Ukususela oko i-United Kingdom ngokusesikweni yashiya iEuropean Union ngomhla wama-31 kuJanuwari 2020, i-Ireland kwafuneka iphinde icinge ngolwalamano lwayo lorhwebo nommelwane wayo okufuphi. I-UK ngokwembali ibiliqabane elinye elikhulu le-Ireland, ityala malunga nesithathu sayo yonke i-Ireland ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nesabelo esibalulekileyo sokurhweba. Lo mda omtsha, uhlola, kunye nokungqubana kwemithetho elawulayo ye-Irish kunye nommelwane wayo, iinkokeli zeshishini, kwaye inika abaphathi bamatyathanga ukuba bamkele isakhiwo esine qekelele kakhulu, kwaye ngokufuthi kubuhlungu ukunqumla urhwebo olungenayo. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela iBrexitton ephinda ngayo urhwebo lwase-Irish nge-UK, ubuchule obuhlala ixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Dublin kunye ne-Bristes, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemeko yexesha elizayo.

Ulwalamano Lorhwebo Lwangaphambi Kwe - PresaverBrexit

Phambi kokuba i-UK ivote ukushiya iEU ngo-2016, urhwebo phakathi kwe-EU kunye ne-UK lusebenza phantsi komthungo we-European Single Market kunye ne-Cromest Union. Ii-farks, iinkonzo, kunye nekomkhulu zahamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphesheya koLwandle lwe-Ireland kungekho zindululo, akukho zindululo, kwaye akukho luxanduva oluncinane lokulawula. I-Ireland ithumela malunga ne-R366 lamawaka ezigidi zempahla kwi-UK nyaka ngamnye, ukusuka kwimveliso ye-agriply dioksi (inyama, umsi, ukutya okulungiselwe) ukuya kumayeza kunye noomatshini. I-UK, ngokunjalo, i-UK, ibonelela ubuninzi bempahla, izikhuphiso, kunye nemveliso. Ukuditya okuditya okuditya okuditya kwi-Uni ekwakufutshane kwe-UnichPlainethi, kunye ne-U.

Iziphendu Neengxaki Ezikhawulezileyo

Xa i-UK yashiya iMakethe yodwa neMibutho ye-EU ekupheleni kowama-2020, ulwalamano olutsha lorhwebo (oluye lwaveliswa yi-EUÍd and Cooperation Treade) lwadala ungquzulwano olubalulekileyo ngesiquphe. Nangona i-TCA yawakhupha amaza kwiimpahla ezininzi (ayekwanemithetho yemvelaphi), ayizange ishenxise izindululo zamasiko, ucoceko kunye ne-pytosantary, okanye imfuneko yokuthobela imikhosi emibini eyahlukeneyo.

Phendla Icandelo Logcino-lwazi

Iinkampani zase-Ireland ezavelisa amalungu okhuseleko okanye izinto ezingalungiswanga ezivela kwi-UK zakhawuleza zajamelana nolibaziseko kumazibuko enqanawa njengeziphathi-mikhosi kumacala omabini oLwandle lwe-Irish zabambana neenkqubo ezintsha. Abanye abavelisi banikela ingxelo yokuba iinqanawa ezazifudula zithatha usuku olunye zifuneka iveki. Ezi zibambezelo zanyanzelisa iifemu ezininzi ukuba zigcine amaqoqo amakhulu, ukwandisa iindleko zemfazwe nokubophelela ikomkhulu lenqanawa. Imodeli yexesha eyayisebenza kakuhle kumacandelo afana nentengiso kunye nezolimo zaphelelwa yindawo. UK waphawula ukuba abavelisi bezinto zokutya okuncinane, ngokukodwa, bazama ukuqhuba umthwalo wokubonisa imvelaphi kunye nemithetho yokurhweba.

