Ukwazisa: Indima Yezigulo Zezobupolitika Kulawulo Lwanamhlanje

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphakathi kwamaziko anempembelelo enkulu kulo naliphi na ibutho ledemokhrasi. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolisiso olunzulu lwezo zinto zikhoyo, indlela abemi abazenza ngayo izinto, bachaza iinjongo zabo zezobupolitika, kwaye bakhuphisana ukuze balawule urhulumente. Ngoxa ingcamango yeqela lezobupolitika isenokubonakala icacile, ubunzulu bempembelelo yalo kwimigaqo, imbono kawonke-wonke, kunye neziphumo zonyulo. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo lwandiso lwazo namaqela ezobupolitika, indlela asebenza ngayo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo abazenza ngazo, kunye nendlela ababumba ngayo ukhetho abalusebenzisa ngayo kwimibutho ekwakheni abavoti kunye nabenzi bemithetho efanayo.

Ukuqonda amaqela ezobupolitika kubalulekile kungekuphela nje kubafundi benzululwazi yezobupolitika kodwa nakuwo nawuphi na ummi othenjiweyo. Izigqibo zenzela abathathi-nxaxheba, abamele bafake imibandela efuna ukubeka ingqwalaselo, nendlela yokumisela iingxoxo zobupolitika ngokungqalileyo ezichaphazela ubunjani bomelo kunye nempilo yamaqumrhu edemokhrasi. Njengoko imekobume yezobupolitika isiya intsonkotha kwaye ingenabugocigocigoci, ukuxhaka kwamaqela anamandla kuba luncedo ngakumbi.

Liyintoni Iqela Lezobupolitika?

Iqela lezobupolitika liqela elilungelelanisiweyo labantu abanobudlelane ngeenkolelo, imilinganiselo kunye neenjongo eziqhelekileyo. Injongo yabo ephambili kukufumana igunya lezobupolitika ngobuchule bokukhetha, obuqhelekileyo ngokuyalela abathathi-nxaxheba kwisikhundla sikarhulumente nokufuna ukulawula oomatshini borhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo namaqela abanamatyala okanye imibutho yezolawulo, amaqela ezobupolitika azimisele ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo kunokuba aphembelele abo banegunya.

Amaqela ezobupolitika asebenza njengebhulorho phakathi koluntu norhulumente. Adibanisa izilangazelelo ezahlukeneyo kwimigangatho edityanisiweyo, ahlaziywa lula amacandelo ezobupolitika antsonkothileyo kubavoti, kwaye alungiselela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuba nenxaxheba kwezobupolitika. Kwinkoliso yedemokhrasi, amaqela ngabadlali abaphambili kunyulo, kumaqumrhu owiso-mthetho, nee-ofisi zesebe eliphethe.

Iintsebenziswano zahluka kakhulu kwimibutho yangaphakathi, iinkcubeko, namanqanaba okuqulunqwa. Ezinye zisebenza njengeengqeqesho eziphezulu, imibutho ephakathi eneemfuno ezingqongqo zamalungu, ngoxa ezinye zilulwelo oluninzi kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kumanyano. Umsonto oqhelekileyo kukugxininisa kwabo ekuphumeleleni unyulo nokusebenzisa igunya likarhulumente ukuzalisekisa imigaqo yabo.

Amaqela ezobupolitika akwawenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Xa umvoti ebona ilebhile yeqela kwivoti, afumana ulwazi olukhawulezileyo malunga neendawo ezisenokuba zembambo kwimibandela engundoqo. Le sandla inciphisa umthwalo wokwazi kwivoti kwaye yenza ukuba ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kufikeleleke ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kwamaqela, abavoti bangafuna ukuphanda ngamnye kumntu ngamnye, umsebenzi ongabi namsebenzi kunyulo olukhulu.

Imisebenzi Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Umelo lwezilangazelelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika asebenza njengezinikezelo zoluvo lukawonke-wonke, athumela izilangazelelo kunye nenkxalabo yabantu abawasebenzisayo kwinkqubo yenkqubo. Azichaza ezi zinto kwiqonga leqela, kwizicelo zowiso-mthetho, nakwiingxelo zikawonke-wonke. Ukumela okusebenzayo kufuna ukuba amaqela ahlale enxibelelane nokhetho oluqulunqileyo lwesiseko sawo ngoxa ekwanomtsalane kwimibutho ebanzi yabavoti.

