Ukwazisa

Urhulumente ozinzileyo wenza indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni uxolo nozinzo emva kwesivumelwano sezobupolitika. Ngokususa amagunya athile kulawulo olusembindini ukuya koorhulumente bengingqi okanye basekuhlaleni, izakhiwo ezikhutshweyo zinceda ukusingatha izikhalazo zasekuhlaleni, ukukhuthaza ukufakwa, kunye nokwenza iinkqubo zolawulo eziya kulwa nolwahluko oluninzi kubemi abahlukeneyo. Kwimeko-bume zasemva kokugcina i-— apho ukuthembana phakathi kwamaqela kungachachachacha, kwaye ingozi yokubuyela kwingxabano ihlala iphezulu i— indaleko inika isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokulawula ukungavisisani ngokwendlela zolawulo ezisetyenziswa ziququququze zize zivukele.

Izivumelwano zoxolo ziquka ukwenziwa kolawulo olufanelekileyo okanye ukwenziwa kwemida kusoloko kubandakanya amalungiselelo okulawula ulawulo lwegunya okanye ulawulo lwengingqi kuba ezi nkqubo zivumela amaqela alwayo ngaphambili ukuba asebenzise ukulawula izinto ezichaphazela izalathiso zawo ngqo. Xa uluntu luvakalelwa kukuba izilangazelelo zalo zime kwinkqubo yolawulo, azinakukhetha iindlela ezithe kratya ukuze aphumeze usukelo lwalo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela urhulumente oye wahluliwe anegalelo ngayo ekulondolozeni uxolo emva kwesivumelwano, iindlela ezisebenza ngazo, ucelomngeni olubhekene nalo, kunye namaqhinga alwenza luphumelele ngayo.

Ukuqonda Urhulumente Owathi Wanenkcitho

Urhulumente okhutshwayo ubhekisela ekudlulisweni komthetho wokulawula kumazwe asemaphakathi kurhulumente ombindi-phakathi ukuya kumaqumrhu eengingqi okanye asekuhlaleni. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zorhulumente, apho amandla abekwe ngokwemGaqo-siseko kwimigangatho emininzi, ukukhutshwa kotshintsho kudla ngokunikezelwa ngomthetho odluliswe yipalamente esembindini kwaye, ngokwenkcayelo, kulungiswe okanye kurhoxiswe. Noko ke, ngokwesiko, amalungiselelo ahluliweyo asoloko efakwe ngokunzulu kwizivumelwano zoxolo nakwizikothonga lezobupolitika, nto leyo ebangela ukuhlaziywa kwawo okubiza imali engokwezobupolitika nokungalawuleki.

Iimpawu ezingundoqo zeenkqubo zozingelo

Urhulumente ozinikeleyo udla ngokusebenzisa igunya kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo enjengemfundo, impilo, ezothutho, izindlu, ezolimo, nemicimbi yenkcubeko. Urhulumente osembindini uhlala elawula ukhuseleko lwesizwe, imicimbi yamanye amazwe, inkqubo yezoqoqosho, kunye nobumi. Icandelo lamagunya liyahluka-hluka kakhulu kwiimeko zembali, ezopolitiko, nezezopolitiko, nezobuzwe ngalinye.

Ngokomzekelo, amaziko akhutshiweyo asekwa yiGood Wearth Agreement (Belfast Accounting Treaty) yowe-1998 yanika iNdibano ye-Northern Ireland igunya lemfundo, impilo, ezolimo, nenkqubela yezoqoqosho, ngoxa urhulumente we-U.K wahlala ebeke ityala lokhuseleko lwesizwe, imigaqo-mthetho yamanye amazwe, kunye nerhafu. Ngokufanayo, ukurhoxiswa kwemida eSkotlani naseWales, eyasekwa ngo-1999, yadlulisela igunya elibalulekileyo lemithetho-mthetho kwiipalamente neendibano zawo, idala inkqubo yokulawula elungeleleneyo phakathi koBukumkani boMntla noMzantsi.

