Iinkonzo ze-Ireland ze-e-operal-burhulumente zilungise indlela abemi abasebenzisana ngayo nolawulo lukarhulumente, besuka kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiphepha baye kumava angenamthungo. Ukusukela ekunyuseni irhafu ngokubuyisela nge-Genetive Online Service (ROS) ukuze bahlaziye kwakhona imvume yokuqhuba okanye bafumane intlawulo yentlalo-ntle yabantu, la maqonga anika uncedo, isantya, kunye nokufumaneka. Kodwa olu tshintsho lwezintluphengululo luzisa uxanduva olufanayo: ukhuseleko lomntu ngamnye wobuqu. Njengoko umthamo wolwazi oluchuku oluchuku oluphuma kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente ukhula, ukukhuselwa kogcino-data olungena mvume. Eli nqaku lihlola indima esembindini yokhuseleko kwiinkonzo zogcino-data kwii-Irish-195, uvavanyo lweziko, ubugcisa, kunye noqheliso lwendlela zogcino-data, njengoko kusenziwa ngomngeniselo lwexesha elizayo lobugcineno lwezingelwano.

Ukubaluleka kokukhusela ugcino-lwazi kwiinkonzo zamanani oluntu

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi luyindawo yokuthemba urhulumente wezobugcisa. Ngalonke ixesha ummi efaka irhafu, esetyenziswa xa enikwa imvume, okanye efumana iirekhodi zempilo kwi-intanethi, baphathisa urhulumente iinkcukacha eziphezulu zobuqu. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko olunamandla, oko kuthemba kuyaphela. E-Ireland, apho ukugcinwa kwe-e-curectory kuye kwakhula khona — ingakumbi emva kobhubhani we-COVID wowe — ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi akuyo imbopheleleko esemthethweni kodwa kuyimfuneko ekufuneka ugcine intembelo kawonke-wonke.

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi olunempumelelo lukhusela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga, ukuba ulwazi, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kogcino-lwazi okunokuba nemiphumo etshabalalisayo kubantu ngabanye. Kukwakhusela ingqibelelo yemisebenzi karhulumente. Ukuqhekezwa kwenkqubo kawonke-wonke kunokuphazamisa iinkonzo, kulalanisa ukhuseleko lobuzwe, kwaye konakalise igama lelizwe le-Ireland elisehlabathini lonke njengelizwe elikhule ngokwezimvo. Ngaphezu koko, xa abemi beqinisekile ukuba inkcazelo yabo iphethwe ngokufanelekileyo, basengozini yokubandakanyeka kwiinkonzo zezentelekelelo, ukuqhuba iinkonzo ezithelekelela phambili kulawulo lukawonke-wonke.

Ngapha koko kukhuseleka okukhawulezileyo, ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi luqinisa amaxabiso edemokhrasi. Abami banelungelo lokufumana i-odolo-type, kwaye uqheliselo logcino-lwazi olucacileyo luxhasa oko kulungileyo. Iiplatfomu zase-Ireland mazingalandeli nje kuphela imimiselo kodwa zikwanxibelelana ngokucacileyo nendlela eqokelelwa ngayo, esetyenziswayo, kwaye egcinwe ngayo. Oku kuvula lula ukwakha umjikelo onesidima: ukhuseleko olungcono lukhokelela ekuthembeni okungakumbi, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kwamanani angakumbi.

ISiseko soMgaqo-siseko: IGDPR kunye noMthetho woKhuselo loMgaqo-nkqubo we-Irish

Indlela yokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi kulawulo luka-e-ace ibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo kumthetho we-European Union. Jikelele uKhuselo logcino-lwazi (GDPR), oluthathe isiphumo kwi-EU ngomhla wama-25 Meyi 2018, lumisela umgangatho ophezulu wokuphatha ugcino-lwazi lobuqu. Njengorhulumente we-EU, i-Ireland isebenzisa GDPR ngqo ecaleni komthetho wesizwe — ingakumbi i- DAT Umthetho wokhuselo 2018 , owengezayo nokutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwe-GDPR kulwazi lobuqu.

