IRhuluneli ezininzi eUnited States zijongene nezokwenza izigqibo ezichaphazela izigidi zabantu abahlala ebhangini, ukusuka kwizabelo zoqingqo-mali kunye nokusabela koluntu kwimiqathango yemfundo kunye nokutyalwa kwezixhobo. Kwixesha locelomngeni oluntsonkothileyo, abalawuli abaninzi bephondo baye baphethulela kugcino-lwazi kunye nooorhulumente ukukhokela izigqibo zabo. Kunokuba bathembele kuphela kwinkcubeko yezopolitiko okanye kubungqina obusekwendalo, abalawuli bale mihla basebenzisa uhlalutyo olungqongqo logcino-lwazi ukuchonga iingxaki, ukuvavanya izicombululo, kunye neziphumo zomlinganiselo. Olu tshintsho oluya kulwazi-data-dvectiventine luye lwakhokelela kwizigqibo ezisebenzayo, ukuphendula okungakumbi, ukuthembeka, nokuthembana okuphambili.

Eli nqaku lihlola indlela abalawuli abasebenzisa ngayo ugcino-lwazi kunye nabachazi bolwazi ukwazisa izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuhlolisisa iintlobo zogcino-lwazi abaxhomekeke kuzo, iindlela abazisebenzisayo, kunye nempembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi yezi ndlela. Likwathetha ngocelomngeni kunye namathuba azayo ngogcino-lwazi kwaye likhangele kwixa elizayo lolawulo olusekelwe kubungqina.

Ukunyuka koLawulo logcino-lwazi

Ingcamango yokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi kwinkqubo kawonke-wonke asiyiyo intsha ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isikali, isantya, kunye nobuntlola bogcino-lwazi buye banda ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngokwesithethe, abalawuli benza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwicebiso lobuchule, uluvo lukawonke-wonke, izibalo zezobupolitika, kunye nemizekelo yembali. Ngelixesha ezi meko zisebalulekile, ulwazi lwezichazi-alytics ngoku lunika isiseko esithe chatha ngoku ekuhloleni iinketho kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili iziphumo.

Urhulumente uye wafakela izibonelelo zogcino-lwazi, kuquka iindawo zogcino-lwazi ezisembindini, amaqonga obuchule boshishino, namaqela ajongene nezobuntlola. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lweBhunga leSizwe leeNkcukacha (NASCIO), phantse onke amaphondo aye asungula inkqubo ethile yogcino-lwazi ukuxhasa inkqubo kunye nezigqibo ezisebenzayo. Iirhuluneli ezininzi ziye zayila iiofisi zogcino-lwazi ezinikezelweyo okanye zamisela amagosa ogcino-lwazi ayintloko ukuvelela le migudu.

Umqhubi ongundoqo wale ntsingiselo kukufumaneka kogcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene olusuka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iingxelo zogcino-lwazi lukarhulumente, izimvo, intelekelelo yesatellite, kunye ne-media yentlalo. Inkqubela kumandla ekhomputha kunye nogcino lwenze ukuba kukwazi ukuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi olukhulu ngokukhawuleza nangendleko. Ngokwesiphumo, abalawuli bangafikelela kulwazi olufikela kwixesha elifanelekileyo kwiziphumo zezoqoqosho, ukuqhambuka kwezifo, iipateni zezithuthi, kunye nezinye.

Iintlobo zogcino-lwazi ezisetyenziswa yiGavera

Irhuluneli zixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezininzi zogcino-lwazi ukuchaza izigqibo zazo. Ugcino-lwazi olufunekayo luxhomekeke kummandla wenkqubo, kodwa ezinye iindidi zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla emininzi yolawulo.