Indima karhulumente oGqityiweyo kukwakhiwa koxolo lwasemva kokwakhiwa

Emva kwesivumelwano soxolo, ucelomngeni oluyintloko kukuguqula ukupheliswa kogonyamelo lube ngulungelelwano lwezobupolitika oluzinzileyo. Urhulumente ozikhuselayo unegalelo kule nkqubo ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

Ukunciphisa Uxinezeleko Ngokwenziwa kwesigqibo sasekuhlaleni

Iimfazwe ezininzi zibangelwa zizikhalazo zengingqi ezinxulumene nokuthotywa kwetyala, ukufumaneka kobuncwane ngendlela engafaniyo, okanye ukucinezelwa kwenkcubeko. Urhulumente olawula imimandla ephantsi kwesizwe uvumela ukuba ezi ngxaki zilungiswe kumgangatho ekuthethwa ngawo kakhulu kuwo. Xa abezobupolitika basekuhlaleni besenza izigqibo ngezikolo, izibhedlele, kunye nezibonelelo, basabela ngokungqalileyo kwiimfuno zabantu babo. Oku kunciphisa imvakalelo yokuzikhetha ezidla ngokubangela ingxabano.

Ukongezelela, amaziko athoba igalelo abangela ukuba iinkokeli zezobupolitika ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zisebenze kunye kwiingxaki zobunye. Umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wokuqhuba inkonzo yempilo okanye wokuphatha ijelo leenqwelo-mafutha kufuneka usebenzisane ngaphaya kweentlanga okanye kwezobupolitika. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le ntsebenziswano yakha ulwalamano lobuchule nokuthembana okunokumelana neemeko zezobupolitika.

UKhuthazo lwamaqela adweliswe umda

Izivumelwano zoxolo ziquka amalungiselelo okuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela angazange asetyenziswe ngaphambili afumana ilizwi ekulawuleni. Izakhiwo ezinqatyisiweyo zingakwenza kube lula oku ngokwenza iindawo ezininzi zokufikelela kumandla. Iintlanga ezincinane, abantu bomthonyama, kunye nemimandla ingakufumanisa kulula ukuphembelela inkqubo kwingingqi kunakumgangatho wesizwe, apho amanani awo ancinane khona kwaye inkxalabo yawo ingatyeshelwa.

Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo ekhutshiweyo eSpeyin iye yavumela amaqela esizwe esiBasque kunye nesiCatalan ukuba abe nempembelelo enkulu kulawulo lwengingqi, athumela iimfuno zezobupolitika kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwengingqi kunokuba zithathele phambili kwisenzo soburhulumente obusembindini eMadrid noorhulumente bengingqi belizwe ukuba bahlasele, isakhiwo esineendleko eziphantsi kwemithetho nezopolitiko siye sanika umjelo osemthethweni kunye nowezopolitiko wokulawula ezi mfazwe.

Ukunika ingxelo nokubonisa ngaphaya

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ufumaneka lula kubemi kunamaziko akude. Amagosa ephondo anyulwayo adla ngokubonakala ngakumbi kwiindawo ahlala kuzo, asabela ngakumbi kumajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni, kwaye anokuphendula ngokungqalileyo kubantu abawasebenzisayo. Oku kusondelelana koluntu kunokukhulisa ukuthembana kwawo kumaqumrhu karhulumente, nto leyo edla ngokonakaliswa kakhulu yiminyaka yemfazwe.

Xa abemi bekwazi ukuqwalasela isigqibo sikarhulumente esisenziwa ngokusondeleyo, bayakwazi ukuqwalasela ukuba ngaba oovimba boluntu basetyenziswa kakuhle na ngempumelelo. Oku kukhanyisa kunciphisa amathuba orhwaphilizo kunye nokhuselo, okuyimithombo eqhelekileyo yezikhalazo kwimeko-bume zasemva kokwenza isivumelwano. Ngaphezu koko, oorhulumente abahluliweyo abalawula uqingqo-mali lwabo bayakwazi ukuchitha imali kwizinto eziphambili zasekuhlaleni, ukwandisa ukuphumelela korhwebo lukawonke-wonke ekwakheni uxolo.