Phantsi kwe-GDPR, nawuphi na umbutho olungiselela ugcino-lwazi lobuqu — kuquka amaqumrhu karhulumente — kufuneka unamathele kwimithetho engqongqo eyenzelwe ukunika amandla abantu ngabanye nokugcina abalawuli bogcino-lwazi benetyala. Kwinkonzo ye-Ireland e- ofisi, oku kuthetha ukuba iqonga ngalinye le-Fregi kufuneka lenziwe ngokhuseleko logcino-lwazi engqondweni, ukusuka kwingqokelela yokuqala yogcino-lwazi ukuya kufikelela kwindawo egcinwe kuyo, ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ekugqibeleni icinywe.

IKhomishini yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi (DPC) yaseIreland ligunya elizimeleyo lolawulo elijongene nokunyanzelisa iGDPR kunye noMthetho woKhuselo logcino-lwazi. Isingatha izikhalazo, iinkokeli, kwaye iyakwazi ukubeka iimali ezibalulekileyo kwi-DPC engagqibelelanga. I-DPC ikwanika ukhokelo kumaqumrhu oluntu kwimisebenzi elungileyo, iqinisekisa ukuba inyathelo eliququkeleleneyo nolindelo lomthetho. Abami bangaphethulela kwi-DPC ukuba bakholelwa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lwabo luye lwaphoxelwa phantsi, bewanika indlela engqalileyo yokulungisa.

Ukuziqonda ngokunzulu iimfuno zeGDPR, bhekisa kumphathi-mikhosi GDPR.eu icebo, elichaza imiqathango engundoqo yomthetho. Ukongeza, iKhomishini yoKhuselo ye-Ireland inika ukhokelo olubanzi oluxonxiweyo lwecandelo loluntu lwase-Ireland.

Imigaqo engundoqo yeGDPR kwi-Irish E-Government

GDPR yakhiwe kwisiseko semigaqo engundoqo ebumba ngqo indlela iinkonzo ze-Irish e- ce transmittery eziqhelisela ngayo ugcino-lwazi. Le migaqo ayiyonto ikhethwayo; iyabopha kwaye kufuneka idinwe ngenkonzo nganye.

  • [[NTL:0] Ukungabikho semthethweni, okusesikweni, nokubonakala ngaphaya: Abami kufuneka baziswe ngolwimi olucacileyo, olucacileyo malunga nesizathu sokuba ugcino-lwazi lwabo luqokelelwe nendlela oluza kusetyenziswa ngayo. Izaziso zemfihlo kwii-website zikarhulumente kufuneka zifikeleleke lula kwaye ziqondeke.
  • Umlinganiselo wePurpose: Ugcino-lwazi oluqokelelwe ngenjongo enye — umzekelo, ukwenza isicelo soncedo lwentlalo-ntle — alunakusetyenziswa kamva ngenjongo engahambelaniyo ngaphandle kwemvume ecacileyo okanye isiseko esisemthethweni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ubalo-mali oluncinane: kuphela umlinganiselo omncinci wogcino-lwazi olufunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe injongo echaziweyo. Iinkonzo ze-Ireland e- ofisi kufuneka ziphephe ukucela ulwazi olugqithisileyo olungachananga ngqo.
  • Accurite: iziqu zikawonke-wonke kufuneka zithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi lobuqu luchanekile kwaye lugcinwe kude kube lixesha. Ingine kufuneka zibe neendlela ezicacileyo zokulungisa iimpazamo kwiirekhodi zazo.
  • Umlinganiselo wobungakanani: ugcino-lwazi lobuqu akufunekanga lugcinwe ixesha elide kunemfuneko. Iinkonzo kufuneka zichaze kwaye zinyanzelise ucwangciso lokuzinza, ngokukhuselekileyo cima i data xa ingasafuneki.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukungabikho semthethweni kunye nokugcinwa (ukugcinwa): amanyathelo obugcisa kunye nombutho afanelekileyo kufuneka akhusele ugcino-lwazi kulungiselelo olungagunyaziswanga okanye olungekho mthethweni, ukulahleka ngengozi, utshabalalo, okanye umonakalo.
  • [[UKWENZIWA:0] Uxanduva lwemali:[ Abalawuli bogcino-lwazi banomthwalo wokusebenzisa yonke imigaqo engasentla kwaye kufuneka bakwazi ukubonakalisa oko kuhambelana nemigaqo ebhaliweyo, uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo, kunye nokhuselo lweziphumo zogcino-lwazi.

