Table of Contents

Imithetho yamalungelo abantu yeyona nto ingundoqo kwibutho elisesikweni nelilinganayo, iqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu bafumana ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo phantsi komthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuba baluphi na uhlanga, ubufanasini, unqulo, iziphene, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. Ukugcinwa kwale mithetho akuyonkqubo nje engqinelanayo kodwa ngumgudu osebenzayo, oqhubekayo obandakanya amaqumrhu amaninzi karhulumente, iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zomthetho, kunye nobuncwane obunikezelweyo. Ukuqonda indlela oorhulumente abawanyanzela ngayo imithetho yamalungelo abantu kuyimfuneko nabani na ofuna ukukhusela amalungelo abo, ukuthethelela abanye, okanye ukuqonda nje iindlela ezikhusela umanyano kwibutho lanamhlanje.

Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlolisisa indlela entsonkothileyo imithetho yamalungelo abantu enyanzeliswa ngayo eUnited States, luhlolisisa abameli abaphambili ababandakanyekileyo, iinkqubo abazenzayo, iziseko ezisemthethweni ezibanika amandla, kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu eMerika yanamhlanje.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko nesomthetho samalungelo abemi

Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu eUnited States kusekelwe kwisiseko somGaqo-siseko esiqinileyo nesomthetho oye waguquka ngokuphawulekayo ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini. UmGaqo-siseko ngokwawo, ngokukodwa kuMthetho-siseko olinganayo we-14th Communifity Procesme Clause kunye neSibonelelo soMphengululo sesihlanu, simisela umgaqo-siseko wokuba urhulumente akanakukwazi ukukhanyela abantu abanokukhuselwa phantsi komthetho.

Ngaphandle komthetho-siseko, iKhomishini iye yamisela imimiselo emininzi ephawulekayo ekwalela ucalucalulo kunye nokumiswa kwenkqubo yokunyanzelisa. ISivumelwano samaLungelo saMalungelo esi-1964 simi njengowona mthetho wamkelekileyo wamalungelo abantu, mhlawumbi ekwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwibala, imibala, unqulo, isini, nemvelaphi yesizwe emsebenzini, imfundo, neendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke. Isihloko VII salo Mthetho sibhekisa ngokukhethekileyo kucalucalulo lwemisebenzi kwaye sasungula i-Aumedial Obbecliction Option Commission yokwenza amalungiselelo ayo.

Eminye imithetho erhabaxa karhulumente iquka uMthetho waMalungelo owe-1965, okhusela ilungelo lokuvota ukukhululeka kucalucalulo lobuhlanga; uMthetho weFair Houses Act wowe-1968, olwalela ucalucalulo kwizindlu; amaMerika anoMthetho weNguquko ka1990, oqinisekisa ukufumaneka nokuvukelwa kwamathuba alinganayo kubantu abaneziphene; kunye noMthetho weNtlalo-Msebenzi we1967, okhusela abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu kucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kubudala.

Le mithetho ithetha ngocalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, nemvelaphi yesizwe kwiindawo ezifana namalungelo okuvota, ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu, kwanethuba elifanayo kwimfundo, emsebenzini nakumakhaya.

Imicimbi yomanyano ijongene nokunyanzelwa kwamalungelo asekuhlaleni

Ukugcinwa kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu kubandakanya uthungelwano lwamaziko karhulumente, ngalinye elinemithetho ekhethekileyo kunye neembopheleleko ezithile. Ukuqonda ukuba liliphi isebe elilawula uhlobo localulo olubalulekileyo kuye nabani na ofuna ukuchaza isikhalazo okanye ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo oorhulumente.

IKhomishini yamathuba oMsebenzi alinganayo (EOC)

I-Aumencial Opportunity Commission isebenza njengequmrhu eliyintloko lesizwe elijongene nokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho echasene nocalulo emsebenzini. IKhomishini ye-Aumente Yomsebenzi inyanzelisa imithetho eyahlukeneyo ye-Opportopportity Isalathisa ukuba kubekho ucalucalulo kwimisebenzi ngenxa yobuhlanga, imibala, isini, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubudala, okanye ukukhubazeka. Igunya le-EOC lifikelela kubaqeshishina nabaqeshi abane-15 okanye abangaphezulu ngenxa yokucalucalucalucalucalulo oluninzi, nangona i-ADricaluety inSclict isebenza kubaqeshi nabaqeshi abangama-20 okanye abangaphezulu.

