Ukuqonda Iintloko - mithetho Ezifileyo Kulawulo Lwanamhlanje

Iintambo eziphendulweyo zomthetho zimela enye yezona zimo zingapheliyo nezineziphumo eziphambili kwiinkqubo zezobupolitika zedemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke. Embindini wazo, ezi zitshixo zinokwenzeka xa abenzi bomthetho bengakwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano somthetho ocetyiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunqandeni izicelo zenkqubo, iingxoxo eziqhubekayo, kwaye ngokufuthi ezipheleleyo kwinkqubo yokwenza inkqubo. Ngelixesha iingxabano zibubumbonakaliso bendalo lokucingisisa ngedemokhrasi, iintambo ezisisiphelo okanye ezibukhali zingaguqula ngokusisiseko ukuphembelela kweziphumo zenkqubo kawonke, zichaphazela yonke into ukusuka kwinkqubo yentlalo-ntlalo-ntle nokhuseleko loluntu.

Intsingiselo yokuqonda iintambo zokufa kwemithetho esetyenziswa yimithetho idlulela ngaphaya kofun ’ ukwazi. Kubaphathi-mikhosi, abahlalutyi benkqubo, kunye nabemi abatshayelela, beqonda indlela ezichaphazelekayo ngayo iinkqubo zokuyila, zibalulekile ngayo ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokusebenzisa okanye zokunciphisa iziphumo zazo. Iinkqubo zezobupolitika zahluka kakhulu ekuboneni kwazo ukuxinana kwimingxube efileyo, kodwa akukho nkqubo ikhusela ngokupheleleyo. Iindlela zokuyila, ukuphikelela, kwaye ekugqibeleni zityhila ingqiqo enzulu kwimpilo nakusebenza kwamaziko edemokhrasi.

Umatshini Noonobangela Bokufa Okusemthethweni

Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo zisisiseko kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela iintambo ezifayo ezichaphazela ngayo iziphumo zenkqubo kawonke wonke.

Izakhiwo eziziko nokwahlukana kwamandla

Uyilo lwamaziko ezobupolitika ludlala indima engundoqo ekuhlaseleni okanye ekuthinteleni iintloko ezifileyo. Iinkqubo zoomongameli, njengaleyo yaseUnited States, zityekele ngokukhethekileyo ekubulaleni ngenxa yokwahlulwa kwamandla phakathi kwamasebe alawulayo kunye nemithetho. Xa amaqela ahlukeneyo elawula ubucukubhedengu kunye neBhunga, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwe-gridbo ayanda ngokunzulu. Ngokuchasene noko, iinkqubo zePalamente, zityekele ekuboneni iintambo ezimbalwa ezifileyo ngenxa yokuba isigqeqesi esiphezulu sivela kuninzi lowiso-mthetho, sidala ulungelelwaniso lwendalo.

Noko ke, iinkqubo zepalamente azizizo ezokukhusela. Iinkqubo zentelekelelo, ezixhaphakileyo kwimimandla emininzi yedemokhrasi yaseYurophu, zinokuva izithukuthezi xa amaqabane angumbutho angavumelaniyo kwiinkqubo ezingundoqo. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo yezobupolitika yaseItali, ngokwembali iye yasilela rhoqo kurhulumente kunye nokungaphili-mandla emithetho ngenxa yokungalungelelani. Ngokufanayo, izindlu zowiso-mthetho ze-bhiyameral apho amagumbi amabini anamandla alinganayo anokudala ukufa xa igumbi ngalinye lilawulwa ngamacangciwa amakhulu.

Ukwenziwa kwelanga kunye nokwahlula-hlula

Mhlawumbi eyona nto idla ngokuxoxwa kakhulu ngokufa kwabantu abafuna uwiso-mthetho kwezobupolitika zale mihla kukuthamba okuchaseneyo. Njengoko amaqela ezobupolitika ehambela phambili ekutyebeni kweengcamango, isizathu esiqhelekileyo esifunekayo sokulalanisa siba yinqabile kakhulu. Le nto iye yangqinwa kakhulu eUnited States, apho iindlela zokuvota zombutho ziye zakhula kakhulu ukutyhubela amashumi aliqela eminyaka adluleyo.

