithethe ezinamandla zokuhlola uwonke-wonke . njengaseNew Zealand, uMzantsi Korea, kunye neJamani.

Ucelomngeni Lokuphanda Okuphumelelayo Kuwonke - wonke

Nakuba iluncedo, uphando lukawonke wonke lunokuphazamisana nocelomngeni olunokubangelwa yiyo.

Ulwazi oluninzi kunye nolawulo lwezijungqu

Iminyaka yemichiza iphuphume ulwazi, ikwenza kube nzima ukwahlula imithombo ethembekileyo kwimposiso. Ngokusuka kulwazi, ucalucalulo olufana nokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu unetyala, apho abantu bafuna ulwazi oluvumelana neenkolelo zabo ezikhoyo. /ekuthinteleni ukuvavanywa kokukhuthaza incoko eyakhayo. Endaweni yoko, abemi bangayekelela kwigumbi lesandi, baqinise intelekelelo ngaphandle kokuphucula ukuphendula. Ukurhoxisa ulwazi kufuna ukuveliswa kwemfundo yolwazi kwimithombo yezixhobo zemfundo nokubhala phantsi.

Ukungawazi Kakuhle Nemibutho Yokungawazi Inkcazelo

Ubuxoki obungalawulekiyo obusasazwa kwi-intanethi bungadambisa iziphumo ezintle zokuxilonga. (ii-malders) eziquka oorhulumente bangaphandle, oorhulumente bezopolitiko, izilangazelelo zezorhwebo) , ii-bot, iingxelo zenkohliso, kunye namajelo eendaba asetyenziswayo ukuhlwayela ukudideka, ukuhlazisa iinja ezibukhali ezisemthethweni, nokubeka uluvo loluntu ngokwahlukeneyo. Xa abemi bengenakuvumelana ngezibakala, uhlolisiso luba luxhotyiswe kunokuba lwakhe. Iinkampani, oomatshini, kunye noluntu kufuneka basebenzisane ekuboneni kwaye bachasane ngokukhuselwa kokuzinzisa.

IMiqobo Esemthethweni Neyombutho

Ubuchule busebenza kuphela xa abemi benelungelo lokufumana ulwazi kunye namandla okufuna iimpendulo. Ngelishwa, oorhulumente abaninzi bamisela imiqobo engokwasemthethweni: ukwahlulwa kwamaphepha, ukukhuselwa kweminxeba ebuthathaka, imithetho engqongqo eyoyikisa iintatheli, kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokuqhayisa. Ngaphezu koko, amaqumrhu azimeleyo okuvelela (njengezigqeba okanye abachopheli-zincwadi) asenokungabi namali eyaneleyo okanye amazinyo asemthethweni. Ukuqinisa uphando kufuna utshintsho lomthetho kunye nokuzinikela kwenkcubeko ekuboneni.

Ukungakhathali Kwemimi Nokudinwa

Uphando lufuna ixesha, amandla, kunye nobuchule bemvakalelo. Xa abemi bevakalelwa kukuba imigudu yabo ayitshintshi, bayadideka. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kumongo apho iimpendulo zikarhulumente zokuhlola zicotha, zingekho mthethweni, okanye zinika isohlwayo. Ukuvutha komoya phakathi kwabaxhasi kunye neentatheli kungenza buthathaka ngakumbi kwindalo. Ukuxhasa ukuganana, oorhulumente kunye nabantu kufuneka babonise ukuba uphando lukhokelela kwiinguqulelo ezinenjongo, kungekhona nje kwizenzo zobugqhinga.

Iindlela Zokomeleza Ubuchule Bokufikelela Kubantu Ngezo Zigqibo Zikarhulumente

Amanyathelo anokuthathwa kumanqanaba amaninzi — ngoorhulumente, abantu, amajelo eendaba kunye nabantu ngabanye — ukunyusa ifuthe lophando lukawonke-wonke ekwenzeni izigqibo.