Abaqeshi abaqeshi abali-15 okanye ngaphezulu abaqeshi abaqeshwayo bayakwalelwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zenkqubo yokuqeshwa nokuqeshwa: isicelo somsebenzi, ukuqeshwa, ukudubula, ukukhuthaza, ukuqeqesha, ukuhlawulwa, okanye nawaphi na amanye amagunya, amalungelo, okanye iimeko zomsebenzi. I-EOC ayiphengululi nje kuphela izikhalazo zomntu ngamnye kodwa ikwanegunya lokubhala amatyala ngenxa yamaxhoba ajongene nocalucalucalulo nokuqhubeka nophando olungokwenkqubo lwabaqeshi abasebenzisa ideshina.

I-EEOC isebenza ngothungelwano lwee-ofisi zasemasimini kulo lonke elase-United States, yenza iinkonzo zayo zifikeleleke kubasebenzi kwilizwe lonke. Le nkqubo ikwanika abaqeshi ukhokelo lokuthobela imithetho elwa nolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuqhuba iinkqubo zemfundo, nokupapasha amanani okunyanzelisa nokukhokela okunceda ukuphuhlisa imisebenzi kwimizi - mveliso emininzi.

ISebe leMicimbi yeSizwe

ISebe leSivumelwano samaLungelo esiSimi se-Politiki Amalungelo abantu ligunyaze imimandla emininzi yamalungelo abantu. Imithetho yamalungelo abantu ingakukhusela ekucalucalulweni ngokungekho mthethweni, ekuhlukunyezweni, okanye ekuxhatshazweni ngokweendidi zezicwangciso ezifana nezindlu, indawo yomsebenzi, isikolo, isikolo, ishishini, inkxalabo yezonyango, iindawo zikawonke wonke, nezinye. Icandelo lilungelelaniswe kumacandelo akhethekileyo agxininisa kwimimandla ethile yokunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu.

Ukwahlulwa kweembopheleleko zokwahlula kubandakanya ukunyanzelisa i-Fair House Act, ukuvavanya ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo, ukukhusela amalungelo okuvota, ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwimfundo okulinganayo, ukuphendula ihambo engafanelekanga yamapolisa kunye neemeko kwizakhiwo zokukhuselwa, nokuqinisekisa amaMerika ngezenzo zokukhubazeka kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye neenkonzo zikarhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo ne-EEOC, ngokuyintloko esingatha izikhalazo zocalucalulo, iSebe leMithetho-mthetho lisoloko lilandela imiba ebandakanya ucalulo oluchaphazela amaqela amakhulu abantu.

Isebe linceda lonke urhulumente wesizwe ukuba asebenze kunye ukunyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu, kunye namanye amaqela asebenza namanye amaziko ukukhuthaza indlela elungelelaniso elungelelaniswa ngayo imithetho yamalungelo abantu. Le ndima iqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu kusoloko kuhambelana namaziko neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente.

I-Ofisi yamaLungelo aMasipala kumaSebe ahlukeneyo

Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente agcina iOfisi yawo yaMalungelo e-Civil (OCR) ukuze anyanzelise imithetho echasene nocalucalulo kwimimandla yawo ekhethekileyo yolawulo. Ngokomzekelo, iSebe le-Ofisi yezemfundo yaMasipala kuMalungelo e-Ovinial, linyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu kumaqumrhu emfundo afumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente, ithetha ngocalucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ubulwelwelwe, kunye nobudala ezikolweni naseyunivesithi.

ISebe lezempilo neSebe leeNkonzo zoLuntu zaMalungelo aBantu linyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu kwizicwangciso zonyango, liqinisekisa ukuba abaguli abacalucalulwayo kwiinkonzo zonyango, zezonyango, okanye zokufumana iinkonzo zezonyango. ISebe leSebe lezezolimo loMxhasi we-Ofisi yaMalungelo oMsebenzi linyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu e-USDA-A egunyaziweyo, ithetha ngokucalucalucalucalulo kwiinkqubo ezinjengoncedo lokutya.

I-Ofisi yamaLungelo aMasipala yindawo ephambili kuwo onke amalungelo abantu, iinkqubo zamathuba alinganayo, nokuvuma imisebenzi kwiSebe leSizalo, ibonisa indlela isebe ngalinye eligcina ngayo ubuchule bokunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu kwindawo elibekelwe yona imbopheleleko.

