Indima KaKomeito Ekunyuseni Umhlaba Wehlabathi Wasemva Kwemfazwe YaseJapan

Ukususela ekusungulweni kwalo ngo 1964, uKomeito uye waguquka ukusuka kwiqela elincinci elisekelwe kunqulo ukuya kwiqabane elingumbutho osisigxina elincedise ekuchazeni ulwalathiso lwezopolitiko lwamaJapan lwasemva kwemfazwe. Impembelelo kaKomeito esekelwe kwintlangano yamaBhuda iSoka Gakai, isoloko ixhasa imvelaphi yentlalo-ntle-ntle yabantu, kunye nempembelelo ekhoyo yehlabathi ekulawuleni. Ngelinye ixesha iLiberal Democratic Party (LDP), impembelelo kaKomeito iye yaba yeyona iphambili kwimimandla esusela kwinkcazelo yemithetho-mzikomfantu. Ukuqonda imvelaphi yeqela, ingqiqo, impembelelo yoluntu, kunye nempembelelo yokwenene yomhlaba ibalulekile ekuqondeni amandla kwezobupolitika zale mihla.

Imvelaphi Nesiseko

Komeito iingcambu zilandela emva kwiKomei Political Federation, eyayilwa ngo1961 ngamalungu eSoka Gakkai, umbutho wobuBhuda waseNichiren owafumana ulwando oludubulayo emva kwemfazwe phantsi kokhokelo lweDaisaku Ikeda. Ngo1964, ulwandiso olusemthethweni lwaba yiKomeito (iPhondo likaRhulumente eliNgqongqo"). Iqonga lokuqala leqela lagxininisa “i-soshiyalishopu engokobuntu” esekelwe kwimigaqo yamaBhuda yokuhlonipha ubomi kunye nemvilaniso. Abasunguli bayo babenombono wesithathu kwezobupolitika zamaJapan ezazizakwala ukulwa kwezamanani kunye nezobupolitiki ezihambayo.

Eli qela lakhawuleza lafumana igalelo phakathi kwabavoti basedolophini abanganelisekanga kukudibana okuzinzileyo kwe-LDP noshishino olukhulu kunye nengcamango engqongqo yeQela lobuSoka Gakkai. Ngokuxhathisa i-Web site yamakholwa kwilizwe lonke, uKomeito wabophelela izihlalo ezingama-25 kwiNdlu yabameli kunyulo lwayo lokuqala ngo1967. Oku kwakhawuleza kwayiphazamisa i-LDP, eyayibona elo qela njengelinokuba liphangaphanga. Ngoo1970 kunye no 1980, uKomeito wagcina ubukho obungaguquguqukiyo kwiDiet, ngokufuthi ebambe umlinganiselo wamandla kukhetho lwawo lokuqala.

Imigaqo Engachananga Nemimiselo

Ingcamango kaKomeito kukuxuba imilinganiselo yobuBhuda, iPragmatic Centreism, kunye nesibopho esinamandla sokudambisa imfazwe. Eli qela lichaza intanda-bulumko yalo ngokuthi “kukungalawuleki kwelizwe,” ukugatya ubuCwangcisi bobupolitika obungalawulekiyo kunye nemigaqo-siseko karhulumente. Imigaqo engundoqo iquka:

  • I-Pacifism kunye ne-Anti-Militarism: iKomeito ngokuqhubekayo ichasene nakuphi na ukutolikwa kwakhona kweGatya 9 eliya kuvumela iJapan ukuba ibandakanyeke kwiqela elisisigxina lomkhosi okanye kwisenzo somkhosi esipheleleyo. Iqela lijonga imfazwe njengechasene nentlonelo yobuBhuda ngobomi kwaye liphikisane nokuba ukhuseleko lwamaJapan lufanele lusekelwe kulawulo kunye nentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Sucial Welfare kunye nokungalingani: Abameli beqela bomsebenzi wolawulo lwempilo jikelele, ukukhuliswa kwabantwana, ukukhathalelwa kwabadala, kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa ubuhlwempu. Iye yaba lilizwi elikhokelayo kwimigaqo exhasa oomama abangatshatanga, abantu abaneziphene, kunye nabambalwa ababububunzi.
  • Unikezelo kunye namalungelo abantu: Isiseko sogxininiso lukaSoka Gakkai kwimfundo evelisa ixabiso, iKomeito ityhalele utshintsho lwemfundo olukhuthaza ukucinga okunengcebiso kunye nenkqubela-phambili yokuziphatha. Ikwasebenza ngokusebenza kumthetho ochasene nongquzulwano.
  • Ukhuseleko lwe-Environmental: Ngelixesha lingasoloko livelele, iqela liye laxhasa inyathelo eliluhlaza elifana nenkxaso-mandla ehlaziyekayo kunye nolawulo longcoliso olungqongqo.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ukunxibelelana kukaKomeito noSoka Gakkai kuye kwaba ngamandla nomthombo wempikiswano. Abahlalutyi batyhola iqela lokuba linqwelo - mafutha yentlangano yonqulo ejongene nemicimbi yezobupolitika, ngoxa abaxhasi belijonga njengeqela lengca yokwenene. Iqela lahlukane ngokusesikweni noSoka Gakkai ngowe - 1970 ukuze licombulule inkxalabo ezinjalo, kodwa amaqhina entlangano ahlala esondele.

Imisebenzi yezopolitiko nokubonelela

Indima ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko yaba liqabane elingumnqophiswano. Emva kotshintsho lwenkqubo yonyulo lonyaka ka-1994, eyazisa imimandla edibeneyo kunye nomelo lolwahlulo, amaqela amancinane anjengoKomeito afumanisa kunzima ukusinda yedwa. Ngo-1999, eli qela lenza umbutho ongokwembali ne-LDP, oye wanyamezela , ngemingxube yamaxesha athile.

Isivumelwano siluncedo ngamacala onke. I-LDP ifumana umbutho othembekileyo onokuhambisa izigidi zamavoti kuthungelwano lwe-Soka Gakkai, ingakumbi ngokwezithintelo zolwahlulo lomelo. UKomeito, ngokulandelelana, uxhaswe yinkqubo. Ngokutshintshisana ngenkxaso yayo, iqela likhusele ulwando lwentlalo-ntle, ukuxhasa imfundo, kunye nokungaqiniseki kolwando lomkhosi. Umzekelo, ukunyanzeleka kukaKomeito ekuthinteleni ukulawulwa kwemibutho yamazwe aphesheya kweJapan kucetyiswe umthetho wokugcina uxolo.

UElectorinly, Komeito ugcine isiseko esizinzileyo sezihlalo ezimalunga nama-25-30 kwiNdlu yabameli kunye no-15-20 kwiNdlu yamaBhunga. Ukuvota kwakhe kunegalelo ekumeleni okulungelelanisiweyo kudla ngokungqinelana phantse no 5-6%. Ukuzivotelwa kweqela, okusoloko kulawulwa ngezahlulo zasekuhlaleni zeSoka Gakkai, kuqinisekisa ukuba unyuso oluphezulu kunyuso, kwanangexesha lehloko lokhuthuko olusezantsi lweLDP.

Impembelelo kumgaqo-nkqubo wokhuselo nokhuseleko

Akukho ndawo apho impembelelo kaKomeito yaziswe kakhulu kunenkqubo yokuzikhusela. Njengoko iJapan yayijamelene nezisongelo ezinyukayo kwiinkqubo zezixhobo ezitshuliweyo zaseMntla Korea kunye nokhuthuzo lomkhosi waseTshayina, urhulumente weLDP onyanzelwayo wanyanzelela ukuma komkhosi onamandla. Komeito wasebenza njengebreki, enyanzelisa ngokungqongqo ekunamatheleni kumthetho-siseko kwimikhosi ehlangeneyo.