Ukwakha Intembelo Phakathi Kwamagunya AseMbindini Nawasentlalo

Urhulumente ozimiseleyo umisela unxulumano phakathi kwamagunya asembindini nawasekuhlaleni amele alondolozwe ngengxoxo eqhubekayo kunye nengxoxo. Le ngxoxo iqumrhu inokuba luncedo ekwakheni ukuthembana ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko omabini amanqanaba karhulumente evelisa isibonda kuxolelo lwenkqubo iyonke.

Iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo phakathi kombindi kunye nabalungiseleli bengingqi, amaqumrhu olawulo ahlangeneyo, kunye neenkqubo zokucombulula iingxaki zonke zifak' isandla kwisithethe sokunxibelelana nokulalanisa. Nangona ukungavisisani kungenakuphepheka, ubukho beenkqubo ezimiselweyo zokuzicombulula bunciphisa amathuba okuba iimpikiswano ziqhubeke zibe lucelomngeni olukhoyo kwisivumelwano soxolo ngokwaso.

Ubuchule Urhulumente Ozithembileyo Abuxhasa Ngabo Uxolo

Urhulumente obhaptiziweyo akangomgaqo omnye kodwa lucwangciso lwezibonelelo ezisebenza kunye ukuxhasa uxolo. Iinkqubo eziliqela ezikhethekileyo zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kumongo wasemva kokulwa.

Amalungiselelo aqhuba amandla ngaphakathi kwiZiko lokuLambela

Kumazwe ahlukeneyo, urhulumente owenziwe angabi nakwahlukana usoloko ubandakanya iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezixhasa amandla axhasa umelo lwazo zonke iindawo ezingundoqo. Owona mzekelo uqhelekileyo ngurhulumente onyanzelekileyo, apho amaqela asuka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo abelana ngegunya lolawulo ngokwendlela emiselweyo. ULawulo oluPhezulu lwaseMntla Ireland, umzekelo, luquka omabini amaqumrhu namasebe esizwe, nomPhathiswa wokuqala kunye nesekela lomPhathiswa woQaphi woQaqo kwiqela lamaqela amabini amakhulu ngokweephelo zawo.

La malungiselelo alawula amandla aqinisekisa ukuba akukho butho linye linokulawula ezinye kwisakhiwo esineenjongo ezisezantsi. Oku kuqinisekisa kunika ukhuseleko kuluntu oluncinane kwaye kunciphisa intshukumisa kubadlali bezobupolitika ukuba basukele usukelo lwabo ngogonyamelo okanye isithintelo. Imfuneko yenkxaso yokunqamleza umanyano kwizigqibo ezingundoqo ikwakhuthaza ulalanisa nolwakhiwo.

Uphando oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo nolawulo lwawo

Kungquzulwano olucacileyo olunendawo, ukukhutshwa kotshintsho kunganika uhlobo lwezikhundla ezanelisa iimfuno zokuzilawula ngaphandle kokusongela ukuthembeka kwesizwe. Umgangatho weziqu zizimeleyo ungamiselwa ukuze ungqinelane neenjongo ezikhethekileyo zommandla ekuthethwa ngazo, ukusuka ekuthotyelweni okunesidima kolawulo ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu wokuzimela ngokwasemthethweni.

Isivumelwano seBougainville Soxolo kwiPapua New Guinea simisela umzekelo ofundisayo. Isivumelwano saseka uRhulumente ozimeleyo waseBougainville onamandla abanzi kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni, ne-arhentendium ebambekayo kwinkululeko ebanjelwe ngowama-2019. Ilungiselelo lokuzilawula lavumela omabini amacala ukuba avume ulalanisa okwaphelisa imfazwe yamakhaya yeminyaka elishumi, ngelixesha ithe thathuza elinoxolo lokuphendula umbuzo opheleleyo wezobupolitika.