Iindleko Ezandisiweyo Zorhwebo Lomnqamlezo

I-2022 uhlolisiso lwe-Irish Transporters Association lwafumanisa ukuba ama-70% eefektha zokurhweba ngaphandle athelekisa iindleko zolawulo eziphezulu ukususela kwi-Brexit, kunye nokubona unyuko lwe-20% kuthutho. La maxabiso ayebuhlungu kakhulu kwi-SMEs, eyayingenaso isikali sokuwafunxa. Ekuphenduleni, iinkampani ezininzi zase-Ireland zanciphisa ukuthembela kwabo kubathengisi ze zaza zaqalisa ukufuna iindlela zokusebenzisa i-UK eU, i-Asia, okanye ngqo ngaphakathi e-Ireland.

Icebo lokucoca ulwelo

Ngaphandle kwamasiko, i-UK yaqalisa ukuvelisa indlela yayo yokulawula kwimimandla enjengendawo yokhuseleko lokutya, ukubhaliswa kwemichiza (UK GEACH), kunye nemilinganiselo yemveliso. Abarhwebi base-Ireland abathengisa kwi-EU kunye ne-UK imakethe ngoku kwafuneka bahambisane neesethi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, baqhubekele uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo, kwaye bagcine imigca ehambelanayo yemveliso. Kummandla wezonyango, apho i-Ireland iyindawo yomhlaba wonke. . le nunigrgencecece yadala iinkqubo ezibiza imali eninzi ezingama-ieapprobro amayeza kunye nezixhobo zezamayeza ezilungiselelwe i-UK.

Iimpendulo ezicwangcisiweyo zabenzi benkqubo neMashishini ase-Ireland

Ichaza ukuba ulwalamano lwakudala lorhwebo lwaluguqukile ngokungenakulungiseka, i-Ireland yasebenzisa iqhinga eliziintlobo-ntlobo lokunciphisa umonakalo nokwakha ubuchule. Le migudu ibandakanya amaqumrhu karhulumente (Entemplare Ireland, I-ISTA Ireland, Bord Bia), i-European Union, kunye necandelo labucala elisebenza kwi-tanime.

Ukwahlula Iindawo Zorhwebo Lwangaphandle

Olunye utshintsho olubalulekileyo luye lwaba lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumazwe e-UK. lwathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nge-Irish ukusuka kwi-UK ukuya kwi-RSDRLERD ngonyaka wama-202020 ukuya kwi-CR20 bhiliyoni yewaka lezigidi ezingama-2023 (i-15% ihla ngokwegama le-odola (i-15% i-Anvolution yemali ekhoyo), nangona ityala lokunyuka kwemali ngenxa yomgama). Kwangaxesha linye, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-EU kusuka kwamanye amazwe e-EU ukuya kwamanye amazwe nge-12% ngexesha elinye, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US, i-China, kunye nezinye iimarikethengiso ze-Asia kwanda kakhulu. I-Uprise yase-Unixlland yanda kakhulu phakathi kwe-2020% kunye ne-20.

Unyuselo lwezakhiwo ezikwizibuko nakwiiNtloko

Ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo omtsha wendlela yokusebenza, urhulumente wase-Ireland wafaka imali eninzi kwizakhiwo zezibuko kunye namaqonga amanani. I-Dublin, iPort, ephatha uninzi lorhwebo ne-UK, ingenisa iindlela ezintsha zovavanyo, yandisa iimitha zayo, yaza yathumela inkqubo yamanani e-preprepregreplacance (ii-“Custoral”). IPort of Roslare, ngoku esebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili somqulu ngqangqamene/umqulu we-166off uqhagamshelwano nelizwekazi elisebenzisa ii-fermetriary ezithe ngqo eFransi nase Belgium, yabona ulwando lwe-40% kwimiqulu yemithwalo yempahla phakathi ko 2020 no-2024. Urhulumente waphinda wafaka kwi-grigriquein, ukuxhasa i-agrigrane, ukuqinisekisa oko kunokuthi kurhoxa okucola kwe-operalcracki, ngaphandle kokulibazisa izithethe.

