Kummandla wempahla yengqondo, imvume neempawu ziphakathi kwezona zinto zixabisekileyo ishishini okanye umntu ngamnye angazifumana. Zikhusela izinto ezivelisweyo, umqondiso wesida, kunye nemisebenzi yokudala, zinika umphetho wokhuphiswano kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Noko ke, xa kuvela iimpikiswano ngala malungelo, ukuchasana, okanye ubunikazi buphezulu kakhulu. Inkqubo yokusebenza kakuhle, onke amaqela kufuneka abe nentembelo yokuba imeko yawo iza kubekwa ngokungakhethi siseko kwaye igcinelwe imithetho emiselweyo. Le yindawo apho umgaqo osemthethweni we- umele uphathwele umthetho . [inkqubo engundoqo] iqinisekisa ukuba akukho namnye ohluthwayo impahla yawo , kunye nepropati ezifanelekileyo. I-'iprojectivessssssss syt'iiigrock igcina inguvimba nemithetho yemithetho esemthethweni.

Yiyiphi Inkqubo Efanelekileyo?

Enyanzelweni yayo, inkqubo efunekayo, sisiqinisekiso somgaqo-siseko esisekelwe kuMgaqo-siseko wesihlanu noweshumi elinesine weZigqibo zoMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States. IsiHlanzi sesihlanu soMgaqo-siseko sithintela urhulumente wezwe ukuba ahluthe nawuphi na umntu “ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla, ngaphandle kwenkqubo efunekayo yomthetho.” UMthetho weMimiselo weshumi elinesine weSimendo wandisa inkqubo ekwalelweyo koorhulumente. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iinkundla ziye zatolika inkqubo efunekayo yokufuna amacala amabini angundoqo: [[FLT:]] amaqela afanelekileyo efunekayo kunye kunye [FLT]

Inkqubo efunekayo inxulumene nokusesikweni kweenkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isigqibo. Ifuna ukuba abantu bafumane hayi i-out yesenzo esisemthethweni esinokuchaphazela amalungelo abo, kunye nethuba elithe ngqo lokuviwa phambi kwenkundla engakhethiyo]. Kumongo wokuchasa nophawu, oku kuthetha ukuba ummangaleli omangalelwayo, ummangaleli wesigqeba esijongene nenkcaso, okanye umnini wemvume ejongene nocelomngeni loqinisekiso kufuneka axelelwe kakuhle oko kuthethwayo nokunikwa ithuba lokuphendula ngokungakhethi kwimpikiswano.

Yinkqubo efihlakeleyo, kwelinye icala, ibuza ukuba umthetho ongaphantsi kwangasese ulungile kwaye unengqiqo kusini na. Nangona kungasoloko kucelwa uncedo kwiimpikiswano ze-IP, ingavela xa imimiselo okanye imimiselo ihlutha amalungelo amaqela ngendlela engekho ngqiqweni okanye engenangqiqo. Kwiimpikiswano ezininzi ezizimeleyo nezibonisayo, ukugxininisa kuthe ngqo kwimigaqo yendalo.

Inkqubela kwimpikiswano etshintsha-tshintshayo

Iimpikiswano ezimandundu zenzeka kwimiba emininzi (ingakumbi kwi-ofisi ye-United States i-Patant ne-Trademark (USPTO) nakwinkundla yetyala. I-folum nganye isebenzisa imigaqo efunekayo, nangona iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zahlukile.

I-USPTO Inkqubela: Ukuhlola kwakhona kunye nezilingo ze-AYA

I-USPTO iphatha imingeni esemthethweni yokusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngobuchule obuninzi, kuquka inxalenye yokuhlola kwakhona, icandelo elidibanisa uhlolo (IPR), uhlolo lweposi (PGR), kunye nendlela egqunyiweyo yeshishini (CBM). Ezi zenzo zadalwa okanye zatshintshwa nguMthetho (AAA) ka-2011. Inkqubo elindelekileyo iphothiwe kwiplani yazo:

  • Iphepha: Umceli kufuneka anikele isicelo esipheleleyo esichaza izizathu zocelomngeni, kwaye umnini wemvume osemthethweni ufumana ikopi kwaye unikwe ixesha lokuphendula.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imikhosi efuna ukuviwa: inganika ubungqina, kuquka izibhengezo zobuchule kunye nobugcisa bangaphambili. Ikwanelungelo lokuva umlomo phambi kwe-Paten Trial kunye nebhodi yezibheno (PTAB).
  • Abaenzi-zigqibo abangakhethiyo: Abagwebi be-PTAB bagwebi abasemthethweni abangenanxaxheba kuvavanyo lokuqala lwemvume. Kufuneka baziphinde bazibeke esichengeni ukuba kukho ukungavisisani kwenzala.
  • Icebo: Ngelixesha lilinganiselweyo xa kuthelekiswa nenkundla yelizwe, amaqela angafumana amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye nofakelo ngokufumana okuvumelanayo okanye ngokuhamba.

