Table of Contents

Abemi banendima ebalulekileyo ekudalweni nasekuphuhlisweni kwemithetho ekwinkqubo yomthetho. Impembelelo yabo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwindlela ekwenziwa ngayo imithetho, iguqulwe, kwaye inyanzeliswe, ibumba ibutho labantu abahlala kulo. Ukuqonda le ndima kunceda abantu ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwiinkqubo zoluntu nezezobupolitika, beqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lubonisa ngokwenene ukuthanda kwabantu.

Ingcamango yolawulo oluphambili exhaphakileyo ithi abantu bangowona mthombo uphambili wegunya likarhulumente, kwaye kwibutho labantu elilungele ukuqhuba ezopolitiko, ukuthanda kwabantu bonke kukuphela komgangatho olungileyo wokuthatha inyathelo kwezobupolitika. Lo mgaqo usisiseko usekelwe kulawulo-melo lwale mihla kwaye umisela isiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zomthetho kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ukuqonda Isiseko: Iinkqubo Zomthetho Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwidemokhrasi

Iinkqubo zomthetho zahluka kakhulu kumazwe ngamazwe, kodwa amazwe amaninzi olawulo-mpukane aquka iindlela ezomeleleyo zokuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Ukuba nenxaxheba kwabemi kwibutho labo loluntu norhulumente kuyimfuneko, ukuba akwanele, imeko yedemokhrasi. Ezi nkqubo ziyaqonda ukuba imithetho ayifanele yenziwe ngokwahlukene ngamagosa anyuliweyo kuphela, kodwa kufuneka ibonise iimfuno, imilinganiselo, neembono ezahlukeneyo zabantu abalawulayo.

INGXELO ye-CUBIC ibhekisela kwimisebenzi yokuzithandela yabemi ekumiseleni nasekuxhaseni imibutho ezimeleyo engeyoyangorhulumente enegalelo kwintlalo-ntle yoluntu, ngoxa ukuba nenxaxheba kwezobupolitika kunxulumene nemisebenzi yabantu ngabanye namaqela ajolise ekuphembeleni izigqibo zikarhulumente wabo. Zizonke ezi ndlela zobomkiselana zidala inkqubo yedemokhrasi apho abemi banokuyibumba ngokunentsingiselo imithetho elawula ubomi babo.

Ngokuthabatha kwabo inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, abemi bakhuthaza abameli babo kurhulumente ukuba baphendule ebantwini. Le ndlela ibalulekileyo yokugcina ingqibelelo yamaziko edemokhrasi nokuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo ayaqhubeka esabela kwiimfuno zoorhulumente kunokuba afumane izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Ilungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba: Isiseko somthetho nesomGaqo-siseko

Ilungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kuwonke wonke lilungelo lomntu eliqulethwe zezinye iinkqubo zomthetho zezizwe ngezizwe nezesizwe, neGatya 21 leSindululo soMhlaba Samalungelo Abantu esichaza ilungelo lomntu ngamnye lokuba nenxaxheba kwimicimbi yelizwe lakhe, enoba ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokukhetha abameli. Olu lwazi lwezizwe ngezizwe lubalaselisa ukubaluleka kokubandakanyeka okungundoqo kwemimimi ekulawuleni.

IGatya 25 loMvumelwano wezizwe Ngezizwe Ngamalungelo Oluntu NawamaProtilitistiki lenza isindululo esifanayo ngelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni imicimbi kawonke-wonke nakunyulo lweemeko. Ezi zicwangciso zezizwe ngezizwe zimisela kungekuphela nje ukuba nenxaxheba njengelungelo elinikwe ngoorhulumente, kodwa njengelungelo elizukileyo labo bonke abantu abahlala kwimimandla yedemokhrasi.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokwenza umthetho kunyanzelekile kakhulu kumaxabiso angundoqo omthetho-siseko waseYurophu, iKomishini yeVenice igxininisa imfuneko yenkqubo ecacileyo, enoxanduva, eququzelelayo neyolawulo-mthetho ngokwembono yomthetho, nto leyo kunye nedemokhrasi namalungelo abantu eyakha imigaqo esisiseko yeBhunga laseYurophu neZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.

Umatshini wolawulo-moya othe ngqo: Owandulelayo nowahlula-hlulwayo

Kweminye imimandla yolawulo-melo, abemi basebenzisa inyathelo lokuqala kunye ne-arhente ukuze babe nenxaxheba kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ekwenzeni imithetho, phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezichazwe ngumgaqo-siseko. Ezi zixhobo zolawulo-moya zingqalileyo zinika abemi amandla okugqitha amajelo angokwesithethe owiso-mthetho xa kuyimfuneko, zibavumela ukuba bavelise imithetho emitsha okanye bavote ngqo kwimibuzo ebalulekileyo yenkqubo.

Inkqubela Yokuqala

Inkqubo yokuqalisa ivumela abemi ukuba bamisele umthetho ngqo. Inqaku lama- 68 lomgaqo-siseko waseLithuania lithi abemi beRiphabliki yaseLithuania baza kuba nelungelo lokuthatha inyathelo lomthetho, kwaye umthetho wedrafti ungathunyelwa kwiSeimas (ucandelwana) ngo-50 000 abemi baseLithuania abanelungelo lokuvota. Eli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuba xa abemi abaneleyo bemanyene ngenxa yesizathu esinye, banokunyanzelela ukuqwalasela imigaqo-mthetho.

EUnited States, amazwe amaninzi aneenkqubo zokuqalisa ezivumela abemi ukuba bafake imithetho ecetyiweyo okanye izilungiso zomgaqo-siseko ngqo kwivoti ukuze ifumane imvume. Le nkqubo idla ngokufuna ukuqokelela inani elichaziweyo lemityikityo evela kubavoti ababhalisiweyo kwi-frame ethile yexesha elithile. Xa umnyango wotyikityo ufikelelwa, umlinganiselo ocetyisiweyo uvela kwi-colot, uvumela bonke abavoti ukuba bagqibe kwishwa lawo.

Amalungelo okuLandela

Umgaqo-siseko wase Estonia unika ilungelo le-arhendendum kwiGatya 105, uchaza ukuba i-Riigikogu (iSivumelwano) iza kuba nelungelo lokubeka imithetho yedrafti okanye eminye imicimbi yesizwe kwi-adenderum, kwaye isigqibo sabantu siza kumiselwa yinkoliso yabo bathatha inxaxheba kwi-arhenteum. AmaReferendendum anika abemi intetho yokugqibela kwizigqibo ezibalulekileyo, eqinisekisa ukuba iinguqu ezinkulu kumthetho okanye ulawulo lufumana imvume kawonke-wonke.

Noko ke, umgaqo-siseko wolawulo-melo oluninzi, kuquka nolo lweUnited States, awuquki malungelo okuthatha inyathelo lokuqala kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba. Kwinkqubo ezinjalo, abemi kufuneka bathembele kwezinye iindlela zokuthabatha inxaxheba ukuphembelela ukuvelisa imithetho, kuquka ukunyulwa, ukukhuthaza nokukhuthaza uluntu ngokubanzi.

Ulawulo - melo NobuGqwesa - mbuso Bommi

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika yabemi kukuvota kunyulo lwabameli babo erhulumenteni. Nangona ukuvota kungundoqo, kumela nje inkalo enye yokuba nenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi esempilweni. Into ephambili kukuba nenxaxheba yinkolelo yokuba unyulo asilothuba lodwa lokuba abemi baphembelele izigqibo.

Ku "thin" okanye idemokhrasi engoodemokhrasi abameli kuphela, indima yommi kukunyula abameli ngamaxesha athile, kwaye ukuphendula kwezobupolitika kufunyanwa kwibhokisi yokuvota apho abo basilelayo ukwanelisa abanyuli bengabuyiselwanga kwisikhundla kunyulo olulandelayo. Noko ke, ingcamango yedemokhrasi yale mihla ichaza ngokwandayo imiqathango yale ndlela incinane yokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Kwidemokhrasi yokwabelana ngeendawo, ngokuchasene nedemokhrasi yabameli, abamisi-mthetho kufuneka bajongene nabo bachaphazelekayo zigqibo zabo kwaye bamele bababuze ukuba bafune uluvo lwabo, kwaye abamisi-mthetho basenokuzichasa ezo mbono, kodwa abanakwenza oko ngaphandle kokuba bazichase kwiimpikiswano, kwiimvakalelo, nakwiingqiqo zabo bachaphazelekayo sisigqibo. Oku kuthembisana kubangela ukuba baphendule ngakumbi kwaye baphendule ngakumbi.

