Ukwazisa: Isiseko senkqubo yoomatshini bokutsala abangahlawulekiyo

Uluntu oluneedemokhrasi oluphilileyo luxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano yolwazi ekhululekileyo. Kwimekobume yale ndawo kukho umanyano olunamandla phakathi kwemibutho yeendaba kunye nabemi abakhonzayo. Kunokuba kube yindlela enye yokusasaza iindaba, inkqubo yokushicilela yale mihla ekhululekileyo isebenza njengentsebenziswano apho ubuhlaluneli obungoononkqele kunye nolawulo lwezentlalo-ntle iqinisekisana. Le ntsebenziswano iqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi alusasazwanga nje kuphela kodwa lungaphenduliswanga, luqiniseki, luqinisekiswa, kwaye luchaziwe ngeendlela ezinceda uluntu. Ulwalamano phakathi kwee-ndaba kunye noluntu luye lwavela ngokuphawulekayo ngexesha lobugcisa, ukanti umgaqo ongundoqo uyaqhubeka ungomnye: ukhuthathiswano olukhululekile xa iintathelelwane nabahlali besebenza kunye nabahlali bezama ukuphendula kunye nokukhuthaza iinyaniso ezifihliweyo ezifihliweyo, ezifihliweyo, kunye nolukhutha abantu abanolwazi.

Ulwalamano olumandundu lohlobo lonxulumano luthetha ukuba umbutho ngamnye uzisa amandla akhethekileyo kwithebula. Imibutho yamaphephandaba inoqeqesho, imigangatho yomhleli, kunye nezinto zokuphanda ngamabali antsonkothileyo, ngelixa abemi benikela ngolwazi lwengingqi, iingxelo zobuqu, kunye neembono ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingenakusetyenziswa zize zifunyaniswe. Ukuqonda indlela la maqela mabini asebenza ngokunempumelelo ngayo kubalulekile nabani na okhathalela ikamva loondaba nolawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Indima Yemibutho Yeendaba Kwinkqubo Yoxinaniso Olukhululekileyo

Imibutho yamaphephandaba isebenza njengesiseko somatshini wokushicilela okhululekileyo. Imbopheleleko yayo eyintloko kukuqokelela, ukuqinisekisa, nokuhambisa inkcazelo abemi abafuna ukuyenza ukuze benze izigqibo ngolwazi. Lo msebenzi uquka ukuphanda ngeenkqubo zamandla, ukuhlolisisa inkqubo kawonke-wonke, nokunika abaphulaphuli umongo onceda abantu baqonde intsingiselo yeziganeko ezikhoyo kwiindawo abahlala kuzo nasemhlabeni wonke.

Ukuzalisekisa lo msebenzi, amagumbi eendaba angoochwepheshe anamathela kwimilinganiselo emiselweyo yemichokotho yentatheli kunye nemigaqo-siseko yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ezi ziquka ukukhangela okungqongqo kwemigaqo-nkqubo, imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo, kunye nesibopho sokunika iimbono ezininzi kwimibandela ephikiswayo. Imibutho edumileyo yamaphephandaba igcina ulwahlulo olucacileyo phakathi komxholo wayo wenqaku lomhleli kunye nayiphi na imfuno yezorhwebo okanye yezobupolitika enokulalanisa inkululeko yayo. Ezi zinto ziquka ukukhusela okwahlula ubujengalwazi kwinkcazelo egqwethayo, iimbono, okanye iingcamango ezingachasananga.