IKhomishini yaseMelika eMalungelweni aBantu

Nangona ingeyombutho wokwandiswa kwamalungelo abantu ngokwengqiqo esithethe, iKhomishini eLawulayo eUnited States idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimiba ekhuthaza ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu. IKhomishini yase-U.S. eMalunga namalungelo abantu (USCCCC) yazisa ukuphuhliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yamalungelo abantu kunye nokukhuthazwa komthetho wamalungelo abantu besizwe. IKhomishini iqhuba uphando, ibamba amatyala, kunye neengxelo eziphathelele amalungelo abantu, inikela ingcebiso kwiiNkokeli nakuMphathiswa-mikhosi yamalungelo abantu.

IKhomishini ijonge ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu beKhomishoni yesizwe ijonge ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu yaye izisa imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, ngenkxaso evela kwiiKomiti zeSizwe, isebenza njengendlu ehlambululayo yesizwe ukunyusa ukuqwalaselwa koluntu ngemibandela yamalungelo abantu. Ngorhulumente wayo, iKhomishini ihlola imicimbi yamalungelo abantu kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kwaye izisa ingqalelo ekuvezeni inkxalabo yamalungelo abantu esenokufuna ukuthathwa kwemithetho-mthetho okanye ukugcinwa komthetho.

ISebe loKhuseleko lwaMakhaya kuMalungelo aMasipala kunye neNkululeko yaMasipala

I-Ofisi yaMalungelo e-Politiki kunye neSikhundla soLuntu saBantwana inika icebiso elisemthethweni nenkqubo kukhokelo lwe-DHS kumalungelo asekuhlaleni neembambano zenkululeko yabemi, kwaye iphanda kwaye icombulula izikhalazo, ixhasa umsebenzi weSebe wokulondoloza uhlanga ngoxa ulondoloza inkululeko yomntu ngamnye, okusesikweni, nokulingana phantsi komthetho. Le ofisi ithetha ngeenkxalabo zamalungelo abantu ekunyanzelweni kolawulo lwabemi, ukhuseleko lomda, neminye imisebenzi yokhuseleko lwelizwe.

URhulumente namalungelo asekuhlaleni anyanzeliswayo

Ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu asiyombopheleleko karhulumente. Amaphondo amaninzi nemimandla iye yamisela imithetho yawo yamalungelo abantu esoloko inikela ukhuseleko oluphangaleleyo kunomthetho karhulumente, yaye agcina amaziko okunyanzelisa le mithetho.

Amaziko alwela amalungelo abantu karhulumente, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiFair Accountings (FAPAs) okanye iiKhomishini yamaLungelo oluntu, anyanzelisa imithetho echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho. La masebe asoloko enegunya kubaphathi abancinane abangagutyungelwanga ngumthetho wesizwe, akhusela iindidi ezongezelelekileyo ezingagqunywanga yimimiselo karhulumente, kwaye asenokunika iindleko ezingafumaneki phantsi komthetho wesizwe.

IKhomishoni yaseConnecticut on Human Rights and Orporation imisa imithetho yesizwe ekwalela ucalucalulo kwimisebenzi, kwizindlu, kwiindawo zokuhlala, nakuthengwa kweetyala, ngokuthunyelelwa ukuphelisa ucalucalulo ngokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu nokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo abantu nokuhambisela phambili iinjongo zokufumana ithuba elilinganayo nokusesikweni kubo bonke abantu abakurhulumente ngemfundo nemfundo. Amasebe anjalo akhona kumazwe amaninzi, esungula umanyano olubanzi lwamalungelo abantu kumgangatho omninzi karhulumente.

Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nemimandla kukho amaziko agunyazisa imithetho elwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi, ebizwa ngokuba yiFair Atcountings (FEPAs), kunye ne-EOC kunye namanye ama-FEPAs asebenza ngokuhambelana ukuze athintele ukwenziwa kwemigudu yokulawula, apho ukuba ufaka ityala nge-EEOC okanye i-FEPA, ityala liya kubekwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-dipointscrective, enceda ukukhusela amalungelo eququzelelwa phantsi kwemibutho likarhulumente okanye urhulumente. Le nkqubo idipoyinti enye iqinisekisa ukuba abakhalazi abangayilahlekelwanga ngamalungelo abo phantsi kolawulo okanye umthetho orhulumente ngenxa yokuqulungela isebe eliphosakeleyo.