Iindlela Ezibukhali Zabemi Ezinokuba Nenxaxheba Ekwenzeni Umthetho

Ukuba nenxaxheba kubemi kukuzibandakanya okusebenzayo kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo zowiso-mthetho ezibavumela ukuba banikele kwizigqibo ezinokuba nempembelelo kubomi babo. Oku kuthabatha inxaxheba kuthatha iindlela ezininzi, nganye inika amathuba akhethekileyo okuphembelela iziphumo zenkqubo.

Ukuncedisa Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Ukuncoma kuselityeni lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Ngokufaka iibhola kunyulo lwendawo, kurhulumente, nakumazwe, abemi bakhetha abameli abaza kuyila baze bavote imithetho. Ngokuvota, abemi banenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, kwaye abemi bavota ukuba iinkokeli zibamele kunye neengcamango zabo, kwaye iinkokeli zixhasa izilangazelelo zabemi.

Ngaphandle kokuvota nje, ukuba nenxaxheba kokhetho olunolwazi kufuneka abemi balapha baphande izikhundla zovotelo, iirekhodi, kunye nezicelo zenkqubo. Ukuqonda apho abaza kubhaptizwa bema kwimibandela ebalulekileyo kwenza abavoti benze ukhetho oluvumelana nemilinganiselo yabo nezinto eziza kuqala. Ukuba nenxaxheba kunyulo oluphambili kubaluleke ngokufanayo, njengokuba olu khuphiswano ludla ngokugqiba ukuba ngabaphi abatshayeli abavelayo kwiqela lonyulo ngokubanzi.

Abameli Ababeboniswa

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umsebenzi wakho wamagosa anyuliweyo kukukumela, kwaye njengenxalenye yaloo msebenzi, abamisi-mthetho bathabatha igalelo kunye nengxelo evela kumalungu oluntu njengoko benza izigqibo kunye nomthetho wobugcisa. Abahlali bangaqhagamshelana nabameli babo ngemijelo eyahlukahlukeneyo equka iminxeba, ii-imeyili, iileta, kunye nemiyalezo yezentlalo-ntle.

Unxibelelwano olunempumelelo nabamisi-mthetho lufuna ukucaca nokucaciswa. Abameli baxakeke kakhulu ebudeni bentlanganiso kwaye bagqubuthela intabalala yeembambano zenkqubo, nto leyo eyenza kubaluleke ukuba wenze imiyalezo emifutshane, elula necacileyo ngemibandela engombandela. Xa uqhagamshelana nabameli, abemi kufuneka bachaze ngokucacileyo isikhundla sabo, bachaze indlela lo mba ochaphazela ngayo bona okanye abantu abakuwo, baze benze isicelo esingqalileyo sesenzo.

Ukuthetha nabasebenzi bombutho-mthetho maxa wambi kunokuba nempembelelo engakumbi kunokudibana nommisi-mthetho, njengoko abasebenzi beyiingcali kwimibandela ethile kwaye benomthetho ocacisa izicelo zoncedo, kwaye kwakhona banxulumene ngakumbi nommisi-mthetho wabo kwaye banokuphembelela oko ummisi-mthetho wabo akwenzayo okanye akuthethileyo. Ukwakha ulwalamano nabasebenzi bowiso-mthetho kusenokuba licebo elisebenzayo lokuzinzisa ityala.

Izicelo Nemilingo Yosayino

Izibongozo zivumela abemi ukuba baqokelele inkxaso yotshintsho lomthetho ngokuqokelela utyikityo kumalungu oluntu aneenkxalabo ezizizo. Iphulo eliququzelelweyo libonisa kubenzi bomthetho ukuba umba wesibongozo unenkxaso ephangaleleyo kawonke-wonke, ubenza bathathe amanyathelo. Izibongozo zingasetyenziswa ukucela umthetho omtsha, ukuchasa imithetho ecetyisiweyo, okanye ukufuna iinguqulelo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo.

Kwixesha lamanani, amaqonga esicelo kwi-intanethi ayenze yalula kakhulu ukuqokelela utyikityo nolwakhiwo lwezi zizathu. Noko ke, izicelo zephepha eziqhelekileyo zisaxabisekile, ingakumbi kwimiba yasekuhlaleni apho intsebenziswano yobuso nobuso inokuba nonxulumano olunamandla olukhoyo nokubonisa inkxaso yeengca.

Amagqabaza Kawonke-wonke kunye namaxesha amagqabaza

Iinkqubo ezininzi zowiso-mthetho kunye nolawulo ziquka amathuba acwangcisiweyo okungenisa ulwazi lukawonke-wonke. Amasebe karhulumente asoloko ethetha ngexesha lokuphuhlisa imimiselo emitsha, evumela abemi ukuba bakhuphe ingxelo ebhaliweyo okanye bangqine ekuchotshelweni kwabantu.

Phakathi kwezinto ezichazwe yiNkundla kukufundisa abantu ngemibandela ephikisanayo, ukucela iimbono kumaqela achaphazelekayo, ukufuna ukuthotyelwa ngomlomo nabhaliweyo, nokubekwa kwetyala kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwezi nkqubo zicwangcisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba abenzi beenkqubo baphulaphuli baziva iimbono ezahlukahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba bagqibe izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.

Ukucebisa abemi ngomsebenzi wepalamente nokukhuthaza ukuva amathuba abemi okuthabatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wayo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ingingqi kufuneka ihlale izixelele ukuba la mathuba avela nini kwaye ikulungele ukunikela ngegalelo elifanelekileyo.

Ukuya Kwiintlanganiso Zesidlangalala Nakwiindlebe

Iintlanganiso zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, iikomiti zowiso-mthetho, iikomiti zowiso-mthetho, neeholo zedolophu zinika abemi amathuba angqalileyo okuqwalasela inkqubo yokwenza umthetho nokuvakalisa iimbono zabo. Umsebenzi omninzi owenziwe kwityala letyala wenziwa kwiikomiti, apho abaLawuli beKomiti namalungu amancinane agqibayo ukuba yiyiphi ityala eliza kufumana ingqalelo eninzi, kwaye iikomiti zisenokuvalwa kwityala, zicebisa ziphinde zilungiswe, zivote ekugunyazisweni kwemali-/okanye zivumele ukuba kufe ngokusilela ukuthatha inyathelo.

Ukuya kuma-horoum okanye kwiintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu eziqhutywa ngabamisi-mthetho nabaza kubhaptizwa zivumela abemi ukuba baphakamise imibandela, babuze imibuzo, baze bagcine amagosa anyuliweyo ephendulile kwizithembiso ezenziwe. Ezi ngxoxo zijongene neemeko zobuso buthile zinokuba namandla ngokukhethekileyo, njengoko zibonakalisa ubunzulu benkxalabo yoluntu.

Ukungqinela Phambi Kwemibutho Engomthetho

Abahlali bangacela amathuba okunikela ubungqina phambi kweekomiti zowiso-mthetho eziqwalasela amatyala achaphazela bona. Kubantu abamele ukuva, kusenokucelwa ukuba bacebise amangqina kwaye kucelwe ukuba kunikelwe ubungqina obungachaphazelekayo. Ubungqina bobuqu obuvela kubantu abachaphazelekayo bungayeyisela kakhulu, njengoko bunika abenzi bomthetho abanomongo wokwenene wokoqobo ukuze baqonde indlela umthetho ocetyisiweyo oya kuchaphazela ngayo amalungu abo.

AmaNgqina afanele alungiselele iingxelo ezibhaliweyo kusengaphambili, acinge ngemibuzo anokuyifumana aze akulungele ukunikela imizekelo ethile ebonisa iingongoma zawo. Kwanokuba abemi abacelwa ukuba banikele ubungqina obusemthethweni, ukuva abantu abaninzi abasemthethweni kuvula ixesha lokugqabaza esidlangalaleni.