Le migaqo ayiyonjongo ingekho ngqiqweni — iguqulela kwizenzo ezicacileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ungena kwiMy Govid, i-akhawunti enye ye-metal, ubona isaziso sobuqu sichaza ngokuchanileyo oko kuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi, isizathu sokuba lufuneke, kwaye ngubani okwaziyo ukufikelela. Ukubonakala ngokucacileyo kusetyenziswa ngqo kokungalingani komthetho, okusesikweni, nomgaqo wokubona ngaphaya.

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi olulawulayo lobugcisa kwiGovernment ye-Irish

Umgangatho we-Irish o-e-burhulumente usebenzisa uthotho lwezobugcisa ezihambele phambili ekusebenziseni ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi kunye nokukhusela kwiingozi zekhompyutha. Ezi zixhobo zobugcisa zihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo ukuphendula amatsha kwaye zigcine ukuthobelana nemigangatho yokujika-jika.

Khowuda

Yonke idata esasazwe phakathi kwabemi neeseva zikarhulumente ikhowudiwe isebenzisa imithetho elandelwayo yoshishino enjenge TLS (Transport Ukhuseleko Lomaleko). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba noko i-data inqatyiswe ngexesha lodluliselo, ayinakufundwa. Ngaphezu koko, ugcino-lwazi olunovakalelo oluphumleyo — olugcinwe kwiidatabase zikarhulumente — lusoloko lufihliwe, ludibanisa umaleko owongezelelekileyo wokhuseleko.

Uqinisekiso olukhuselekileyo noqinisekiso lochazo

Inkqubo ye-MyGovid, indululwe ukunikezela ngesango elinye elikhuselekileyo kwiinkonzo ezininzi zikarhulumente, isebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezininzi zesakhono (MFA) ukuqinisekisa abasebenzisi. I-MFA ifuna into oyaziyo (igama eligqithisiweyo) kunye nento onayo (ifowuni okanye ikhowudi yomqondiso), yenza unikezelo olungagunyaziswanga ngaphaya kobunzima. Kwintengiselwano ephezulu, ezifana nokunikezela iirekhodi zempilo okanye ukwenza izibhengezo zerhafu, ukuqinisekisa okukhoyo kobunyani obufana nee-biometric scheckings okanye iziqinisekiso zamanani eziqinisekisiweyo zinokusetyenziswa.

Uphicotho-zincwadi loKhuseleko oluLungiselekileyo noluNxibelelwano

IZENZO zikaRhulumente ziphantsi kovavanyo lokhuseleko oluthe rhoqo oluqhutywa ngaphakathi nangamaqela amathathu azimeleyo. Ukuvavanya ukuhlasela kwekhompyutha kuxelwa ukuba kubonwe ukuba ikho nayiphi na ingxaki ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe. Ukufumana kwezi ziphumo kusetyenziselwa ukugquma ubuthathaka nokuphucula ukhuseleko. ISiko soKhuseleko seSizwe sase-Ireland (NCSC) sidibanisa le migudu kwiiqumrhu zikawonke wonke, sinika ukhokelo nenkxaso yeziganeko.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamagama ogcino-lwazi kunye nokwenziwa kwamagama

Apho kunokwenzeka, iinkonzo zisebenzisa ukwenziwa kwamagama angaqhelekanga okanye ukwenziwa kwempazamo ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Umzekelo, ugcino-lwazi lwezibalo olusetyenziselwa ucwangciso lwenkqubo lungahluthwa ngokwalo ulwazi, ukuze abantu bangakwazi ukuphinda balufumane. Oku kuhambelana nomgaqo wokunciphisa ugcino-lwazi kwaye bubuchule obungundoqo bokwenza ugcino-lwazi lukwazi ukunyanga ngaphandle kokulalanisa imfihlo.

Izilawuli zokungena kunye nokungena

Imigaqo yolawulo lokufikelela engqongqo iqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokubona okanye baqhube idata yabo. Imida yokufikelela esekelwe kwindima ekwaziyo umqeshwa ngamnye ukuyibona. Konke ukufikelela kungenelelwe, ukwenza umzila wophicotho-zincwadi onokuphindwa ukukhangela nokuphengulula nawuphi na umsebenzi okrokrelekayo. Ezi zilogo zikhuselwe ngokwazo ekuphangeni.