Amagosa asekuhlaleni agunyazisa amalungelo abantu nawo asezixekweni ezininzi nakwii-arhente ze-Ofisi ye-Ofisi ye-Ofisi ye-Ofisi yeNkcubeko yaMalungelo eNtshona Koloni, ukuqwalasela nokuhlola izindlu ezifanelekileyo, imisebenzi elinganayo nezikhalazo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke.

Indlela Yokubhala Ingxelo Yamalungelo Abantu: Iindlela Eziluncedo

Ukuqonda indlela yokukhalaza ngamalungelo abantu kubalulekile kuye nabani na okholelwa ukuba uye wacalucalulwa. Le nkqubo iyahluka kuxhomekeka kuhlobo localulo nakulawulo olugunyazisiweyo, kodwa kukho izinto ezithile eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu.

Ukuphelisa Ucalucalulo Lomsebenzi Ne - EEOC

Kubantu abakholelwa ukuba baye bafumana ucalucalulo emsebenzini, ukubekwa isityholo kwiEEOC lelokuqala. Isityholo socalulo sisiqinisekiso esityikitywe sisithi umbutho ocalucalulo lwemisebenzi nezicelo zeEEOC ukuba uthabathe inyathelo lokulungisa, kwaye imithetho enyanzeliswe nguEOC, ngaphandle kweSibonelo sePaso, ifuna ukuba ubhale ityala ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise icala ngenxa yocalucalulo olungekho mthethweni.

Le nkqubo iqala ngokunxibelelana ne-EEOC, enokwenziwa nge-intanethi yabo yePolitiki kawonke-wonke, ngokutyelela i-ofisi yasentsimini, okanye ngokufowunela inani layo elingahlawulwayo. Umthetho wocalucalulo ungagqitywa kwinkqubo ye-intanethi emva kokuba unikezele uphando lwe-intanethi kunye nodliwano-ndlebe lwe-EEOC, kunye ne-EEEOC's Portal ibuza imibuzo embalwa ukukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba i-EEOC ingumthombo olungileyo kusini na ukuba uphathe isikhalazo sakho esibandakanya nocalucalulo lwemisebenzi.

Ixesha libalulekile xa kusenziwa uxanduva lwe-EEOC. Kukho imida engqongqo yexesha lokugcina ityala, kwaye apho ucalulo lwenzeke khona ingagqiba ukuba kunini na ubeke ityala, ngexesha elimisiweyo lemali elikwi 180 leentsuku ezilishumi elinesithathu elinamashumi amathathu anesithathu iintsuku ezikhankanyiweyo ukuba urhulumente okanye umbutho wasekuhlaleni unyanzelisa urhulumente okanye umthetho wasekuhlaleni onqanda ucalulo lwemisebenzi ngesiseko esinye. Ukungalufumani olu thuba kungaphumela ekulahlekeni kwelungelo lokusukela ucalulo.

Xa belungiselela ukushicilela uxanduva, abantu kufuneka baqokelele uxwebhu olufanelekileyo olufana novavanyo lomsebenzi, iileta zokuphelisa, ii-imeyili, ulwazi lobungqina, kunye nalo nabuphina ubungqina obuxhasa intengiso yabo. Kuluncedo ukuzisa kwintlanganiso naluphi na ulwazi okanye amaphepha aza kunceda iEEOC iqonde imeko yakho, ngokungathi utshiswe ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho, ungazisa ileta okanye uqaphele ukuba ukhutshelwe ukuba ukhutshwe kwaye uvavanywe, ngokufanayo namagama abantu abaziyo ngoko kwenzekayo kunye nolwazi malunga nendlela yokuqhagamshelana nabo.

Uphando lwe-EEOC kunye nenkqubo yesigqibo

Xa ityala lithe labekwa, iEOC ilandela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuphanda nokucombulula isikhalazo. Imithetho enyanzeliswa yi-EEOC ifuna ukuba umqeshi azise ukuba ityala libekwe ngokuchasene naso. Le saziso sinika umqeshi ithuba lokuphendula kwizityholo.