Ukuphumeza i-ofisi

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokuphembelela ukubekwa komthetho kukumisela umthetho. Kukho amalungelo amabini akhethekileyo kuphela kubemi base-U.S.: ukuvota kunyulo nokuphumeza iofisi karhulumente. Ukubaleka iofisi kuvumela abemi ukuba bafumane imimiselo engqalileyo yemithetho ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuvota kumthetho.

Ngoxa ukusukela iofisi yesizwe kufuna ubuncwane obubalulekileyo namava, iindawo zengingqi kunye norhulumente zisoloko zifikeleleka ngakumbi kubemi abaqhelekileyo. Amalungu equmrhu lesikolo, abameli bebhunga lesixeko, abameli bengingqi, kunye nabamisi-mthetho bephondo bonke badlala iindima ezibalulekileyo ekuveliseni imithetho nemigaqo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abantu. Abaninzi bezobupolitika abanempumelelo baqalisa imisebenzi yabo ngokuquqela iofisi yasekuhlaleni ukucombulula imicimbi ethile kuluntu lwabo.

Umthetho olawulayo kunye nokuphanga

Umthetho ogunyazisayo (ngamanye amaxesha obizwa ngokuba yintshukumisa) sisenzo sokuzama ukuphembelela abenzi bomthetho ukuba bavote ngendlela ethile, bathethe ngembambano ethile, okanye bancede ekudluliseleni umthetho oyingenelo kuwe. Ngoxa ukungenelela kusoloko kunxulunyaniswa nabameli abangoogcisayo kunye nemibutho emikhulu, abemi ngabanye banokubandakanyeka baze bathabathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokukhuthaza.

Ukukuqonda Ukuphangwa Koogqirha

Ukuqhatha kungumkhwa wobugcisa wokunxibelelana ngqo namagosa karhulumente ukuze aphembelele izigqibo zenkqubo, yaye enyanzelweni yayo, ukunyanzelisa kubandakanya izifundiswa ezihlawulwayo ezidibana nabenzi bomthetho, abalawuli, kunye nabasebenzi bazo ukuxhasa izikhundla ezithile kumthetho okanye kwimigaqo. Abaxhasi bobugcisa bazisa ubuchule, ulwalamano, kunye nobuncwane kwimigudu yokukhuthaza ubugqeba.

IiKomiti, abamisi - mthetho ngabanye, nabasebenzi babo badla ngokuphenjelelwa ngabantu abahlawulwa yimibutho (ngokufuthi emela lonke ushishino okanye iqela elikhulu lezinye intlangano), iinkampani ezinkulu, kwaneenkonzo zempilo nezempilo nabantu ezidlulisela inkcazelo kubenzi bemithetho nokuzama ukubaqinisekisa ukuba kubangelwe ngabo okanye umdla wabo okanye uluntu lwabo ukuba bavote ngeendlela ezithile okanye baphumeze okanye bawise imithetho ethile.

Iintambo ezinomsila

I- Grasroots ukusetyenziswa kwe-advocacy ithatha indlela eyahlukileyo yokuphembelela inkqubo, endaweni yokuba izifundiswa zibendakanyeke ngqo kubenzi benkqubo, amaphulo akhuthaza abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuba bavakalise inkxalabo yabo kumagosa anyuliweyo. Oku kusezantsi kufikelela kwigunya elisisiqendu samalungu oluntu ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwezobupolitika.

Amandla okulawula ingca asuka kuxinzelelo lweziko, njengaxa abamisi-mthetho beva kuninzi lwabavoti babo kumbandela othile, ibonisa iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zonyulo kwizigqibo zabo zenkqubo, kwaye lo mdlalo "ongaphandle" ukhuthaza impembelelo ngamanani kunye neemvakalelo zikawonke-wonke kunokuba ufikelele ngaphakathi kunye nobuchule.

I-Grassroots ukuqhatha iqhutywa kukungenelela kwabemi kunokuba babe nenxaxheba kwiincwadi ezingoonontlalonke, kwaye ukufaneleka kuvela kumazwi ayinyaniso. Oku kuyinyaniso kusenokuba namandla ngokukhethekileyo, njengoko abalawuli bemithetho beqonda ukuba abaxhasi beengca bamela abavoti bokwenene abaya kukhumbula ukuma kwabo xa ixesha lonyulo lifika.

Ubuchule Bokukhuthala Kwamashishini Abami

Abameli nabasebenzi basenokuphenjelelwa ngabameli, abemi bobuqu okanye amaqela ayazithabathela ngokwawo, ngexesha lawo, ukuze baqhagamshelane nabamisi - mthetho ngenkcazelo nentshukumisa, baze abameli basenokuba ngabangeneli bemigaqo, abalawuli okanye abasebenzi bemibutho esebenza nabantu okanye ngemibandela ethile, okanye abemi abaxhasa nje oko bakukholelwayo.

Kukho amandla ngamanani, kwaye kufanisa abantu kwinkampu yakho nokubanika ukuzinikela kumgudu wobugqwirha ngamanyathelo akho okuqala ekwakheni umbutho onamandla. Amaphulo okulwa nokukhutshwa kwezixhobo aphumelelayo akha imibutho yabaxhasi abanokuvakalisa imiyalezo kwaye babonise inkxaso ebanzi yoluntu kwizikhundla zemigaqo.

Amaphulo asebenzayo asebenzisa amaqhinga amaninzi kuquka imfundo kawonke-wonke ngokuxelela abemi ngeembambano, ngeengxelo, ngeewebhsayithi, nangezinto zokufundisa, njengoko imiba yenkqubo entsonkothileyo idla ngokufuna imfundo ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuba abantu bathathe amanyathelo. Abameli abanobuchule baphumelela ngakumbi ekunyanzeleni abemi abangoowethu kunye nabenzi benkqubo.

Isenzo Soluntu Nokulungelelaniswa

Isenzo soluntu singuhlobo olunamandla lokuthabatha inxaxheba kubemi olunokuthi luphembelele ngokungqalileyo ngokwenza imiba ebalaselisayo nokuzilungiselela. Xa abemi belungelelanisa izinto eziqhelekileyo, banokuphembelela abaququzeleli bemigaqo-mthetho nokukhuthaza utshintsho, beqinisekisa ukuba imithetho inceda umdla woluntu.

Ukwakha Amandla Oluntu

Isenzo soluntu sinokwenza abemi bakwazi ukuvelisa, ukuvavanya nokunika imizekelo yoko kunokwenzeka, ukudida ukulindela oko abemi basekuhlaleni banokukufeza ukucel'ilwa kwemeko-bume nokuphucula ubomi babo kunye nobo babanye abantu basekuhlaleni, kwaye uvavanyo lwasekuhlaleni lungadala imizekelo yeenguqulelo zentlalo, ngelixa inyathelo loluntu nalo linokwakha ulwazi nokuqonda kwabemi, ukuxhobisa nokuba neengxaki kunye nezisombululo, ukudala 'abami abathe bathengiselwa.'

Isenzo soluntu singalwahlula ulwahluko ngokuqwalasela iinguqu eziluncedo zasekuhlaleni, sidala ingqiqo yokuba phakathi kwamalungu amaninzi ahlukeneyo awo nawuphi na uluntu, kwaye sakhe ukuthembana omnye komnye nakuluntu olubanzi, ngaphandle kwalo idemokhrasi engenako ukuchuma. Lo msebenzi wokwakha intembelo uyimfuneko ekugcineni amaziko eedemokhrasi anempilo.

Indima Yemibutho Yamakhaya

Imibutho yabemi (CSOs) ayimeleli abemi yaye ingachazwa ukuba iquke zonke iintlangano ezingezozo intengiso nezingezozesizwe ngaphandle kwentsapho apho abantu bazilungelelanisa khona ukuze baphumeze izilangazelelo ezimntwini zoluntu, kuquka imibutho esekelwe kuluntu kunye namaqumrhu eedolophana, amaqela emeko-bume, amaqela amalungelo abafazi, iimbutho zabalimi, imibutho esekelwe elukholweni, amaqumrhu, iinkonzo, iinkampani zezoshishino, amagumbi ezoshishino, amagumbi ophanga azimeleyo, amaqumrhu ophangazo ophando, kunye namajelo eendaba angawayingeneli.