Izibonelelo ezisemqulwini zombutho weendaba ziquka iindima ezikhethekileyo ezisebenza kunye ukuze kuveliswe izinto ezinokuthenjwa. Iindaba ziqokelela ulwazi ngodliwano-ndlebe, uhlalutyo loxwebhu, kunye nokuqwalasela kobuqu. Abahleli bahlola amabali okuchanabeka, okusesikweni, kunye nokucacisa phambi kokuba kuvezwe. Abalondolozi bezinto baqinisekisa iingxelo ezenziwe yimithombo nemixholo. Abashicileli bemifanekiso, iingxelo zevidiyo, kunye neentatheli zedata zongeza ukubonakala nobunzulu bokuchonga.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imibutho yeendaba iye yathatha indima ekhulayo kwimfundo yolwazi lobuzwilakhe. Iindlela ezininzi zokukhupha iziphumo ngoku zipapasha emva kweengcaciso zeenkqubo zayo zokunika ingxelo, iingxelo ezibonisa imbali ngemithombo yayo yemali, kunye nezikhokelo zokunceda abaphulaphuli bahlule ulwazi olunokuthenjwa kwinkcazelo ephosakeleyo. Lo msebenzi wemfundo uqinisa ulwazi ngokubanika amandla abemi ngokuba babe ngabathengi abanolwazi abanokuqonda ngakumbi.

Indima Yabemi Kwinkqubo Yezingcinga Ezikhululekileyo

Abahlali abazamkeli nje kuphela iindaba; banegalelo elikhutheleyo ekudalweni nasekusasazweni kwenkcazelo. Kwinkqubo yamaphephandaba engenazintloni, uluntu ludlala iindima eziliqela ezibalulekileyo ezixhasa umsebenzi weentatheli ezingoogcisa kwaye luphucula ubunjani bentetho.

Okokuqala, abemi basebenza njengemithombo yenkcazelo. Abantu ababona iziganeko ngokwabo okanye abanolwazi olukhethekileyo ngemibandela ethile banganika intatheli iintloko, amaxwebhu, kunye nobungqina obukhokelela kumabali abalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, abavumisi-mthetho baye babhenca ezinye zeziphako ezithe zaphumela kwimbali yale mihla ngokuzisa inkcazelo efihlakeleyo kwimibutho yamajelo eendaba. Abahlali abaqhelekileyo bafaka iziganeko ezirekhodi kwii-cell phone zabo baye banika ubungqina obubonakalayo bokuziphatha kakubi kwamapolisa, iintlekele zemvelo, kunye nokuqhankqa kwezobupolitika ebekungayi kuba bekungachazwangathethwanga.

Okwesibini, abemi basebenza njengabameli abanokuphendula. Ngokufunda, ukubukela nokuphulaphula ukupapashwa kweendaba ngokucokisekileyo, amalungu kawonke-wonke ayakwazi ukubona iimpazamo, ukukhutyelwa, okanye ikhethe ekunikeleni ingxelo. Xa abemi bechaza iimpazamo okanye belucelomngeni lokuchaza izinto ezithandabuzekayo, banceda imibutho yeendaba iphucule ukunyaniseka nokusesikweni kwayo. Le nkcazelo iyimfuneko ekulondolozeni imilinganiselo yeentatheli ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Okwesithathu, abemi banenxaxheba kusasazo lweendaba. Ngokubelana ngemicimbi yezentlalo, ukuncokola ngencoko yasekuhlaleni, nokuthetha ngomlomo, abantu bakhulisa amabali abalulekileyo baze banikele ingqalelo kwimibandela esenokuba ityeshelwe zizinto eziphambili.

Okwesine, abemi banikela ngemali kwimibutho yamajelo eendaba abayixabisayo. Iindleko zentlawulo, amalungu, kunye neminikelo inika ingeniso evumela amagumbi eendaba ukuba asebenze ngokwawo athelekisa okanye abaxhasi bezobupolitika. Kwixesha apho imifanekiso yentengiso engokwesithethe iphazanyiswe ngamaqonga eefomati, inkxaso engqalileyo yabemi iye yafuneka ngokungakumbi ukuze ahlale efanelekile amajenali omgangatho ofanelekileyo.

Indlela Imibutho Yeendaba Nabemi Abamanyeneyo Ababa Nentsebenziswano Ngayo

Ukusebenzisana kwemibutho yamajelo eendaba nabemi kuvela ngeendlela ezininzi, ukususela ekunxibelelaneni okungacwangciswanga kwezentlalo ukuya kutsho kwiingxelo ezivelisa iingxelo zophando. Amacandelo alandelayo ahlola ezona ndlela zibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ngolu manyano.