Ukwabelana ngesahlulo sikavimba nokungahambelani

Ulawulo loovimba ludla ngokuba ngumba ophambili kwiimfazwe. Urhulumente ojikelezayo angayithetha le nto ngokumisela iindlela ezicacileyo zokusasaza ingeniso phakathi kwamagunya asembindini nawasekuhlaleni. Xa imimandla ifumana isabelo esithe ngqo nesifanelekileyo sengeniso yesizwe, ayinantshukumisa ininzi yokufuna ulawulo kwimithombo yoovimba ngomlo okanye ngomlo wezixhobo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemigangatho elungeleleneyo kunika oorhulumente bengingqi oovimba abafunayo ukudlulisela iinkonzo kunye nokuzibekela izibonelelo ekuphuhlisweni, okubonisa iingenelo ezibonakalayo zoxolo kubemi basekuhlaleni. Ucelomngeni kukuyila iinkqubo zolawulo ezithathwa njengezobulungisa ngawo onke amaqela kwaye zibonelela ngemali eyaneleyo ngaphandle kokwenza ukungalingani okungalawulekiyo.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko Kulawulo Oluqinileyo Nolwakhiwo Loxolo

Umntla Ireland: Ulawulo Olunentsebenziswano Emva Kwesivumelwano Esihle SoLwesihlanu

I-Ireland esemntla yeyona mizekelo ifundwa kakhulu yorhulumente okhutshiweyo kumiselo lwasemva kwemvume. Isivumelwano esiLungileyo soLwesihlanu samisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yolawulo oluneenjongo zokulawula amacandelo anzulu phakathi komanyano kunye noluntu lwesizwe. INdibano yaseMntla Ireland isebenza ngokudityaniswa komelo olulungelelanisiweyo, umnqongo womthetho onyanzelekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuvota ezinqamlezayo ezikhusela omabini amaqela ekulawuleni kwenye.

Ngoxa amaziko ejongene neemeko eziphindaphindiweyo — kuquka iimpempe kunye namaxesha okuwa kwe— ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo kuye kwangqineka kunamandla aphawulekayo. Ukususela ngowama- 2007, iNdibano kunye noLawulo oluPhezulu iye yasebenza amaxesha amade, ivumela iinkokeli zezobupolitika zombini zolawulo zisebenze kunye kucelomngeni olunye. Uphando BBC[[FLD:1] kunye nezifundo zemfundo zemfundo yemfundo ezipapashwa ngoovimba kuphando lweMida yezizwe eQueensss kuQueen &squo; iYunivesithi yaseBelfast[FT:3] luye lwanikela ingxelo yendlela ephawulekayo yokunciphisa ugonyamelo lwezopolitiki ukususela ko19909]

ESkotlani naseWales: Indaleko njenge - Conflict Prevention

Izithuba zokuphelisa utshintsho eSkotlani naseWales zazingeyompendulo engqalileyo kwimfazwe exhobileyo, kodwa zathetha ngezikhalazo ezinde ezikhoyo ezimalunga nokubekwa kwemibambo kunye nokuphenduliswa kwedemokhrasi okuye kwakhuthaza inkxaso yamaqela esizwe. Ngokunika iPalamente yaseSkotlani nakuMbutho waseWales igunya elibalulekileyo lowiso-mthetho, urhulumente we-UK wanciphisa imfuneko yokuzimela eSkotlani kwaye waqinisa ilungelo loMbuso we-O.

IPalamente engqukuva kunye neNdibano yaseWales iye yasebenzisa amandla ayo ukuphuhlisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo kwimimandla enjengezempilo, imfundo, kunye nenkxalabo yentlalo. Le nkqubo ivumela la mazwe ukuba asukele izinto eziza kuqala ezibonisa imilinganiselo neemfuno zasekuhlaleni, ulwaneliseko olukhulayo ngolawulo kunye nokunciphisa ingqiqo yokuba izigqibo ezisekelwe eLondon zibekwe kubemi abangathandiyo.

ISpeyin ’ Isizwe sama-Autonomic

ISpeyin ’ utshintsho kulawulo-mpukane emva kolawulo-mbuso lukaFranco luquka ukusekwa kwe “ iSizwe se-Autonomisis ” esinika imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuzilawula kumaqela ali-17 eezibutho. Oku kukhutshwa kotshintsho kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuhlalisa ugcino-lwazi lwengingqi lweCatalonia, iBasque, neGalicia, ngexa kugcinwa umanyano lwephondo lwaseSpeyin.