Ukwahlulwa-hlula okubonakalayo ngeendlela ezininzi ezifak' isandla ekungcwabeni: ukudamba kokunqamleza imigca yeqela, ukusetyenziswa okunyusiweyo kobuchule bokuphazamisa, kunye nokuncitshiswa kolwalamano phakathi kwabantu kwimigca yeqela eyathi yabangela ukuba kulula ukuxoxa ngokweembali. Xa abenzi bomthetho bejonga abachasi babo njengeentshaba kunokuba bajongene nomahluko osemthethweni, umoya ofunekayo wokuncedisana kwinkqubela yemithetho ukonakalisa ngokukhawuleza.

Amaqela entsapho Nezixaxwano

Ulawulo-demokhrasi lubandakanya ukulungelelanisa izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo, kodwa xa ezo zinto zingavalwanga, intloko-ntloko efileyo inokubakho. Amaqela anamandla anomdla angahlanganisa ubuncwane bokusibekela esichengeni somthetho osongela iinjongo zawo, adala iingongoma ekunzima ukuzoyisa. Umthetho wokusingqongileyo, umzekelo, usoloko udibana nongquzulwano phakathi kwamaqela ezoshishino, abaxhasi bemekobume, kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni, ngalinye elinezinto ezifanelekileyo kodwa ezingqubanayo.

Iimfazwe ezilawulayo zidlulela ngaphaya kwamaqela enzala esemthethweni. Ukwahluka ngokweengingqi, ukwahlukahlukana kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokungavisisani kwamanani abantu kwi-politiki kungenza ityala elingapheliyo kwimibandela enjengerhafu, ukunyamekela impilo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Xa iindleko neengenelo zemigaqo ecetyisiweyo zisasazwa ngokungafaniyo, ukufumana ukuvumelana kuba lucelomngeni olugqithisileyo.

Iziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente

Intloko-ntloko yomthetho ichaphazela iziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo nezinzulu. Indalo kunye nobungozi bezi mpembelelo zixhomekeke kwixesha lokufa kwentloko, indawo yenkqubo echaphazelekayo, kunye nomongo wesibonelelo apho isenzeka khona.

Ukuthintelwa Komgaqo - siseko Nokulibaziseka Kotshintsho

Owona mphumo ungqalileyo wokufa kwewiso-mthetho kukunqanda amanyathelo ngokomthetho. Utshintsho olufunekayo kwiinkqubo zonyango, kwimigaqo yerhafu, kwimigaqo yesiseko, imfundo, nakwinethi yokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni lungaphela iminyaka emininzi okanye kwanamashumi eminyaka ngoxa abenzi bomthetho behlala bevalelwe ekungavumelani. Iindleko zokulibaziseka okunjalo zidla ngokubangelwa ngabemi abasengozini abaxhomekeke kwizenzo zikarhulumente zeenkonzo eziyimfuneko nezokhuseleko.

Qwalasela imeko yokuguqulwa kwemibutho yokufuduka eUnited States. Phezu kwayo nje imbono ebanzi yokuba inkqubo yokufuduka yaphukile, utshintsho olubanzi luye lwayibhabha kwiKhomishini kangangamashumi eminyaka ngenxa yolwahluko olunzulu lwabaguquli. Le ntsimbi ishiye izigidi zabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe besemacaleni asemthethweni, ibangele ukungaqiniseki ukuba amashishini athembele ekusebenzeni abaphambukeli, kwaye yafak ’ isandla kwiingxaki zobuntu emdeni. Iziphumo zenkqubo yokufuduka zi-— okanye, ukunqongophala kwayo i-—represente ecacileyo apho i-m ekwindawo enzima yemithetho ivelise iindleko ezibalulekileyo kwintlalo-ntlalo.