Ugcino-lwazi lomzobo

Ugcino-lwazi loluntu luquka ubungakanani babemi, ukusasazeka kobudala, ukwenziwa kwemivuzo yobuhlanga, imigangatho yengeniso, ukufikelela imfundo, kunye nolwabelo lweendawo. Le nkcazelo ibalulekile ekuqondeni iimfuno zabantu abahlukeneyo kunye nobuncwane obudibeneyo ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, irhuluneli eqwalasela inyathelo elitsha lokujonga impilo ingasebenzisa ulwazi lwamanani abantu ukufanisa imimandla ezeleyo yabalupheleyo okanye abafumana imali ephantsi abahlala kuyo abafuna iinkonzo zokukhokelwa.

Amaziko karhulumente asoloko eqokelela inkcazelo yamanani abantu kwiCensus Bureau, uphando lomgangatho wengingqi, kunye neengxelo zolawulo. IAmerican Community Survey (ACS) ngumthombo oyintloko woninzi lwaba basebenzi, enika uqikelelo lwaminyaka le kumaphondo nakwimimandla. Kwakhona iGalumela usebenzise iziphumo zamanani abantu ukuceba iimfuno zexesha elizayo, ezifana nobuchule besikolo okanye izibonelelo zezothutho.

Ugcino-lwazi lwezoqoqosho

I-data yezoqoqosho iquka intlawulo yemisebenzi, imivuzo, ukwanda kweshishini, ukwenziwa kweshishini, ingeniso karhulumente, kunye nemveliso yasekhaya enzulu (GDP). IRhuluneli zisebenzisa le nkcazelo ukuvavanya impilo yezoqoqosho yorhulumente wabo nokuyila iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukudalwa komsebenzi nokuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, irhuluneli ingahlolisisa izibhengezo zokungaqeshwa nokuvalwa komsebenzi ukugqiba indawo ekujongwa kuyo iinkqubo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi okanye iimali eziboletwayo zeshishini elincinane.

Amasebe omsebenzi karhulumente kunye namasebe ophuhliso lwezoqoqosho avelisa uninzi lwalo nkcazelo. Ngaphezu koko, imithombo yesebe enjenge-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) kunye neBureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) ibonelela ngokulinganayo, ngokulinganayo. Amazwe amaninzi akwavelise iibhodi ezibonisa izilumkiso zezoqoqosho ngexesha lokwenene, zivumela abalawuli nabasebenzi bawo ukuba bajonge iziphumo zokoqobo

Ugcino-lwazi lwempilo

Inkcazelo yempilo iquka ukuxhaphaka kwezifo, ukukwazi ukugonywa kwezibhedlele, ukufumaneka kwempilo, ukufa kwabantwana, kunye neemeko ezinganyangekiyo. Isifo se-COVID-19 sabonisa indlela eyiyo imfuno yokwenene yempilo kwiirhuluneli. Amazwe amaninzi enza iibhodi zempilo kawonke-wonke ezithe zanda, ukuhlaliswa kwezibhedlele, nokufa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kungenelele ngakumbi.

Ngaphandle kwezifo ezibulalayo, abalawuli basebenzisa ulwazi lwezempilo ukucombulula iingxaki zempilo ezifana ne-opioid, impilo yomama kunye neenkonzo zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo, inkcazelo yokubulawa kwabantu neendlela zonyango ezigqithisileyo inokukunceda ubone abantu abafuna imigudu yokuthintela. Ngokufanayo, inkcazelo engomlinganiselo wokufunda esibhedlele iyakwazi ukuveza iingxaki ezilandelayo.

Ugcino-lwazi lwemfundo

Imfundo iquka umsebenzi wabafundi, amanani abo baphumeleleyo, ukufundisa, ukufikelela imali nemozulu yesikolo.

Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku asebenzisa iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezinde ukulandelela abafundi abasekholejini ukuya ekholejini. Le nkcazelo inceda abalawuli baqonde amakhefu okuphumelela, bahlole ubuchule beenkqubo zemfundo, baze benze izigqibo ngemilinganiselo yoqeqesho noqeqesho lokufundisa.

