INational Guard ikwindawo eyahlukileyo nenamandla kwilizwe lemeko-bume yexesha likaxakeka eMelika. Njengomkhosi ophindiweyo wesizwe, abagcini-majoni banceda abantu basekuhlaleni njengemiminya yendalo, begcina imisebenzi yabo yoluntu ngexesha loqeqesho lwamajoni. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo sibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneni nasekuhlanguleni (SAR) imisebenzi eqhutywa kummandla ophezulu, odaliweyo. Ngokukhula kodumo lwezokuzonwabisa, idityaniswe nokwanda kweentlekele zendalo eziqhutywa yimozulu, indima yabaphathi-Rhover njengezinto ezingundoqo zokusindisa ubomi azizange zibe nzima ngakumbi. Banikela ibhulorho eqinileyo phakathi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni angoomatilomfoti, analwazi olunzulu, kunye nezinto zelizwe elinobugqwentlu.

Xa umnyuki evalekile kwincopho yentaba, intsapho ibanjiswe zizikhukula kwintlambo ekude, okanye umkhweli uphazanyiswa engxoweni egobileyo, unxulumano lwakhe loqeqesho lwesizwe, ubugcisa obuhambele phambili, ubuchule bobuqu, kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwendawo yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi, lubenza babe luncedo olubalulekileyo nayiphi na irhuluneli ejongene nengxaki engaphaya kobunjani boncedo oluqhelekileyo. Naku kujongwa ngokunzulu ngendlela umkhosi wesizwe oncedisa ngayo ekuphengululeni nasekuhlanguleni kweyona misebenzi inzima kwilizwekazi elikufikelela kuyo.

Isikhundla esicwangcisiweyo soMlindi weSizwe ekuphandeni nasekuhlanguleni

Inzuzo esisiseko yoMgaqo-majoni weSizwe ilele kwisakhiwo sawo somyalelo. Ngokungafaniyo nomkhosi osebenzayo osebenza ngebhombu, uKhuselo lulawulwa yirhuluneli ngengingqi yorhulumente xa isebenza phantsi kwe-State Active Duty (SAD) okanye iSihloko 32 soMthetho we-U.S. Oku kudlula ukusebenza kweqela lezixhobo zolawulo lwamagunya karhulumente, kuvumela ixesha elilinganiswe ngemizuzu okanye iiyure, hayi iintsuku. Kumntwana olahlekileyo okanye umkhweli wenqwelo ebhabhabha, isantya siyinto yonke.

Esi sicwangciso somthetho silawulwa nguMthetho weStafford kunye noMthetho wePosse Comitatus, odla ngokuthintela umkhosi osebenzayo ekusebenzeni imisebenzi yomthetho wasekhaya. Noko ke, uKhuselo lwesizwe phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente lukhululekile kule miqathango, lubavumela ukuba babandakanye ngqo kwimisebenzi yokusindisa ubomi. Lo mGaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho-siseko yisiseko soncedo lwasekhaya lwabalindi. Abangomkhosi nje ugcino-mkhosi; bayinxalenye engundoqo, edityanisiweyo yocwangciso lolawulo longxamiseko lukarhulumente.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto, uKhuseleko lunika icebiso elibalulekileyo:

  • Uququzelo kunye noxinano: olunamaqela abekwe kuluntu olungaphezu kwama-500 kumazwe namasimi angama-50, uKhusele usasazeke kwaye uqiniswe ngokunzulu kubantu.
  • I-ingxinano: Abagada basebenza izixhobo ezifanayo ezinzima njenge mkhosi osebenzayo, kuquka UH-60 Black Hawks, CH-47 Chinoks, iimoto zobuchule, kunye neenethwekhi zonxibelelwano ezintsonkothileyo. Amaqela amaninzi eSAR asekuhlaleni okanye amangingqi angakwazi ukuthenga okanye ukugcina ezi zixhobo.
  • Imisebenzi ekhoyo: Abalindi ngamandla azimeleyo. Bazisa eyabo ipetroli, amanzi, ukutya, isizukulwana samandla, kunye namandla obuchule bokulungisa. Bangaxhasa umsebenzi omkhulu wokukhangela iintsuku okanye iiveki ngaphandle komthwalo wezinto zokwemvelo zasekuhlaleni.

