Ucalucalulo lobudala luhlala lungucelomngeni olusasazekileyo kwiindawo zemisebenzi. Xa umqeshwa okanye umfaki-sicelo womsebenzi ekholelwa ukuba baye baphathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yobudala babo, ukufaka isikhalazo kumagunya afanelekileyo kungaqalisa uphando olucwangcisiweyo olulungiselelwe ukufumanisa ukuba umthetho uphulwe kusini na. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zityholo eziphando eziphandwa ngayo zize zisombululwe zijongene nokuqinisekisa ukuba zifuna ukwenza ifomu kunye nabaqeshi abafuna ukuhambisana nemithetho echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho. Esi sikhokelo sinikela ingongoma ecacileyo yenkqubo, ukususela ekuphandweni kophanda, kwisigqibo, nasekulandeleni uphando.

Ukuqonda Ucalucalulo Lobudala Nendlela Obusetyenziswa Ngayo Ngokomthetho

Ucalucalulo lobudala lubakho xa umntu ephathwa kancinci ngenxa yobudala bakhe, oludla ngokuchaphazela abaqeshi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu. E-United States, umthetho ophambili we-oyileya ukwahlulwa ngokweminyaka emsebenzini yi- Agespartivation in Observation Act (ADEA) ka1967]. I-ADEA isebenza kubaqeshi abaqeshi abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu, kuquka oorhulumente borhulumente belizwe kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, abameli bemisebenzi, kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Ikhusela ucalucalucalucalulo kumsebenzi, ukuqeshwa, ukukhutshwa, ukukhutshwa, ukuhliswa, ukuhliswa, ukuhliswa, nokusetyenziswa kwemiqathango okanye iimeko zengqesho.

Amanye amazwe anokhuseleko olufanayo. Umzekelo, uMthetho wobuLungeni woManyano wama-2010 wokwalela ucalucalulo lobudala ekusebenzeni nasekuqeqesheni umsebenzi. I-European Union’s Emplity Edificity Information[ [2000/78/EC] inika isiseko samalungu oluntu ukulwa nocalulo lweminyaka. Ukuqonda umongo othile womthetho ubalulekile ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zokuhlola kunye nonyango zohluka-mthetho.

Indima Yezothutho

IKhomishini ye-EFLT Equalial Opportunity Commission (EOC) lisebe likarhulumente elijongene nokunyanzelisa i-ADEA eUnited States. Kumgangatho wesizwe, amaphondo amaninzi anamaziko afanelekileyo emisebenzi (FEPAs) aphengulula iingxelo zocalulo phantsi kwemithetho karhulumente. Kwezinye iimeko, la maqumrhu asebenza kwi-taniumthetho we-EOC ngezivumelwano zomsebenzi. Amaqumrhu afanayo akhoyo emhlabeni wonke, njengamaqumrhu alinganayo kunye neKhomishini yamalungelo abantu [[FLT] ku-UK [FLT] kunye ne-Australia [FLT] Ii-ONFFF]

Indlela Abakhalazi Beminyaka Abafak ’ Icala Ngayo

Le nkqubo iqala xa umntu efaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni, esidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “isiqinisekiso socalulo,” kwisebe elifanelekileyo. Ukufaka isityholo kuyimfuneko ukuvala ityala labucala phantsi kwe-ADEA. Izikhalo zingabekwa kwicala lomntu, ngeposi, ngemfonomfono, okanye nge-intanethi kwizibuko likawonke-wonke-wonke. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imida engqongqo yexesha iyasebenza – jikelele, isityholo kufuneka sibekwe ngaphakathi imihla eli-180 yezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho oluthiyaluvolo (ukwenzelwano-mthetho othe ngqo (ukwenzela iintsuku ezingama-300 ngokwengxelo ngokwemithetho ye-FESI).