Imiphumo Engokwezoqoqosho Yokudilizwa Korhulumente

Izicelo ezithe ngqo ezithe ngqo ezithe zapheliswa ngenxa yoqingqo-mali zingakhokelela ekuvalweni koorhulumente, ngeziphumo ezikhawulezileyo nezingenakuthelekiswa. Xa inkxaso-mali ithe yaphela, amasebe karhulumente ayayeka imisebenzi engeyoyayo, abasebenzi besebe bayahlatywa, kwaye iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ziyaphazamiseka. Amaxabiso adlulela ngaphaya kwemisebenzi karhulumente equka ukuhla kwemali echithwayo, ukuhla kwemali ethengwayo, ukulibazisela urhwebo, kunye nokwanda kwezoqoqosho.

Urhulumente wase-United States uvala ulawulo ngo-2013 nangonyaka wo-2018 nonyaka ka-2018 unika imizekelo ecacileyo. Ngokwe-Ofisi yoHlahlo lohlalo, ngo-2018-1919, ukuvalwa kwemijuxuzo yemali, iintsuku ezingama-35 ezihlala njalo, ukunciphisa iziphumo zezoqoqosho ngexabiso elimalunga ne-R31 yezigidi, kunye nexabiso elisisigxina. Ngaphezu kweendleko zezoqoqosho, oku kuthintelwa ukuthemba kukarhulumente kunye nokubonisa indlela ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho ekwaphula umthetho okunokuba yingozi ngayo kubemi abaxhomekeke kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente.

Ukungaguqu-guquki komgaqo-nkqubo nokungabi nakusebenza

Kwezinye iimeko, ukunqanda ukutshintsha kwemithetho yemithetho akuthinteli nje kuphela utshintsho lwenkqubo kodwa kudala umlinganiselo wokuguquguquka kunye ne-SAPT. Xa iintsimbi ezifileyo zithe zaphuka, ngokufuthi kwiingxoxo zamanqam, inkqubo ephumele phambili ingayilwa kancinci, ingaphunyezwa ngokungxama, okanye ibe phantsi kotshintsho olukhawulezileyo xa kushicilelwe impembelelo yezobupolitika. Le ndlela yokuyeka nokuhamba kwenkqubo inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifuna ucwangciso lwexesha elide kunye nemekobume obuzinzileyo.

Inkqubo yamandla kwidemokhrasi ezininzi ibonakalisa le ngxaki. Iminyaka yokuphelelwa ngamandla ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu ilandelwa kukutshintsha-tshintsha kwenkqubo okungaze kuqiniseki kwabatyali-mali, izinto eziluncedo, nabathengi. Iziphumo ze-CNC zidinisa utyalo-mali lwexesha elide olufunekayo kwiprojekthi yenkxaso-mali, uphuhliso olunokuhlaziywa kwamandla, kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa.

Ukufikelela okungaphezulu nokuGunyaziswa kweZiko

Xa iqhina lowiso-mthetho lithintela iBhunga eliphetheyo ukuba lingasebenzi, abalawuli bangangaze bandise igunya labo lokucombulula imicimbi ecinezelayo. Ngoxa izenzo ezinjalo zinokunika izisombululo ezifutshane, zinokuba sengozini yolawulo lwedemokhrasi oluthobayo nokwahlula amagunya axhasayo. Imiyalelo yegunya, izivumelwano zolawulo oluphezulu, kunye nokwenziwa kolawulo lolawulo lungathabathel'umthetho, kodwa ezi nkqubo azinagunya, zizenzi, zihlale zime, zize zicombulule idemokhrasi yemithetho emiselwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Oku kusebenza ngokunempembelelo kudala irhintyelo eliyingozi: ilock yowiso-mthetho ephelisa ukulawulwa kwegunya lowiso-mthetho, nto leyo enciphisa iintshukumisa zokulalanisa, ukutyhalela phambili ekucinezeleni intloko efileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukulungelelaniswa kolawulo lwedemokhrasi okubalulekileyo kusenokutshintshwa, kushenxiswa amandla asusiweyo kwimibutho yabameli kwisebe eliphetheyo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Lemingxuma Efileyo Esemthethweni

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo engqalileyo yentloko yowiso - mthetho kusenza siyiqonde kakuhle indlela ezi zixhobo ezisebenza ngayo nendlela eziyilawula ngayo inkqubo kawonke - wonke.

