Ukubaluleka Kokuceba Isixeko Ukuze Ukhuseleke

Ukucwangciswa kwesixeko kubumba yona kanye ibala lobomi basedolophini, ukugqiba indlela abantu abahamba ngayo, abasebenzisana ngayo kunye nokufikelela kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Njengoko iindawo zasemadolophini zisanda ngesantya esingenakuthelekiswa nanto, ulwalamano phakathi kwendlela yokuyila nokukhuseleka kwedolophu lusoloko lubalulekile. IWorld Health Organization inikela ingxelo yokuba malunga no-1.19-zigidi zabantu bayafa nyaka ngamnye ngenxa yokungqubana kweenqwelo-moya, abahamba ngenqwelo-moya, abahamba ngenqwelo-mafutha, nabasebenzi benqwelo-mafutha, abakwazi ukuqhuba imoto, benoxanduva ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesi sisi simo. Ukuceba oku kulula ukusingatha la manani ngokuzinzisa ngokuzinzisa oku, kodwa kungayincedi inkqubela yeze ihambele, i-eagrona, i-eeee, i-eeactive, i-octive.

Isiseko Soyilo Olukhuselekileyo

Uyilo olukhuselekileyo lwendlela aluyongozi; luveliswe zisigqibo somkhwa, esisekelwe kubungqina malunga negeometry, izinto, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zabasebenzisi. Amalungu angundoqo okuyila indlela kufuneka asebenze kwikonsathi ukulawula isantya, ukuziphatha komsebenzisi, nokukhusela abo banokuba ngamaxhoba.

Ubeko lwendlela kunye nomgaqo-ndlela

Umlinganiselo obonakalayo wendlela — kuquka ububanzi bendlela, ukugoba, ubukho bamagxalasi, kunye nokwakhiwa kwendlela yokudibana kwenqanawa — zinamandla okubalaselisa isantya somqhubi kunye nomngcipheko wokubona izinto. Umendo wetrafiki, umzekelo, ungakhuthaza isantya esiphezulu, ngoxa imida emincinane yendlela ithoba isantya sendlela. Ngokufanayo, i-Federal Highway Administration ye-Administration [[FLT:]] i-Sightennestectives ezinokuhlisa ububanzi bendlela ukusuka kwishumi ukuya kwi-10 okanye 11 yenyawo ezitratweni zinokuqwalasela ubude bendlela esezantsi ngaphandle kokulala. Ngokunjalo, ukugoba okuthambileyo okunesantya esiphezulu sobucala kunciphisa amathuba okusuka kwisantya esiphezulu esisuka ngaphandle kwesantya esiphezulu, ngoxa i-radii eqinileyo enyusa amandla okujikayo xa kujika isantya esithe santya esithe ngqo esithe ngqo, iinqwelo-moya eziqhutywa namanzi ezithenwayo ezithenwayo, ezithe zinyuswe nangakumbi, ezithe zinyuswe nangakumbi, ezi

Iindlela Zokolisa Iimoto

Umendo owehlisa isidanga sesantya senqwelo-mafutha esisinyibilikayo nesisekelwe kwisakhiwo esingumfanekiso othe ngqo ohlisa isantya senqwelo-mafutha kwaye udimaze ukunqumla kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo nezisebenzisa ezinye. Imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo iquka isantya sokunqumla inqanawe, ukunyusa iintsika, ukujikeleza, i-chicanes, kunye nokongezelela. Isikhokelo se-NATIOURROURD [[FLT: 1] Isikhokelo soMGAQO-uquzelelo lwenqwelo-mafutha [[FLT]] igxininisa ukuba ukujikeleza kwenqwelo - mlilo kunganciphisa isantya esibulalayo ngomlinganiselo wama-10 eephesenti ngokuthelekiswa nobubanzi bemibhobhobhozo ehambayo ngokususa i-engile, ngokujika kwemibhobhobho ekwindlela yasekunene kunye nokujika kwemibhobhozo esetyenziswayo, apho abaqhubi banokukwazi ukuqhuba khona kancinci, ukunqanda nokuphelisa uvuthotho lwenqwelo-moya, xa kuthezo lwenqwelo-moya, xa kuthe, i-okeleleka,