Le mibutho inendima ebalulekileyo ekudaleni ikomkhulu lentlalo ngokuqinisa izithethe zoluntu nokuthembana okusisigama esidibanisa ibutho labantu kwaye sisisiseko sokulawula okunempumelelo. Imibutho yamakhaya isebenza njengemibutho enxibelelana phakathi kwabemi ngabanye norhulumente, igatya izilangazelelo kunye nokuvakalisa amazwi anokungaviwa.

Ukulungiselela Imigudu Nemibutho

Ukulungelelaniswa kwebutho labantu okuphumelelayo kufuna ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo, isakhiwo esimanyeneyo nomgudu oqhubekayo. Amaphulo asebenzayo achaza iinjongo ezicacileyo, ukuvelisa imiyalezo enyanzelisayo, ukubhalisa nokuqeqesha amatsha - ntliziyo, nokuyila amanyathelo abangela inkqubela eqhubekayo. Imibutho yoluntu engokwembali iye yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhambiseleni phambili amalungelo abantu, ekukhuselweni kwemekobume, kumalungelo abasebenzi, nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwamanani okuzinzileyo kwangoku amanani ezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zentlalo-ntle ukuququzelela imisebenzi, ukusasaza imiyalezo, kunye nokuzilungiselela. Noko ke, ucwangciso lokujongana nobuso nobuso lusafuneka ekwakheni ulwalamano olunzulu nokholo olufunekayo ukwenzela isenzo esizinzileyo. Eyona misebenzi yempumelelo idityaniswe kwi-intanethi nangaphandle komsebenzi ukuze kwandiswe ukufikelela nokuchaphazela.

Ulawulo-melo oluzimeleyo noXhaso lukaWonk ’ ubani

Ukuganana kukawonke-wonke okungalawulekiyo (njengokuba abemi bemi betyala kunye nengxoxo enkulu kawonke-wonke) kuvumela abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwinkqubela-phambili yenkqubo. Ezi nkqubo zocwangco zidibanisa amaqela ahlukeneyo abemi ukufunda ngemibandela entsonkothileyo, ngabom kwiinketho, kwaye ziphuhlisa iingcebiso kubenzi benkqubo.

Intlanganiso neendibano zabemi

Kwinkqubo ezizimeleyo, amaqela abantu adla ngokulingelwa ngokuzenzekela aze akhethwe aze amiselwe ukulungiselela umlinganiselo wamanani, aze adibane nomntu okanye kwi-intanethi, afumane inkcazelo elungeleleneyo ngomxholo othile (kwaye ithuba lokucela inkcazelo eyongezelelekileyo), athathe ixesha ukuxubusha ngemibandela aze afikelele kwizigqibo.

Ezi nkqubo azifane zinyanzeleke kwizigqibo zokugqibela zikawonke-wonke (ngokuqhelekileyo zithatyathwa ngabameli abanyuliweyo), kodwa zisoloko ziboniswa njengenempembelelo enkulu. Iindibano zabemi ziye zasetyenziswa ngempumelelo kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo ukucombulula imicimbi edidayo kuquka utshintsho lokhetho, inkqubo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nemibuzo yezomgaqo-siseko.

Ukubandakanyeka kwabemi kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo kuye kwaboniswa ukuyila inkqubo engcono nokunyusa ukufaneleka kwezobupolitika kwezigqibo zenkxwaleko zesizwe (njengomzekelo waseIreland wezigwebo zabemi ezithetha ngokuqhomfa). Xa abemi bebona ukuba oontanga babo baye bayiqwalasela ngenyameko imbambano kwaye bafikelela kwizigqibo, basengozini kakhulu ukwamkela imigaqo ephumezayo nokuba bona ngokwabo abavumelani nayo.

Iingenelo Zokuba Nolwalamano Olungenamaqhinga

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwengingqi yengingqi yengingqi kungenza ukuba izintlu zobuntlola ezinamandla ezinika uhlalutyo olungcono lweziphumo ezinokubakho kunye nolwandiso olubanzi lwenkqubo yowiso-mthetho jikelele ukwenzela iziphumo eziphezulu, eziqukayo nezimeleyo zepalamente, ukuthemba nokuthembana kwabemi epalamente, ukuqinisa ukufaneleka nokufaneleka kwezigqibo nezenzo, kunye nokuphucula ukuqonda indima yepalamente kunye neepalamente zabemi.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba, okubumba iqondo lokuqala elibalulekileyo phakathi kwesiseko esingundoqo sedemokhrasi, kufak ’ isandla ekuqondeni okucace ngakumbi nokunetyala ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okunempumelelo kwenkqubo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kuya kuxhasa abemi ukuba baqonde ubunzima kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nenkqubo yolawulo, ukwenza imigaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke kwimekobume yengxoxo nokuphuhlisa ingqiqo yoxanduva.

Inkqubo Yomthetho: Amathuba Okungeniswa Kwegalelo Lesizwe

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho idla ngokuba namanqanaba amathandathu, ngalinye elilawulwa ngabadlali abahlukahlukeneyo kwaye lisenokuquka amathuba okuba nenxaxheba kubemi. Ukuqonda la maqondo kunceda abemi bafumane ezona thuba zibalulekileyo zokubandakanyeka nempembelelo.

Ulungiso lwe Agenda nokwazisa

Iqonga lokuqala libandakanya ukuchonga imiba efuna ingqalelo yowiso-mthetho kunye nokulungisa iindleko ezicetyiweyo. Imigudu yobuchule ingundoqo ekuncedeni ukuseka yomibini imithetho kunye noqingqo-mali, kwaye kukho iingongoma ezininzi kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho apho unokubandakanyeka khona ngokungakumbi . "Ukwenza uxwebhu oluya kungena nokufakwa kwemali kulo nokumiswa kwalo kumthetho, kwaye ukubaluleka kokubandakanyeka akunakutyunjwa ngokugqithisileyo.

Xa kuveliswa umthetho olungileyo, abameli bangakhupha ukhupho-zincwadi kunye/okanye babhale iileta eziqhwabisa intshayelelo yemali, njengoko abamisi-mthetho beluxabisa uxabiso lukawonke-wonke lomsebenzi wabo, ingakumbi xa uvela kwimibutho kwaye wabelana nabanye kwisithili sabo. Inkxaso yangaphambili inganceda ukwakha inkqubela yomthetho kunye nomqondiso kwabanye abenzi bomthetho ukuba irekho ukuxhasa uluntu.

Ulwazelelelo lweKomiti

Uhlolo lwekomiti lumela iqondo elibalulekileyo apho abemi be-ofisi benokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo. Umsebenzi omninzi owenziweyo kwityala letyala uyenzeka kwikomiti, apho abaLawuli beKomiti kunye namalungu akwisikhundla esiphezulu begqiba ukuba ziziphi iindleko eziza kufumana ingqalelo eninzi, kwaye iikomiti zinokufumana ukuchongwa kwetyala, zimisele kwaye zifumane imvume, kwaye zivote ekuvumeni kwemali-mali. //okanye bangavumela ukuba ityala life ngokusilela ukuthatha inyathelo, kwaye ukuba ityala libolelwe livunyiwe kwikomiti, lixelwe kwiNdlukwano yonke okanye kwiNtsimbi yeencwadi ukuze liqwalaselwe ingqalelo.

Abameli basenokubhalela amalungu eKomiti baze bakhuthaze ukuthatha inyathelo, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhuthaza amanye amangqina ukuba afake iindlebe kumthetho ongundoqo, ingakumbi ukunxiba amaqhosha, amacwecwe ancanyathiselweyo, okanye ii-t-rert ezichaza isikhundla okanye unxulumano lwentlangano. Imiboniso yenkxaso ebonakalayo inokuba nempembelelo kumalungu ekomiti ngokubonakalisa umdla othe ngqo kwimbambano ethile.

Ingxoxo yeNkcubeko noLuvo

IiBhili ezingaphandle kwekomiti zibekwe kwikhalenda yeNdlu okanye yeNdlu yeeNtsimbi ukuze kuxoxwe ngazo zonke iigumbi, yaye abamisi-mthetho abaxhasayo nabachasayo ityala banikwa ithuba lokuthetha ngetyala ebudeni bengxoxo. Ngeli nqanaba, abemi balapho banokuqhagamshelana nabameli babo ukuze bavakalise inkxaso okanye inkcaso baze banikele iingongoma zokuthetha ezinokusetyenziswa ngabamisi-mthetho ngengxoxo.