Uhlengahlengiso lwemithetho kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo

I-Ireland yasebenza ngokusondeleyo neKhomishini yaseYurophu ukunxibelelana ne-EUPA PAUK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, eyagcina urhwebo lweziko ezininzi. Ngaphezu koko, i-Ireland yalandela imigudu yokukhuthaza i-biversitel ngenethwekhi kunye nee-ofisi zorhwebo. Urhulumente wasungula “iBriexit Readieting Grant". Isicwangciso se-SMEs, ithembisa kwiinkampani ezifumana ii-10 000 ukuqesha abameli bezorhwebo, abaqeqeshi, okanye izisombululo ze-IS. Abaququququzeleli be-RCUPUP bakwaneibo bafaka inkqubo yokuxhasa inkxaso ebanzi yokunceda izindululo, inciphisa ixesha elifunekayo lokulawula iinkqubo ezintsha.

Urhwebo oluzenzekelayo

Iifeme ezininzi zase-Ireland zifake izixhobo zamanani zokulawula iinkqubo zamasiko, ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthobela. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-software yokubhengeza izithethe ezizenzekelayo, ukuvalela ii-blockshin kunye nohlomelo lomngcipheko lwe-AIN. Inkqubo ye-Interprise “Digital Trade". inike i-coprojectives kwimisebenzi yokuguqula amanani, inceda iinkampani zidibanise izibonelelo zazo zogcino-mali (ERP) kunye neenkqubo zemigangatho yemiqathango. Oku kuqikelelo akukhange kunciphise nje kuphela umthwalo ohambisana nobunzima we-UKNDEIrlands kodwa kwabangela ukuba iinkampani ze-Irish zikhuphisane ngakumbi kwintengiso yomhlaba.

Impembelelo yamahlelo: Abaphumeleleyo Nabangaphumeleliyo

Iziphumo zeBreits kumacebo orhwebo lwase-Ireland azilungelelani ngamaqela. Amanye amaziko aye abona ukuhla okukhulu kurhwebo olugubungeleyo lwe-UK., ngoxa amanye eye aqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza okanye afumana amathuba amatsha.

Ukutya OkuseAgriש: Oyena Mxube Ubhencwayo

Icandelo le-Ireland lokutya okunee-agriǎ, elithumela inxalenye enkulu yenyama yenkomo, yobisi, kunye nokutya okulungiselelwe kwi-UK, kwabethwa kakhulu. Imiqobo engaveli-mthetho (ngokodwa i-procytaisary) kunye ne-phytosaritary (SPS) ihlola iintsuku ezifakelweyo zokulibaziseka kunye nexabiso elibalulekileyo. Ukuthunyelwa kwenyama yenkomo yase-Irish kwi-UK ewe nge 25% phakathi kwe-2019 ne-2023, ngoxa ubisi luthengwe nge-UKrasi ehla ngo18%. Kodwa, icandelo liye lasabela ngokuyandisa iimarikethe ezithengiselwayo eziphezulu ze-Illieland kunye ne-bhotolo ezihlala zinamandla) kwaye ngokongeza ixabiso lemveliso ye-okhemichi ye-okhemicria. Iinkampani ze-odwood fam ezithe kwi-UKrasi ekhuselwe umgaqo-ediyo, umgaqo obizwa ngokuba ngumzekelo we-Gronaba i-Klane.

Imithi Nenzululwazi Ngobomi

I-Ireland yinkokeli yehlabathi ekuveliseni amayeza kunye nezixhobo zamayeza, kunye nezisithoba zeenkampani eziphezulu ze-pharma ezisebenza apho. I-UK yimakethe enkulu, kwaye icandelo lijongene neengxaki zobundlobongela emva kweBretit. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweenqanawa ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-Ireland zithunyelwa kwi-URLAND (umz., ukusuka kumzi - mveliso wase-Ireland ukuya kumbindi we-UK osebenza ngowomhlaba omnye), iinkampani zakwazi ukunikezela ngemixokelelwane encinane nge-Roceni encinane. Iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zagcinwa “ibhafulethi” kwaye zifakwe kwi-unicerma. Impembelelo kwi-pharma ethunyelwayo kwiUK iye yathoba, ngokuthoza okuncinane, ngokuhla kwemali emalunga ne-4% ka-20%, kodwa zongeniswa iindlekothothothotho lweendle.