Ukuvaleka Korhulumente WaseUnited States

Ukuvalwa komthetho eUnited States mhlawumbi kumela eyona ndlela ibonakalayo nenesiphumo sokuphelisa uwiso-mthetho. Oku kuvala kwenzeka xa iNgqungquthela ingaphumeleli ukudlulisa iindleko zowiso-mthetho okanye izigqibo eziqhubekayo ukuxhasa imisebenzi karhulumente, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokungavumelani phakathi kwendlu, iNdlu yeeNtsimi zeNdlu, kunye noMongameli kumgangatho wokuchitha okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho edityaniswe kwimithetho yezezimali.

Ukuvalwa konyaka ka-1995-1999 kwabangelwa kukungavisisani phakathi koMongameli uBill Clinton kunye neHouse Speaker Newt Gingrich phezu kweMedicare, imfundo, kunye nenkxaso-mali yemekobume. Ukuvalwa konyaka ka-2013 kwavela kwimpikiswano ngokwezimali yoMthetho weNkxalabo eMadolo, oyena mde kakhulu kwimbali yaseMelika, osekelwe kwimali elungiselelwe udonga lomda neMexico.

Imiphumo yezi zithintelo ingaphezulu kakhulu kunemisebenzi karhulumente ephazamisekileyo. Abasebenzi bomanyano abajongene nokungaqiniseki ngokwemali banokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwemali, amashishini asebenza nemvume exeshiweyo okanye uhlolo aphulukane nengeniso okanye ukuphelelwa kwemali, kwaye uluntu luphelelwe yimali esisiseko yobuchule bukarhulumente. Uphando lubhale iimpembelelo ezibini ezihlala zihleli kwintlawulo karhulumente kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza kwimilinganiselo ephezulu yokuvala ishishini emva kokucima okuthe kwande.

IBreits Negotiting (207-2020)

Inkqubo yeBreexit ukusuka kwi-Arhenteum ka-2016 ngesivumelwano sokurhoxa ekugqibeleni ngowama-2020 inika udidi oluphambili ngendlela ingxilongo yemithetho enqanda ukusetyenziswa kwesizwe. Ipalamente ye-UK ifumana iintambo eziphindiweyo kwisivumelwano sokuyeka esixoxwe nguNkulumbuso Theresa Meyi, isala izihlandlo ezithathu phezu kwalo naliphi ixesha elisondelayo lokushiya iEuropean Union.

Le ngxaki yakhokelela kwimiphumo engaqhelekanga yezobupolitika: ukurhoxa kweNkulumbuso enguMongameli wezopolitiko kuMeyi, ukurhoxiswa kwePalamente (eyathi kamva yagwetywa ngokungekho mthethweni yiNkundla Ephakamileyo), ukugxothwa kwee-MP zamalungu avukelayo kwiqela, yaye ekugqibeleni kwaphulwa ngokungaqhelekanga konyulo-nyulo jikelele. Le nkqubo yaquka ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho, iinguqu kwinkqubo yokufuduka ezichaphazela ukuthengiswa kwemisebenzi, amalungiselelo amatsha eshishini ahlala egxunyela, kunye nokutshintsha okubonakalayo koluvo lukawonke-wonke malunga nokushiya i-EU.

IBreet lock ibonise ukuba i-gridrock yowiso-mthetho inokwenzeka kwinkqubo yepalamente enolawulo oluphezulu olunamandla, ingakumbi xa amaqela angaphakathi ebonakalisa ukungavisisani okunzulu kwezentlalo. Kwabonisa nendlela iqhina elifayo elinyanzela ngayo iinguqu ezisisiseko zomGaqo-siseko njengabadlali bezopolitiko befuna iindlela zokwaphula ityala.