Isiseko solawulo

Ziyanikezelwa, zilungiselelwe kakuhle izibonelelo zokumisa abantu abahambayo nabaqhubi azinakukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwizixeko ezikhuselekileyo. Iicala ezisecaleni kufuneka zibe zibanzi, ziqhubeke, zingabi nazithinteli, kwaye zahlulwe kwisigcini sethu esisisigcini esisisiphekepheke esisigxina esisigxina esisikweyo esifana nesithintela esitshayelweyo okanye esikwisitrato. Iinqanawa zokunqumla inqanawa mazibekwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ziphawulwe ngemizila ephezulu, zinyuke kwimibhobhobho ephezulu yemoto, zinyuke ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu wendlela. Iindlela ezithe tyaba ezithe nkqo zinokungeneka kwimibhobhobho ehambayo ezinika abahambi bentloko abahambayo intloko ngaphambi kokujika kwezithuthi. Iziko ezikhuselekileyo zikhuselekile zikhuselekile kwicala elikhuselekileyo lebhayisekile — umjikelo owehlulayo kunye nomgca ojikelezayo, olungele ukujikeleza kwemigxunyazo, okanye i-erorhorhorhorho egralwn, ezithe, ezihambayo, ezihambayo ezihambayo ezitheneyo, ezihamba

Umqondiso, ukukhanya kunye neenkqubo zezithuthi zobuntlola

Licacile, ithutyana kunye nezibane ezaneleyo zenkcazelo yomsebenzisi kunye nonxibelelwano oluyingozi. Iimpawu zesitrato kufuneka zihlangane nemilinganiselo yokubonakalisa isantya ukuze zihlale zibonakala ebusuku. Iimpawu zesantya, izilumkiso zeendawo zesikolo kunye namagophe athe ngqo, kwaye imiqondiso yezolawulo kufuneka ibekwe kwimiqathango yesigqibo enesaziso esaneleyo. Isibane somsinga sinciphisa ukubonakala nokukhula kwesantya somntu, ingakumbi ekunqamleziseni nasekunqamleziseni kwendlela. Isantya sobunjineli be-Njineli behlabathi sikhuthaza imigangatho encinane esekelwe kulungelelaniso lwendlela kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba okumeleneyo. Ngaphandle kwemiqondiso ecacileyo, iinkqubo zokuhamba ngesantya sobuchule, ulawulo lwemijelo, kunye nolwanolwazi lokwenene lwendlela, izenzeka kakuhle kwiimeko zemozulu, kunye neziganeko zezithuthi zezithuthi ezinxulumanayo.

Unxulumano nombutho woluntu

Ungenelelo lokhuseleko lwendlela luphumelele okanye lusilele ngokusekelwe kwindlela ezibonisa ngayo iimfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabantu abasebenzisa ezo zitrato mihla le. Ucwangciso oluphezulu olungaluhoyi ulwazi lwengingqi lusoloko lubangela ukuxhathisa, ukuthobela okusezantsi, nokuphoswa ngamathuba okuthetha ngezizathu ezingundoqo.