Ucelomngeni kukhuseleko logcino-lwazi lolawulo lwe-Irish

Nangona kukho ubuchule obunamandla, iinkonzo zikarhulumente wase-Ireland zijamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo olufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo notyalo-mali.

Izisongelo Ezijikelezayo

Abasebenzi be-Cybercriminal basoloko bevelisa iindlela ezintsha — ukusuka kwi-oyile yokuhlawulela ukuya kwi-asethi eqhubekekayo yezisongelo eziqhubekayo. Iinkqubo zoluntu, ngenxa yesiseko esikhulu somsebenzisi nobuchule bokuva i-data, ngamaxhoba aphambili. Uhlaselo lwe-H.211 lwe-ehleware, ngeli xesha kusemsebenzini wezempilo, lubalaselise ukusetyenziswa kwe-vnulralities ezinokuthi zichaphazele nawuphi na umbutho worhulumente. Iinkonzo ze-E-orhulumente kufuneka zihlale ziphaphile, zifake kwinkcitho kwisisongelo, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye namakhono okuphendula kwezehlolo.

Ukulungelelanisa Ufikeleleko Nokhuseleko

Ukhuseleko olungqongqo maxa wambi lungabangela imiqobo kubasebenzisi, ingakumbi abemi abadala okanye abo bangafundanga neenkcukacha zamanani ezilinganiselweyo. Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokuqinisekisa zisenokudimaza abantu ekusebenziseni iinkonzo zamanani, zicuthe usukelo lokufikelela kwindalo yonke. I-Ireland kufuneka ifake umlinganiselo: ukunikezela ngokhuselo olomeleleyo ngaphandle kokwenza iinkonzo zidimaze okanye zibhaxeke. Oku kubandakanya ukwenziwa kobuhlobo, ukhokelo olucacileyo, kunye neminye imijelo esetyenziswa ngabo bangakwaziyo ukuqhuba ngokupheleleyo ngokwamanani.

Ulawulo logcino-lwazi kunye nogcino-lwazi lolungelelwaniso olunqamlezayo

Njengendawo encinci yoqoqosho evulekileyo, i-Ireland isoloko ixhomekeke kwiinkonzo zamafu ezinikezelwa ziinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Iqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-lwazi olugcinwe emafuni luhlala luphantsi kwemithetho yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi kufuneka izivumelwano zononophelo kunye noqinisekiso. Inkqubela-mthetho yakutshanje, njenge Schrems II elawula ukuthunyelwa kogcino-lwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe, yongeza ukuntsonkotha. Iinkonzo ze-orhulumente kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba nayiphi na icandelo lesithathu elikwimigangatho ephezulu njengesakhiwo sendlu yasekhaya.

Ukuhambisana nobugcisa

Ubugcisa obutsha — kuquka ubukrelekrele obungeyoyamvelo, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho edibanisa izinto eziphilayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiqathango enqabileyo — bunika amathuba okuphucula iinkonzo ze-e-odore kodwa bukwazisa iingozi ezintsha zobumfiliba. Umzekelo, i-Al esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubuqhetseba bentlalo-ntle ingaba bucalula okanye iphazamisane nezobucala ukuba ayiyilwanga kakuhle. Abaphathi-Ireland kufuneka baqhube uhlolo olucokise ugcino-lwazi olunempembelelo yogcino-data phambi kokuba basebenzise nabuphi na ubugcisa obutsha obusebenza ugcino-lwazi lobuqu.

Icala lexesha elizayo: Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi kwi-Irish E-Government

I-Ireland izimisele ukusoloko iphucula ugcino-lwazi kumaziko ayo kawonke-wonke. Iindlela eziphambili eziliqela kunye neziphumo ziya kuchaphazela ummandla wexesha elizayo.

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi ngoyilo nangommiselo

Ukwakhiwa kwemigaqo yeGDPR, iiprojekthi ezintsha zolawulo logcino-lwazi olukhuselweyo kumgangatho wokuqala woyilo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kubandakanya iingcaphephe zemfihlo kwizigqibo zokwakha, ukuqhuba iziphumo zohlolo phambi kokundululwa, nokungagqibeleli kwizicwangciso zobudlelane. Indlela inciphisa ubungozi bokwaphuka nokufakwa kwempahla, igcina iindleko ngexesha elide.