Ngaphandle kwezi zikhuseli, bambi baye baphakamisa inkxalabo ngesantya se-AIA kunye nokungangeniswa “kwamaqela okufa” kwi-PTAB. INkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. kwi- i-Oil States Energy Service v. IGree’s Energy Group [ [2088]) yaxhasa ukuchasana kwemithetho-mgaqo-siseko we-IPR, ukugatya iSiqeqe se- III okanye isiHlazi- Amezi. Inkundla yagxininisa ukuba i-IPR “yinkqubo emiselwe ukuphucula ubulunga bobunjani nokukhusela umdla babantu ekungabini namalungelo angekho mthethweni, kwaye loo nkqubo ikhuselekile.

Ukupheliswa kweNkundla yoManyano

Amatyala aphazamisayo agcinwa kwiinkundla zesithili zase-U.Apha, inkqubo efunekayo ifakwe ngokunzulu kwiMithetho yeSizwe yoLawulo lwaMasipala. IiParies zinelungelo loku:

  • Inqaku lolwakhiwo: Isikhalazo kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo ulwenziwo (ii) kutyholwa ukuba luchasiwe kwaye nesiseko solawulo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imfihlelo: ufuno olubanzi luvumela omabini amacala ukufumana amaxwebhu, iimpendulo ezigosayo, kunye nobungqina bokufaka. Oku kubalulekileyo kuba iimeko ezininzi ezisemthethweni zixhomekeke kulwazi lobugcisa nonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lwamaqela.
  • [[FLT: 0] Uqheliso lobumpu: Imisebenzi ingayifayile yentshukumo ukulahla, ukukhupha umgwebo wesishwankathelo, okanye ukukhupha ubungqina. Olu hambo kufuneka luviwe lugqitywe ngumgwebi osekelwe kwimigangatho esemthethweni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] : IsiHlalisi seSexubi siqinisekisa ukuvavanywa kwetyala labachopheli-tyala kumatyala asemthethweni omonakalo. Kwanaxa kuvavanywa ibhedi, ijaji kufuneka inike ingxelo ngeziphumo zenyaniso neziphelo zomthetho.
  • Appals:[ Naliphi na iqela lingabhenela kwisigqibo senkundla yesithili kwiNkundla yezibheno ye-U.S. yeQumrhu loManyano, elihlola izigqibo ezingokwasemthethweni de novo kunye neziphumo ezicacileyo zempazamo ecacileyo.

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba inkundla ibe negunya lobuqu kummangalelwa, qha xa ethengiswa okanye eqhuba imicimbi kwiphondo le-Forum. Imithetho yeVenue iqinisekisa ukuba amatyala abekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo.

Inkqubela elindelekileyo kwiiNkxaso zoThwebo

Iimpikiswano zorhwebo zivela xa kubhaliswa (ukubekwa nokurhoxiswa kwetyala kwiBhodi yeTrademark Appeal ne-TTAB) kunye nokunyanzeliswa (izenzo zokuhlasela kwinkundla yephondo). Inkqubo elindelekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba kusetyenziswa impatho esesikweni kuzo zombini imidlalo.

Inkqubela yeTTAB: Inkcaso nokurhoxiswa

Xa iqela likholelwa ukuba isicelo sophawu okanye ubhaliso akufunekanga luvunyelwe, ngenxa yokuba kuyadida kuphawu olukhoyo, kuyadida, okanye kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukuhlakulelwa kwethambiso-ukungahliswa kwethayitha-ukungavumelani neTTAB. ITTAB yinkundla yolawulo phakathi kwe-USPTO esebenza njengenkundla yesizwe kodwa ineenkqubo ezinomsinga.

  • Iphepha lokwalatha: Umfaki-sicelo okanye obhalisiweyo kufuneka ancedwe nenkcaso okanye isicelo sokurhoxisa. I TTAB icwangcisa ixesha elingagqibekanga lempendulo (edla ngokuba iintsuku 40).
  • Icebo lokufumana likhona, kuquka ii-axistems, izicelo, kunye nezicelo zemveliso. Imithetho ye-TTAB ibonakalisa imithetho ye-Federal yeProcedice yangaphakathi kwiimeko ezininzi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Impetho kunye nokuvavanywa: Izahlulo zingayifakela isalathisi somgwebo esishwankathelweyo. Ukuba imeko iqhubekeka ekuvavanyeni, banikezela ubungqina kunye nobungqina ngolundululo olubhaliweyo okanye ubungqina obuphilayo ekuchongweni ngomlomo.
  • Appal:[ Iqela eliphulukana nento linokubhena isigqibo seTTAB kwiFederal Friver okanye fayile yesenzo soburhulumente de novo kwinkundla yesithili yase-U.S.