Izixhobo eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezixhotyiswe kwi-SAR ekude

INational Guard iqulethe uninzi lwezixhobo ezinokuthwala. Ezi asizizo nje izixhobo; zizinto ezidityanisiweyo zabasebenzi, uqeqesho nobugcisa ezenzelwe ukoyisa iingxaki zemekobume ezigqithisileyo.

Ukhutsho-lokujolisa: Ihashe lokuhlangula elisebenzayo

Ukusetyenziswa kwenqwelo-moya kusoloko kuyinto enzima kwiSAR. Abagada basebenza amaqonga amabini aphambili alungele lo msebenzi. I-UH-60 Black Hawk yinqwelo-moya esetyenziswa kakhulu. Ixhotyiswe ngenqwelo-moya encedayo encedayo, esoloko ikwazi ukunyusa iiponti ezingama-600 kwinqwelo-moya ehambayo, evumela intloko yabasebenzi ukuba ithotywe ngqo kwindawo yexhoba okanye ukuzikhupha kwimingxuma ye-Stokes. I-Air National Guard, ngokukodwa, isebenza iHH-60G Pavek kunye nentsha eHHH-Wawly Greenwey II, yenziwe ngokukhethekileyo ukukhangela nokuhlangula. Lo moya ujongo lwe-efaradar, ujongile ophambili (FIRFIR), kunye nokukhangela i-ultelling, zonke ii-ultellings, kunye nokunika zonke ii-Greast.

Imisebenzi ekuphakameni okugqithisileyo, iCH-47 Chinook ibalulekile. KwiRockes kunye neAndes, uyilo lwezikhitshane zeChinoke lunika amandla aphezulu kumlinganiselo weenyawo ezilishumi okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kwenza ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekwaziyo ukukhupha amaqela amakhulu abantu okanye izixhobo ezibubukhali kumachibi entaba okanye iincopho.

Imisebenzi yomhlaba kunye noncedo lobuchule

Ngeli xesha inqwelo-moya ibaluleke kakhulu, uhlangulo oluninzi lufuna iprojekthi yomhlaba. Amajoni esizwe aqeqeshelwe ukuqhuba intaba, ukuqhuba imimandla ethile, ukuqhuba inqwelo-moya, kunye nokusinda. Amaqela anjenge-19 kunye ne-20 emikhosi ekhethekileyo (iqhutywa ngenqwelo-moya) azisa amaqela ahambele phambili okunyuka iintaba, i-SCBA, kunye nobuchule bokuhlangula abantu abangekho mgaqweni kwitafile. Amazwe amaninzi anezobuchule bokuhlangula iMountault Assaults okanye amaqela aphezulu-Angle Soverts aqhuba uloliwe kakhulu namaqabane asebenza kunye nabo bangabahambi beentaba abangaphangi.

Izithuthi ezihamba emgceni zikwadlala indima. Ngelixesha inqwelo-mafutha okanye ilori yomlilo isesilinganisweni ingena kumgangatho ongaphandle wendlela yamahlathi ehlanjiweyo, izithuthi eziphakathi kunye nezinzima zobuchule (njengeNtsapho ye-Mactal Vehicles [FMTV] kunye ne Joint Light Tactal Vehicle [JLTV])) zinokuhamba. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zithuthi ziyindlela kuphela yokufumana amayeza kunye nezixhobo kufutshane nendawo ekude.

Uthungelwano nomyalelo ocuthekileyo

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo nezingahoywanga zeSAR lunxibelelwano. Iindawo ezikude zisoloko zingenayo isalathisi seseli okanye amakhonkco kanomathotholo athembekileyo. Abagada banika ubuchule, ukhuseleko, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezinyusiweyo. Bangaseka iitheminali zonxibelelwano lwesatellite, ii-nethwekhi zobugcisa, kunye neezithuba zemiyalelo kwimini nganye. Ezi zinto zidityaniswa rhoqo kwinkqubo yomyalelo we-Incident System (ICS), ukuvumela iSheriff okanye uMyaleli othekileyo ukuba agcine unxibelelwano kunqamleziso lwamaziko amaninzi. Ubuchule bokuseka isebe lonxibelelwano oluzinzileyo budla ngokugqiba ukuba ngaba luntsonko, ukuphendla lweentsuku ezininzi lunempumelelo.