Ukunikwa Amandla Abemi Nezixhobo Zokubonakalisa Imbonakalo

Iiplatfomu zexesha elizayo zinika abemi ulawulo olugqithisileyo kugcino-lwazi lwabo. Umzekelo, iibhodi ezincinane ezivumela abantu ukuba babone ukuba ngawaphi na amasebe afumane ulwazi lwabo, ngayiphi injongo, nini, nini. Izixhobo zokulawula ukubhalisa kunye neenkqubo ezilula zokucela ukususwa kogcino-lwazi okanye ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kolwazi ziya kuba ngumgangatho. Ukwenza ezi zixhobo zibe nethuku kuyimfuneko ekwakheni ukuthembana.

Ukuqinisa iZiko Lokhuseleko Lesizwe

ICYber Security Center (NCSC) yesizwe ye-Ireland ilindeleke ukuba ifeze indima enkulu ngakumbi ekuququzeleleni ukhuseleko, ukwabelana ngolwazi lwesoyikiso, nokuqeqesha abasebenzi bamacandelo kawonke-wonke. Ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kuzakunceda i-NCSCC ukuba inikezele iinkonzo eziqhubekekayo, ezifana nokuhamba ngezomatshini ezizenzekelayo zeenkqubo zomkhosi karhulumente kunye nokusabela ngokukhawuleza ekuveliseni izisongelo.

Uyilo lweqanda lokuthembana olunesantya esiphezulu

Iqanda yimodeli yokhuseleko ecinga ukuba akukho msebenzisi okanye isixhobo esithembekileyo ngokwemvelo, kwanangaphakathi komsebenzi womnatha. Urhulumente wase-Ireland uhlola imigaqo yeZero Trust efuna ukunyanzelisa uqinisekiso oluqhubekayo, ukuthunyelwa kwemicro-regists, kunye nokufikelela okuncinane. Oku kunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo impembelelo yokwaphulwa ngomlinganiselo wokulawula intshukumo yomhlaseli.

Unxulumano nomsebenzi wesakhelo sokwazi ngamanani e-EU

IKhomishini ye-EU yamanani ecetyiweyo iza kuvumela abemi kuyo yonke i-EU ukuba baqinisekise ukuba bangobani kwaye babelane ngamanani. I-Ireland inenxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zomqhubi ukuqinisekisa iinkonzo zayo ze-email ezinokusebenza kunye nenkqubo ye-pan-Europe. Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi luza kuba ngundoqo ongundoqo, onobuchule obunamandla bokugcina ubumfihlo obunjengoko kutyhilwa ngokufihlakeleyo (kufumana ugcino-lwazi oluyimfuneko kuphela) olwakhiwe kule sakhiwo.

Ukucacisa okubhekele phaya ngendlela i-Ireland elungisa ngayo indlela yayo yemivo karhulumente, iphepha lenkonzo yeGovid inikeza ushwankathelo lwemisebenzi yolawulo lwangoku. Ukongeza, iSiko sobuGcisa soLungu esichaza usukelo lwexesha elide lokukhusela, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke zamanani eziquka uluntu.

Isiphelo

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi asiyonto yamva kwe-Ireland e- rhulumente — luyimfuneko esisiseko ebangela ukuba kuthenjwe, kukhuselwe, kunikezelwe inkonzo esebenzayo. Ngokuhambisana ne-GDPR, ukuveliswa kobuchule bokusika i-eddeg, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphendula, i-Ireland yakha indalo eqinileyo ukwenzela iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke-wonke. Kodwa iingxaki ziyaqhubeka, ukusuka ekususeni izisongelo zekhompyutha kwimfuno yokuyila. Indlela ibandakanya inkqubela phambili: ukukhuselwa kwemfihlo, ukuxhobisa ngezixhobo zokukhanyisa, ukuqinisa abemi ngeenkonzo zombane, nokudibanisa abameli kunye ne-EU. Njengoko isi-Irish iqhubekela ekuzingeni, ugcino-data luya kuhlala entliziyweni yayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo zekhompyutha azize nakuhlali kwiindleko zabemi.