Inkqubo elindelekileyo iyasebenza naku exex e iziphumo zovavanyo kumgangatho wovavanyo lwe-USPTO. Umzekelo, ukuba igqwetha elihlolayo liyalwala ubhaliso, umfaki-sicelo ufumana iNkqutyana ye-Ofisi echaza ulwamkelo, kwaye unethuba lokuphendula. Ukuba ukwala kwenziwa okugqibekileyo, umfaki-sicelo angabhenela kwi-TTAB.

Ukwenziwa kweqhinga lorhwebo

Kwinkundla yephondo, abanikazi bophawu lophawu batyholwa ngokusetyenziswa koMthetho weLanham (15 U.S.C. 765). Ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo luphantse lufane naleyo ikwiziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni: isaziso, ukufunyanwa, ukushukuma, ukuvavanywa, kunye nesibheno. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba amalungelo ophawu asekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezorhwebo, iinkundla zidla ngokuqwalasela imiqathango yendawo, nto leyo ebangela inkxakeko yemfuno yobuqu ne-ofisi. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yezomthetho iqapheleka i-'Tor Co. v. Montalth Justiney Regiver Co. [12:]

Ukhuseleko lweProcedism ngaphaya kwempikiswano

Ngoxa iinkcukacha zingafani ngefolum, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo olufanelekileyo lufumaneka jikelele kwimicimbi esemthethweni nephawu:

  • Inqaku lophawu olucacileyo lokuzithethelela okanye lokuzikhusela ukuze iqela eliphikisanayo likwazi ukulungiselela impendulo. Oku kuthintela ukuba “kugadwe ngokulalela."
  • Ithuba lokunika ubungqina nesiphumezi-miyalelo: kufuneka zibe nethuba elinentsingiselo lokunikezela ubungqina obufanelekileyo, ukubiza amangqina, kwaye wenze iimpikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni.
  • Umenzi wesigqibo ongakhethi mithetho: Abagwebi, abagwebi bolawulo, okanye amajaji kufuneka bangabi namkhethe okanye inzala yobuqu. Kwimimiselo yezolawulo, oku kuqiniswa ngemithetho yendlela yokuziphatha kunye neemfuno zobuphine-cala.
  • [[UMTLL:0] Izigqibo ezivunyiweyo: Abenzi-zigqibo kufuneka bachaze imiyalelo yabo, banike isiseko sohlolo. Oku kujolise kwiinkundla zempinda ukufumanisa ukuba iimpazamo zenzekile kusini na.
  • Uncedo olusebenzayo lwesiluleko (kwezinye iimeko): Ngelixesha lungekho semthethweni kwimpikiswano zamakhaya, ukuqesha amagqwetha neengcali kusoloko kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa imithetho entsonkothileyo ye-IP.

Xa abantu becinga ukuba baphathwa kakuhle, badla ngokwamkela iziphumo ezibi yaye abafane babhenele kwizenzo eziphazamisayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezeejaji njengenethwekhi yokhuseleko

Akukho nkqubo ifezekileyo, kwaye iinkundla zolawulo okanye kwaneenkundla zesithili zinokwenza iimpazamo. Uhlolo lwezomthetho lunika umaleko obalulekileyo wenkqubo efanelekileyo. Iintlanganiso ezinganelisekanga sisigqibo se-USPTO (PTAB okanye TTAB) zingabhenela kwiNtlanganiso yeSithili. Izigqibo zesithili nazo ziyabhenela kwiFederal Cederal Cederal ukwenzela amatyala asemthethweni, okanye kwisiphaluka sengi esifanelekileyo semibango yecandelo (amandla ophawu asoloko ehamba kwiSibheno seFederal zungezokuba zibandakanya i-TTAB).

Iinkundla zezicelo zihlola izigqibo zomthetho de novo, okuthetha ukuba azilibaliseli kutoliko lwenkundla esezantsi. Izinto ezifunyenweyo ziphinda zihlolwe “impazamo ecacileyo” okanye“ ubungqina obukhoyo” buxhomekeke kumongo. Olu hlolo lubini luqinisekisa ukuba iimpazamo zingalungiswa kwaye amaqela anethuba elipheleleyo lokuvavanya imigaqo engalunganga.