Ulawulo nogcino-lwazi lokusingqongileyo

Kwakhona irhuluneli zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olunxulumene nezithuthi, izinto eziluncedo, izindlu, kunye nemekobume. Umzekelo, izimvo zezitrato kunye nogcino-lwazi lwe-GPS zinceda amaqumrhu ezothutho acwangcise indlela kwaye alawule ukuxinana komgangatho wesithuthi. Ugcino-lwazi lwemeko-bume yomoya nomgangatho wamanzi luchaza imiqathango kunye nohlahlo-mali olucocekileyo. Ugcino-lwazi lwendlu, olufana nexabiso lokuqesha indawo yokuhlala kunye namaxabiso ekhaya, lunceda abalawuli ukuba bafumane imali kunye nokungabi namakhaya.

Indlela Ugcino - lwazi Oluzichaphazela Ngayo Izigqibo Zenkqubo

Abachazi bogcino-lwazi bavumela abalawuli ukuba batshintshe ukusuka kwimithetho yokwenza izinto. Ngokuhlalutya intsingiselo yembali kunye neemeko zangoku, bangabona iingxaki ezivelayo ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele kwiqondo lobunzima. Bangakwakwazi ukufuzisela iimpembelelo ezinokwenzeka zokhetho lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, bakhethe ezo zinika iziphumo ezingcono kwimiba yabo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho

Ugcino-lwazi lwezoqoqosho lunendima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni koqingqo-mali nomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu. Ngokomzekelo, irhuluneli ingasebenzisa iingxelo zengeniso ukugqiba enoba iza kucebisa ukuba irhafu ikhululwe okanye yandiswe kwiinkqubo zoluntu. Ugcino-lwazi oluphathelele umsebenzi nophuhliso loshishino lungakhokela kwizigqibo eziphathelele intsebenziswano nenkqubela-phambili yomsebenzi.

Amanye amaphondo aye amkela "uqingqo-mali olusekelwe kubungqina" ukufikelela okufuna abameli ukubonisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ngohlalutyo logcino-lwazi. Oku kunceda abalawuli bahlulele oovimba abalinganiselweyo kwiinkqubo ezivelisa iziphumo ezinokubonelelwa. Umzekelo, iziphumo zeLizwe laseWashington iWashington zisebenzisa inyathelo lokwenza uhlahlo logcino-lwazi ukuqwalasela inkqubela ephambili kwizinto eziphambili njengemfundo, impilo, kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.

Impilo Kawonke - wonke Nokhuseleko

Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, abalawuli basebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo emininzi ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokutshixwa, ukugunyaziswa kwamasigqubuthelo, kunye nokusasazwa kwemichiza yokugonya. Isantya sohlalutyo logcino-lwazi sabenza balungisa imigaqo-nkqubo ngokukhawuleza njengokuba imeko iguquka. Ngaphandle kobhubhani, ugcino-lwazi lwezempilo lunceda abalawuli bajolise ixhoba lokuxhasa inkxaso-mali kwiindawo ezineemfuno ezinkulu, ezifana nobalo lwasemaphandleni olungenandlela ilinganiselweyo kwimpilo.

Ugcino-lwazi lokhuseleko lukawonke wonke, kuquka inkcazo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokufuna uncedo, imiyalelo enxulumene nemithetho yamapolisa, utshintsho lomthetho, kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku asebenzisa ii-alytics ukuchaza iindawo ezisengozini enkulu yolwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo, avumela ukunyanzeliswa komthetho ukuba kusetyenziswe ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwamapolisa athe achaza kwangaphambili kuye kwaphakamisa inkxalabo ngekhethe nenkululeko yasekuhlaleni, ezo irhuluneli kufuneka zicinge xa zithatha izixhobo ezinjalo.