Ityala limele liquke iinkcukacha ezikhethekileyo:

  • IGama elipheleleyo, idilesi, kunye nenkcazelo yokuqhagamshelana yomkhalazi
  • Igama nedilesi yomqeshi (i-addident)
  • Ingcaciso ecacileyo yesenzo sokukhupha ucalulo kwanaxa zenzeka
  • Isiseko socalulo (ixesha, yaye ukuba lufanelekile, iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo ezikhuselweyo)
  • Nabuphi na ubungqina obufanelekileyo, obunjengee-imeyili, uhlolo lomsebenzi, iingxelo zamangqina, okanye amaxwebhu enkqubo

Xa isityholo sifunyenwe, umbutho uhlola ukuba liliphi igunya nexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba isikhalazo singaphandle kwegunya lombutho okanye sibekwa emva kwexesha kakhulu, ityala lingarhoxiswa. Ukuba lamkelekile, umbutho uza kusebenzisa isaziso setyala lomqeshi aze aqalise ukuphengulula.

Inkqubo Yophando

Emva kokuba ityala lamkelekile, isigaba sophando siqala. Injongo yophando kukuqokelela ubungqina obaneleyo bokufumanisa ukuba kukho “isizathu esisengqiqweni” sokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo lobudala lwenzekile. Le nxalenye idla ngokuphethwe ngumphandi okanye ingcali yokutya. Le nkqubo ingathabatha iinyanga eziliqela, maxa wambi ukusa kunyaka okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kubuntsonkotha bemeko kunye nokukhutshwa kwengxelo yeli qumrhu.

Isabelo Sakuqala Nesaziso

Umbutho unika umphandi ojongene netyala. Isaziso setyala sithunyelwa kumqeshi, kunye nesicelo sokuphendula. Umqeshi usoloko kufuneka athumele ingxelo yesikhundla esisemthethweni, esenokuquka amaxwebhu kunye nempelesi yokuphikisa izityholo. Okhalazayo angafumana ithuba lokuphendula kumazwi omqeshi wakhe.

Ubungqina Obuqulunqweyo

Uphandi uqokelela aze ahlalutye ubungqina babo bobabini abahlukeneyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Iziphumo zengxoxo: Umkhalazi, abameli bomqeshi, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina afanelekileyo angadliwan ’ indlebe phantsi kwesifungo okanye ngokungacwangciswanga. Umphandi angabuza ngeenkqubo zomqeshi, iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, kunye neemeko ezithile zocalucalulo oluthiwe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Izicelo zoxwebhu: Umbutho ungacela iifayile zabasebenzi, iingxelo zomsebenzi, uvavanyo lomsebenzi, inkcazelo yomsebenzi, ingqokelela yamanani yokuqesha, iingxelo zoqeqesho, kunye nezikhalazo zangaphakathi. Kwiimeko zobudala bocalucalulo, ugcino-lwazi kusasazo lobudala babasebenzi, ukukhulula, okanye ukunyusela kusenokuba luncedo kakhulu.
  • Kwinhlolo-engangeniyo: Kwezinye iimeko, umphandi angatyelela indawo yomsebenzi yomqeshi ukuze ahlole iingxelo, aqwalasele iimeko, okanye adlale abasebenzi ngokufihlakeleyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uhlalutyo lobunzululwazi: ukwenzela izibhengezo zocalulo lomgaqo-nkqubo, aphengululi bangahlalutya ukuqeshwa okanye ukunyuselwa kwendlela yokufumanisa ukuba iminyaka yobudala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizigqibo ezingalunganga.

Imilinganiselo Yasemthethweni Nomthwalo Wobungqina

Ebudeni bophando, isebe lisebenzisa imigangatho emiselwe ngokomthetho. Phantsi kwe ADEA, umkhalazi kufuneka abonise ukuba iminyaka yobudala yayingunobangela wesenzo somsebenzi esingalunganga – intsingiselo yokuba esi senzo besingenakuba sifak' ngaphandle kokuba singuthunywa. Oku kungumgangatho ophezulu kunelixande elisetyenziswayo phantsi kweSihloko VII sohlanga okanye ucalucalulo lwesini. Abaxhasi bakhangela ubungqina obuthe ngqo obusekelwe kubudala okanye ubungqina obucacileyo obuthiwe yi-prelitime (umz., umlinganiselo wabasebenzi abadala abathathiweyo abathathiwe endaweni yabo bathathiwe ngabaselula).

