Imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo isekelwe kwinkqubela-phambili yesizwe, ibumba ubuchule kunye nolwazi lwezizukulwana ezizayo. Kodwa olona tshintsho luzinzileyo lusoloko lungaphoxekanga ngenxa yeenjongo ezipholileyo kodwa ngenxa yezixhobo zolawulo ezikhokelayo. Indlela igunya elisasazwa ngayo, izigqibo zenziwe ngayo, kwaye ubuncwane bunikwa impembelelo enzulu yokuba inkqubo iphumeza impembelelo yayo ecetyiweyo okanye ihlale iluxwebhu kwishelefu. Ukuqonda ezi misebenzi zisebenzayo ziyimfuneko kubafundisi, abalawuli, kunye nabenzi bemithetho abafuna ukuyila iinkqubo ezisebenzayo nezingatshintshiyo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokulawula iimodeli zemfundo, i-frizenegalved, kunye ne-driveltic , projectalssss shortss nohlaluko lwezoshishino-o-o-off i-off ebandakanye.

Ukuqonda Imigaqo Yolawulo Kwimfundo

Ulawulo lwemfundo lubhekisela kwiinkqubo, iinkqubo, kunye namaziko apho kwenziwa khona izigqibo eziphathelele imfundo zize ziphunyezwe. Luquka yonke into ukusuka kwimigangatho yokufundisa kunye nesiqinisekiso sokufundisa kwimali yesikolo kunye nemigaqo yokuphendula. Iintlobo ezintathu ezibanzi zemfundo zisembindini, zilungelelanisiwe, zidibene, kwaye zixutyiwe. Imodeli nganye inikela iingenelo neengozi ezahlukileyo ezibangelwa yinkqubo yokuyila.

Ulawulo oluPhakathi

Kwinkqubo ezisembindini, igunya lemfundo likwindawo yesizwe okanye yesizwe. Ubulungiseleli bemfundo bumisela iinkqubo zokufundisa, bumisela iimfaneleko zokufundisa, bumisela iimfaneleko zokufundisa, ukwaba ooxanduva, kunye nokujonga uvavanyo. Amazwe anjengeFransi, iJapan, kunye neSingapore asebenza phantsi kwalo mzekelo, apho i-ekhodi kunye nempumelelo ixabiseke khona. Umgangatho wemfundo ungaqinisekisa ukuba umfundi ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ummandla, ufumana imfundo elungelelene nemigangatho yesizwe. Kwakhona unika ingqwalaselo: abagcini-mali bayazi kakuhle ukuba yeyiphi into ebeke iziphumo. Noko ke, izikolo kunye nemidabini ephantsi ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni imigaqo ekhethekileyo ethetha ukutshintsha ulwimi kwimimandla yezorhwebo okanye ukusabela kwimidanganiso engxamisekileyo.

Ulawulo olusemthethweni

I-United States, Canada, kunye ne-Finland (enolawulo olunamandla lwephondo), i-dentical dentivation transmitted winds winds winds winds. Amagunya ongingqi ayayilungisa iklasi, aqesha abafundisi-zibonelelo, kwaye anike imali esekelwe kwiimfuno zoluntu. Abaxhasi baphikisana noku kukhuthazwa kwemodeli, inkcazo, kunye nokusabela. Umzekelo, izikolo kwinkqubo elungeleleneyo elungeleleneyo yephondo, zingasebenzisana neshishini lasekuhlaleni ukuvelisa iinkqubo ezithetha ngokuthe ngqo ngezakhono zengingqi. Ukanti, ubuchule obunye obunokuvelisa iimfuno zoluntu. Imimandla yobutyebi idla ngokunyusa ingeniso engakumbi ngerhafuthensi, ngoxa imimandla ehlwempukile inika izibonelelo ezingundoqo. Ngokuthe kraptyo, ukutshonisa okunzima, ukuqinisekisa ukudibana kwemiqatha yemali yesizwe.