I-Gridlock yase-Jamani (17-2018)

Emva konyulo lukarhulumente waseJamani ngoSeptemba 2017, eli lizwe lafumana iinyanga ezintlanu ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente asebenze kakuhle njengoko uthethathethwano lwesivumelwano lungaphumeleli kwaye lwaphumelela kuphela emva kwemigudu engaqhelekanga. Unyulo alushiyanga bantu baninzi bacacileyo, kunye nemizamo yokuqala yokwenza umnqongo we-"CDU, FDP, Greens) wawa ngenxa yokungavisisani ngokufuduka, amandla, kunye nemithetho enzima.

Le ndawo ifileyo ineziphumo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo. IJamani yayingakwazi ukuqhubela phambili amanyathelo angundoqo omthetho okudibanisa ukufuduka, izibonelelo zamanani, kunye notshintsho lwe-European Union ngexesha le-hiatus. Ukungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo kwachaphazela indima ye-Jamani kwisigqibo se-EU sokwenza izigqibo ezisuka kwingxoxo ye-Brexit ukuya kutshintsho lwe-yurone. Ekugqibeleni, ilock yagqitywa phakathi kwe "i-grand comment" phakathi kweCDU/CSU ne-SPU, kodwa amava abala abalasenziweyo sokhetho lokhetho lwasemva kokwenza isigqibo kwi-EU enziwe ngotshintsho olubanzi.

I-Datavice Offlock eItali (208-2019)

Uqingqo-mali olude lwe-Itali noluthe gqolo neKhomishini yaseYurophu ngo-2018-2019 lwabonisa indlela ingxinano yemithetho ephelweyo enokuthi isebenzisane ngayo nezakhiwo zolawulo zamazwe ngamazwe. Urhulumente wepopulist wacebisa ukuba kwenziwe uqingqo-mali oluchasene nemithetho ye-EU engekho mthethweni, olukhokelela kwiinyanga zokuphikisana, izisongelo zesigwebo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukunyanzeleka ngokwenxalenye ngurhulumente waseItali.

Ilock yadala i-TCP ephawulekayo yezorhwebo, intlawulo yokuboleka i-Itali eyandisa indleko, yabangela ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuzinikela kwelizwe kwi-EU kwimiqathango ye-alfastic. Ngokweekhaya, ingxoxo yoqingqo-mali yasebenzisa ingqwalasela yezopolitiko engenjalo eyayinokujoliswa kwisakhiwo esifunekayo ukuhlangabezana neengxaki ezizinzileyo zezoqoqosho ze-Itali, kuquka ukwanda okusezantsi, amatyala, kunye nokungabinamali eninzi kwemali. Le meko ibonisa indlela ukufa komkhala okunganwenwa okungaphaya kwemida yesizwe nokuchaphazela ukuthembana kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Iindlela Zokoyisa Iintloko Ezifileyo Ezinemiqathango

Ngenxa yeendleko eziphambili zokufa kwabantu abafuna ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho, abaphengululi noogqirha baye bavelisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuthintela, zokulawula nokucombulula ezi zenzo zingekho mthethweni.

Utshintsho Olukhoyo Neenguqu EzingokweNtlalo

Ukulungisa imithetho kunye neenkqubo ezilawula umsebenzi wowiso-mthetho kunganciphisa ubuninzi kunye nobunzulu bomva wemingxuma efileyo. Utshintsho olufana nokususa imbewu encinane kwiNdlu yeNdlu yeeNkulumbuso yase-U.S., ukwamkela iivoti ezakhayo zokungathembana kwinkqubo yepalamente, okanye ukuzalisekisa izigqibo ezizenzekelayo eziqhubekayo zokuxhasa uqingqo-mali zingasusa imiqobo esekelwe kwisenzo somthetho-mthetho.