Ukurhoxa Kwamayeza Nokunyangwa Kwabantu

Ubuchule bonyango lwabalindi budlulele ngaphaya koncedo lokuqala. Uthintelo lwamaMedic (68W) lunemvume e-EMTs, kwaye ezininzi zithwala iziqinisekiso eziphambili. Inqwelo-moya yeMedics (68WF) iqeqeshelwe kwizithuthi zononophelo olunzima nokuphakamisa imisebenzi. Ngaphezu koko, umkhosi ubeke imali eninzi kwingqiqo yokuzinziswa kwe-PFC (ickingings). Oku kuqeqesha ukuqinisa izigulana kumaxesha aqikelelwayo aqikelelekayo (16.7272+ iiyure) xa ukufuduka okukhawulezileyo kungenakukwazi ukuthunyelwa kwimo yezulu okanye kumhlaba. Obu buchule bumiselwe ngqo kwi-SAR, njengomhambi-hambo ohamba ngengozi ebambe isiphango.

Inyusa Imizekelo esebenzayo kunye nezifundo zetyala

Impumelelo yezi khono iqondwa kakuhle ngelens yemisebenzi yehlabathi lokwenene, ephakathi kwendidi ephawulekayo yemeko- bume.

Isihlanguli sentaba esiphezulu

KwiiNtaba zeRocky, uKhuselo lwesizwe luqhuba uninzi lwabahlanguli nyaka ngamnye. Umsebenzi wama-2023 kwiNqanawa eMountain National National usebenza njengomzekelo ocacileyo. Abakhweli babevalekile kwimingxuma enzima ekwinyawo eziyi13,000. Imimoya ephakamileyo yathintela umsebenzi wokunyuswa okukhuselekileyo. Kunokuba ibuye, abasebenzi bomkhosi weColoradorado National Guard National Guard ukusuka kwiprojectal Battalion ephezulu ekwithambekileyo eyingozi, yaza iqela labahlanguli, yaza yakhupha iqela labaqhubi abanyuki benqwelo-moya. Oku kudinga ubuchule bomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ulwazi oluneenkqubo zemozulu, kunye nokusebenza ngokusondeleyo nenkonzo yeNational Park.

Ukusabela Komkhukula Nenkanyamba Ezweni

Ukuphuphuma kwethafa lasendle yenye yezona zimo ziyingozi nezisasazekileyo zeSAR. Ngexesha leSiphepho iHelene ngo-2024, uluntu olukude kwiiNtaba zeAphalachian zaseNtshona Koloni yayahlula ngokupheleleyo ngokungqushuka kwentaba kunye nokungaphumeleli kwebrorho. Ugada waseMntla Carolina National waqhuba izithuthi zezithuthi zamanzi aphezulu kunye nemisebenzi yokunyusa izithuthi ukusuka kwiUH-60s, ukutsalela abemi kuphahla lwezindlu kunye nenkunkuma. Bakwanika ubomi bodwa bokusindisa ukutya, amanzi, kunye nonyango kolu luntu iintsuku ezininzi. Ugadoko lwaMali ubuchule bokwenza ngaphandle kolawulo olukhoyo lwalungundoqo ekusindiseni amakhulu ebomi.

Ukufuna Intlango Nentlango

Imimandla emikhulu, eyomileyo yaseMzantsintshona eMerika inika ucelomngeni olwahlukileyo: ubushushu obugqithisileyo, iindawo zokukhangela ezinkulu, kunye nemithombo yamanzi enyibilikileyo. I-Arizona ne-California National Guard zisebenzisa umxube wee-UH-60 ezixhotyiswe nge-uthermap kunye nemikhosi yasemhlabeni kwizithuthi zobuchule zokutshayela indawo entlango. Zikwanezivamvo ezikhethekileyo ezikwaziyo ukuva intsayino lomntu okanye iimpawu ze-elektroniki (njengeselfowuni) kwiindawo ezibanzi. Ugadal umvanePatrol kunye ne-Sheriffian yasekuhlaleni ukufumana ii-ofisi ezilahlekileyo, abahambi ngenqwelo moya abahlala bengekho mthethweni, okanye amaxhoba okuthengisa abantu abafuna ukuhlangulwa.