Ulawulo Oluchuliweyo Okanye Oluxutyiweyo

Amazwe amaninzi amkela umzekelo oxutyiweyo ozama ukudibanisa iinzuzo zombini ukuhlaziywa nokubekwa kakuhle kwemithetho. Ngokomzekelo, uBukumkani bomZandla bumisela imigangatho yokufundisa kunye nolawulo lwesizwe (iOfisi yemigangatho kwimfundo, okanye i-Ofisi) ngexesha izinika izikolo inkululeko engundoqo kwiimeko zoqingqo-mali kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa. I-Australia yahlula iimbopheleleko phakathi korhulumente (ukuhlolwa, uhlolo-lwazi lwesizwe) kunye nemithetho-rejiyokufundisa). Iinkqubo ezi-grabharidi zifuna ukulondoloza imigaqo emiselweyo ngemigaqo esisiseko engundoqo echazwe ngaphakathi ngoxa zisenza kube lula ukutshintsha kwemeko yasekuhlaleni. Noko ke, zibeka ubomi obuntsonkothile kunye nemidabini ye-mali. Xa omabini amagunya equmganeyo ne-yo, ii-parality, ii-eacentine ze-eactive.

Indlela Okukuyo Ukusetyenziswa Komgaqo-nkqubo Wolawulo

Ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yemfundo kulapho idibana khona nenyaniso. Ulawulo lumisela isantya, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokulingana okumiswa kuko. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nokuqheliswa kweklasi unciphile xa ulawulo luhambelana neenjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Umzekelo, utshintsho olucetyiswayo olusenyongweni lungaphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke izikolo kwilizwe, kodwa lungasilela ukuba abafundisi-bafundisi- ntsapho abanankxaso okanye izixhobo zasekuhlaleni. Ngokuphikisana noko, inkqubo elungiselelweyo isenokuphumelela kuluntu olunye kwaye i-Flobster kwenye indawo ngenxa yemiqathango yemali.

Ubuchule nokuphendula

Ulawulo olusembindini lungaphumelela ngokusebenza kakuhle ngokwenza izigqibo. ESingapore, uMphathiswa wemfundo angaqhuba inkqubo entsha yezibalo kwizikolo ezimbalwa, avavanye iziphumo, aze alinganisele isantya kumhlaba wonke kunyaka omnye wemfundo. Isantya esinjalo sinokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba igunya lidibene kwaye oovimba badibene. Ukubekwa kwetyala kucacile: iimpendulo zepalamente kunye nezibonelelo zenkqubo kawonke wonke. Noko ke, iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni zingaba zinokuba yibhotile, kodwa kumgangatho ophezulu. Iplani yaseyunivesithi enye inokuba ne-boardingscss. Ukuvulela utshintsho oluphakathi lungathatha iminyaka ukuqhubana njengeqela lemibutho yezakhono, abalawuli beyunivesithi, kwaye abalawuli beyunivesithi,......

Ukulingana nofikelelo

Ukuhambela phambili kwemfundo kuthetha ukuba impumelelo yomfundi ayimele ixhomekeke kwinani lakhe, kwi-screens, okanye kwingeniso yoluntu. Iinkqubo zolawulo zinokuchaphazela kakhulu enoba iinkqubo zelizwe laseFinland ziphumele le njongo. Iinkqubo zobunkunkqele zinokugunyazisa ukuba zonke iimali zikarhulumente zaseJapan zisekelwe kwinkqubo yokuba inombolo yabafundi nerhafu yasekuhlaleni, inciphisa imilinganiselo yemithetho yasekuhlaleni ekhoyo. Ngokunjalo, iinkqubo zelizwe la Finland ziqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana bafunda ngemibandela engundoqo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi. Noko ke, ukubekwa kwemali ephakathi kwezikolo kusenokubeka ityala kumgangatho omnye wemali ephantsi kwemali efunekayo efunekayo, ngaphandle kwemibutho elikhoyo, apho irhafuze khona, iinkorhorho eninzi, eninzi khona, eninzi kwezoqoqosho, eninzi kwezoqoqosho, naphantsi koorhulumente boluntu abahlala phantsi kwemimandla ephantsi, apho imimandla ephantsi kwezoqoqosho, apho ingakumbi, iinkovovo ekhoyo, nangona ingakumbi, ingakumbi kweminye imimandla ekhoyo, imimandla ekhoyo, ingakumbi, imimandla e