I-Basque Country ’ amaziko azimeleyo, asekwa phantsi kweSimeko sikaGernika (1979), ayesembindini wesiphelo se-ETA’ axhobile iphulo. I-Observer yanikezela umjelo wezobupolitika wobuzwe bamaBasque oye wenza ukuba ugonyamelo oluqhubekayo lungabi nakulawuleka. Ngoxa inkxwaleko norhulumente ophakathi iqhubeke, ingakumbi kummandla we-Catalonia ’ inkululeko enyanzelisayo ngo-2017, isakhiwo esikhuphiweyo esineyo sinikeze isicwangciso esisemthethweni nesezobupolitika sokulawula ezi mfazwe ngaphandle kokubuyela kugonyamelo lwezobupolitika.

Ucelomngeni Lokoyisa Oorhulumente Abanqunyiweyo Kucwangciso Lwasemva

Naphezu kwenzuzo ezinokwenzeka, urhulumente ohlisisiweyo kumongo wasemva kokungavumelani ujongene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo olufuneka lucocwe ukuba luza kulondoloza uxolo kwixesha elide.

Ukufuduswa kwecebo kunye nokuzinziswa

Oorhulumente abazimiseleyo kwimimandla yasemva kokudityaniswa basoloko bejongene nezithintelo ezinzima zezibonelelo. Ilifa longquzulwano lisenokuba litshabalalise izibonelelo, liphazamise umsebenzi wezoqoqosho, linciphise isiseko serhafu. Kwangaxeshanye, le mimandla ijongene neemfuno ezinkulu zokwakhiwa kwakhona, ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo, kunye noxolelwaniso lwentlalo.

Ukungavisisani okusesikweni kwiimeko eziphambili zemali karhulumente kusenokuba ziindawo ezinkulu zobupolitika. Ukuba abaphathi-mikhosi bengingqi bakholelwa ukuba ummandla wabo awutshintshi, basenokusebenzisa esi sikhalazo ukukhuthaza ukuxhasa iindawo ezithe kratya. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba oorhulumente basembindini bakholelwa ukuba imimandla ehluliweyo ifumana intsabelo engaphezulu, inkxaso kawonke-wonke ekupheliseni ungcoliso ingaphela kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ukungavisisani Kwezobupolitika Nokungavisisani Kweziko

Amaziko akhuselweyo kwizicwangciso zasemva kokuphela komnqongo asoloko ebuthathaka. Kwala maqela alungiselelwe ukuphatha anokuwaphazamisa. KuMntla Ireland, umzekelo, ukungavisisani kwiingxaki zenkcubeko ezifana namalungelo olwimi kunye nokukhunjulwa kwamaqela omkhosi kusoloko kuzisa amaziko athotyiweyo ade adiseke.

Xa oorhulumente abasebenzisa amandla akhutshwayo benqumamisa imisebenzi yabo okanye bewa ngokupheleleyo, iziphumo zokulawula zingenza amathuba okuthimba ukuba basebenzise kakubi. Ukungabikho korhulumente wengingqi osebenzayo kuphelisa ukuthemba uluntu kwinkqubo yoxolo kwaye kungakhokelela ekuxhaseni inkxaso engakumbi kwiindawo eziqinileyo.

Isantya

Ukuseka amaziko akhuphiweyo kufuna abasebenzi abanobuchule bokulawula inkqubo enzima. Kwimeko- bume yasemva kwemvume, idityaniswe yabalawuli abanamava. Ingxabano isenokuba iqhubele izifundiswa ukufuduka, kwaye inkonzo yentlalo isenokuba ikhutshiwe okanye ikhutshiwe.