Iinkonzo nokunyuka kwemali

Urhwebo lweenkonzo phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-UK lungqineke lunamandla kunentengiso, ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yokuba i-TCA ayigubungelanga iinkonzo ngokweenkcukacha. Imali, umthetho, kunye neefemu zokubuza zigcine amakhonkco aqinileyo neLondon, nangona umsebenzi othile washenxiswa ukusuka kwisiXeko ukuya eDublin kunye neminye imibutho ye-EU. I-Perglah Brhit, inani leefemu zemali ezimiqathango ye-UKōreretho elawulayo ekwandiseni ubukho eDublin, njengoko zazifuna i-EU esekelwe kwisiseko seenkonzo ze-pasi somfolokhwe kwi-Estry. Oku kuye kwanyusa iinkonzo zemali zase-Ireland, kodwa kwakhona kwathetha ukuba iifemente zase-Ireland ezi-Irish .Intelietingssss zenza umbutho wemisebenzi ye-UKōreast.

Izinto Ezinento Eninzi Nezorhwebo

Icandelo lothengisela lafumana ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Umzekelo, iMidlalo yoMphathi kunye neevenkile zoncedo ezavelisa indima ebalulekileyo yemveliso yabo evela kwi-UK yajongana neeshelufu ezingenanto ekuqaleni ko-2021 njengoko kunikezelo lwetsheyina. Abathengisi abaninzi bakhawuleza batshintshela kubathengisi be-EU okanye baphuhlise ezinye iindlela zasekhaya. Umzekelo, iMusgrave Group (umnini weSuperValu kunye neCentra) bafaka i-translate internet yayo enomscription, behlisa imigca yayo eqinileyo ukusuka kuma-UKPASING ukuya ku-15% angaphantsi kweminyaka emibini. Ngexesha eli-15%.

Indima Ye - EU Nezivumelwano Zorhwebo Ezitsha

Iqhinga lorhwebo lwase-Ireland emva ko-1968 Brhit liye layilwa kakhulu ngamalungu alo aqhubekayo. I-EU ithethe izivumelwano ezintsha zorhwebo namaqabane afana neKhanada (CETA), iJapan (i-EPA), kunye ne-Mercosur (ngokusebenzisa), zonke ezinika ezinye iintengiso ii-Irish kwintengiso. I-Global Gateway ehambayo kunye neenguqu zayo ezintsha zikwaxhasa abarhwebi bee-irland. Ngaphezu koko, i-Europe Commission inike ukhokelo kunye nenkxaso kumashishini ase-Ireland ukuqhuba iingxelo ze-UK.

Kwangaxeshanye, i-Ireland iphumele ulawulo lwayo lorhwebo lweziko lorhwebo. Urhulumente wase-Ireland uye wasayina incwadi yezakhono zokuqonda iOstreliya, iNew Zealand, kunye namazwe aliqela ase-Asia ukunyusa urhwebo notyalo-mali. Le zivumelwano, nangona zingezolingene i-EUGRAPGE, zinceda iinkampani zase-Ireland zinciphise ukuxhomekeka kwazo okugqithisileyo kwintengiso ye-UK.

Imithetho Yomthetho Yasemntla Ireland Nentsonkothileyo Yayo

Akukho ngxoxo epheleleyo yendlela zorhwebo zase-Ireland ngaphandle kokuthetha i-Erland yaseMntla Ireland i-Protocol (ngoku i-Windsor Framework). Eli lungiselelo ligcina i-Northern Ireland ilungele ukuvumelana namasiko e-EU kunye nemithetho yentengiso enye yempahla, ithetha ukuba urhwebo phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-Northern Ireland luhlala lungenantlukwano. Noko ke, urhwebo phakathi kwe-Urland ne Great Britain lujongene-EUl epheleleyo ulawulo lwe-EU. Oku kuye kwaba nesiphumo esididabayo: ngelixa yenze umda wesiqithi sase-Ireland “ongabonakali,” ibangele umda wezinto ezingekho mthethweni kulwandle lwase-Ireland. Intengiso ne-Northern Ireland iyaqhubeka ukuzonwabelana, kodwa ezorhwebo ne-Scotland, i-Ullessland, okanye i-odreslands. I-Fraendor (ediedied 20-20) kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-irland, i-ernometerterterterterternayir i-