Iminikelo Yamangqina Neencwadi Zemibutho Yabemi

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo abemi abafak' isandla ngazo ekunikezeleni ingxelo yeendaba kukwabelana ngamangqina okuzibonela kunye noshicilelo lweziganeko. Xa iziganeko ezinkulu zenzeka njengeentlekele zemvelo, izenzo zogonyamelo, okanye abantu ababhikicayo bezobupolitika abalapho badla ngokubamba imifanekiso nevidiyo phambi kokuba kufike iintatheli ezichwepheshileyo. Imibutho yeendaba iye yaphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa nokudibanisa le ngxelo iqulethwe ngumsebenzisi ekuyixeleni kwazo, ukuba nje ihambisana nemilinganiselo yomhleli.

Ubujoni bengingqi buye babonakala njengendlela eyahlukileyo yokunikela ingxelo apho abantu abangaqeqeshwanga ngokusemthethweni bevelisa baze bapapashe iindaba zabo. Ngoxa oku kuqulethweyo kusenokungabikho kobungqalume bomhleli kunye nokulondolozwa kwemiqathango yobuchule, bungazalisa iikhefu ezikhutshelwayo, ingakumbi kuluntu olugcinwa ngamajelo aphambili. Ezinye iintatheli zabemi ziye zakha abantu abaninzi zaza zafumana ingcebiso labo kwintetho kawonke-wonke.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Nezindululo

Imibutho emininzi yeendaba ifuna ngamandla ingcebiso kuluntu lwayo ngeentlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, iiholo zeedolophu, kunye neentlanganiso zokuphulaphula. Ezi ziganeko zinika abemi ithuba lokwabelana ngeenkxalabo zabo nezinto eziza kuqala ngokungqalileyo neentatheli, zinceda ekuguquleni ingqalelo yomhleli ngendlela ebonakalisa iimfuno zoluntu. Xa imibutho yeendaba iphulaphula abaphulaphuli ngokunyanisekileyo, ivelisa amabali aluncedo nanempembelelo.

Ezinye iindawo zokukhupha imicimbi ziye zamisela ukuganana oku ngokusetyenziswa kwamabhunga asekuhlaleni okanye amabhunga afundayo adibana rhoqo ukuze axubushe inkcazo kunye nokubonelela ngempendulo. Ezinye zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-michiza ezifana nohlolo, amacandelo, kunye nophando lwezentlalo-ntle ukuze ziqokelele igalelo ngokuqhubekayo. Amaqhinga asebenzayo aphatha abemi njengabasebenzi abakwinkqubo yokuxhasa intatheli kunokuba nje basebenzise izinto eziqulethwe yi-mente.

Uphando lweeNtlanganiso

Intsebenziswano ekhulayo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ulwazi kunye nomgudu woluntu jikelele ukuphanda ngemiba entsonkothileyo. Imisebenzi yokusebenza kwabantu imema abemi ukuba bancede ekuhlalutyeni inkcukacha ezinkulu, ukuhlola amaxwebhu, okanye ukunikela amava obuqu akhanyisa iingxaki ezilawula inkqubo. Uphando lwe-Guardian kwiindleko ezifunwa ngamalungu ePalamente yaseBritani, eyacela abafundi ukuba bahluze amawaka emali, lubonise ukuba banokukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

Ngokufanayo, imibutho yamajelo eendaba isenokusebenzisana namaziko emfundo, imibutho engafumani ngeniso, okanye amaqela ajongene nokufumana ingeniso efuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo okanye ukufikelela kwingingqi ezithile. La maqabane andisa amathuba eendawo zokuchonga amaqela eendaba kwaye azisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kumabali antsonkothileyo. Abahlali abathathi-nxaxheba kwiprojekthi ezinjalo bayazi kakuhle inkqubo yophando kunye nengqiqo yokuba nabani na ngenxa yoko.