Noko ke, utshintsho olunjalo lusoloko lujongene nemiqobo ephakamileyo yezopolitiko kuba lutshintsha ukusasazeka kwamandla kumaqumrhu owiso-mthetho. Iqela elingenelwayo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo lithanda ukumadolw ’ anzima ukuxhasa utshintsho, kwanaxa ezo nkqubo zinegalelo ekubulaleni intloko. Ngaphezu koko, utshintsho lweprocessition lunokuba neziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, ezinokunciphisa ukhuseleko oluncinane okanye ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zomthetho ngezinye iindlela.

Ukulungelelaniswa kolawulo oluphezulu

Kwinkqubo yomongameli, ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kwamasebe aphetheyo kunye nawowiso-mthetho kunganceda ekuthinteleni iintsimbi ezifileyo ekuphuhlisweni. Izixhobo ezifana neentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo, imikhosi yezomsebenzi edityanisiweyo, kunye nokunye okuphambili koqingqo-mali kunakho ukukhuthaza ukuqondana nokubona iingxabano ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe ziingxaki ezingapheliyo.

Ukuqhelisa "ukucacisa" kwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi Merika, apho abalawuli badibana neenkokeli zowiso-mthetho phambi kokusungula umthetho ngokusemthethweni, baye babonakalisa impumelelo ethile ekunciphiseni ii-vetoes kunye nemfazwe yowiso-mthetho. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezikhawulezayo zezivumelwano zorhwebo eUnited States kuye kwanceda intsebenziswano engokwembali yokubulala imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, nangona la malungiselelo ngokwawo ephantsi kwengxoxo yezobupolitika.

Ukuyekelela nokusonga

Eyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokucombulula iintambo zowiso-mthetho kukuyekelela nokunxibelelana. Ukuyekelela okuphumelelayo kuthetha ukuba onke amaqela ajonga iziphumo njengezingcono kubume bemeko, nto leyo ethetha ukuba isigqibo sokuvala intloko efileyo sibandakanya urhwebo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemigaqo —a uqheliselo olwaziwayo njengoluvo lomthetho. Ngokufaka imigaqo emininzi kwisivumelwano esinye, abalawuli bemithetho-mthetho bangahlanganisa imidibaniso ebanzi kunayo nayiphi na into enye enokuthi ixhase.

Ngelixesha ulalanisa kuboniswa njengombandela olula wokuthanda kwezobupolitika, ukuqhelisa kudinga ubuchule obuntsonkothileyo bokunxibelelana, ukwakhiwa kokholo ngaphaya kwemigca yeqela, kunye nenkqubo zombutho ezincedayo ukuthelekisa. Uphuhliso olungacwangciswanga lwamaqela anqamlezayo, ulawulo lwezibonelelo lwezibonelelo zemithetho engoondilele, nokusetyenziswa kweziqendu ezizimeleyo ukuvelisa iingcebiso zolwaphulo olunempumelelo zonke iingxubukiso.

Ubandakanyeko Lwasekuhlaleni

Ukuzisa uluntu ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho kunganceda ekupheliseni iintloko ezifileyo ngokubangela ingcinezelo yokuphendula kwiimeko zabenzi bomthetho nokukhuthaza ukuchasana kwezisombululo. Iindlebe zikawonke-wonke, amaqumrhu alawula abemi, uphando olungenatyala, kunye namaqonga okubonisa imicimbi ye-intanethi anganika abemi imicimbi entsonkothileyo ukuze bafunde ngemibandela entsonkothileyo baze bavakalise iinjongo zabo.

Kwezinye iimeko, isigqibo sokuthatha umba othe ngqo kubavoti ngokusetyenziswa kweminxeba yokuchola imigaqo-siseko singaqhekeza iintloko ezifakelwa yimithetho, nangona le ndlela iquka ubungozi obuquka ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwemibandela entsonkothileyo kunye nokuchanabeka ekusebenziseni. I-Brettentum ibonisa ubungozi kunye nemigibe yokusebenzisa idemokhrasi ngokungqalileyo ukusombulula amagunya omthetho.