Umqeshi angakhusela ityala ngokubonisa ukuba isenzo sasisekelwe kwinkalo esengqiqweni ngaphandle kweminyaka (RFOA), njengeemfuno ezifanelekileyo zoshishino, imiba yomsebenzi, okanye amanyathelo okuhlawula asetyenziswa ngobundilele. Noko ke, umqeshi makabonise ukuba le meko isetyenziswe ngokusengqiqweni, ngokunyanisekileyo, kwaye hayi nje njengesizathu socalucalulo.

Ixesha Elifanelekileyo Nelinokulichitha

IEEOC ijolise ukugqiba uphando ngeentsuku ezili-180 zefashoni, kodwa amatyala anzima asoloko ethatha ixesha elide. Izilibazi zingenzeka xa amaqela engaphumeleli ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukucela isandi esiphezulu, okanye xa abaphengululi besingatha ubuninzi bamatyala. Abakhalazi bangacela isaziso “esisuka kwiEEOC emva kweentsuku ezili-180, esiwavumela ukuba afake ityala kwinkundla yesizwe nokuba uphando luseqhubeka.

Iindlela Zogqibo: Ukusuka kuXhosa ukuya kwiNdlela yoMgaqo-siseko

Xa uphando lugqityiwe, umbutho unika ukuzimisela. Kukho iziphumo ezintathu ezingundoqo: akukho sizathu esisengqiqweni, unobangela ofanelekileyo, okanye isisombululo esifikelelweyo ngenye impikiswano. Indlela nganye ineziphumo ezahlukileyo kumacala omabini.

Asingosizathu Esisengqiqweni Sokuzimisela

Ukuba umphandi ufumana ubungqina obunganele bokuxhasa eli lityala, umbutho uza kukhupha “ukungaqiniseki okufanelekileyo” kwaye alahle ityala. Umkhalazi ufumana isaziso esilungileyo sokuya kwi-ienuase, ebavumela ukuba bafake ityala labucala ngeentsuku ezingama-90. Umqeshi uxelelwa ukuba ugxothiwe, yaye ityala livaliwe kwimbono yombutho. Kodwa ke, umkhalazi uyakwazi ukusukela inyathelo elisemthethweni ngokuzimeleyo.

Isizathu Esisengqiqweni Sokuzimisela

Ukuba umphandi ufumana ubungqina obaneleyo bokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo luye lwavela, le nqanaba likhuthaza “ukuzimisela okusengqiqweni. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho ulungiso olufanelekileyo, apho isebe lizama ukufikelela kwingingqi yokuzithandela phakathi kwamaqela. Isebe liza kucebisa iingcaciso ezithile, njengokubuyiselwa, ukubuyiselwa, ukuqeshwa, ukunyuselwa, okanye utshintsho lwenkqubo. Umqeshi ukhuthazwa ukuba abe nenxaxheba kukholo olulungileyo, kodwa ukuba ukuququzelelana kobuhlanga kungafaka ityala ngenxa yomntu okhalazayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iEOC iza kufaka iifayile kwimiba encinane kuphela yezizathu ezisengqiqweni, ngokufuthi igcina ityala elibalulekileyo okanye elibi.

Isisombululo soovimba kunye nenye impikiswano

Amasebe amaninzi anikela ungenelelo lokuzithandela kwasekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe uphando olupheleleyo. Inkqubo yokuXhoba iEOC ikhululekile kwaye iyafihlakala. Umlamleli ongathathi-nxaxheba unceda amatheko anxibelelana kwaye afumane izisombululo ezivumelanayo. I-Media ingazicombulula ngokukhawuleza iingxabano, ngokufuthi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, kwaye iphephe uxinezeleko neendleko zokuphanda okuqhubekayo okanye ukuphengulula okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlala phantsi kwemibutho yoqhagamshelwano kungaquka imbuyiselo yemali, ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi, iimbekiselo zobundilele, okanye iinguqu-nkqubo zemisebenzi. Akukho qela elifunekayo ukwamkela isivumelwano, kwaye ukungenzeli ekuqhubeki kwelungelo lokuphengulula uphando ukuba akuphumeleli.