Ukuhlaziywa nokuziqhelanisa

Iinkqubo zemfundo kufuneka ziguquke ukuze zihlangabezane neemeko ezitshintshayo zezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Izakhiwo zolawulo ziphembelela indlela obukhawuleza ngayo obu buchule obuphucukileyo. Iimodeli zendalo: izikolo okanye isithili ngasinye zingazama ukufunda ngendlela elungeleleneyo, ukukhuphisana, okanye ubuchule bokusebenza ngaphandle kokulinda igunya lesizwe. Izikolo eziqendu eUnited States kunye nezikhululweyo ziyakwazi ukubutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Noko ke, ukunyuka kwempumelelo kwendlela yokusebenza kwinkqubo elungeleleneyo ekwindlela elungeleleneyo, enzima. Inkqubo ethembisayo kwingingqi yemfundo ekhoyo isenokungaze yandeze nanini yegunya okanye ulawulo lokuyidlulisela. Iinkqubo ezisembindini zokuyila, zingazama ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yobuchule epheleleyo yelizwe lonke. Iinkqubo ze-Singapore, ukuqwalasela okuxhobisayo, ukucinelisa ukucinga okunzima phakathi kwezikolo. Imfundo ezithe zamazwe amaninzi ziyakwazi ukuzama ukuzama ukuzama ukuzama ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yobuchule yoontando yolwazi olunamandla.

Uphando lwetyala: Uhlalutyo lweNkcazo

Singapore: Ukungenelwa Kwasembindini Kukuchanabeka Kwasekuhlaleni

Inkqubo yemfundo yaseSingapore idla ngokukhankanywa njengemodeli yempumelelo ephambili. ISebe lemfundo lilawula izifundo, uqeqesho lomfundisi- ntsapho, ukumiswa kwezifundo, kunye neengqwalasela zesizwe. Eli gunya lisemgangathweni liye lanceda ukuphunyezwa okukhawulezileyo kweenguqu kwiindawo ezinjengemfundo ephindaphindwa ngezihlandlo ezimbini kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-STEM. Umzekelo, xa urhulumente wachaza imfuneko yokuba abafundi abaninzi baqhubeke befuna i-comma, i-projectives, ibone iziphumo zemfundo yesizwe, ilungiselelwe uqeqesho, kunye nezikolo ezinezixhobiso ezinazo ezineenkqubo zokulawula eziphakathi, ngezantsi kweminyaka emithathu. Noko ke, iSingapore ifaka iintsomi ephambili yovavanyo olunempumelelo, izikolo ezivumelekileyo kufundiswa ukuba zivunyelwe ukuba zibonelele uqeqesho oluphezulu, kwaye umgangatho ophezulu woqeqesho lwemfundo olusebufundisi-PIS, umgangatho ophezulu, umgangatho othe umgangatho othe uqhubekeka ukuba uhambelelo oluthe unyuke.

IFinland: Ukuthemba okungagqibeleliyo ngeNkokeli yeSizwe

Inkqubo yokulawula yaseFinland idla ngokuchazwa “njengezifundo ezithe chatha, ukuphunyezwa okufanelekileyo.” I-Agency ye-National for Education imisela iinjongo ezibanzi kunye neemfuno ezingundoqo zokufundisa, kodwa oomasipala nezikolo bagqiba indlela yokufundisa, yokukhetha izinto, nokunika ixesha. Ootitshala, abafunde kakhulu nabathembekileyo, banandipha ukuzilawula kwiiklasi zabo. Esi sakhiwo siye sakhuthaza ukuphuhliswa: iFinland yaba ngumxhasi wemfundo ephambili yemfundo esekelwe kwimfundo, apho abafundi bafunda imixholo enqamlezileyo. I-Decentralgation ivumela izikolo ukuba zisebenzisane neeyunivesithi kunye namashishini asekuhlaleni. Noko ke, iFinland igcina izimele ngokulinganayo ukuxhaswa kwemali kunye nenkqubo yokhuseleko exhobisayo exhobisayo, ixhomekeke kumgangatho ophakamileyo wobuhlwempuzelo. Iziphumo zisoloko zisebenza ngokunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-ntle kwe-Finland i-evovom, i-emol, i-emodus, i-eventivent, i-ence, i-ence i-encel elungele