Umelo asiyonkqubo yokungenzi nto. Imisebenzi esebenzayo ephuhliswayo ephambili kwingxoxo yezobupolitika. Ngokukhetha imiba ethile ukugxininisa, amaqela anceda ekuchazeni udweliso lwezopolitiko kwaye afumanise ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezifumana ingqalelo karhulumente. Eli gunya lokumisela amacebo lelona nxalenye ziphambili zempembelelo yeqela.

Ulungiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nocwangciso lwe-Agenda

Izahlulo zezixhobo eziphambili zophuhliso lwenkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ziphanda, zirhuqe, zikhuthaza izindululo zenkqubo ezibonakalisa izibophelelo zabo zengqiqo neemfuno zabaxhasi babo. Ngokucinga kwangaphakathi, ngokunxibelelana neengcali, nokunxibelelana namaqabane ahlangeneyo, amaqonga eenqanawa zamaqela anika abavoti umbono olungelelanisiweyo wokulawula.

Umsebenzi wokumiselwa kwenkqubo ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ebudeni bemijikelo yonyulo, xa amaqela ekhupha imigangatho echaza umthetho wawo ocetyiswayo, ukuchitha izinto eziza kuqala, kunye neenguqu zolawulo. La maxwebhu asebenza njengezivumelwano nabavoti, anika isiseko sokuphendula xa amaqela ethabatha isikhundla.

Ukhetho noHlahlo

Enye yezona misebenzi zibalulekileyo zamaqela ezobupolitika kukufumana nokukhetha abathathi-nxaxheba kwiofisi kawonke-wonke. Amajelo abonisa, ivet, kwaye axhasa abantu abavumelana namaxabiso abo kwaye banobuchule obufunekayo ukulawula ngokunempumelelo. Inkqubo yokukhetha isuka kwizinto ezivulekileyo ezivumela onke amalungu eqela ukuba avote, ukuvala iindibano apho amaqela aphezulu akhetha ii-nomine.

Ubunjani babantu abathe bajoliswe phambili ngamaqela bunempembelelo engqalileyo kumgangatho wolawulo. Amaphulo afaka imali ekufumaneni imvume yokuqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa adla ngokuvelisa amagosa afanelekileyo nanoxanduva olungakumbi anyulweyo. Ngokuchasene noko, iinkqubo ezineengxubevange ezibuthathaka zeqela zingabona abangayi kufikelelanga kakuhle okanye abafuni kumgangatho ofanelekileyo.

Ukwenziwa kwembutho yeVoter kunye nokusetyenziswa kwePhondo

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphakathi kwabasebenzi abasebenzayo bomvoti abalungiselela ukuvota. Ngemijelo yokucanda emnyango, iibhanki zemfonomfono, iposi ethe ngqo, izibhengezo zamanani, kunye nokuphuma kwenqwelo-mafutha, amaqela asebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaxhasi bawo baphuma ngomhla wonyulo. Lo msebenzi wokuzilungiselela ubalulekile ekuthatheleni inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi, njengoko ukujika okuphezulu kuvelisa iziphumo ezithelekisayo.

Emva konyulo lwangemini, amaqela akwabandakanya abemi kwimisebenzi eqhubekayo yezopolitiko. Alungiselela imicimbi yoluntu, alungiselela iinkqubo zomamkeli-mikhosi, kwaye anika amathuba amalungu okusebenza ngokuzithandela kumaphulo okanye abathunywa kwiindibano zetheko. Oku kunyanzelisa ukubotshwa kunceda ukwakha ubumi obunolwazi lwezobupolitika nobukhutheleyo.

Ukuphendula kukarhulumente nokulawula

kumaqumrhu owiso-mthetho, amaqela anendima ephambili ekugcineni isebe elilawulayo linetyala. Amaqela enkcaso ahlolisisa izenzo zikarhulumente, acebisa ezinye iinkqubo, kunye nokufuna ukubonakala. Oku kusetyenziswa kolawulo olunamandla, ngelinye ixesha kuyimfuneko ukuphendula ngokwedemokhrasi. Amatheko aseburhulumenteni ngokufanayo agcinwa ephendula amalungu awo ngokwawo kunye nonyulo kunyulo lwamaxesha athile.