Iindlela Zokuthabatha Inxaxheba Ewonke - wonke

Ukuganana okuqinisekisiweyo kwabantu basekuhlaleni kufuna okungaphezulu kokwenza uphando lwe-intanethi, ukujonga ii-asethi ezihamba ngekhompyutha, amaqela asebenzisanayo, izixhobo zokubhala kunye nemizobo apho abemi banokudibanisa izicombululo. Ukusondela kweSivono Zero, okuthatyathwe zizixeko ezinjenge New York neSan Francisco, kubandakanya ngokucacileyo igalelo lokufumana iziphumo zoluntu ukuchonga ii-intelligne-injury kunye nokungenelela. Umzekelo, ugcino-lwazi lungabonisa iqela lenqwelo-moya emelwaneni epasejini ekwimayile ende, kodwa kuphela abemi basekuhlaleni abanokuchaza ukuba abaqhubi benyusa induli ngenxa yokuba isantya sifihliwe ngumthi, okanye ukuba umnqamlezo we-Avenue uthubelekelwe ngenxa yokuba umqondiso omfutshane kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa okungalingani ne-ekhombathi, kufuneka kulandele i-Planento ejikelezayo.

I-Advocations kunye neQela loLuntu

Umanyano lwezikolo, amashishini, izibhedlele, kunye nemibutho yokhuseleko lwezemfundo lubangela ukuba kufikelelwe kwaye kuqinisekiswe ngeenzame zokhuseleko. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwisikolo zingakhuthaza iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuhamba kwaye zifundise abantwana ngokhuseleko lomntu ohambayo kunye nebhayisekile. Amaqela okusebenza ngeenqwelo-moya asekuhlaleni afana nemibutho yeebhayisekile kunye nokhuseleko lwamadoda asebenza ngenqwelo-moya anika ubuchule obukhethekileyo, umsebenzi wokuzithandela, kunye nomgca ongqalileyo kwingingqi yengingqi elungiselelweyo ngenkqubo yokhuseleko. Amasebe ezempilo kunye namaziko engozi angafaka ingxhwelezeko kwaye abonise ukuchana kwempilo yabantu ezithuthi zenqwelo-mafutha. Iinkonzo zongxala-mphindo kufuneka zidibane xa kusenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela komlilo nezigula-ambumbatho. Unxulumano lwengingqi yoluntu lunganikela inkqubela yokhuseleko lokuwela phambili njengemeko yokuvusemkelwa kwembutho, okanye ukuxhaswa kwe-othe yezo zezo zobugcisa.

Amabali empumelelo ehlabathi lokwenene

Ukuhlolisisa izixeko eziye zaphucula indlela ngokuceba kunika abanye iplani abanokuyilandela.

Portland, Oregon

IPortland ibisoloko iyinkokeli kwizitrato ezipheleleyo kunye nezothutho. Imozulu yesixeko kunye neeplani zokuhamba zimisela iindlela ezihamba ngeebhayisekile, inkqubela-phambili, kunye nokuzola kweenqwelo-moya. Ngokwamkela ingqiqo “yomngxuma ongamashumi amabini omfutshane” — apho iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo zifumaneka phakathi kohambo olungamashumi amabini anemizuzu emine okanye ukuhamba ngebhayisekile — iPortland inciphisa imfuneko yokuhamba ngenqwelo-mafutha ende. Isixeko sikwaqalisile uthungelwano olude lwemijelo eluhlaza ekufuphi, izitraftictic ecene ecekeselwe ukunyusa isantya sokuhamba nokubhabhabha. Phakathi kowe-1990 kunye no-20, iPortland yabona ukuncipha kwamaphekthali eninzi kwezithuthi, inteko yorhwebo oluthelekayo kwimixoko yokhuseleko.

ICopenhagen, eDenmark

Isiseko sebhayisekile yeCopenhagen siyaziwa kakhulu, kodwa iziphumo zamashumi eminyaka yenkqubo kunye noyilo. Esi sixeko sifuna iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zebhayisekile kuzo zonke iindlela ezinkulu kwaye sikhe sakha umjelo wendlela “eziluhlaza” — imijikelezo eyahlulahlulweyo edibanisa iindawo zokuhlala kwiindawo zokuqesha. Iibhulorho kunye namatonela enziweyo zinika abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya indawo yokuqala kwiibhotile eziphambili. Isiphumo sisikuba ama-40 ekhulwini azo zonke iitrafiki eCopenhagenhagen, kwaye isixeko sinenye yemibathatha yokufa kwemoto encinci kwimizila yokuqesha. Abaqhubi basoloko behlola ukungqubana nokuhamba kwedata nokuziphatha komsebenzisi, besenza imidalo ehambayo kunye nentetho eshukumayo — ukuqhuba i-acted radiii.