IUnited States: Ukuthotywa Kwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Nokungahlukani

I-United States ibonakalisa iingozi zokuthotywa kwesidima esigqithisileyo. Imfundo ingumsebenzi wesizwe kunye nemithetho yasekuhlaleni ephethe indima elinganiselweyo (nangona oku kwanda ngemisebenzi enzima (iindawo inguNo Child Leat Bend ne-Everse Wour Scept Act). Kukho isithili sesikolo esingaphezulu kwe13 000, ngasinye esinebhodi yaso, uqingqo-mali, kunye nemigaqo-mthetho. Oku kuqheke kwakhokelela kwimimandla ebanzi: imimandla ekwiziphakameleyo eqeshini ephezulu: imimandla ephezulu eqeshiweyo ichitha ngaphezu kwama-$20 000 000 ngonyaka, ngexesha ezinye imimandla zasemaphandleni nezixeko zisebenzisa ii-R3 000 ngokweeawundicene. Ukusebenza kwemithetho yomthetho kuyahluka-nqabileyo. Ulawulo lwemfundo lwamazwe oluntu lwawonke, ngokomzekelo, kunye nokuxhaswa kwemiqatha kwemibutho yemfundo yamazwe athenwa ngamandla. Kodwa, kucelwa ukuba i-ogne.

Iingcebiso zabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo

Akukho modeli inye yolawulo igqibeleleyo. Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwimbali yelizwe, izithethe zenkcubeko, umbilini, kunye neenjongo. Noko ke, imigaqo ethile ingakhokela kakuhle ukuyila. Okokuqala, indima ecacileyo ibalulekile. Nokuba kusembindini okanye kumgangatho ofanelekileyo, abagcini-mathikithi kufuneka bazi ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lweziko lwemali. Okwesibini, ubuchule bemali-mali ekhoyo kufuneka bakhelwe kwisakhiwo solawulo. Xa i-ongingqi yengingqinileyo ithe yaziswa, ingxowa-mali ephakathi iyakwazi ukukhusela izibonelelo zovimba. Isiseko solawulo esisembindini okanye esifanelekileyo siquka iirhintyelo. Iinkqubo zobunkunkqele ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zingene kwibhunga lokusebenza kwabeko; iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zingenelwe kwimigangatho yesizwe kunye neenkqubo zolwazi.

Isiphelo

Ulwakhiwo olulawulayo lwenkqubo yemfundo asiyonto nje yolawulo kuphela, kodwa luyintlukwano enamandla yokuba ngaba utshintsho luphumelele okanye lungaphumeleli. Iinkqubo ezisembindini zinika isantya, ubufana, nokuziphendulela okucacileyo kodwa zibeka umngcipheko oqinileyo kunye nokungabi naluzwela kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni. Iinkqubo zemfundo ezithelekisayo zikhuthaza ubugcuntswana, ukutshintsha, nokudibana kwebutho labantu kodwa zinokuvelisa imiqobo edibalwayo. Iimodyulidi ezizi zizama ukuvala ezi ngxiniphi kodwa zifuna ulungelelwano olucothayo. Njengoko utshintsho lwehlabathi lutshintsha-teklu, ukufuduka, kunye noxinzelelo lwemozulu — iinkqubo zemfundo zombi zimele zozibike ngokwaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukugcina imilinganiselo kunye nokusebenza ngokwaneleyo. Abenzi benkqubo abanamandla kufuneka balawule njengesixhobo esiqinileyo, enye i-embaleko, ilungelene, i-enzamente-e-e-e-embal ecacileyo, kodwa banokuphumelela ngokucacileyo, kodwa ke banokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, bona ingxelo ye-OECD malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wonikezelo we-Outlook, uhlalutyo lweBhanki yehlabathi ukwenziwa kwe-expartial kunye nemfundo , kunye nohlolo lothelekiso [[FLT:] olukwi-'4] uqukuqelo kunye nolwelo [[FLT][FLT] ukusuka kwiJourge of Education Polic.