Ingqeqesho yeqela, iqondo apho amagosa anyulwe khona ngokuvota ngokuvumelana nezikhundla zamaqela awo, ingundoqo ongundoqo ekuphenduleni ityala. Ingqeqesho enamandla yeqela ivumela abavoti ukuba babe neqela elinoxanduva lomsebenzi walo, kunokuba bazame ukulandelela iingxelo zomntu ngamnye wamakhulu emithetho.

Ukuhlaliswa Kwezobupolitika Nemfundo Yeziko

Amaqela ezobupolitika nawo anegalelo ekuhlaziyweni kwabemi ngokwezobupolitika. Afundisa uluntu ngemibandela yezopolitiko, iinkqubo zobupolitika, nangeenkqubo zonyulo. Ngonxibelelwano lwawo nangokungena kwawo, amaqela anceda abemi balapho baqonde indlela urhulumente abuchaphazela ngayo ubomi babo noko banokukwenza ukuphembelela imiphumo yezobupolitika.

Lo msebenzi wokufundisa ubaluleke kakhulu kubavoti bokuqala kunye noluntu olusuka kwelinye ilizwe olusenokuba aluqhelananga nenkqubo yezobupolitika. Amagumbi afaka imali kwimfundo yoluntu anceda ukwakha unyulo olunolwazi olungakumbi noluthenjiswe kunyulo olude.

Iindidi Zemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Imikhosi emikhulu

Amaqela amakhulu, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamaqela amakhulu okanye afumana onke amaqela, ngamaqela alawulayo ezobupolitika kwinkqubo enikiweyo. Ayalela ngokuqhelekileyo oovimba bemali, izibonelelo zentlangano, kunye nenkxaso ebanzi yabanyuli. Amaqela amakhulu atyekele ekuthabatheni ipesentitri okanye kwiindawo ezilungeleleneyo ukunyusa isibheno sawo kumaqela ahlukahlukeneyo amanani. Kwinkqubo ezimbini ezifana neUnited States, amaqela eDemocratic kunye neRiphabliki angamanani abalaseleyo amaqela amakhulu alawula ummandla welizwe wezobupolitika.

Iintlaba - zahlukane Nezidlo Ezincinane

Amaqela amancinane, akwabhekiselwa kuwo njengamaqela esithathu, asebenza ngaphandle kwamaqela amabini aphambili. Asoloko emela indawo yengqiqo, izilangazelelo zengingqi, okanye imiba engenanto iqwalaselwa kakuhle ngamaqela amakhulu. Nangona amaqela amancinane enqabile ukuphumelela iiofisi ezinkulu kwimixokelelwano esekelwe kwimiba emininzi, angaphembelela ingxoxo kawonke-wonke kunye nokunyanzela amaqela amakhulu ukuba amkele iindawo zawo. Imizekelo iquka iGreen Party, iLibetarian Party, kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo ezimeleyo emimandla jikelele.

Imisitho Eyodwa

Amaqela ajolise iqonga lawo lonke kwindawo enye yomgaqo-nkqubo. Imizekelo iquka amaqela emekobume, amaqela achasene nokonakala, namaqela azinikele ekulungiseni irhafu okanye amalungelo emipu. La maqela atsala abavoti abavakalelwa ngemdla ngombandela wabo okhethiweyo kwaye akholelwa ukuba amaqela amakhulu azinikele ngokungenele. Amaqela akwicandelo elinye asoloko ezama ukugcina isiseko sawo sifanelekile xa nje umbandela wawo uthe waxoxwa okanye waphulukana noluntu.

Imisitho engekho ngqiqweni

Amaqela eengcamango zenzululwazi yendalo asekelwe kwintanda-bulumko yezobupolitika ebanzi, njenge-socialism, ubukomanisi, ubukhomanisi, ubugqeba bobunyani, okanye ubukhomo bonqulo. Ngokungafaniyo nawo onke amaqela afumana imiyalezo yawo ukuze atsale umvoti woonondaba, amaqela eengcamango agcina ukungaguquguquki kwemigaqo esekelwe kwimigaqo esesikweni kwanaxa kusenziwa isibheno sonyulo. La maqela asebenza njengelungu eliqeqeshiweyo lemibutho elijongene nentsebenziswano yezobupolitika, etyhalela imidaba yentetho eyamkelekileyo yezobupolitika.