Utshintsho Kwimfundo

Iinkqubo zemfundo yogcino-lwazi ezisekelwe kwinkxaso-mali esekelwe kwizikolo, iinkqubo zokulumkisa zokuqala ukuphawula abafundi abasengozini yokuyeka, kunye nongenelelo olujoliswe kwimimandla etsala nzima. Umzekelo, iOhio isebenzisa inkqubo yokuqala yokulumkisa ehlalutya ubukho, ukuziphatha, kunye nendlela yokusebenza yemfundo kubafundi abafuna inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo. Oku kuvumela izikolo ukuba zingenelele ngaphambi kokuba abafundi bawe kude.

Kwakhona iiRhuluneli zisebenzisa ulwazi lwemfundo ukuxhasa utshintsho olungokwenkqubo, njengokwanda kwemali yemfundo yabantwana babantwana okanye ukwandisa iinkqubo zobugcisa zomsebenzi. Ngokunika inkcazelo ngeziphumo zemali yokuphumelela nokusebenza, zinokuxhasa uluntu ngeenjongo zazo.

Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo kunye namandla

Ugcino-lwazi oluphathelele ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu, isizukulwana esivuselelwayo segesi, neziganeko zemozulu ezimaxongo zinceda abalawuli baphuhlisa inkqubela kwiKhalifoniya yeZibonelelo zemo yezulu ukuze bafumane inkcazelo efuna ukuthotywa kwegesi.

Ugcino-lwazi lwamandla, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegridi, lwazisa izigqibo malunga nezikhuthazo ezinokuhlaziywa zamandla kunye nezibonelelo zezibonelelo. Abanye abalawuli baye bamisela iinjongo ezinamandla anokuhlaziywa ngokusekelwe kwintelekelelo yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokudalwa komsebenzi kumacandelo acocekileyo anamandla.

Ufundo lwetyala: Ugcino-lwazi luyasebenza

Imizekelo emininzi yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa indlela abalawuli abaye balusebenzisa ngokunempumelelo ngayo ugcino-lwazi oluchaphazelekayo ukuxelela izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo.

Isiphumo

Kwiinyanga zokuqala zale ngxaki, iRhuluneli yaseNew York uAndrew Cuomo yabamba uphando lwemiboniso yokucofa imihla ngemihla eyayibonisa ugcino-lwazi olunzulu. Ibhodi yoqhawulo-lwazi ye-COVID-19 yaquka isantya sokufakwa kwesibhedlele, ukuvavanywa kwemijelo, kunye noqikelelo lwengingqi. Le nkcazelo yakhokela malunga nokuvulwa kwakhona kwamanqanaba kunye nentlawulo. Ngokwengxelo yeRockefeller Institute of Government, indlela yokujonga ugcino-data yogcino-lwazi yanceda iNew York idityatha kwaye ilawule umgangatho wesibhedlele.

Ingxaki Yeopioid EOhio

IOhio iphenjelelwe kakhulu ngubhubhani wobhubhani weOpioid. IRhuluneli Mike Dewine yakhupha i "Ohio Opioid Data Deshboard" ngo-2018, edibanisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwimithombo emininzi, kuquka utyelelo lwegumbi longxamiseko, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu, kunye nokubekwa kwemiqathango. Udwi webhodi uvumela urhulumente namagosa asekuhlaleni ukuba aqonde amachaphaza ashushu kunye nemigudu yokuthintela amaxhoba. Inyathelo eliye lanconywa ngokunceda ukunciphisa ukutshonisa ukufa okugqithisileyo kwezinye iindawo.

Utshintsho Kwimfundo ETennessee

IRhuluneli yaseTennessee uBill Haslam wasebenzisa inyathelo eli "Indawo elungele ukuqulunqwa ukuya kuma-55", enenjongo yokwandisa ipesenti yabemi abakwi-paschsecondary project ukuya kuma-55% ngo-2025. Urhulumente usebenzise ugcino-lwazi kwimfundo yobhaliso lwasekholeji, amaqondo okugqitywa, kunye nemisebenzi kufuneka ayile iinkqubo ezifana neTennessee Project, ezinika ukhuthuzo lwezemfundo lwamahlali. Uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi lwabonisa ukuba imiqobo yemali ingumqobo ongundoqo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkqubo yemfundo. Ukususela ekundululweni kwayo, amanani ekholeji anyuka kakhulu.