Izixhobo zokuxhobisa nokuphendula

Intsebenziswano esebenzayo ifuna ubuchule ukuze abemi balapho bagcine iingxelo zabo ziphendulwe. Xa iimpazamo okanye ukukhutshwa kwazo kungaphelelanga, amalungu kawonke-wonke afuna iindlela ezifikelelekayo zokuphakamisa inkxalabo yawo. Imibutho edumileyo yamaphephandaba igcina imigaqo-nkqubo, isikhundla somhleli, okanye iindima zomhleli kawonke-wonke ukuphendula izikhalazo ngokucacileyo.

I-media yezentlalo iye yaba libala elibalulekileyo loluhlobo lokuziphendulela. Iintatheli nemibutho yamajelo eendaba ijongene nohlolo olukhawulezileyo xa ipapasha inkcazelo engachananga okanye elahlekisayo, kwaye amandla kawonke-wonke okusabela ngexesha lokwenene anganyanzelisa iziphumeleli zokulungisa iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza. Nangona le mpembelelo inokuthi ngamanye amaxesha ikhokelele kwintiyo okanye ukukhathazwa, ikwabangela izikhuthazo zokuchana nokusabela nto ezomeleza ubujenga boondaba ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingxaki Kumanyano Lwabemi Lwamaphephandaba

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo zayo ezininzi, intsebenziswano phakathi kwemibutho yamaphephandaba nabemi ikho neengxaki. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ukuze kuveliswe inkcazelo ekwaziyo ukumelana nendalo.

Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

Kwale mijelo inye eyenza abemi bakwazi ukuba nenxaxheba nayo inceda ukusasazwa kwenkcazelo yobuxoki okanye elahlekisayo. Abadlali abakhohlakeleyo banokusebenzisa amajelo onxibelelwano oluntu ukukhuthaza iingcamango zobuqhetseba, iingcamango zozungu, namabali acetywayo athob ’ isidima soluntu kwimicimbi yoondaba esemthethweni. Imibutho yamaphephandaba kufuneka ichithe imali eninzi kakhulu kwiinkqubo zoqinisekiso zokwahlula iminikelo ethembekileyo yabemi kwiingxelo ezikhohliweyo zenkohliso.

Imigudu yokulwa nobuxoki iquka unxulumano nemibutho ekhangela inyani, uphuhliso lweenkqubo zolwazi lokufunda nokusebenzisa izixhobo zobugcisa ukuchonga amajelo eendaba asetyenziswayo. Noko ke, umlinganiselo wengxaki uyaqhubeka udlula ubuncwane obukhoyo bokuyilungisa, nto leyo efuna uphuhliso oluqhubekayo nomanyano lwamaqela.

Ukuthembana Nezinto Ezibangela Ixhala

Ukuthembana phakathi kweenkampani zamajelo eendaba noluntu kuye kwaphela kumazwe amaninzi, nabemi abathandabuza iintshukumisa nokuchana kwamajelo eendaba. Oku kuphelelwa kwentembelo kwenza kube nzima ukuba intatheli zifumane imithombo, zeyisele abantu ukuba babelane ngamabali abo, kwaye zeyisele abantu ekuthembeni kwingxelo yabo. Ukuthembana ngokwakha kudinga ukuba bacace ngokungaguquguqukiyo, ukusabela kwimicimbi yoluntu, kwaye kuboniswa ukuzimisela ekukhonzeni umdla kawonke-wonke wonke kunokuba kuncede abantu okanye kwezorhwebo.

Izilondolozo zecebo nokuzinziswa

Imibutho yeendaba nabemi bajongene nemiqathango ethintela amandla abo okusebenzisana ngokunempumelelo. Amagumbi amaninzi eendaba aye anciphisa ukukwazi kwawo ukuganana nokusebenza ngophando. Inxalenye yabo, abemi basenokuthi bangabi naxesha, ubuchule, okanye intshukumisa yokuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yeendaba, ingakumbi xa bevakalelwa kukuba iminikelo yabo ayixatyiswa okanye ayisetyenziswa.