IMithendeleko yoMmandla wengingqi nowamaPhondo

Amaqela engingqi amela izilangazelelo zommandla othile womhlaba kwiphondo elikhulu. Axhasa ukuzilawula okungakumbi, ukwabiwa koovimba, okanye ugcino lwezithethe kummandla wawo. Kwezinye iimeko, amaqela emimandla aguquka abe yimibutho ye-separatist efuna inkululeko epheleleyo. Imizekelo iquka iScottish National Partior eUnited Kingdom, iBloc Québécois eKhanada, kunye namaqela ephondo eIndiya afana neShivena okanye iDravida Munnetra Kazhagam.

Imigcobo Yolawulo Nemibhiyozo Yenkcaso

Umahluko oluncedo ungade wenziwe phakathi kwamaqela alawulayo, ngoku alawula isebe eliphetheyo, kunye namaqela enkcaso, angenawo. Amaqela alawulayo anembopheleleko yokulawula nokujamelana nocelomngeni lokuzalisekisa ucwangciso lwawo loko kulindelwe ngabantu. Amaqela enkcaso ajolise kwimiqathango yemiqathango, ezinye izicelo zenkqubo, kunye nokulungiselela unyulo olulandelayo. Unyango lwedemokhrasi lusoloko luxhomekeke kumgangatho kunye nokufaneleka kwenkcaso.

Indlela Imibandela Yezobupolitika Elulonxada Ngayo Ukhetho Lwethu

Ukuhlaziya Iimbambano Zezobupolitika

Enye yezona ndlela zinamandla amaqela ezobupolitika aphembelela izigqibo zokhetho lwabami kukuyila. Ukufakela kubhekiso kwindlela amaqela azisa ngayo umba wokugxininisa izinto ezithile ngoxa ethatha ezinye. Umzekelo, inkqubo yerhafu ingafakwa njenge "irhafu yeentsapho eziphakathi" okanye "inika izityebi," kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokubhala yeqela. Le miqathango yemo ye-frame inika imbono kawonke wonke kwaye iphembele indlela abacuphi abavavanya ngayo kunye nemigaqo.

Umsebenzi wokuyila udlulela ngaphaya kobuchule bokuthetha ngeli phulo. Imikhosi ichitha imali eninzi kwimicimbi yonxulumano nonxibelelwano, ubuchule bonxibelelwano, kunye novavanyo lwemiyalezo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindlebe zayo zivakala kubantu abajoliswe kubo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphumelelayo kunokuziguqula iingxoxo zezobupolitika kwaye kutshintshwe naziphi na izinto ezijongwa kwindawo yokuqala.

Imfundo yeVoter kunye neSicwangciso soLwazi

Amaqela ezobupolitika asebenza njengabameli bolwazi kubavoti. Bavelisa izikhokelo zabavoti, inkqubo yokushwankathela, kunye nezixhobo zokuthelekisa ezinceda abemi balapho baqonde ukhetho oluphambi kwabo. Ngoxa le nkcazelo igqwethekile ngokwendalo kwizikhundla zombutho, nokokuba inika isiseko sokwenza izigqibo zovoti.

Kwakhona amatheko afundisa abavoti malunga nenkqubo yokuvota, kuquka imiqathango yokubhalisa, iindlela zokuvota, kunye neendawo zokuvota. Le nkxaso yezonyulo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abaxhasi banokuphosa iivoti zabo ngomhla wonyulo.

Iphulo Nempembelelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika anamhlanje asebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokusebenzisa inkxaso-lwazi yezifundo zengqondo, yendlela yokuziphatha, kunye necandelo labaphulaphuli. Abonisa abavoti abanokubhenela, abathunyeleli imiyalezo kwinani elithile labemi, kwaye banike oovimba ukuze bafumane iziphumo ezikhethekileyo. Amaqela akhetha inkqubela ayenzayo ngezibhengezo, imisebenzi yasentsimini, kunye nokubonakala komdla wokuzimela okusingqongileyo abavoti benza izigqibo.