Ixesha langaphambi nje kokuvota kwangoko kwimigangatho lisoloko libalulekile kubuchule bokuvota. Abalawuli abangancedwanga bangaphenjelelwa lunxibelelwano oludityanisiweyo, kwaye kwanabo bachaze iindawo zabo bangatshintsha iivoti zabo ukuba beva inkcazelo ekhutshwayo evela kwisithili sabo. Amaqela aququzelelayo avelisa imiqulu emikhulu yoqhakamshelwano olukhoyo anokuba nempumelelo ngokukodwa ngexesha eli.

Ukusebenza nokulawula

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kubemi akumele kuphele xa ityala liba ngumthetho. Isigaba sokuzalisekisa, xa amasebe karhulumente evelisa imithetho neenkqubo zokuqhuba imithetho emitsha, zinika amathuba awongezelelekileyo okungeniswa. Kufuneka ukuba abameli abaninzi bafumane amagqabaza phambi kokuba kugqitywe imithetho, kwaye abemi bangayinikela ingxelo eneenkcukacha ngendlela imithetho emele isetyenziswe ngayo.

Ukungaqwalaselwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Abahlali bangajonga indlela imithetho enyanzeliswa ngayo, bachaze iingxaki ngokuzalisekiswa, bakhuthaze ulungiso okanye inkqubela. Oku kusetyenziswa kwempendulo kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iphumeze iinjongo zayo kwaye iyakwazi ukwazisa imigudu yexesha elizayo yowiso-mthetho.

Ukwakha Ubuchule Obuphumelelayo Bokusebenzisa Iziyobisi

Ukuze uphumelele kwimisebenzi yezopolitiko kufuneka ube nobuchule nolwazi.

Intlanganiso yophando neNkcubeko

Ukuhlola iingxelo zovotelo zabamisi-mthetho, iindleko ezixhaswayo, kunye neengxelo zezentlalo-ntle yasekuhlaleni, zingabonisa ukuba ngaba bangumxhasi, abachasi, okanye abangoondilele kwinjongo yakho. Uphando olupheleleyo lunceda abameli baqonde imimandla yezobupolitika baze baqonde okona kunokwenzeka kwimigudu yabo.

Ukuqonda indlela iziphumo zengxelo ezichaphazela ngayo isithili okanye iziqu zommisi-mthetho wakho nokuqokelela ugcino-lwazi oluthembekileyo ngeziphumo zobulali kungakunceda ukuba ulungise izicelo zakho zomthetho ngendlela evakalayo kubenzi bemithetho yakho. Abameli bamkeleke kakhulu kwimibandela echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amalungu abo, ngoko ukubonisa impembelelo yasekuhlaleni kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubuchule Bonxibelelwano Obunempumelelo

Kuluncedo ukuba nephepha elinye elineencam zembumbulu ukukunceda ukhumbule oko uzakuthetha okanye ukuthumela kubenzi bemithetho bakho, kwaye awumele ulindele ukuba ummisi-mthetho azi onke amagama acacileyo (ngaphandle kokuba baziingcali). Bhala okanye uthethe ngendlela yokuba nabani na aqonde. Incokola efikelelekayo ibalulekile ekufikeleleni abenzi benkqubo abaxakekileyo abangenakuqhelana neenkcukacha zobugcisa.

Ukuthetha ibali lobuqu kunokwenza kube lula ngabamisi-mthetho ukuba bachaze ukuba unolwazi lobuqu ngembambano ethile. Iingxelo zobuqu zichaza iingxoxo zoluntu zenkqubo yoluntu kwaye zincede abenzi bomthetho baqonde iziphumo zokwenene zezigqibo zabo. Amabali asoloko ekhumbuleka kwaye enyanzelisa kunamanani kuphela.

Ukuba udibana nomntu, ungashiya ileta okanye ummisi-mthetho omnye okanye iofisi yabo, kwaye kufuneka ukhumbule ukugcina unxibelelwano lwakho lufutshane (lungadluli kumaphepha amabini) kwaye luqondeke lula. Izinto ze Concise zisenokufundwa zize zigcinwe zii-ofisi zowiso-mthetho ezixakekileyo.

Ukwakha Ulwalamano Nabaqulunqi

Abaququzeleli basemthethweni abanomdla ekusebenzeni kwimicimbi basoloko benonxibelelwano lobuqu kubo, kwaye ukwakha ulwalamano nabamisi-mthetho kuvula umnyango wokusebenza ngokusondele ngakumbi nabo ukuze kuvezwe amatyala, ukunceda ekuqulunqeni ulwimi, ukukhuthaza ingxoxo ngemibandela, nasekufumaneni inkxaso. Ulwalamano lwexesha elide olwakhelwe ekuthembekeni kunye nokuhlonelana lunempumelelo kakhulu kunabantu bexesha elinye.

Kuyingenelo kakhulu ukuseka nokugcina ulwalamano oluzinzileyo nabamisi-mthetho phakathi kweentlanganiso, xa ummisi-mthetho wakho enexesha elininzi, ukuze xa ityala lisebenza ubandakanyeke lula. Ukutyala ulwalamano ngexesha loxolo kunika iingenelo xa kufuneka ubuchule obungxamisekileyo.

Ukufanisa abamisi-mthetho abasele bexhasa isikhundla sakho nokuthetha nabo baye bavota ukuxhasa okanye ukuxhasa umba wakho kwixesha elidlulileyo, okanye oye wancokola nabo kutshanje kubalulekile, njengokuba abalawuli abanomdla wobuqu bengabaxhasi bendalo qha, ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukhuthaza ukufikelela okungakumbi komzimba kwabo baneziphene, ummisi-mthetho okwilungu lentsapho elinovelwano, uyakwazi ukuqonda le ngxaki kwaye abe novelwano.

Isakhiwo Sokwakhela Imali

Ukusebenza nabanye kunegalelo kwaye kuncedise umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokukhuthaza ubugqwirha. Iimbutho zobunyani zihlanganisa imibutho eyahlukeneyo nabantu abanosukelo olunye, kwanokuba bahlukene kweminye imibandela. Imibutho esebenzayo imisela iinjongo ezicacileyo, izahlulelo, iimbopheleleko, inxibelelanisa imiyalezo, kwaye imisela umphambili omanyanisiweyo kubenzi benkqubo.

Ukwakha imibutho kufuna ukwazi ukuba zinokuba ngamaqabane afanayo, ukufumana iindawo ezidibeneyo, kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhiwo zokwenza izigqibo ezisebenzisanayo. Imibutho ephumelelayo idla ngokuquka imibutho enamalungu ahlukeneyo, kwaye amanye asenokuba nobuchule obukhulu bemigaqo, kanti amanye asenokuba nolwalamano oluqinileyo nabalawuli abangundoqo. Ngokudibanisa ezi zinto, imibutho ingenza iziphumo zokuba imibutho nganye ayinakukwazi ukuzenza yodwa.

Iingxaki Nezithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba

Ngoxa iinkqubo zedemokhrasi zinika amathuba amaninzi okuba nenxaxheba kubemi, imiqobo eyahlukahlukeneyo isenokuthintela abantu ekubeni bangenelele ngokunempumelelo kwiinkqubo zokwenza umthetho. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuveliseni iindlela zokuzoyisa nokuvelisa inxaxheba engakumbi.

Ulwazi Nezithintelo Zokufikelela

Abemi abaninzi abanalwazi ngendlela enokwenziwa ngayo imithetho, xa kuvela amathuba okuba nenxaxheba, nendlela yokuzibandakanya ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zowiso-mthetho, iintetho zobugcisa, nokubonakala okulinganiselweyo kunokwenza kube nzima kubemi abaqhelekileyo ukuqonda nokuthatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni imithetho.