Ikamva: Ukuzinzisa Nokuzivumelanisa Nezinto

Njengokuba iUK ne EU ziqhubeka zilungelelanisa ulwalamano lwazo olutsha, iindlela zorhwebo lwase-Ireland ziza kufuneka zihlale zinamandla. Izicwangciso ezininzi ezingundoqo ziza kubumba iminyaka ezayo:

  • Ubuninzi obuphinda-phindeneyo: Abahambisi borhwebo base-Ireland bazakuqhubekeka befuna iimarike e-Asia, eMbindi Mpuma, kunye ne-Afrika, beqhutywa ngemfuneko nangethuba. I- yeTrade kunye neMicimbi ye-Intelligence IMithetho 20232328 ijolise kumaxhoba olwando oluyi 25% kurhwebo olungeyo-2002.
  • Ukudibanisa iEU: I-Ireland kulindeleke ukuba iqinise indima yayo njengendlela yokuyirhweba nge-translantic, ixhathisa amalungu ayo e-EU ukutsala utyalo-mali oluvela e-US nase-Asia olukhangeleka ukuncedisa kurhwebo olunye.
  • Utshintsho lweDigital noluluhlaza: lukwimigangatho yamanani, i-e hicocrent, kunye nee-implication ezizinzileyo ziya kunceda iifeme zase-Ireland zinciphise iindleko kunye nokuphuma kweenyawo zekharbon ngexesha elinye. Ikharbon Country Destructed Mechanism (CAM) nayo izakuphembelela urhwebo, kwaye i-Ireland izenza inkokeli kwinqanawa ezithumela ngaphandle kwamanzi.
  • [[NTL:0] Inguqu yabaphathi-majoni be-UKÍEU yomgaqo-nkqubo womculo: Ukuba i-UK kunye ne-EU zitshintshela kulungelelwaniso oluphezulu kwimigangatho (njengoko kuxoxwe ngayo kwikhusi lokutya nakumichiza), ezinye zokhuphiswano lorhwebo zinokuphucuka. Noko ke, ukungaqiniseki kwezobupolitika kwenza oku kungaqiniseki.
  • Inkxaso yenkqubo eqhubekayo: I-Interprise Ireland, Bord Bia, kunye ne-IDA ziza kuqhubeka zinika inkxaso yemali neyokukhuthaza ukunceda iinkampani zilawule imingeni enxulumene ne Brexit[1] kwaye zithabathe amathuba amatsha.

Isiphelo

I-Breits ngokusisiseko ilungise iindlela zokuthengisa ze-Irish ne-UK, inyanzelisa utshintsho olusuka kwisixhobo sokulwa, ulwalamano oludibeneyo noluphawulwe yimithwalo yolawulo, amaxabiso aphezulu, kunye nokunyuka kolawulo. I-Ireland iphendule ngokutshintsha iinjongo zayo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iphucula izakhiwo zayo zokongeza, kwaye iphinda itshintshe iinkcitho zayo zenkqubo ye-CRC, kwaye iphinda itshintshe izixhobo zayo zenkqubo. Nangona ukutshintsha kwenkqubo ye-20202020202021 kudlule, iinguqu zesakhiwo ezinde zisaqhubeka. Ulungiso oluboniswa ngamashishini ase-Ireland (*) amaninzi athe athe atshintsha amatyathanga amaqela awo okunikezela nokufumana iimarikethis ezintsha apho iinko ezingavunyelwanga kulula, nangona kubuhlungu, kuthe nako oluninzi lwezoqoqosho oluphilileyo. Ngenkqubo eqhubekayo, lo inguqulelo zezorhwebo olukhoyo ngexesha lotshintsho olukhoyo luxhaswayo nge-UK, apho kungenayo kuthengiso olukhoyo lungavusele.