Isichotho sasebusika Nempembelelo Yengxolo

Ngexesha leenkanyamba ezigqithiseleyo zasebusika, uValindi kuphela kombutho onokuhamba emkhenkceni okanye emkhenkceni. Bathumela iimoto, iinqwelo-mafutha, kunye neegiyeri ezinomkhuhlane ezikhethekileyo. Kwimimandla enjengeMinnesota, Michigan, neNew York, igada liye laqhuba utyando lokususa izigulana eziphuma ezibhedlele ezinqanyulwe zii-blezards. Kwakhona baxhasa amaqela okuhlangula ngokuthutha izinja kunye nezixhobo zisiya kwiindawo ezikude, ngokuphawulekayo oko kukuthi ziqale ukuphendula.

Isakhelo sokuphendula esidityanisiweyo kunye nolwakhiwo

INational Guard ayisebenzi kwindawo engenamsebenzi. ISAR esebenzayo ixhomekeke kwiseko esicwangcisiweyo sentsebenziswano ephakathi.

Inkqubo yomyalelo ocwangcisiweyo (IICS)

Yonke imisebenzi yasekhaya yeSAR ilawulwa phantsi kwe-ICS. I-Sheffier okanye iNtloko yomlilo isebenza njengeNkulumbuso ePhawulayo. Abagada badibana nale ndlela njenge "ndawo entle" okanye "impahla eluncedo ekhoyo" igosa lokunxibelelana noVavaleli libekwe kwipotimenti yokulawula iimpahla zemikhosi. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba ugada wenza kanye oko kufunekayo kwinkokeli yasekuhlaleni, nokuba oko kunika ukuphakamisa inqwelo-moya, amaqela okukhangela umhlaba, okanye inkxaso yomthetho. I- National Guard Bureaunt Bureaudier inikela uqeqesho olubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi babo bafanelekele, imfuneko yokusebenzisa iziNtshukuthulelo.

Ukusebenza namaqabane angahlawulelwanga

I-National Park Service (NPS), iNkonzo ye-Foto yase-U.S., kunye ne-Bureau of Land Management (BLM). La magosa alawula umhlaba anobuchule obunzulu kumhlaba wawo kodwa asoloko engenazo iinqwelo-moya ezitsala ngamandla.

Ngokubhekele phaya, abagada basebenzisana kakhulu nemibutho yamavolontiya njenge iNxulumano yeNtaba yokuhlangula (MRA) kunye ne-Civil Air Patrol (CAP). I-CAP inikezela nge-emor e-emoyeni i-enzames kunye nokufola, ngelixesha amaqela e-MRA enika ubuchule bobugcisa obungenakuthelekiswa nanto bokunyuka nokuphendla emhlabeni. Abagada banika i-helikopta yohlangulo, kunye nobuchule bobugqirha obuxhomekeke kwiziganeko ezintsonkothile.

Iziko lokuthumela umkhosi wohlangulo lomoya wase-U.S.

Inkqubo esembindini wemithambo-luvo yalo lonke olu thungelwano yi U.S. IsiKhundla sokuhlangula umkhosi woMoya (AFRCC) ebekwe eTyndal Air Bay Base, Florida. I-AFRC yinkampani enye ejongene nokulawula ushishino lwe-SARC phakathi kwe-United States. Xa iSheriffaise ifuna oovimba abangenabo, babiza i-AFRC. I-AFRC ngoko isebenza eyona cebo lifanelekileyo, elisoloko linguMbutho we-Airver National Guard okanye umkhosi. Lo matshini/umbindi womkhosi udibanisa i-lpinPinin efuna uncedo lwesizwe.

Uqeqesho, ukuqinisekisa, kunye nemodeli yabemi

Impumelelo yomkhosi wesizwe eSAR ayizenzekeli. Ibangelwa luqeqesho oluqinileyo, olungqongqo nexabiso elikhethekileyo lommi.

Izikolo Ezikhethekileyo ZeSAR

I-U.S. uqhuba izikolo ezininzi ezikwiklasi elizweni ekuqeqeshelwa ukuhlangula. Isikolo se-Army Mountain Warfare School (AMWS) eYeriko, Vermont, iqhuba uqeqesho oluphambili ekuhlanguleni iintaba, ekukhuseleni i-engile, nasekusindeni. Amajoni afunda esi sikolo abuyela kwiqela lawo enobuchule obusebenza ngqo kuSoshiyali. Ngokufanayo, umkhosi womoya uSurvival, u-Evastion, kunye nodweliso lokuphuma kwi-Surpout olunolwazi oluphezulu olubalulekileyo ekuhlanguleni okukude.