Ucelomngeni kuLawulo logcino-lwazi

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo, ulawulo logcino-lwazi lujongene nocelomngeni oluninzi. IRhuluneli nabasebenzi babo kufuneka bazi le miba ukusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ngendlela efanelekileyo nephumelelayo.

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

Ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi lobuqu, njengeengxelo zempilo okanye ukusebenza kwesikolo, kuphakamisa inkxalabo yobuqu. Ama-United States kufuneka athobele imithetho enjenge-HIPAA (I-Inishorensi Ephathekayo ne-Accounting Act) kunye neFERPA (Amalungelo Emfundo Yasekhaya Nawabumfihlo). Ngaphezu koko, ukuphulwa kogcino-lwazi kunokubhenca inkcazelo echukumis ’ amehlo, ukuphelisa ukuthemba kukawonke wonke. Ijajingathanga kufuneka ivelise imigaqo ecacileyo yokuqokelela ulwazi, ukwabelana, kunye nokuzibophelela.

Ubulunga bogcino-lwazi kunye nocoselelo

Ugcino-lwazi luluncedo kuphela ukuba luchanekile kwaye luthembekile. Ugcino-lwazi olungaphelelanga okanye oluphelelwe lixesha lungakhokelela kwizigqibo eziphosakeleyo. Umzekelo, ngexesha lobhubhani, amanye amaphondo alwa nolibaziseko kugcino-lwazi lokuvavanya, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufumanisa ukunwenwa kokwenyaniso kwentsholongwane. Ukudibana kogcino-lwazi kunamasebe amaninzi kunokuba lunzima, njengokuba amasebe ahlukeneyo esenokusebenzisa iinkqubo okanye iinkcazelo ezingangqinelaniyo.

Ulungelelwano Noobhiya

Ugcino-lwazi lungaqhubekisela phambili ucalucalulo olukhoyo ukuba aluyilwanga kakuhle. Umzekelo, imizekelo exelwa kwangaphambili esetyenziswa kwisigwebo solwaphulo-mthetho ingabonisa ukungalingani kwembali kwi-politiki. Ngokufanayo, ugcino-lwazi lwemfundo lungabalaselisa izithuba ngaphandle kokuchaza iingcambu ezifana nokungalingani kwenkqubo. Irhuluneli kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yogcino-lwazi ayilwenzi umonakalo ngokugqithisileyo kuluntu olucekelwe phantsi. Ukufaka izibambi-mathili zemingxwe kwaye ukuziphatha okuthengiselwano kunganceda ukuphelisa ezi ngxaki.

ICANDELO:

Ukusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi kufuna abasebenzi abanobuchule, kuquka izazinzulu zedata, abahlalutyi, kunye neengcaphephe ze-IT. Iimeko ezincinci okanye abo banoqingqo-mali oluncinane basenokuzama ukuqesha nokugcina italente enjalo. Ngaphezu koko, abalawuli kunye nabasebenzi babo kufuneka baqonde imiqathango yogcino-lwazi kwaye baphephe ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwiindleko zolwazi olunentsingiselo. Ukwakha ulwazi kurhulumente wonke ngumgudu oqhubekayo.

Amathuba Nemikhwa Yexesha Elizayo

Xa bejonga phambili, iziphumo eziliqela zithembisa ukunyusa indima yogcino-lwazi ekulawuleni. Abalawuli abatyala ezinkalo baya kukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo baze baphucule iziphumo zelizwe labo.