Ukumangalelwa Nezigwebo ZeNkundla

Ukuba ukuququzelela okanye ukuvalwa kwemibutho yezakhono akuphumelelanga, kwaye isibonelelo sigqibe kwelokuba kubekwe ityala kwinkundla yesizwe. Umkhalazi angafaka ityala labucala kwakhona emva kokufumana isaziso sasekunene ukuya kumbindi. Enkundleni, umthwalo wobungqina uxhomekeke kumntu ocacileyo ukubonisa ukuba ubudala buyingxaki ethintelayo kwisenzo esingalunganga. Iimvavanyo zingabandakanya iijaji, kwaye impumelelo yabalawuli banokuphinda bafumane intlawulo, ilahleko engaphambili (ihlawula kabini ukuba ukwaphula umthetho bekungabomvolondi), imirhumo yegqwetha, kwaye ikhuthuzelo engenakugwetywa njengokubuyiselwa. Umlinganiselo wesohlwayo unokuba luncedo, ingakumbi xa abaqeshi befunyanwa besenza ngokungakhathali ngenxa yomthetho.

Ukhuseleko ekubuyiselweni nasekulandeleni ulawulo

Imithetho karhulumente neyamafashoni ikhusela ngokucacileyo abantu ababhala izikhalazo zocalucalulo zobudala ekuziphindezeleni. Phantsi kwe-ADEA, akuvumelekanga ukuba umqeshi ohlwaye umqeshi ngenxa yezenzo zokuchasa ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukubeka ityala, ukuba nenxaxheba ekuphengululeni, okanye ukungqinela ukuqhubekeka. Ukubuyiselwa komthetho kungaquka ukuphelisa, ukuthotywa kweliso, ukukhathazwa komvuzo, okanye nasiphi na isenzo esingalunganga. Ukuba kutyholwa, umqeshwa angafaka isityholo esahlukeneyo, kwaye isiko sisenokuphanda ityala yombini ityala lokuqala kunye nenyathelo lokuthatha inyathelo.

Emva kokuhlaliswa okanye kwesigqibo esinempumelelo, abameli bangalandela uhlolo lokuqinisekisa ukuba abaqeshi baphumeze amayeza avumelanayo, afana nokulungisa iinkqubo, ukuqhuba uqeqesho, okanye ukubuyisela abasebenzi kwiindawo zabo ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, iEEOC ingafuna iingxelo zokuthobela okanye utyelelo locwangciso. Oku kuqhubeka kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphulwa kwekamva nokuqinisa ukubaluleka koqheliselo lwemisebenzi engokwasebudala.

Owona Mkhwa Ulungileyo Ofanele Abaqeshi Bawuphephe Uze Baziphathe Izikhalazo

Abaqeshi banokuyinciphisa kakhulu iingcinga zocalulo ngokuthabatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo.

  • Ukufakela iinkqubo ezicacileyo ezichasene nocalulo-calulo ezithi ngokucacileyo zithintele ukucalucalula iminyaka yobudala kuzo zonke izigqibo zemisebenzi, ngoqeqesho oluthe rhoqo kubaphathi kunye nabasebenzi beHR.
  • Izigqibo zoshishino zokubhala ngokucokisekileyo - imiba yomsebenzi, imilinganiselo yokususa, kunye nezigqibo zonyuselo mazisekelwe kwinjongo, kwizinto ezinxulumene nomsebenzi ezinokukhuselwa ukuba kucelwe ingxengxezo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Amanani abasebenzi ngamaxesha athile ukuchaza naziphina iinkalo ezinokubonisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kubasebenzi abakhulileyo.
  • Ukuhambelana ngokukhawuleza nangentsebenziswano xa ityala libekwa, xa ukhangela isiluleko somthetho. Ukusebenzisana nabaphandi nokunika ulwazi olupheleleyo, ulwazi oluchanileyo lungabonakalisa ukholo olulungileyo kwaye lungayinciphisa inkqubo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuqwalasela uphatho-malungu kwangoko ukusombulula iingxabano ezixabisa imali esebenzayo nefihlakeleyo.