Ummi Ongummi OsisiXhosa

Imodeli yommi-solder inika ubuninzi obukhethekileyo bomkhosi. Abagada abaninzi basebenza njengabacimi bomlilo, amagosa amapolisa, abagcini-ski, nabalawuli bepaki kwimisebenzi yabo yasekuhlaleni. Ijoni elichitha iimpelaveki zalo zoqeqesho kwiUH-60 Black Hawk kunye noncedo lwalo lweveki lwenkonzo ye-ambulensi yephondo loncedo lwezigulane lizisa ubunzulu obungaqhelekanga bamava kumsebenzi. Abaqondi nje ihelikopta; abaqondi nje umguli. Abaphili nje ngemaphu; bahlala kule ndawo. Oku kuqhubekeka kwamava kwenza amagosa eenqwelo-mafutha asebenze kakuhle kwisigqibo soncedo lwengingqi esenzekathanga phantsi koxinzelelo.

Ukuzilolonga Ngokungafaniyo

Uqeqesho lugcinwa kwimithambo ephindaphindiweyo, yesikali esikhulu. Amazwe aqhuba rhoqo imithambo ebangela intlekele yenqwelo-moya entlango, ukusabela kwimimandla yeentaba, okanye ukuhlangula komkhukula. Oku kuqhelisela kudibanisa ugada, ulawulo lukaxakeka, umlilo wasekuhlaleni kunye namapolisa, abaphathi belizwe. Bavavanya unxibelelwano, bajonge amasuntswana kwizicwangciso, kwaye bakhe ulwalamano olunika iingenelo xa kuvela intlekele yokwenene.

Imfuneko Eyandayo Nekamva Lomlindi Wesizwe

Njengokuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunyuka ubuninzi kunye nobunzulu bemozulu embi, kwaye njengoko amaMelika amaninzi efuna ukuzonwabisa kwiindawo ezikude ekude ekuqikelelwa kuzo, imfuneko yekhono le-SAR lesizwe lokugada iza kwanda. Ugada uzimisele ukuqhelanisa nokuhlangabezana neli xesha elizayo.

Iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya ezingenamaginishi (UAS), okanye ii-drones, ziba sisixhobo esisezantsi. I-predator/Reaper unit kunye nee-drones ezincinci zobuchule zisetyenziswa ukugquma iindawo ezinkulu zokukhangela, ukunikezela ngevidiyo yenene yokondla kwipoti yemiyalelo, kwaye kwanika intlawulo encinane njengamanzi okanye unomathotholo kumaxhoba aphelelwe lixesha. Ukuxuba i-data yezivamvo eziphezulu, kuquka ukukhupha i-athom etshayo kunye nerelashi, kuvumela amaqela okukhangela amahlathi axineneyo okanye ngaphantsi kwenkunkuma ekhawuleza kunangaphambili.

Inkqubela kwintsebenziswano yothungelwano lwesatellite, njengokusetyenziswa kwamakroza angaphantsi komhlaba, iyanda amandla oMgaqo-mkhosi okulawula nokulawula naphi na esijikelezi - langa. Oku kuvumela amayeza anxibelelana ne-telemeticine aqhagamshelana noogqirha botyando olugoso kwizibhedlele ezikhulu, aphucula ngokuphawulekayo iziphumo kubaguli abasemasimini.

Ekuqukumbeleni, igalelo leNational Guards lokukhangela nokuhlangula kwiindawo ezikude lilungu elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yolawulo longxamiseko lwaseMelika. Indawo yabo elungele ukujongwa, izixhobo eziphambili, uqeqesho olungqongqo, kunye nokudibana okunzulu koluntu kwenza ubuchule bokuhlangula obunamandla nolwamkelekileyo. Intsapho elindele iindaba zomntu olahlekileyo, ukubona ihelikopta yeNational Guard efika phezu kwethambeka akungomqondiso nje womkhosi; lidinga lesithembiso sombutho lokungashiyiki mntu emva. Indale yomkhosi yaBagada iyaqhubeka noqeqesho, ubugcisa, kunye nomanyano lwamalungu aya kuqinisekisa ukuba ahlale ekwiqondo lokuhlangulwa kude kamashumi eminyaka ezayo.