Ubuntlola Bokwenza kunye nokufunda ngoomatshini

Imfundo ye-AI kunye nomatshini ingahlalutya ii-data ezinkulu ukuchonga iipateni kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili iziganeko zexesha elizayo. Umzekelo, amanye amaphondo asebenzisa umatshini ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuxhatshazwa komntwana neengxelo zokuhlasela kunye nokutyelelwa kwamakhaya okuzizikhuselayo. Ezinye zihlola i-Al ukuze zifumaneke kwiinkqubo eziyingenelo. Noko ke, iijaji kufuneka zisondele kwi-AII ngokulumkileyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba ukubonakala gcatha nokuphendula ekwenzeni izigqibo ezizenzekelayo.

Ugcino-lwazi Oluvulekileyo

Amaphondo amaninzi aye asungula ii-data ezivulekileyo ezenza ukuba ugcino-lwazi lukarhulumente lufumaneke kuluntu ngokubanzi. Oku kukhanyisa kuvumela abaphandi, intatheli, kunye nabemi ukuba baphendule urhulumente kwaye bafake igalelo kuhlalutyo lwenkqubo. Umzekelo, iphondo laseTexas lisebenzisa iTexas Open Data Portal, equka ii-data zempilo, imfundo, kunye nezothutho. Ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lungavuselela ukuphuhlisa izinto, njengokuba oosomashishini kunye neentengiso ezingezorhwebo zisebenzisa ulwazi lukarhulumente ekuveliseni iimveliso neenkonzo ezintsha.

Izinto ezithelekelelwayo

Irhuluneli zingasebenzisa unyango oluthe ngqo lokulungisa ukujonga ukungaphumeleli kwezibonelelo kunye nocwangciso olufanelekileyo lokuzigcina. Umzekelo, ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwizimvo ezikwibhulorho kunye neendlela lungaxela kwangaphambili apho kunokwenzeka khona iintanda okanye ukudleka, luvumele ulungiso olujoliswe kuyo kunokuba lulungiswe ngexabiso eliphantsi. Oku konga imali kwaye kuphucula ukhuseleko.

Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo

Ukwaphula i-silos phakathi kwamaziko karhulumente kuyinto ephambili ekhulayo. Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezidityanisiweyo ezidibanisa imfundo, impilo, iinkonzo zoluntu, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwemisebenzi zinganika uluvo olupheleleyo lweemfuno zabemi. Iprojekthi yeUtah “Inkonzo Yolawulo Lokwethula” ngokwemizekelo, umzekelo, isebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kumaqumrhu amaninzi ukuchaza iintsapho ezinokungenelwa kwinkxaso elungelelanisiweyo. Iziphumo zokuqala zicebisa ukuba le ndlela yokusebenzisa inkxaso engxamisekileyo inciphiso inciphisa imfuneko yeenkonzo zexesha elingxamisekileyo kwaye iphuculeziphumo zexesha elide.

Isiphelo

Ugcino-lwazi kunye nokungakhathalelwa kuye kwaba zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kubalawuli abafuna ukwenza izigqibo zobuzwilakhe. Ukusukela ekuphucukeni kwezoqoqosho, kwimpilo kawonke-wonke ukuya kwimfundo nakwisiseko, ugcino-lwazi lunceda abalawuli borhulumente baqonde iingxaki, ukhetho, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yendlela. Ngoxa iingxaki ezinxulumene nobucala, ukulingana, kunye nobuchule zisekho, amathuba okuphucula anzulu.

IRhuluneli ezamkela ulawulo logcino-lwazi olulawulwayo zixhotyiswe bhetele ukuze zincede abahlali bazo ngokunempumelelo nangempumelelo. Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka buhambela phambili, indima yogcino-lwazi kwinkqubo iza kukhula kuphela, ikwenze kube yimfuneko ukuba iinkokeli zihlakulele ubuchule bogcino-lwazi, zichithe izibonelelo, zigcine ukuzinikela ekusetyenzisweni kwendlela efanelekileyo. Ikamva lolawulo luyiyo ulwazi, kwaye abalawuli abakhokela ngobungqina baya kufumana indawo engcono ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkcaso zenkulungwane yama-21.