Ngo-2014, iKhomishinala yeQumrhu elilawulayo uShinzo Abe lachazwa kwakhona iGatya 9 ukuvumela ukususwa kweqela elisikelwe umda, ukufuduka okulinganiselweyo koKomeito okwamkeleke emva kwengxoxo yexesha lonyaka. Iqela lakhuseleka kwiimeko eziliqela: iJapan ingasebenzisa amandla kuphela xa uhlaselo kuhlanga olumanyeneyo lusongela ukusinda kwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kufuneka kulungelelaniswe kwaye kulinganiselwe, kwaye ukuvunywa kwepalamente kuyafuneka nakweyiphi na imposiso. IKomeito yanyanzelela ukuba i-Uwe-Defense Imikhosi yaphesheya ihlale ibophelele kwimisebenzi engekho kwicala le-Ambati ekwayo njengenkxaso nenkxaso yoncedo.

Oku kulalanisa kookrubhawu abaphazamisekileyo phakathi kwe-LDP ababefuna ukuphinda-phinda ngokupheleleyo kweQumrhu 9, kodwa kwakhona kwakhusela iJapan ekutyibilikeni kwimo yokhuseleko enobundlobongela. Indima yeKomeito njenge- “gada" iphawulwe ngokubanzi ngabahlalutyi bemithetho yelizwe. IBhunga elikwi-Magnoreans liye labalaselisa indlela yokuzikhusela ngenkathalo iJapan kwizivumelwano. [ Ngokufanayo, i-East Asia] iphawule ukuba amandla eqela eli-Fotomu aye agxininisa ngayo ekuthinteleni ukunqongophala kwemikhosi yezonophelelo .

Kwakhona eli qela lachasa unyuso lwezixhobo zaseJapan ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokumiswa kweziseko ezisisigxina phesheya. Ukunyanzeliswa kwazo kwizisombululo zobuzwe ngaphambili kuye kwakhokelela eJapanni ekulondolozeni umanyano oluqinileyo lwezoqoqosho neTshayina kwanjengokuba inkxwaleko yokhuseleko iye yanyuka. ISikhundla sikaKomeito sivakala ngenxalenye ebalulekileyo kawonke-wonke wamaJapan ehlala ingenamdlalwano emva komonakalo weMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Iminikelo Engokwasentlalweni Nakwezoqoqosho

IKomeito ishiye uphawu lwayo olunamandla kwimigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya. Iqela liye laba ngumxhasi ozinzileyo wokwandisa ukhuseleko lwamaJapan, ngokufuthi linyanzelisa imithetho ethi i-LDP ilibazise.

  • Ulwandiso lokujonga abantwana njengeendleko zomntwana: Komeito ngempumelelo utyhalelwa kuMthetho wokuxhasa umntwana noMntwana (202) kwaye ngokulandelayo uqeqesho olukhululekileyo lokuya kwisikolo sabantwana abaneminyaka engama-3-5. Eli qela laxhasa umthetho wokunciphisa uluhlu lokulinda imihla.
  • I- Ukunyamekela nokukhathalela okuKhulu: Eli qela laxhasa ukusungulwa kwenkqubo ye-inshorensi yexesha elide lokunyamekela iintsapho ngowama- 2000 kwaye liye lalwa nokunqanda ukusikwa kwiinkonzo zonyango. Likwanyanzelela ukubonelela uncedo lwenkxaso-mali yonyango lokungaqhami.
  • [[NTLT: 0] Ubuhlwempu Ubuninzi:[ iKomeito iye yaluncedo ekumiseleni utshintsho loKhuselo loMgaqo-nkqubo weLiveliod Law ukwenza intlalo-ntle ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwiintsapho ezinomzali omnye, ezikhubazekileyo, nabangamahlwempu asebenzayo. Yadala inkqubo “yentlalo-ntle yabantwana” ukubonelela inkathalo yokwexeshana kubantwana abaxhatshazwayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Amalungelo oMdatha: Eli qela liye lakhokela kwimicimbi echaphazela uluntu lwase-Burakumn eJapan, lidlulisa imithetho yokuphelisa ucalucalulo kwizindlu nasemsebenzini. Likwaxhasa amanyathelo okukhusela amaqela oluntu aseAinu kunye naseRyukyuan.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imfundo: Komeito ikhuthazwa ukuncitshiswa kobukhulu bodidi kwizikolo ezisisiseko kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwabafundi baseyunivesithi abafumana imali ephantsi. Kwakhona iqela liye lakuchasa ngamandla ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwemfundo yokuziphatha njengombandela onyanzelekileyo, ukoyika ukuba ingasetyenziswa ukukhuthaza ubuzwe.