Ukubaluleka Komelo Olusemthethweni

Abakhalazi nabaqeshi bayangenelwa kukhokelo olusemthethweni. Abaqeshwa abanamava omthetho wemisebenzi banganceda ekufumaneni ubungqina, baqinisekise ukuba ityala libekwe phakathi kwemiqathango ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye banikwe imvume yokusebenza. Abaqeshi, icebiso elingokwasemthethweni linganceda ekulungiseleleni iingxelo zesikhundla, ekuqhubeni uphando lwangaphakathi, nasekufuneni izicelo ngaphandle kokuvuma ityala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, icebiso langaphambili elingokwasemthethweni lingathintela ukungaqondani okuncinane ekunyukeni kungeneleni kwizikhalazo ezisemthethweni.

Iimbono Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ngeminyaka Zokuphanda Ngeembono Zobudala

Ngeli xesha inkqubo ye-EEOC ijolise phambili eUnited States, amanye amazwe anenkqubo ye-alogous. E-United Kingdom, intelekelelo ziphengululwa ukulingana nokungalingani kwe-Advisory kunye neSekela- Service Service [EASSS] kwaye inokuziswa kwinkundla yemisebenzi. Inkqubo yenkundla ingaphezulu kakhulu kune-EEOC, isoloko ibandakanya ukuva okusesikweni. EKhanada, iphondo ngalinye linobucala balo lamalungelo abantu, eliphengulula kwaye lihlola izikhalazo zobudala. I-Europe Union ifuna ukuba kunikwe iziphumo ezisebenzayo, kwaye ineeprojectivesssssss zisebenzisa uphando olukhethekileyo.

Naphezu kokungafani kweenkqubo, kuvela imixholo eqhelekileyo: ukujolisa ekuqokelelweni kobungqina, amathuba okuhlaziywa okanye ukukhuselwa, kunye nokukhuselwa nxamnye nempindezelo. Abaqeshi bomda wokunqamleza i-oyile kufuneka bayazi imithetho kummandla ngamnye apho basebenza khona, njengokuba izigwebo neenkqubo zihluka kakhulu.

Oovimba Nokufunda Ngokungakumbi

Abantu abafuna inkcazelo engakumbi banokukhangela le mithombo ilandelayo inegunya:

  • I Eququzelela iKhomishini yeNkqutyana yeNdlela yoMsebenzi yoHlomelo loHlomelo loNyaka [iphepha eli- inika ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha zokuqokelela ityala kunye ne-ADEA.
  • [[UMTL:0] Icebo lolawulo lomntu (SRM)[FL:1] inika amacebo alungileyo kubaqeshi ukunqanda uqhekeko lobudala.
  • ISebe leMisebenzi lase-U.S. lisingatha izikhalazo zocalucalulo loMasipala.
  • Umbhalo opheleleyo we ADEA uyafumaneka kwi-website ye-EEOC.
  • Kwiimbono zezizwe ngezizwe, iKhomishini [[FLT: 0] yobulingana-kungalingani namalungelo abantu kwiUK inika oovimba ababanzi.

Isiphelo

Izikhalazo zocalucalulo lobudala zithathwa nzulu ngamagunya kuba zilula ukuthoba umgaqo osisiseko wokufumana ithuba elifanayo emsebenzini. Inkqubo yokuphanda kunye nezogqibo, ngelinye ixesha, inika abaqeshwa indlela elungeleleneyo yokufuna okusesikweni kunye nabaqeshi ukuba bathethe ngokuchane kwaye balungise imisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Ngokuqonda amanyathelo abandakanyekileyo – ukusuka ekufakeni ityala elineenkcukacha, ngokuqokelela ingqokelela kunye nokukhupha ulwazi, ukuze afumaneke aze alandelele ulwalathiso oluphezulu – omabini amaqela angalawula inkqubo ngendlela ephumelelayo. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo enzima yokungathethi nje kuphela ukunyanga iingozi zomntu ngamnye kodwa ikwanceda ukuba kuvezwe umsebenzi ongenakuguqulwa namanani olinganayo nowabantu bonke.