Kwakhona amaphulo asebenzisa iziganeko, iingxoxo, neentlanganiso ukuze kuveliswe ijelo leendaba nemicimbi yezentlalo. Ezi ziganeko zivumela amaqela ukuba alawule imbali yawo, aphendule xa ehlaselwa, abalaselise amandla awo. Izigqibo eziphambili eziphambili ezisemva kwala maphulo zinokuba nempembelelo ephawulekayo kumvoti nokhetho lwamavoti.

Impembelelo yokwabelana ngemithetho

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, amaqela ezobupolitika kufuneka ayenze imibutho ukuze alawule. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwenkqubo elungelelanisiweyo yokuma kwenkqubo ngokufumana ukuba ngawaphi amaqela aphembelela ukuba yiyiphi indawo ye-portfolios nayiphi inkqubo efumana indawo ephambili. Abaxhasi abaxhasa amaqela amancinane banokufumana ukuba impembelelo ethandwayo yeqela labo inyusiwe xa ingena kwisivumelwano, okanye ixutyiswe ukuba iimfuno zayo azihlanganiselwanga.

Imisebenzi yembutho ikwachaphazela ukuziphatha kovoti. Abami bangavota ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, baxhase iqela kungengokuba lukhetho lwabo lokuqala kodwa kuba kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba bangene kumbutho osebenza kakuhle obonakalisa iinjongo zabo. Oku kuqwalasela okucwangcisayo kongeza umaleko wendlela entsonkothileyo yokwenza izigqibo.

Ukutshintsha Imbono Yoluntu Ekuhambeni Kwexesha

Amaqela ezobupolitika awathathi nje kuphela intsabelo kwiimbono zikawonke wonke; ancedisa ngokukhutheleyo ekuyibumbeni.

Lo msebenzi wokwenza uluvo usebenza kakuhle xa amaqela elawula imijelo emininzi yonxibelelwano, kuquka abaxhasi kwizixhobo zokunxibelelana, i-academia, kunye nebutho labemi. Iqela elilungelelanisiweyo lineengcinga zamatanki, amaqela akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhupha inzala-ndaba lisebenza kwikonsathi ukuqinisa imbonakalo yehlabathi leqela nokulungisa indlela eliziphethe ngayo.

Impembelelo Yemibutho Yezobupolitika Kulawulo - melo

Iminikelo Eluncedo

Amaqela ezobupolitika enza igalelo elibalulekileyo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Alungiselela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, evumela abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yezobupolitika ngaphandle kokuvota nje. Kwakhona amatheko enza ukuba kufuduswe ulawulo ngoxolo ngokungenisa ukhuphiswano lwezobupolitika kukhuphiswano lwezinyuko kunokuba kungenelwe ugonyamelo.

Izahlulo zikwakhulisa umelo ngokungaquki izilangazelelo nokunika abavoti ukhetho phakathi kwemiqathango edityanisiweyo. Kwimiqathango esetyenziswa kakuhle, amaqela enza abemi bafumane ityala loorhulumente ngomsebenzi wabo odibeneyo. Ileksi yeqela iba luphawu olunokuvuzwa okanye lohlwaywe kwibhokisi yebhola.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika

Olunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo olunxulumene namaqela ezobupolitika kukuthamba. Ukunyaniseka okuqinileyo kweqela kungakhokelela ekudibaneni kwengqiqo, apho amaqela ahambelana ngokubhekele phaya kwimibandela engundoqo kwaye angabi namdla wokulalanisa. Ukwenziwa kwemithetho kungenza uwiso-mthetho luqheleke kakhulu kwaye lunciphise ukuthemba kukawonke-wonke kumaqumrhu edemokhrasi.

Ukwenziwa kwentengiso kudla ngokubhencwa yi-media media media, i-algorithm yezentlalo, kunye nezixhobo zemali zephulo ezinika umvuzo wokuququzelela isiseko ngaphezu kwesatifiketi esinqamlezileyo. Xa amaqela ehla ngokweengcali, ubunjani bocwangciso lwedemokhrasi, kunye nendawo yokuthotha kwamazwi aphakathi.