Le nkqubo ibonisa impembelelo yemigaqo yobuBhuda yemfesane kunye nemithetho esesikweni yentlalo. Inkxalabo kaKomeito “yokukhulisa ixabiso” (sōka), ingcamango evela kuSoka Gakai umseki wesitsha uTsunesauro Makiguchi, iye yaguqula indlela yokuzijonga. Iqela lisoloko lilawula imigaqo yalo ukukhusela isidima sobomi, ingcamango ehambisana nesiseko sonqulo lwalo.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Ngaphandle kwempumelelo yayo, uKomeito ujongene nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxinana phakathi kobukho bawo bokuchasa umkhosi kunye nemfuno yolawulo olumanyeneyo. Njengoko izisongelo zokhuseleko zisanda, iqela liye lalalanisa kwimigaqo engundoqo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekungavumelani kwangaphakathi nasekukhukulisweni ngokuthe ngcembe komfanekiso walo ochasene ne-militaris phakathi kwabavoti abaselula.

Ulwalamano olusondeleyo noSoka Gakkai lukwadala i-vneribitis. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukunyaniseka kweqela okuphambili kukumbutho wonqulo kunokuba kube kovotelwa. Ngoxa i-soka Gakkai ilungiselela, ikwamisela uKumeito isibheno ngaphaya kwesiseko sakhe. Iqela liye lazama ukutsala abantu abazimeleyo okanye abavoti behlabathi, kwaye inkxaso yalo ihlala ixhaswe kwimimandla yasedolophini enamalungu aphezulu eSoka Gakkai.

Izicwangciso zobukho belizwe ziphakamisa olunye ucelomngeni. Njengokuba iminyaka yobudala baseJapan kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni ekhutshwayo, iSoka Gakkai , encochoyi phakathi kwezizukulwana ezalupheleyo .-i-Gaks-ase-iii. Eli qela liye lazama ukunyusa umtsalane walo ngokugxininisa imicimbi yentlalo-ntle-ntle-ntle jikelele, kodwa ngaphandle kwentlangano yothungelwano lobuBhuda, kunganzima ukumelana nokuzimela. [FLD:] Japhani Times yaphawula ukuba iKomeito''''''' i-vital' idioce idie ngokuqhubekayo inxulumene nomanyano lwe-LDP-P.

Okunye ukugxekwa kukukungabi nazintsebenziswano kweqela. Kulo mnqongo-siseko, iKomeito isoloko ibambezela i-LDP kwindawo yokuqala kwimigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu, ukuhlaziywa, kunye nemicimbi yangaphandle. Ngoxa iye yakhupha imvume ekuhlawuleni inkcitho yoluntu, iye yasilela ukuthintela amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela adityanisiweyo. Umthetho wokhuseleko wonyaka wama-2015, owandisa umlinganiselo we-SDF, wagqithiswa phezu kwako nje ukuchaswa kukaKomeito. Abavoti abaninzi bajonga iqela njengeqabane elincinci ekugqibeleni kwe-LDP izigqibo ze-LDP.