IEOC isenokufuna iindlela ezininzi emva kokuba ityala lithenjiwe, isenokunika umlamli wokuzithandela apho umlamli ongathathi cala anceda khona amatheko ukuba angene kwikhaya lawo. Ukuba i-adismedia ayiphumeleli okanye ayiphumi, iEOC iya kuphanda ngesityholo, esisenokuquka ukucela amaxwebhu kumqeshi, ukubuza amangqina, nokutyelela emsebenzini.

Emva kokugqiba uphando lwayo, iEEOC iza kwenza isigqibo sokuba kukho isizathu esivakalayo sokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo luyenzeka. Ukuba iEEOC ifumana unobangela osengqiqweni, iyakuzama ukurhoxisa, isebenza namalungu omabini ukuze afumane indawo yokuhlala yokuzithandela. Ukuba ukubhaliswa kwetyala akuphumelelanga, iEEOC ingayimangalela i-tyala elo qela libophayo, nangona oku kwenzeka kwiphesenti encinane kuphela yamatyala.

Ukuba i-EEOC ayifumani sizathu esisengqiqweni okanye igqiba ekubeni ingaphindi i-ligasta, iya kukhupha i-"right to the station", evumela iqela elikhohlakeleyo ukuba lifake ityala kwinkundla yetyala yesizwe ngeentsuku ezingama-90. Oku kugcina ilungelo lomntu ngamnye lokusukela ityala lakhe nokuba iEOC ayithathi nyathelo libhekele phaya.

Abasebenzi abanocalucalulo

Abasebenzi abasebenza kunye nabacebisi bemisebenzi balandela inkqubo eyahlukileyo kuneyabasebenzi abasebenza kumacandelo angawodwa xa befaka izikhalazo zocalucalulo. Iinkqubo zokufaka isikhalazo socalulo ngokuchasene nesebe likarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zahlukile kwezo zokutyala umqeshi ozimeleyo okanye ongowaseburhulumenteni.

Inkqubo yecandelo le-EEO elikwicandelo le-EO elinomxholo ophezulu iqala ngeEEO. Abacebisi beEO banika inkcazelo kumntu oqeqeshiweyo ngokuphathelele indlela inkqubo yecandelo le-EEO esebenza ngayo, kuquka izakhelo zexesha kunye neenkqubo zokubhena, kwaye bazame ukuyicombulula ngokungacwangciswanga le meko, yaye kwiseko lokuqala lokucebisa, abacebisi kufuneka bacebise abantu ngabanye ngokubhala amalungelo abo neembopheleleko zabo kwinkqubo yeEO, kuquka ilungelo lokucela ukuviwa phambi komgwebi wequmrhu le-EOC okanye isigqibo sokugqibela kwicandelo elilandela ukupheliswa kwesikhalazo.

Ukuba le ngxaki ayiconjululwanga ngokucetyiswa, umntu usenokuyifaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni. Emva kokuba isikhalazo sakho siqatshelwe, iqumrhu liya kukuthumelela ileta eliyakuxelela ukuba unesikhalazo sakho, kwaye iqumrhu liya kuphinda libuyise isikhalazo sakho ligqibe enoba ityala lakho lifanele licinywe ngenxa yesizathu esivakalayo, kwaye ukuba isebe alikukhuphi ukukhalaza kwakho, liya kuphanda.

Iqumrhu lineentsuku ezili-180 ukusuka kumhla owafaka ngawo isikhalazo sakho ukuze ugqibe uphando lwalo. Emva kophando, umkhalazi angakhetha phakathi kokucela ukuchotshelwa phambi koMgwebi woLawulo lwe-EOC okanye ukucela isigqibo sokugqibela kumbutho. Kwientsuku ezingama-30, kufuneka ukhethe ukucela isigqibo sommeli wokugqibela okanye ukuchongwa nomgwebi wolawulo.

Inkqubo yecandelo lezwe elinorhulumente iquka amathuba amaninzi okubhena. Unelungelo lokubhena kumyalelo wokugqibela wombutho (kuquka umyalelo wokugqibela wokukhupha isikhalazo sakho) kwi-ofisi ye-EEOC yemisebenzi yoManyano, kwaye kufuneka ufake isibheno sakho iintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu emva kokuba ufumene ulungelelwano lokugqibela.