Iingxaki Nokugxekwa Kwenkqubo Efanelekileyo YeIP

Nangona ibalulekile, ukusebenzisa inkqubo efanelekileyo kwiimpikiswano ezisemthethweni neempawu zophawu akuyongxaki.

  • [[NTL:0] Inkcazo nolibaziseko: Inkqubo epheleleyo efunekayo ``engakumbi ukufunyaniswa okuninzi nokuvakala kaninzi/ukunganinzi-kakhulu kungaba nexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Kwimashishini amancinane okanye abasunguli ngabanye, ixabiso lokuchaza imvume okanye ityala lophawu linokuba liphezulu ngokuthintelwayo, libanqabela ukufikelela kwisigwebo. Ezinye zibiza imigaqo eninzi ehambayo, kodwa ukulungelelanisa impumelelo ngobulungisa kunzima.
  • Izenzo zokuxhaphaza ezifihlakeleyo: Kwiziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni, umthwalo wemveliso yoxwebhu ungaba mkhulu. Imikhosi ingasebenzisa ukufumanisa ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuqhuba iindleko okanye ukuvumbulula iimfihlo zorhwebo. Iinkundla zinezixhobo zokulinganisela ukufunyanwa, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa kuseyinkxalabo.
  • Imigangatho egqithisileyo kwi PTAB vs. iinkundla: I-PTAB isebenzisa umthwalo omncinci wobungqina ukubonisa ukungafezeki (“ukuqwalasela kobungqina”) xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho“ ocacileyo noweyisekayo” osetyenziswa enkundleni ukukhutshwa kwemvume. Lo mahluko ungenza ingqiqo yokungalungisi, ingakumbi xa umnini osemthethweni ejongene nocelomngeni olufanayo kuzo zombini ii-forum.
  • [[UMTL:0] Inkcaso engokwendalo: Ukutyunjwa komdlalo phakathi kwe-USPTO ingcebiso kunye namatyala asenkundleni kufuna ubuchule obuntsonkothileyo. Amatheko angalahlekelwa ngaphandle ukuba ayasilela ukuthobela amaxesha amiselweyo okanye imithetho ethile.
  • Inkqubo elindelekileyo yamaqela angachazwanga: i-USPTO inika oovimba abalinganiselweyo ukwenzela abasebenzi abakwi-sethi. Ngelixesha izibonelelo zenze imigudu yokwenza ulungiso olulula nokunika ukhokelo, umntu ongenalo igqwetha angazama ngamandla ukusebenzisa amalungelo abo afanelekileyo.

Ezi ngxaki zibalaselisa ukuba inkqubo efanelekileyo ayiyonto nje esengqiqweni kodwa luzibopho olusebenzisekayo olufuna ukuhlala uphaphile yaye uphucule. Iinkundla kunye namaziko asoloko elungisa imithetho ukuze kulungelelaniswe ubulungisa, ukusebenza kakuhle nexabiso.

Isiphelo

Imodeli yenkqubo yelinchpin yokusesikweni kwimpikiswano esemthethweni nephawu. Ukusukela kwixesha imvume esemthethweni icetyiswa okanye uphawu oluchasayo, amaqela kufuneka anikwe isaziso, ukuva, kunye nomenzi wesigqibo ongakhethiyo. Ezi zikhuseli ziqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo empahla yomntu angahluthwa ngokwayo, kwaye oko kukuthi kuphela iprojekthi esebenzayo inyanzeliswe. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo efunekayo ikhuthaza ukuthemba uluntu kwinkqubo ye-IP, ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemali ekuphuculweni kwempahla kunye nophuhliso lomcimbiso.

Nangona kungekho nkqubo ifezekileyo, kwaye ucelomngeni olufana nexabiso kunye nokuntsonkotha kuqhubekeka, ukuzimisela kwinkqubo efanelekileyo kuhlala komelele. Iinkundla ze-USPTO, kunye neenkundla ze-applate zisoloko zilungisa iinkqubo zazo ukuxhasa isiqinisekiso somGaqo-siseko sosuku olulungileyo enkundleni (okanye kwibhodi. Nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwimpikiswano esemthethweni okanye echazayo, ukuqonda inkqubo efunekayo akuyomfundo nje; kubalulekile ukukhusela amalungelo awo nokufikelela isiphumo sobulungisa.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwinkqubo efunekayo kwipropati yengqondo, bona iCornell Information yeStudents yoLwimi lweziko le-, i-USPTO's kulwazi olukwiMelika Intects Act, kunye ne Iziko lokwandiswa kwemithetho ebhaliweyo yePTABPT].