Ukufikelela kubenzi bemithetho nabenzi besigqibo kusenokungalingani. Abo banobuncwane bemali, unxulumano olungoogxa-nxaxheba, okanye ukusondelelana kwelizwe kumaziko karhulumente basoloko benazo iingenelo ekufikeleleni abenzi benkqubo. Ukwahlulwa kwamanani kungashiya abo bangakhange bafumaneke kwi-intanethi ethembekileyo kumathuba okuthabatha inxaxheba, lo gama ukukhubazeka komzimba kungenza imiqobo yokuya kwiintlanganiso eziqhutywayo.

Ixesha noMngeniselo weSibonelelo

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba abemi banembopheleleko yokuba nenxaxheba, baze bagqibe ukuba bafanele babe nenxaxheba okanye bachithe ixesha elingakanani, kufuneka bacinge ngezinto eziliqela.

Ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kudla ngokufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo olunentsingiselo oluneenjongo zexesha elininzi, lokuhlola imicimbi, ukuya kwiintlanganiso, ukuqhubana nabanye, nokulandela abamisi-mthetho. Kubantu abasebenza imisebenzi emininzi okanye abanyamekela amalungu entsapho, ukufumana ixesha lokubotshwa kwemibutho yoluntu kusenokuba lucelomngeni olugqithisileyo. Ngaloo ndlela ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kungaguqulela ekubeni kube kukungalingani kwezobupolitika, njengokuba abo banemiqathango ebhetyebhetye ngakumbi kunye nabo banezinto ezininzi abanamathuba okuba nenxaxheba.

Ukucekisa Nokunganeliseki

Abemi abaninzi abathathi nxaxheba kurhulumente wethu, kodwa abavoti okanye abathathi nxaxheba kwiindlela ezininzi ekuxutyushwa ngazo. Ukungaqhekeki malunga nokuba inxaxheba kunokwenza umahluko kunokuthintela ukuganana. Xa abemi bekholelwa ukuba izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo zilawula inkqubo okanye ukuba amazwi abo awanamsebenzi, basenokurhoxa ngokupheleleyo ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwezobupolitika.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi noorhulumente basekuhlaleni luye lwaphela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo ngenxa yentsilelo ekudluliselweni kwenkonzo kawonke wonke, yaye ukuba nenxaxheba ekuhleni kudla ngokuxoxwa njengendlela enye yokusabela ekulahleni ukuthembana nolawulo loluntu, ingakumbi kwiUK, eYurophu, nakwezinye idemokhrasi. Ukuthembana ngokwakha kudinga ukubonisa ukuba inxaxheba ivelisa iziphumo ezicacileyo.

Ukuzimela Ngokwakhe Nokuzinikela Ngokugqithisileyo

Umbuzo wokuba imizekelo yasekuhlaleni yenzelwe ukuphumeza inkqubo esemthethweni okanye ibandakanya ummi kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo kubalulekile, njengokuba kuqheliselo oluninzi lokuthabatha inxaxheba, zenzelwe kuphela ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezisemthethweni okanye zigqalwa njengomsebenzi wonxibelelwano noluntu kufutshane namaxesha onyulo. Xa amathuba okuthabatha inxaxheba efana nje nomfuziselo kunokuba asetyenziswe, anokuvelisa ukugxeka nokudibaniselana ngekamva.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kokwenene kufuna ukuba ungeno lommi luphembelele ngenene iziphumo. Umgaqo wokuthabatha inxaxheba kuwonke-wonke uthi abo bachaphazelekayo kwisigqibo banelungelo lokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo, kwaye ukuba nenxaxheba kowonke wonke kubonisa ukuba igalelo likawonke-wonke linokuphembelela iziphumo zokwenza izigqibo. Xa oorhulumente becela igalelo kodwa belityeshela, bakwenza buthathaka ukufaneleka kweenkqubo zokuthambisa.

Impembelelo Yokuba Nenxaxheba Kulawulo

Ukumisela ukungenelela ngqo kolawulo, ukusetyenziswa komthetho, nokusesikweni kwentlalo, njengokuba ingcamango ikukuba uluntu lufanele lubandakanyeke ngokuzeleyo kwinkqubo yenkqubo yokuba amagunya afune iimbono zikawonke-wonke nokuthatha inxaxheba kunokuba aphathe uluntu njengabamkeli nje abangengabo abasebenzayo kwizigqibo zemigaqo, kwaye intelekelelo esisiseko phakathi kwabalawuli bezobupolitika, abathathi-nxaxheba kwezentlalo-ntle, nabezobupolitika kukuba ukuthelekisa uluntu kunyuse ukuthemba okusemgangathweni kwabasemagunyeni, ukukhuthaza imilinganiselo yezopolitiko, ukukhuthaza iinjongo zedemokhrasi, kwanokuphucula nomgangatho wezigqibo.

Iziphumo eziphucukileyo zomgaqo-nkqubo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kubemi kungayikhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono zenkqubo ngokudibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo nolwazi lwasekuhlaleni abazakheli benkqubo abanokuthi baphoswe ngandlel' ithile. Abantu abachaphazelekayo yimigaqo-nkqubo basoloko benolwazi ngendlela eziya kusebenza ngayo ezo nkqubo, iziphumo ezingacetywanga, nezisombululo zendalo ezingenakubakho kwimimiselo-mthetho okanye kwii-bhulureaucrates.

Kumabhunga ezindlu aseBrazil, agunyaziswa ngo-2005, abami baxhasa inkqubo yokuyila ukuphumelela nokusabela okungakumbi kokunikezelwa kweenkonzo zikarhulumente zikarhulumente. Lo mzekelo ubonisa indlela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuthabatha inxaxheba enokuthi iphucule ngayo indlela urhulumente asebenzela ngayo abemi.

Umthetho Wedemokhrasi Onyuliweyo

Ukugunyaziswa kwezobupolitika koorhulumente bedemokhrasi ngokwemo-module kuxhomekeke ngokwemo-mgangatho wokuthabatha inxaxheba elinganiswe ngomgangatho womvoti kunyulo, kodwa kufuneka kubekho ukugunyaziswa nokukhutshwa kwenkululeko yokuthetha nokungakhutshwa kwemvume eveliswa kwingqungquthela kawonke-wonke.(ii-Pixel-thistiki kufuneka zibandakanye kwingxoxo emalunga nemibandela, zingakhutshwanga ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi olunokuthenjwa kunye namathuba okuphembelela izigqibo, kwaye zibe namalungelo enkululeko yokuthetha nokuqhankca.

Xa abemi benenxaxheba enyanisweni ekwenzeni umthetho, bakhulisa imvakalelo yokuba ngabaphathi kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo. Oku kusebenza kunye kwandisa ukuthobela imithetho kwaye kunciphisa ukuxhathisa ekuzalisekiseni. Abantu banokuvuma nokuxhasa imithetho abayincedisayo, kwanaxa loo migaqo ifuna iinguqu kwindlela yokuziphatha.

Imfundo Yamagunya

Ukuba nenxaxheba kuya kwenza abemi bafundiswe kule nkqubo, baphucule impahla yabo, bavakalelwe kukuba bakwinkqubo. Ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokwenza umthetho kufundisa abemi ngendlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo, ubunkimbinkimbi bemiba yezomthetho, nokubaluleka kokulalanisa nokucetyiswa ekwenzeni izigqibo zedemokhrasi.

Lo msebenzi wokufundisa ubangela umjikelo obonakalisa isidima, njengoko abemi beba nolwazi olungakumbi kunye nobuchule bokuthabatha inxaxheba, baba ngabameli abanempumelelo ngakumbi namalungu athenjiswe uluntu. Bahlakulela ubuchule boluntu obungancedi nje kuphela imigudu yabo yokuphatha i-athom kodwa kwanenxaxheba yabo kubomi bedemokhrasi.

Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni: Isiseko Solawulo - melo

Enye yezona ndlela ziphumelelayo zokuthabatha inxaxheba nokukuqonda oko kusenziwa ngoorhulumente basekuhlaleni, njengoko oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bekwindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo ngenxa yokuba basondele ngakumbi kubemi, yaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basondeza urhulumente kubemi, yaye oku kuzisa ithuba lokuba nenxaxheba ekuzimiseleni kwabemi ngeemfuno zabo ngokuphathelele ubomi basedolophini ukusa kumlinganiselo ongenakuthelekiswa nanto.