Imizekelo eqinisekisiweyo yokuxhasa ugcino-lwazi oluxhasayo iquka ukuxhasa ngemali engancediyo, isiseko, iinkqubo zobulungu, kunye namaqabane kawonke-wonke.

Ukwahlula-hlula kwamanani kunye nokufikeleleka

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yomatshini wokushicilela engenazingcinga kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni ubugcisa bezobugcisa neqonga. Abahlali abangenazo ii-intanethi ezithembekileyo ze-intanethi, ubuchule bokubhala nokubhala, okanye ubuchule obusemgangathweni ngeelwimi eziphambili banokungadibani nemibutho yezindaba enentsingiselo. Olu lwahlulo lwamanani lukhuthaza ukungalingani okukhoyo okukhoyo kokuvakala kwelizwi labo nabaliselwa amabali abo.

Imibutho yeendaba efuna ukusebenzisana noluntu olwahlukahlukeneyo kufuneka ifake ingeniso kwiinkqubo zokufikelela abantu kwiiplatifomu ezahlukeneyo, iilwimi, kunye nemigangatho yokufikelela kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungaquka ubudlelane nemibutho yoluntu, ushicilelo nokusasazwa kukanomathotholo, kunye neziganeko ezingaphantsi kwemiqobo yokubamba inxaxheba.

Uhlolisiso Lwezinto Eziye Zasetyenziswa

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi yentsebenziswano esebenzayo yombutho weendaba kunika imizekeliso ecacileyo yemigaqo echazwe ngasentla.

Iprojekthi Yepropublica Echaza Intiyo

Iprojekthi yePropublica e-Propubling Thete yamema abemi ukuba babelane ngamava abo nolwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo kunye neziganeko zocalulo, beyila isiseko sogcino-lwazi abanokusisebenzisa ukuphanda ngemiboniso yocalulo nokungaphumeleli koorhulumente. Le projekthi yaqokelela amawaka eengxelo zobuqu ezatyhila iikhefu ezisemthethweni, nto leyo eyakhokelela kumabali abangela utshintsho lwenkqubo kunye nokwazisa uluntu ngokubanzile.

Izixhobo Zokubandakanyeka Kuluntu ETexas Tribune

ITexas Tribune iphuhlise inkqubo ebanzi yokuganana kwabantu equka iziganeko, uhlolisiso, kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha ezenzelwe ukubandakanya abemi kuzo zonke iinkalo zokunikela ingxelo. Indlela ekwenza ngayo igxininisa ukuphulaphula inkxalabo yoluntu, ukukhuthaza ingcebiso kwintlawulo, nokusebenzisana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukufikelela abantu abangaphantsi kwenani labantu. Oku kuye kwanceda ukwakha ulwalamano oluqinileyo nabafundi kulo lonke iphondo elinobuzwe obuhlukeneyo bezobupolitika.

Umgcini khaya we BBC

IBBC yaseka i-User Eved Conte Hub enikezelweyo ukulawula uqukuqelo lweminikelo evela kubaphulaphuli ehlabathini lonke. Iqela libonisa imifanekiso, iividiyo, kunye neengxelo zaboni phambi kokuba zidityaniswe, ukugcina iimigangatho zomhleli beBBC ngexesha usebenzisa uthungelwano lwehlabathi lomgcini-sango. Eli qumrhu libangele ukuba iBBC ikwazi ukuxela iziganeko kwindawo ekude okanye eziyingozi apho iintatheli zayo zingenakusoloko zisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ikamva Lokwakhiwa Kwabemi Abahlala Kwizindaba

Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka buguquka yaye amajelo eendaba etshintsha, unxibelelwano phakathi kwemibutho yeendaba nabemi luya kuba neentlobo ezintsha.