Amathemba Exesha Elizayo

Indima kaKomeito ngaphambili, iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi zezobupolitika zaseJapan. Ukuba umbutho kufuneka uhambe ujonge ixesha lasemva kwe-Abe, apho i-LDP isenokukulungela ukuhlaziya umgaqo-siseko. Umphathi-mikhosi uFumio Kisida ubonise indlela yokusondela ngobulumko, kodwa amaqela alwaluko lwesizwe akwi-LDP ahlala eqinile. Ukuba i-arhentendium ifikelela kuDis, iKomeito iyakuba yeyona ibalulekileyo ekuboneni enoba uhlaziyo lugqitho kusini na. Iqela liye lathi lixhase kuphela uhlaziyo “alwelo uxolo nokhuseleko lwaseJapan, kodwa ashiye igumbi lokulungisa.

Electoricly, Komeito ingaqinisa indawo yayo ngokuya kuzaziso ezizimeleyo. Abanye abahlalutyi bacebisa ukuba iqela lingaguquka libe liqela elikhululekileyo elipheleleyo, lishiye intelekelelo yalo yonqulo ukutsala abaselula, abavoti behlabathi abanomdla kwintlalo-ntle nemekobume. Noko ke, eso sikhonkwane sijikelezo sinokuba yingozi yokuzichasa kwimo ephakathi kaSoka Gakkai.

Ukuvela kwamaqela amatsha anjengeJapan Innovation Party yeNguquko kunye neQela lokuHlaziyisisa leMigaqo-siseko laseJapan nalo lingacinezela iKomeito. Ukuba iLDP ayisafuni manani epalamente kaKomeito, ingawushiya umbutho, inyanzelisa uKomeito ukuba akhuphisane ngendlela yayo ekhethekileyo ebangela ukuba amaqela amancinane ohlwayelwe.

A yiNipton.com yaphawula ukuba ubuchule bukaKomeito bokujinga-jinga phakathi kwe-pragmat kunye nomgaqo buye baba ngundoqo ekusindeni kwayo[. Kwimekobume yezobupolitika eyaya ichazwa ngokutshintsha-tshintsha, iKomeito inokuba luncedo. Iqela lingasebenza njengebrorho phakathi kwe-LDP eqhelekileyo nenkcaso, linceda ekuncediseni ukuvumelana kwezixhobo kwimiba enzima njengohlaziyo, inkqubo yamandla, kunye nenkqubo yokuphucula uluntu.

Isiphelo

IKomeito ibingaphezulu kakhulu kunentsingiselo yentsingiselo esezantsi kwimbali yeJapan yasemva kwemfazwe. Njengeqabane elingumbutho, iye yathoba iminqweno ye-LDP, intlalo-ntle ehambele phambili, kwaye yakhusela umgaqo-siseko wemfazwe nxamnye nokuziphindekela kwayo kobundlobongela. Iziseko zayo zobuBhuda ziye zanikela isiseko sokuziphatha esicacileyo esiphembelelayo ngendlela yokuba amaqela asekuhlaleni angakhange acinge ukuba amaqela angenamsebenzi wehlabathi anokucinga ngayo. Ngaxesha linye, ukudibana kwawo ne-LDP kuye kwanyanzela ukulala, kuphazamisa ukukwazi kwayo nokuzimela kwayo kwaye kusikelwe ukuzimela kwayo. Njengoko iJapan ingena kwixesha elitsha locelomngeni lokhuseleko nokuwohloka, ikamva likaKomeito lizakuba luvavanyo lokuba ngaba iqela elincinane eliziindawo ezinyobelekileyo kwezonqulo zingaqhubeka ukubumba imonga yezobupolitika. Nokuba yintoni na, iziphumo zayo njengelifazamkelo loxolo, i-ntlanganiso yentlalo, iJapan ilungelelaniso, i-genobuthe i-gest.