Ukwakha amandla oorhulumente bengingqi okuhambisa iinkonzo ngempumelelo ngumsebenzi wexesha elide ofuna utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo ekuqeqesheni, ekucebiseni, nasekuphuhliseni iziko. Ngaphandle kobuchule obufanelekileyo, oorhulumente abahluliweyo baza kuzama ukuhambisa iingenelo eziphathekayo ezifunekayo ukuxhasa uluntu kwinkqubo yoxolo.

Ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwamaqondo oRhulumente

Urhulumente okhutshwayo udala inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokwabelana nokwabelana ngoxanduva. Umanyano olunempumelelo phakathi kwamagunya asembindini nawasekuhlaleni lubalulekile ukunqanda izithuba, ukwenziwa kophando, okanye imigaqo ephikisanayo. Noko ke, amandla ezobupolitika emimiselo yasemva komanyano anokwenza kube nzima, ingakumbi xa unxulumano phakathi korhulumente osembindini namagunya ephondo luphawuleka ngokungathembani.

Kubalulekile ukuba kuthintelwe ukungaphumeleli kwemibutho yomanyano ukuze ingabi ziingxaki zobupolitika. Ezi nkqubo kufuneka zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze zisebenze naxa ulwalamano lwezopolitiko lungalungelelani.

Iindlela Zokomeleza Ulawulo Olunempumelelo Ekwakheni Uxolo

Amava avela ehlabathini lonke abonisa iindlela eziliqela ezinokulwandisa ulawulo oluye lwathomalalisa uxolo emva kwesivumelwano.

Yakha Umatshini Ocacileyo Nolungileyo

Amalungiselelo e-fiscal asisiseko sorhulumente okhutshwayo kufuneka ajongwe njengolungileyo ngamaqela onke. Oku kufuna iindlela ezicacileyo zokunika inkxaso-mali esembindini, uhlolo oluzimelayo oluzimelayo lwesakhiwo semali, kunye nobuchule bokulungisa izabelo ezilungiselelwe ukuphendula kwiimfuno ezitshintshayo.

Amalungiselelo okunyamekela icebo kufuneka aquke amalungiselelo acacileyo okusingatha iingxabano. Xa kuvela ukungavisisani ngemali, kufuneka kumiselwe iinkqubo zokunxibelelana, zokuphendulana, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuthembeka kwezi nkqubo kuxhomekeke ekuzilawuleni kwabo ekungeneleni kwezobupolitika.

Yenza iziqhagamshelanisi zonxibelelwano ezisebenzayo Ngaphesheya komgangatho karhulumente

Unxibelelwano oluthe rhoqo, olucwangcisiweyo phakathi kwamagosa asembindini kunye nengingqi lungathintela ukungaqondani ekukhuleni kweengxaki. Iikomiti zolungiselelo ezidibeneyo, iintlanganiso zomanyano olusemthethweni, kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwenkqubo zonxibelelwano zonke zinegalelo kwinkcubeko yokunxibelelana.

La majelo onxibelelwano abaluleke kakhulu ngexesha loxanduva lwezopolitiko. Xa kuvela ukungavisisani, ulwalamano olusekiweyo kunye neenkqubo zinganceda ekuthinteleni ukusoyikisa ulungiso lwamaziko ahlileyo ngokwawo.

Ukuveliswa kweNgxelo yoLawulo

Ukusebenza kukarhulumente ocekeceke kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wabantu abasebenza kuye. Ukuxhaswa kotyalo-mali ekuqeqesheni nasekuphuhlisweni kwemfundo yezobugcisa kumagosa asekuhlaleni, amagosa anyuliweyo, kunye neequmrhu zolawulo zibalulekile. Amaqabane amazwe ngamazwe angenza indima ebalulekileyo ekunikezeleni uncedo lobugcisa nasekubelaneni ngezona zenzo zobugcisa ezingcono ezisuka kwezinye iimeko.

Isakhiwo esisesona sibalulekileyo kufuneka siqwalaselwe kungekuphela nje kubuchule bobugcisa kodwa kwakhona nakwisiko kunye nezenzo zolawulo lwedemokhrasi, kuquka ukubonakala mhlophe, ukubulela, nokuhlonela umthetho. Le migaqo ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicwangciso zasemva kokusetyenziswa kwemvume, apho imikhwa yokulawula ngoozwilakhe okanye ugonyamelo lwezobupolitika lungaqhubekeka.