IAmsterdam, eNetherlands

Indlela yokuhamba idibanisa ukhuseleko lwendlela nedolophu ebanzi ngokuceba izithuthi zezithuthi zoluntu, ukubekwa phambili, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo elawula ukunyuka nokuxhomekeka kwenqwelo-mafutha. Inqanawa yesixeko — “izitrato ezikhoyo” — yaqalisa ingcamango yokufumana indawo ekwabene kuyo abahamba ngenqwelo-moya, abakhweli beebhayisekile, kunye neenqwelo-mafutha ezihlala kunye nesantya esiphantsi kakhulu. I-Amsterdam ikwakhokelela ekuyileni kweminqamlezo ephezulu ekubanjweni kweebhayisekile, isebenzisa imiqondiso ephambili yebhayisekile kunye nokujika imiqathango yezithuthi zemoto kwi-iquactimquations. Isantya sokufa kwabantu abamalunga ne-3,8, xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo waseYurophu we-5,1,1, kunye ne-Amsterdamsday iphantsi kwane. Ezi zinto zivela kwinkqubo yokuzingela ukuqhuba imoto elungele ukusetyenziswa njengendlela elungele imoto.

Ukuqalisa Utyekelo Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo

Njengoko ubugcisa nokuhamba kwazo kutshintsha, izakhiwo zimele ziqhubeke ziqhelana nezo zinokuthanani nogcino - lwazi, ukuhamba ngenqwelo - mafutha nokucinga ngendlela ekhuselekileyo.

Ucwangciso-lwazi kunye

Ugcino-lwazi olungonakalanga olusuka kwiingxelo zamapolisa lusoloko lungundoqo wohlalutyo lokhuseleko, kodwa lunemiqathango ebalulekileyo: ukuchaza phantsi kwengxelo, iimpazamo zejiyojini, kunye nokungabikho kweziganeko ezikufutshane. Izixhobo ezintsha zokusebenzisa i-athom ezisuka kwi-cellm kunye nezithuthi ezinxulumeneyo, ividiyo ye-alytics, kunye nengozi yesihlwele echaza ukuba ipeyinte umfanekiso ophezulu womngcipheko. Ufundo lwesixhobo sokufumana iziphumo eziyingozi. I-WHOBS ingabona iziphumo eziyingozi ezikhoyo — iinguqu ezikhawulezayo zomjelo okhawulezayo, okanye isantya esigqitha imiphetho ekhuselekileyo — ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukungqubana kwemidanganiso ephezulu yendlela. Abaqhubi banobukiso bendlela banokusebenzisa ezizicinezela ezi zinto ezizipheneyo ezizipheneyo kumgangatho ezinokusetyenziswa ngokusebenza, kunokuba babonise umntu othile afe emva kokuba afe. [FL: 0] Ingxelo ye-WS.[FFFS]

Ulawulo lomthungo olukrelekrele

Iinkqubo zophawu lwendlela ezilungelelanisayo ezilungelelanisa ixesha elibi elisekelwe kwizithuthi kunye nemfuno yabahamba ngezinyawo zinganciphisa ulibaziseko kwaye ziphucule ukhuseleko ngokulungisa ixesha elabelweyo. Ezinye iinkqubo zimisa izithuthi zongxamiseko, oodula-bhasi, kunye nabakhweli beebhayisekile abanophawu lokutshayelela. Iipaseji ezizimo-mkhondo ezixhotyisiweyo ezixhotyiswe ngemida engalunganga, abaqhubi abahamba ngenqwelo-moya, kunye nabaqhubi ababomvu abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu okanye abaqhubi abathe ngqo kwimiqondiso ekwindawo ebanzi ehamba phambili okanye kwizigidi ezilishumi ezichaphazelekayo.