Ukuxhasa Ulawulo Oluvulekileyo Lukarhulumente

Oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele iingxelo ezivulekileyo zogcino-lwazi, ezipapashiweyo ngokuqhubekayo (iingxelo, izivumelwano, imvume yokusingqongileyo, iirekhodi zovota lomthetho), kwaye baqinisekise ukuba idata ifumaneka lula kwaye iphengululwa lula. Inkululeko yezicelo zolwazi kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza nangemirhumo emincinane. Amaqumrhu okulawula azimeleyo, afana nee-ambumbus, afuna ugcino olwaneleyo kunye nenkululeko esemthethweni. Ulawulo loRhulumente oluvulekileyo lunika amazwe isakhiwo sokuguqula umva nokungahambi komthetho, nokusebenzisana komsebenzi olungileyo.

Inkxaso yejenali-manani neNkxaso yeNkcubeko

Ekubeni beyiqonda indima ebalulekileyo yesixhobo sokusasaza iindaba, oorhulumente kufuneka baphephe imithetho ehlab'indawo ethintela ukunikelwa kwengxelo kwaye endaweni yoko banikele ngokusemthethweni kwiintatheli. Iimodeli zenkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke, njengemali enikwa amagumbi okugcina ingeniso, inceda ukuxhasa ubundixesha bokuphanda kwimimandla engaphantsi kwesebe. Iinkqubo zokoqobo kunye neenkqubo zolwazi-ndaba kufuneka zixhaswe ukunceda abemi basekuhlaleni bafumane ulwazi olusingqongileyo. Imisebenzi yenkcubeko phakathi kweendaba kunye nebutho labemi (umz., amajelo manani ogcino-lwazi) anokuvelisa uphando oluphezulu.

Yakha Imijelo Enentsingiselo

Ngaphandle kokuchongwa okusesikweni, oorhulumente kufuneka bazame izixhobo zedemokhrasi ezidemokhrasi ezifana neendibano zabemi, uqingqo-mali olunika ingxubusho, kunye neeplatfomu ze-intanethi. Ezi ndlela zinika abemi abaqhelekileyo indima ecwangcisiweyo ekulungiseni izigqibo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukujonga akusebenzi nje kuphela kodwa kuyasebenza. Xa abathathi-nxaxheba bebona iingcebiso zabo zikho, ukuthemba kule nkqubo kuyakhula.

Iphulo

Ekugqibeleni, uphando lusebenza kakhulu xa lusekelwe kumgangatho wamaziko karhulumente. Oku kufuna ukuba abasebenzi basekuhlaleni baqeqeshelwe iimfanelo zokubonisana, imigaqo yokuziphatha, nokubaluleka kokuzibandakanya nokuphendula kukawonke-wonke. Iinkokeli zezobupolitika kufuneka zixele ngokuvuma iimpazamo nokuchaza izigqibo ekuhleni. Abavuzi-zingci abavuthelayo ngokukhusela nangokwazisa, kunokuba baziphindezeli, bakhuthaza abangaphakathi ukuba baxele ukunganyaniseki.

Isiphelo: Amandla Ahlala Ehleli Eliso Loluntu

Uphando lukawonke-wonke asikokunganyaniseki kolawulo-lawulo-bume olutyebileyo; luyimfuneko esisiseko kulo naluphi na urhulumente othi ukhonza abantu bakhe. Ubungqina bucacile: xa abemi benezixhobo, amalungelo, kunye nentshukumisa yokuhlola iinkokeli zabo, ukubonakala komgangatho wokwenza izigqibo kuyaphucula. Imbali inciphisa ubuqhetseba, ikhuthaza ukuthembana, kwaye igalelo likawonke-wonke libangela ukuba oorhulumente baqhubeke besenza imigaqo elungeleleneyo. Kodwa ukuhlola akumele kuzenzekele kwaye kukhuselwe ukulwa kwemigudu yokuwonakalisa. Ukusukela kwilifa le-Watergate ukuya kwizifundo zeFlint neCHOVAD, imbali ibonisa ukuba ubuchule obuthenjiweyo, ukuthenjiswa kukarhulumente, ukuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente baqhubekisela phambili ukwenza ngobulungisa, ukurhwahwala, nokuzinza kwezobupolitika kwezobupolitika, kodwa ucelomngeni olungaphezulu kwethuba lokulawula i-Cequat.