Okokuqala, inkqubela kwinkqubela yobuchule obungeyoyamvelo kunye nokufundwa kwematshini iza kudala izixhobo ezintsha zokuqinisekisa iminikelo yabemi kunye namava eendaba angokwenkqubelo. Iinkqubo ezinamandla e-Al zinokubanceda abacholacholi beentatheli bachaze imithombo ethembekileyo, bafumane amajelo eendaba asetyenziswayo, kunye nenkxalabo yoluntu ngogcino-lwazi oluphezulu. Noko ke, ezi tekiniki ziphakamisa imibuzo engokokuziphatha malunga nokuzimela, ikhethe, nendima yesigwebo somntu ekwenzeni izigqibo zomhleli.

Okwesibini, ukwanda kwentsebenziswano yeqonga kunye nee-webhsayithi zokunxibelelana ezifanelekileyo kunokwenza abemi bakwazi ukulawula ugcino-lwazi lwabo nokuba nenxaxheba kwabo kwizinto ezisingqongileyo. Ukuba abasebenzisi balawula iqonga apho kuthethwa khona iindaba, intsebenziswano phakathi kwabemi kunye nemibutho yeendaba isenokutshintsha ukuze kubonakale kakuhle kwaye kungenelwe omnye.

Okwesithathu, ingxaki eqhubekayo yokuthembana kwamaziko iza kufuna ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokunzulu nangakumbi kwimibutho yeendaba. Imigudu emikhulu yokucela ingxelo okanye ukukhuthaza iintetho ayizukwanelanga; amanyathelo abonisa ukuba impembelelo yoqobo yabemi ibandakanya impembelelo yokwenyaniso kwaye amele aphendule kwiingingqi abakhonza kuzo.

Okwesine, ukuxhaswa kooncwadi basekuhlaleni kuya kufuna imigaqo emitsha edibanisa ukunikelwa kweengxelo zengcali kunye nenkxaso yoluntu. Intsebenziswano yeendaba zasekuhlaleni, apho abemi balapho baxhasa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye baba nenxaxheba ekulawuleni amajelo eendaba, imela enye indlela ethembisayo edibanisa izilangazelelo zeentatheli nabaphulaphuli.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yamaphephandaba ekhululekileyo asilolungiselelo elimileyo kodwa lulwalamano olunamandla phakathi kwemibutho yeendaba kunye nabemi abasebenzayo. Xa olu manyano lusebenza kakuhle, luvelisa inkcazelo echanekileyo, efanelekileyo, nenoxanduva lokuziphendulela kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Imibutho yeendaba izisa imigangatho yobuchule, oovimba bezibonelelo-mali, kunye nogwebo lomhleli, ngoxa abemi benikela ngolwazi lwengingqi, iimbono ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokulawula ngokwedemokhrasi.

Ukuqinisa olu manyano kufuna umgudu owenziwe ngabom kumacala omabini. Imibutho yamaphephandaba kufuneka ifake ingeniso ekuthembiseni, ekuboneni, nasekusabeleni, iqonda ukuba igunya layo lixhomekeke ekuthembeni kwabantu abahlala apho. Izakhamuzi kufuneka zibe nendima esebenzayo ekusebenziseni iindaba ngokungqongqo, ukwabelana ngengqiqo, nokuxhasa uncwadi oluxabisekileyo. Ngokusebenza kunye, imibutho yeendaba nabemi banokulwakha ukhuthuzo olukhululekileyo olusebenza ngokunempumelelo kwimeko-demokhrasi yenkcazelo entsonkothile.

Abo banomdla wokuphanda ngalo mxholo ngokubhekele phaya, oovimba abanjenge-Melika Press Institute kunye ne Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism[ banikela uphando olunzulu kunye nokhokelo olusebenzayo kwintsebenziswano yabemi kwingingqi. ICULAISism Review[ ikwabonelela kwakhona uhlalutyo oluqhubekayo lolwalamano phakathi kweentatheli kunye noluntu, kuquka ukugutyungelwa kwemiboniso ezintle kunye nemigudu yokuphendula.