Ukwahlula nokulawula

Ulawulo olugqithisileyo lungathob'amandla asebenzayo. Xa ukunyaniseka kweqela kuthatha indawo yokuqala kuneziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo okanye izilangazelelo eziququzelelweyo, amagosa anyuliweyo angabeka ingqeqesho yeqela ngaphezu kolawulo olulungileyo. Le mpembelelo isenokukhokelela kwizigqibo zemigaqo engekho semthethweni, ukuthotywa kolawulo, nokuncipha kokuthemba abantu.

Icandelo lowiso-mthetho likwachaphazela ukusebenza kweekomiti zowiso-mthetho, uqinisekiso, kunye nonxulumano oluphakathi. Kwimekobume entle, kwanemisebenzi karhulumente eqhelekileyo ingaba yeyongxabano, inciphise umsebenzi karhulumente kwaye inciphise ukusabela kwayo kwiimfuno zikawonke-wonke.

Ukunganeliseki nokungakhathali

Xa abavoti beqonda ukuba amaqela ezobupolitika afana kakhulu, amonakele kakhulu, okanye ajoliswe kakhulu kwimilo yangaphakathi yokulawula, basenokuhlulwa kwinkqubo yezopolitiko. Ukungakhathali koorhulumente abalawulwa ngezolawulo-siseko kuyinto exhalabisayo kwimimandla emininzi, idemokhrasi eshicilelweyo iphela kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ukungathobeli kuyingozi ngakumbi phakathi kwabavoti-nxaxheba nabathathi-nxaxheba abavakalelwa ukuba amaqela awamelani nezilangazelelo zabo.

Izabelo ezisilela ukunxibelelana namacandelo amakhulu abantu abasengozini yokuzinzisa inkqubo yedemokhrasi ngokwayo. Xa abemi bethe bajonga ezopolitiko njengomdlalo odlalwa ngamaqela aphezulu ukuze kungenelwe bona, abanakukwazi ukuvota, ukuvota, ukuvotelwa, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kubomi boluntu.

Urhwaphilizo Nenkxalabo Efanelekileyo

Ukusukela igunya lezobupolitika kunokwenza ukuba ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni kube yinto ekhoyo emalungwini. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali yekampeni, ukumiswa kwemibutho, kunye nemfazwe enika umdla zizinto ezizinzileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zamaqela. Ukunganyaniseki kuphelisa ukukholosa kwabantu ngamaqela nakumaziko olawulo-melo.

Izahlulo zinganciphisa ezi ngozi ngemilinganiselo yangaphakathi yokubonisa ngaphaya, imigaqo engqongqo yokuziphatha, kunye nolawulo oluzimeleyo. Noko ke, iingcinezelo zokhuphiswano lwezobupolitika ezikhethiweyo zikwenza kube nzima kumaqela ukuzilungisa ngokunempumelelo ngaphandle kobuchule bokuphendula.

Ukupheliswa Kwezimilo Ezincinane Neembono Ezingezizo

Kwinkqubo ezininzi zokhetho, ingakumbi ezo zinamalungu ahlukeneyo ovota, amaqela amancinane ajongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo yolwakhiwo ukuze abonise. Imithetho yesehlo, iimfuno zemali, kunye nengxelo yezemali yesebe, zonke ezi zinto zithanda ukuxhasa amaqela amakhulu asunguliweyo. Oku kukhetha kungamisela umda ukwahlukahlukana kweembono kwimibutho yemithetho-siseko kwaye kunciphise ukusabela kwenkqubo yezobupolitika ekuveliseni kweembambano.

Utshintsho lwe-Electoral, olufana nomelo lolungelelwaniso okanye ukuvota okucetyiswayo, lunganceda ekucombululeni ezi ntshukumo zihamba phambili. Noko ke, amaqela amakhulu akanazikhuthazo zininzi zokwamkela utshintsho oluza kunciphisa amandla awo, lwenza kube nzima ukufikelela.

Imvelaphi Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Amaqela ezobupolitika aye aguquka ngokuphawulekayo kwimbali yedemokhrasi yale mihla. Amaqela angaphambili ayesoloko ekhululekile kwimibutho yabalawuli eyayinokunyaniseka ngokobuqu okanye ngokweenkqubo zobuzwe kunokuba abe yiqonga leengcamango ezingqinelanayo. Ukuvela kwentsebenziswano kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ingakumbi eYurophu, kwazisa abavoti abasebenzayo kwinkqubo yezopolitiko kwaye kwaseka iziko ezicwangcisiweyo zentlangano.