Ngeli xesha iBhunga lase-U.S. lisenokuba lidlulisa i-2% yamatyala, izindlu zowiso-mthetho noorhulumente basekuhlaleni benza izigqibo ezininzi ezinempembelelo kwimibandela ebalulekileyo echaphazela ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla njengezindlu, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, enoba eso sikhala sivulekile sikufuphi nathi siya kuba yindawo yokupaka izithuba okanye ipaki, kwaye okungakumbi. Izigqibo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zisoloko zinempembelelo ekhawulezileyo nebonakalayo kubomi babemi bemihla ngemihla kunemithetho yesizwe.

Igalelo linika iingenelo ezininzi. Unxulumano lwe-grafi lwenza kube lula kubemi ukuya kwiintlanganiso nakunxibelelana namagosa. Iingxaki zasekuhlaleni zidla ngokuba zingqineke kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuziqonda kunemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe entsonkothileyo. Amagosa asekuhlaleni alula kakhulu kunabameli bakarhulumente okanye borhulumente.

Abahlali abaninzi basekuhlaleni baye bamisela iinkqubo zokucwangcisa ezivumela abahlali ukuba bagqibe ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iinxalenye ezithile zoqingqo-mali lusetyenziswa njani. La mava asekuhlaleni anokuba yindlela yokuqeqesha iziko loluntu.

Izixhobo Zamanani Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwale Mihla

Ubugcisa buye batshintsha indlela abemi abanokuba nenxaxheba ngayo ekwenzeni imithetho, nto leyo ebangela amathuba amatsha ngoxa kuvela iingxaki ezintsha.

UlwimiLanguage

Kule migangatho kukho ii-ccut ezininzi ze-intanethi ezivumela ukuba abemi babe nenxaxheba ekwenzeni umthetho. Ii-website ezicelayo zivumela ukuqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza kwemibandela, kunceda amawaka okanye izigidi zabantu ukuba zibonise inkxaso kwiinjongo. Ukulandelela imigaqo yezixhobo kunceda abemi balapho bajonge iindleko, baqonde imeko yabo, baze baqonde amathuba okungeniswa kwazo. I-imeyile kunye ne-media yezentlalo yenza kube lula kunanini na ngaphambili ukuqhagamshelana nabameli nokudlulisela imiyalezo yezonochule.

Ezi zixhobo zisezantsi ezithintela ukuba zingenelele ngokucutha ixesha nomgudu ofunekayo ukuze uthathe inyathelo. Noko ke, ziphakamisa imibuzo malunga nomgangatho kunye nempembelelo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwamanani. Abaququzeli basenokungakufuni ukwenza ii-imeyili okanye izibongozo ze-intanethi njengengenantsingiselo kunezo zonxibelelwano lobuqu okanye kwintlanganiso. Ukudityaniswa kwemivo okunesiphumo kudla ngokufuna ukudibanisa izixhobo ze-intanethi kunye neendlela zokubophelela eziqhelekileyo.

Iintlanganiso Ezizenyani Zasesidlangalaleni

Isifo se-COVOID-19 esikhawulezileyo sokusetyenziswa kobugcisa benyani kwiintlanganiso zikarhulumente. Ngoku amaqumrhu amaninzi owiso-mthetho anika ubungqina obusemgangathweni, iikomiti ezihlala kwimida ephakamileyo, kunye neeholo zedolophana ezizizo. Ezi zinto zinokunyusa ukufumaneka kwabantu abaneziphene, abo baneengxaki zezithuthi, okanye abo baneengxaki zokucwangcisa.

Noko ke, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwenyani kunika ucelomngeni. Iingxaki zobuchule zingasusa abathathi-nxaxheba. Ukunqongophala kobukho bobuso obujongene nobuso kunganciphisa impembelelo engokweemvakalelo yobungqina. Kwahlulwa ngokwamanani kuthetha ukuba asingabo bonke abemi abanamathuba alinganayo okuthabatha inxaxheba. Ukufikelela okudityaniswa kwi-etherson kunye nokhetho lwenyani lunganika okona kulungileyo kwezo hlabathi zombini.

Intetho Yezopolitiko Nezobupolitika

Amaqonga ee-web-lunia ee-web-odokisi aye aba zizithuba ezibalulekileyo zengxubusho yezopolitiko nezokuququzelela. Abahlali basebenzisa ezi migangatho ukwabelana ngenkcazelo, ukulungiselela amaphulo kunye nengcinezelo yamagosa anyuliweyo. Amaphulo e-Hashtag anokuphakamisa ngokukhawuleza uluvo ngemibandela kwaye abonise iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke. Abameli basoloko bejonga amajelo-messages kwimibutho ukuze bajonge iimbono zentlalo.

Kanti amajelo eendaba akwanika imingeni yokuba nenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Amagumbi okuchola intloko angaqinisa iinkolelo ezikhoyo kunokukhuthaza ukucingisiswa. IMisformation isasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Imithetho-mthetho isenokubeka isiseko esithe ngqo sokuganana ngokuchanekileyo. Kwaye ukukhawuleza kwemiba yezentlalo yonxibelelwano kungayibeka ngaphaya kwemiba enzima. Abami kufuneka bahlakulele ubuchule bokufunda ukuqhubana nezi ngxaki.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngemibutho Yokuba Nenxaxheba Kubemi

Amazwe awahlukahlukeneyo aye avelisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuba nenxaxheba ekwenzeni umthetho, enikela izifundo ezibalulekileyo nemizekelo yokomeleza ukuganana ngedemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke.

Amanye amazwe anemiqathango efuna ukuba nenxaxheba kubemi kwizigqibo ezithile. Amanye aye aseka amaziko okunikela inxaxheba asisigxina njengeebhunga zabemi okanye iibhodi zolawulo. Ukuncedisa ekusebenziseni uqingqo-mali, olwaqala eBrazil, lusasazeke kwizixeko ezininzi ehlabathini lonke. Iceland ingeniso efunyenweyo yokuguqula umGaqo-siseko. ITaiwan ivavanye imigangatho yedemokhrasi ebangela uphando olukhulu lweziko.

Le mizekelo yehlabathi ibonisa ukuba akukho mzekelo mnye wokusebenza kakuhle kommi. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zinokusetyenziswa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kuxhomekeke kwizithethe zezobupolitika, kwizakhiwo, nakwimiqathango ethile. Kodwa ke, imigaqo eqhelekileyo ivela kwimizekelo ephumelelayo: ukubonakala, ukusabela, namathuba okwenyaniso okuchaphazeleka kwabemi kwiziphumo zempembelelo.

Ikamva Lommi Onenxaxheba Ekwenzeni Umthetho

Njengoko ulawulo-melo lujamelene nocelomngeni lokungathembani kwimibutho, ukuthatyathwa-nxaxheba kwezobupolitika, neengxaki zomhlaba wonke, ukuqinisa inxaxheba ekwenzeni umthetho kubaluleka ngakumbi. Umbuzo oqhubekayo ngolawulo-melo uxhalabisa umlinganiselo, ubunzulu, nokungalawuleki okuyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi wedemokhrasi ukuze kungenelwe abantu (ukuba idemokhrasi ayithathi cala likhulu, ingaba ngurhulumente, olawulwa ngabantu, okanye uxhomekeke kakhulu kubameli babantu, abagwetywa ngamaxesha athile ngabemi ngonyulo lukawonke wonke, ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa ulawulo-demokhrasi olulungileyo?

Ukukhululeka ngoku kuphantse kube yinto ekhoyo kodwa kubalulekile ukugqitha kwindlela ezithile zokuzikisa nokuqonda ukuba ulawulo-melo olunamandla lufuna 'inkqubo ekhoyo yokuthabatha inxaxheba', apho ukufikelela okuninzi konke kudlala indima ekunikeni amathuba abemi ukuba babandakanyeke. Ikamva lifuna amathuba akhulayo nangaphi na angakumbi kunokuba kuxhomekeke kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo enye.

Ubugcisa obudibanisayo bungadala amathuba amatsha okuba nenxaxheba, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokuvota ezisekelwe kwibloko ezithintelayo ukuya kwizixhobo zobuchule ezinceda abemi balapho baqonde imigaqo entsonkothileyo. Noko ke, ubugcisa bodwa abunakucombulula iingxaki zokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi. Ukuzibophelela okuqinileyo ukudibanisa, okunentsingiselo kusafuneka.

Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokwabelana nokuzibandakanya nabenzi benkqubo, abemi bemihla ngemihla banokuba ngabathunywa abanamandla bokuguqula, baguqule imimandla yabo, uhlanga kwanehlabathi. Ikamva ledemokhrasi lixhomekeke kubemi abawaqondayo amandla abo noxanduva lwabo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokwenza umthetho.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okuqalisa

Kubemi abafuna ukubandakanyeka ngakumbi ekwenzeni umthetho kodwa abakwazi apho baza kuqala khona, bethabatha amanyathelo amancinane, amacwecwe aqinileyo anokulwakha ulweyiseko nobuchule ngokuhamba kwexesha.

  • Zifundise ngokwakho:[ Funda ngendlela imithetho eyenziwe ngayo kuluntu lwakho, kurhulumente, nakwilizwe. Ukuqonda isakhiwo sikarhulumente kwaye chonga ukuba ngubani okumeleyo kumanqanaba awahlukeneyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ichaza izinto zakho eziza kuqala: chaza ukuba yeyiphi imibandela ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe kwaye apho ufuna ukuqwalasela imigudu yakho yokuyila. Ukuqalisa ngento enye okanye ezimbini kukuvumela ukuba uphuhlise ubuchule nolwakhiwo lolwalamano.
  • [[UMTL:0] Unxulumene nabanye:[ Imibutho esebenza kwimiba oyikhathaleleyo. Yiya kwiintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni kwaye unxulumane nabamelwane abanoxanduva lwakho. Ukwakha intengo kuqinisa amazwi omntu ngamnye.
  • Isiqalo soqalo lwasekuhlaleni: Qala kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni apho ufikelelo lulula khona kwaye iziphumo zibonakala kakhulu. Impumelelo kumgangatho wobulali yakha ubuchule kunye nentembelo yokubandakanyeka kumgangatho ophezulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Jongana nabameli bakho: Yenza uqhagamshelwano lwakho lokuqala negosa elinyuliweyo. Qala nge email elula okanye umnxeba ochaza indawo yakho kumbandela. Ukuqhelisela kwenza oku kube lula ukudlula ixesha.
  • Intlanganiso kawonke-wonke: phawula intlanganiso yebhunga lesixeko, ukuchotshelwa kwekomiti yowiso-mthetho, okanye iholo yedolophu. Ukubona le nkqubo ngokwayo kuyenza ibe yeyokuhlupha urhulumente kwaye ityhila amathuba okuba nenxaxheba.
  • Yabelana ngebali lakho: Xa unolwazi ngomba, lwabelane ngabenzi benkqubo. Iingxelo zobuqu zizixhobo ezinamandla zokuxhasa inzala.
  • [[FLT: 0] Hlala usazi: Landela imithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo, tyikitya ingqwalaselo yemiba oyinamsebenzi ngayo. Ulwazi lwexesha lunceda ukwenza inyathelo elifike ngexesha.
  • Zingisa: imithetho etshintshayo ithatha ixesha kunye nomgudu oqinileyo. Musa ukudimazeka zizithintelo. Ukuphumelela kokufunda kudla ngokufuna imigudu emininzi kunye nozibophelelo lwexesha elide.
  • [[FLT: 0] Impumelelo ecacileyo: Ukuvuma uloyiso, olukhulu noluncinci. Ukuqonda inkqubela phambili kulondoloza intshukumisa kwaye kubonisa ukuba inxaxheba yenza umahluko.

Isiphelo: Indima Ebalulekileyo Yabemi Ekwenzeni Umthetho Wedemokhrasi

Abemi abangobantu balawulwa yimithetho nje kuphela kodwa abathathi-nxaxheba ababalulekileyo ekudalweni kwabo. Ukuba nenxaxheba ekuhleni kungajongwa njengendlela yokuxhobisa abantu kwaye njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo-demokhrasi. Impilo nokufaneleka kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabemi ekwenzeni imithetho.

Ukusuka ekuvoteleni nasekuqhagamshelaneni nabameli ukuya ekulungelelaniseni amaphulo oluntu nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yelogo, abemi banamathuba amaninzi okuphembelela indlela enziwe ngayo imithetho. Uhlobo ngalunye lokuthabatha inxaxheba lunegalelo kwidemokhrasi etyebileyo, esabelayo. Nangona imiqobo yokuthabatha inxaxheba ikho, ukuqonda ezi ngxaki linyathelo lokuqala ekuyilweni nasekudaleni iinkqubo zedemokhrasi eziquka zonke.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi nokwenza imithetho luphinde luphinde luphindene. Abemi babumba imithetho ngokuthabatha inxaxheba, kwaye ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokutshintsha indlela abemi abami abami abamile ngayo /ukulwa nolwazi, ubuchule, ulwalamano, kunye nokuzibophelela kumaxabiso edemokhrasi. Lo msebenzi wokufundisa uqinisekisa ukuba isizukulwana ngasinye sikhulisa ubuchule boluntu obufunekayo bokuzixhasa.

Njengoko imibutho ijongene nocelomngeni oluntsonkothileyo olufuna ukusetyenziswa kwemeko-bume kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ibe kukungalingani kwezoqoqosho ukuya kutsho kwingxaki yempilo yoluntu, imfuneko yokuba nenxaxheba ngamandla ekwenzeni umthetho iya isiba yeyona nto inzima. Imithetho eyenziwe ngokuquka, ngokungeyomfuneko isenokuba luncedo, isemthethweni, kwaye ixhaswe kunaleyo ibekwe ngaphezulu ngaphandle kolwazi oluthe ngqo.

Sifanele ukuba nesihlalo kwithebhile yokwenza inkqubo kuba inkqubo isekelwe kuko kokubili okwangoku nakwikamva lobomi bethu, kwaye ungazibanga uhleli kwaye ubhale isahluko esilandelayo sembali ngendlela ofuna ukuba ibe yiyo. Amandla okubumba imithetho kunye nempembelelo yezabelo angowabemi bonke, hayi nje abanyuliweyo amagosa okanye izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo. Ukusebenzisa amandla kufuna ulwazi, ubuchule, kunye nozibopho, kodwa imivuzo, uluntu, kunye nedemokhrasi ngokwayo.

Nokuba ngovoto, ngokukhetha, ngokuphatha, ngokulungiselela, ngokuququzelela, okanye ngokubalekela isikhundla, ummi ngamnye unamandla okufak' isandla ekwenzeni umthetho. Umbuzo asikokuba abemi bangayiphembelela kusini na imithetho, kodwa enoba baza kukhetha ukusebenzisa elo lungelo lisisiseko ledemokhrasi nembopheleleko. Ikamva lolawulo-demokhrasi lixhomekeke kwimpendulo.

Abo bafuna ukuqinisa ukuqonda kwabo ukuba nenxaxheba kobumi kunye nokudityaniswa ngolawulo lwedemokhrasi, oovimba abaninzi bakhona. Iintlangano ezifana noo- ezinika izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokubandakanyeka kwimithetho-siseko seCBICOS zinikela izinto zokufundisa malunga nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Izixhobo zeParlimericas ekuthabatheni inxaxheba yabemi [] zinika ukhokelo olusebenzisekayo ekubandakanyeni kwiinkqubo zowiso-mthetho. Imibutho yoluntu, amathala eencwadi, kunye namaziko emfundo asoloko enika iziseko zoshishino kunye noo-o-olwazi olufuna ukuba ngabaxhasi abanempumelelo.

Idemokhrasi asingomdlalo wababukeli. Kufuna ukuba abemi abathenjiweyo baqonde indima yabo ekubumbeni imithetho elawula ibutho labantu. Ngokusebenzisa le ndima nokusebenzisa amalungelo abo neembopheleleko, abemi baqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uhlale ehleli ngokwenene ebantwini, ngabantu, nakubantu. Umsebenzi wedemokhrasi awupheli. Ngoku kufuneka uhlaziywe ngokuqhubekayo ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kwisizukulwana ngasinye. Ixesha lokubandakanyeka kungoku, kwaye ithuba lilelamntu wonke.