Ukwakha iBipartisan kunye neNdlela yokuSebenza ePhandle

Imigudu emide yokunciphisa ukwenziwa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye nokwakha ulwalamano olunqamlezileyo lungenza iilock ezifa kwimithetho zingabi mancinci kwaye zibe mandundu xa zisenzeka. Iinkqubo ezizisa izilungisi-mthetho kunye kwizicwangciso ezingezo zexesha elide, ezifana nenkxwaleko yehlabathi lonke, imigaqo ehlengahlengisa, kunye namava okhokelo asebenzisanayo, zingenza ulwalamano lobuqu olubangela ukulalanisa kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuququzelela intsebenziswano ye-bipartisan ngobuchule obufana nokwakhiwa kwemithetho edityanisiweyo okanye iinkqubo zomelo lolwahlulo-mthetho zinganciphisa intloko efileyo ngamaxabiso amanye amaxabiso edemokhrasi. Utshintsho olusemgangathweni olunciphisa iingenelo zeemeko ezigqithisileyo zomanyano olugqithisileyo kunye nobungcathu obunokufak' isandla kwimeko-bume yemithetho elungelelanisiweyo elungelelanisiweyo elungelelanisiweyo kwixesha elide.

Isiphelo: Izicelo zoLawulo lweDemocratic

Iintloko ezifak ’ umthetho aziyongxaki nje yomthetho; zimela imingeni esisiseko kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa amaqumrhu owiso-mthetho engakwazi ukuthatha inyathelo, idinga elisisiseko ledemokhrasi lokuba abemi banokucombulula iingxaki zabo ezimanyeneyo ngamaziko abameli libuzwa. Iintloko ezithe kratya zinokuphelisa ukuthemba uluntu kurhulumente, ziphembelela ukuphembelela ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo echasene nomthetho, zenze iindawo zokuvula ezinye ezisetyenziswa yidemokhrasi ezithembisa inyathelo eligqibelelayo ngaphandle kweenkqubo zedemokhrasi.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwemiqathango yowiso-mthetho kunye neziphumo zenkqubo kawonke-wonke zintsonkothile kwaye zidityanisiwe. Ngoxa intloko-ntloko ingathintela umthetho ongxamisekileyo okanye ongekasungulwa kakuhle, ngokufuthi iphumela ekungamilisweni kwenkqubo, kwiindleko zezoqoqosho, kunye nokuthotywa kwemigangatho yedemokhrasi. Ucelomngeni lweenkqubo zedemokhrasi kukuyila amaziko nokuphuhlisa izithethe zezobupolitika ezenza ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngaphandle kokukhubazeka amalungu omzimba, ukhuphiswano ngaphandle kokunqanda, kunye nengxoxo ngaphandle kokungalungelelani.

Ekugqibeleni, ulwamkelo lokuphelisa ulawulo lwezigwebo lufuna kungekuphela nje utshintsho olungokwesithethe kodwa ukuzinikela okutsha kumaxabiso okulalanisa, ukuhlonelana, kunye nokwabelana ngoxanduva olusisiseko lolawulo-demokhrasi. Njengoko ukwanda kolawulo-mpukane lwezobupolitika kuya kwanda, ukukwazi ukulawula nokucombulula iimfazwe zemithetho kuya kuba ngundoqo ongakumbi kwimpilo nokuxhaswa yidemokhrasi. Ukuqonda indlela iintambo ezifayo ezichaphazela ngayo inkqubo kawonke wonke ngoko akuyo nje iziphumo zemfundo kodwa kuyimfuneko kumntu ozinikele ekulawuleni ngempumelelo nolawulo lwedemokhrasi olunee.

Ukuqhubeka kufundwa kulo mxholo, iNtetho ipapashe uphando olunzulu ngenkqubo yohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kunye ne-wildrock yemithetho ye-octivation , ihlola izisombululo ezinokwenzeka zokuphumelela kwelo qhina elifileyo kwimeko-bume entle kakhulu. Ukongeza, [ uhlalutyo lwemibutho yemibutho ekhoyo ye-officricalication lunika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zoqingqo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo-mthetho [[FLT]], olunomthombo oqhelekileyo wemiqathango eUnited States. [[FLT]