Inkulungwane yamashumi amabini yabona uphuhliso lwamaqela afumana amaqela, afuna ukubhenela kumacandelo avulekileyo anqumlayo abanyuli kunokuba abe ludidi olumxinwa okanye iziseko zengqondo. La maqela athe athe achitha kakhulu unxibelelwano lobugcisa, uphando, kunye nobugcisa bezentlalo-ntle. Kutshanje, unyuko lwezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwezigalo-manani kunye neewebhusayithi zokunxibelelana luye lwayiguqula indlela amaqela alungelelanisa, anxibelelana ngayo, kunye nokukhuthaza abaxhasi.

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, amatheko ajongene nocelomngeni olutsha oluvela kwimibutho ekhuthaza ukupheliswa kwepropulist, ukulwa nokungangeni kwidemokhrasi ezininzi ezimisiweyo. Indima yamaqela iyaqhubeka iguquka njengobugcisa, i-media, kunye nolindelo lwabemi. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba baphikisa ngelithi amaqela ayancipha, ngoxa abanye bewajonga njengaqhelana neemeko ezintsha.

Imicimbi Yezobupolitika Kwiinkqubo Ezahlukeneyo

Indima kunye nesakhiwo samaqela ezobupolitika zahluka kakhulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokhetho noorhulumente. Kwiinkqubo ezimbini, ezifana ne-United States, amaqela athanda ukuba ngamaqela amakhulu aquka umahluko omkhulu wamaqela angaphakathi. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, njengalawo afumaneka kwiidemokhrasi ezininzi zaseYurophu, amaqela asoloko edityaniswa ngokwengqiqo kwaye ebumba oorhulumente abamanyeneyo.

Iinkqubo zePalamente zidla ngokuvelisa uqeqesho olunamandla kunenkqubo yomongameli, kuba igosa likhutshwe kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yaye lixhomekeke ekulondolozeni ukuthenjwa ngabaninzi. Kwinkqubo yomongameli ngamnye, abamisi-mthetho banokuba nenkululeko engakumbi kukhokelo lweqela labo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimibutho yolwelo oluninzi.

Imithetho esetyenziswayo nayo ibumba ukuziphatha kweqela. Iinkqubo zomelo zikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwamaqela amaninzi, ngelixesha iinkqubo zobuninzi zidla ngokuvelisa ukhuphiswano olunezahluka-sibini. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zolungiselelo kubalulekile ekuhlalutyeni ukuziphatha kweqela nakuwuphi na umongo onikiweyo.

Isiphelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika ahlala engundoqo wolawulo-demokhrasi. Alungiselela ukhuphiswano lwezobupolitika, afuna izinto ezahlukeneyo, avelisa ezinye iindlela zokulawula, aze abeke oorhulumente esweni. Ukuqonda oko kulikho iqela lezobupolitika nendlela elisebenza ngayo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukulawula ulawulo lwezobupolitika aze athabathe inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kubomi bedemokhrasi.

Ngoxa amaqela ejamelene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo, kuquka ukuqhatha, urhwaphilizo, kunye nokuzikhetha, akwanikela indlela elungeleleneyo yokuzibophelela kwezobupolitika. Ingingqi eyiqondayo indima yamaqela ixhotyiswe bhetele ukuvavanya abathathi-nxaxheba, ukutolika iingxoxo zemigaqo, nokukhetha ngolwazi kwibhokisi yokuchonga.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya ngendaleko kunye nempembelelo yamaqela ezobupolitika, oovimba abasuka kwi i-Institution kunye ne[FLT]] Iziko lophando lwePewuthi [ linikela kuhlalutyo olunzulu. I-ACE Exctoral Knetwork [ inika ugcino-lwazi oluthelekisayo kwiinkqubo zeqela emhlabeni wonke. Njengoko iimeko zezobupolitika ziqhubeka ziguquka, ufundisiso lweqela lezobupolitika zihlala zifanelekile ngokuqonda indlela afumaneka ngayo amandla, asetyenziswa ngayo, asetyenziswayo, kwaye akhuphiswa ngayo kwintlalo ye-demokhrasi.