Imisebenzi yeSigqibo seSigqibo soMphicothi-zincwadi

Ukungavisisani akuphepheki nakweyiphi inkqubo yolawulo lwemigangatho emininzi. Izicwangciso zeposi zifuna izicwangciso zokulawula ezi ngxabano zingazithintela ekunyukeni zize zifikelele kwisongelo esikhoyo kwisivumelwano soxolo. Ezi zicwangciso kufuneka ziquke zombini ubuchule obuqhelekileyo, njengeenkundla zomgaqo-siseko kunye neepali zokulungelelanisa, kunye neenkqubo ezingacwangciswanga, ezifana nokukhutshelwa ngamanani ahlonelwayo okanye abalinganisi bezizwe ngezizwe.

Undoqo kukuba isakhiwo kufuneka sithembeke, sifikeleleke, kwaye sithenjwe ngabo bonke amaqela. Ukuba naliphi na iqela likholelwa ukuba inkqubo yokusombulula impikiswano ijongene nekhethe okanye ayisebenzi, abasayi kuba nasizathu sakwenza oko xa kuvela iingxabano.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwiziko eziDefiweyo

Urhulumente olawulayo usebenza kakuhle ekulondolozeni uxolo xa ngokwenene luquka zonke izinxulumani eziphambili kunye nezilangazelelo. Oku kufuna ingqalelo enyanisekileyo kwiinkqubo zonyulo, iindlela zomelo, kunye nendlela yokuyila iziqu eziphezulu. Kumazwe ahlukeneyo, idemokhrasi egqibeleleyo engundoqo inokuba buthathaka, njengoko ivumela uluntu olukhulu ukuba lulawule abanye.

Iinkqubo zamandla eziqhuba, umelo lolungelelwaniso, kunye nokhuseleko lwamalungelo amancinane zonke izixhobo ezinokwenza amaziko ahluliweyo adityaniswe kakhulu. Le ndlela ikhethekileyo mayilungiselelwe kumongo wasekuhlaleni, ithathe ityala lenani, ubungakanani, kunye nolwalamano lwabantu ababandakanyekileyo.

Isiphelo

Urhulumente ozikhuselayo akasosicombululo socelomngeni lokwakhiwa koxolo lwasemva komthetho, kodwa sisixhobo esinamandla xa sidalwe kwaye siphunyezwa ngokunempumelelo. Ngokuzisa ulawulo kufutshane nabantu, ukwenza isithuba samazwi acuthiweyo, kunye nokuqulunqa intsebenziswano kumacala ebutho labantu, izakhiwo ezihluliweyo zingacombulula izikhalo ezininzi ezisisiseko ezibangela ukungqubana.

Impumelelo karhulumente okhuphisanayo ekulondolozeni uxolo ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo sequmrhu elinobuchule, imithombo eyaneleyo, ukwakhiwa kwamandla aqinileyo, kunye nokuzimisela ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokusuka ekuqukumbeleni. Apho ezi meko zihlangatyezwana khona, ukususwa kwesivumelwano soxolo kwisivumelwano esithambileyo sibe yindawo yokuhlala eqinileyo. Apho zingekho khona, amaziko ahluliweyo anokuba libala elitsha lokulwa ingxabano kunokuba libe yinkqubo yokusilawula.

Amava ehlabathi lonke i-— ukusuka eMntla Ireland ukuya kwilizwe lase-Basque, ukusuka e-Bougainville &mdash, inika izifundo ezixabisekileyo kwibutho labantu elivelayo kwimfazwe. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba xa urhulumente ohluliweyo efikeleleka kumsebenzi wexesha elide kunokuba ube ngummiselo omfutshane osebenzayo, ungenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuzinzo nempumelelo yoluntu lwasemva kwe-bonclict. Le ndlela inqabile ukugudisa, kodwa indawo ekhoyo i— i-a yoxolo, epheleleyo, nenamandla oluntu — ifanele umgudu.