Ukhuseleko lokubona kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo

Umbono Zero lutshintsho olusuka kwisithethe “siqala kumsebenzisi” ukusondela kwinkqubo esekelwe kwimiqathango egcina abacebi kunye neenjineli ezijongene nokuxolela imekobume. Iyaqonda ukuba abantu benza iimpazamo kwaye iindlela kufuneka zenzelwe ukufunxa iimpazamo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibulalayo. Izixeko ezimkela iTree Mobileyo — eSweden, apho yavela khona, eNew York, eSeattle, nase Austin — zibekwe izikhombisi eziququ (umz. zenze iingcebiso lomhla othile) zize zisebenzise uhlalutyo lwenethwekhi oluphezulu lwe-injury ukujongela amasuntswana eetile eetileyintini athetha ngengozi enkulu. Iimkelo zikhethwe kwimenu zemenu yonyango olucacileyo olufana nolunyuso olusukayo, olusuka ekhohlo olunyukileyo, olunyuswe kwimijinganiso ejinga- kwicala lolwazi oluthe rhoqo.

Izixhobo Ezizimeleyo Nezilungelelaniso

Ngeli xesha izithuthi ezizimeleyo ezipheleleyo (AVs) zisasasazekile, ukuceba ukunxibelelana kwazo ekugqibeleni sele kusezantsi. Ii-AV zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiempawu ezicacileyo, ezingaguqukiyo zendlela, imiqondiso, kunye nezindlela ezinikezelweyo. Abalungiseleli kufuneka bagqibe enoba ukuququlunqa ii-AV kwabanye abasebenzisi okanye ukulawula iinqwelo-moya ezidityanisiweyo ngemithetho elawula unxibelelwano. Izimvo ezinxibelelanayo ezinxibelelana ne-AV zingaphucula ukhuseleko kwimibhobhoshosho enqamlezekileyo nasemnqamlezweni. Kodwa, ukuxhomekeka ngaphezulu kwe-AV kunakho ukukhokelelwa nokuthotywa nokukhutshwa kwemiqathango kwemiqathango yelizwe xa kusenziwa izifundo zezoshishino zezo nezokunxibelelana. Izixeko ezininzi ziya kuphatha i-AV njengelungu elibanzi lendlela yohambo lwaselunxweme, ukuqhuba ushishino lwendawo ephezulu.

Isiphelo

Indima yokwakha isixeko ekucwangcisweni kwendlela ezikhuselekileyo zisisiseko kunye nokujikeleza. Ukusuka kwi-geometry yekona enye ukuya kummandla wonke wokudibanisa iinkqubo zebhayisekile, zonke izigqibo ezikhoyo zisenokuba zibangela ukunciphisa okanye zikhuthaza ubungozi. Izixeko ezisebenzayo aziluchazi ukhuseleko njengento ekhoyo; zilufake kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yokuceba, ukuyila, ukwakhiwa, nokulungisa, kwaye zisoloko zilinganisa iziphumo zokulungisa indlela ezizo. Izisombululo zoluntu ziqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zibonakalisa inyani yasekuhlaleni, ngelixa ubugcisa obuvelayo bunika izixhobo ezintsha zokuzikhusela nokuzikhusela. Ekugqibeleni, iindlela ezikhuselekileyo azifikeleleki ngongenelo olunye kodwa ngokuzimisela, ngokusebenzisanamdlalo, ukubeka ubomi babantu kumbindi wemekobume ebumeni., oo-onjini bee-njiyadia, abanyuliweyo, abasebenzi kunye nabantu abasebenza kunye nokufa kwezithuthi ezithe zahlukeneyo