Izikhalazo Ezimnandi NeSebe Lokusesikweni

Xa kuthelekiswa nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu ngaphandle kwemeko yengqesho, abantu ngabanye banokubhala izikhalazo kwiSebe lamaLungelo eSizwe. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ucalucalulwe ngokungekho mthethweni, unokuxela ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, yaye ngokugqiba ifomu ye-intanethi, ungayinikela iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukuze uqonde oko kwenzekayo, kwaye uya kufumana inombolo eqinisekisiweyo yaye ingxelo yakho iya kuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kubasebenzi ukuze kuhlolwe.

ISebe leMithetho eBandleni lisingatha izikhalazo ezibandakanya ukucalucalulwa kwezindlu, ukwaphulwa kweendawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke, ukuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa, ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthiyileyo, ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo okuvota, nocalulo ngurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Amaqela aqhuba inkxalabo esingatha uhlobo lwakho aya kuluhlola, kwaye ukuba kufuneka athunyelwe kwelinye iqela okanye umbutho, aya kuzama ukunxibelela isikhalazo sakho kwiqela elifanelekileyo, ngeziphumo ezinokwenzeka kuquka ukulandela ulwazi olungakumbi, ukuqalisa ukusetyenziswa okanye ukuphengulula, ukukukhokelela kwenye intlangano ukuze ufumane uncedo olungakumbi, okanye ukukuxelela ukuba ayinako ukukunceda.

Iinkqubo zophando kunye neenkqubo

Uphando lwamalungelo oluntu lulandela iinkqubo ezimiselwe ukuqokelela ubungqina obufanelekileyo ngoxa kukhuselwa amalungelo abo bonke ababandakanyekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kunceda abo bakhalazayo nabaphendulayo ukuba bazi ukuba balindele ntoni xa bephanda.

Ubungqina Obuququzelelwayo Kuphando Lwamalungelo Abantu

Uphando olusemthethweni lokukhalaza ngocalulo luphando olusemthethweni oluphanda ngokuphanda okuphakanyiswa kwisikhalazo se-EEO, kwaye uphando lwe-EEO lungaquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana inyani ezifana nodliwano-ndlebe, ingqungquthela efumana inyaniso, izicelo zolwazi, ii-ancilicards, kunye/okanye ii-applications. Abaphandi-lwazi baqeqeshelwe ukuqokelela ubungqina ngaphandle kokugweba iziphumo.

Inkqubo yophando ayithathi cala, ithetha ukuba umphandi unyanzelekile ukuqokelela ubungqina ngaphandle kwale ndawo yomntu ongxengxezelayo kunye neendawo zommeli malunga nezinto zobungqina. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uphando lucokisekile kwaye lulungile, kuvavanywa ubungqina obunokuxhasa okanye buphikise izityholo zocalulo.

Abaphandi bafaka amaxwebhu afana neefayile zabasebenzi, ii-imeyili, iinkqubo, iinkqubo, iirekhodi zoqeqesho, kunye nolwazi lwezibalo malunga nokuqeshwa, ukunyuselwa okanye ukupheliswa. Baqhuba udliwano-ndlebe nomntu okhalazayo, abalahli bomkhohlisi-mkhalazo, abanikezi-zicaka, nabaenzi bezigqibo. Kwezinye iimeko, abaphengululi banokutyelela umsebenzi ukuze baphawule iimeko okanye imisebenzi enxulumene nesikhalazo.

Iindlela Zophando

Amaziko alwela amalungelo amakhaya asebenza phantsi kwemiqathango ethile yokugqiba uphando, nangona le mihla ingesoloko idityaniswa ngenxa yezithintelo zoovimba kunye neengxaki. Izicelo kufuneka zigqibe uphando ngeentsuku ezili-180 zokuphengululwa kwetyala, kwaye ukuba isikhalazo silungiswe okanye siqiniswe ngolunye ukukhalaza, uphengululo kufuneka lugqitywe iintsuku ezili-180 emva kokuvulwa kwesikhalazo sokugqibela okanye iintsuku ezingama-360 emva kokuvulwa kwesikhalazo sokuqala, esithe saqala nanini.

Ukuba isibonelelo asiphumeleli ukugqiba uphando lwaso kwisakhelo sexesha esifunekayo, abakhalazi baneenketho zokuhamba phambili. Ukuba ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-180 zidlula kwaye isibonelelo asikagqibi uphando lwaso, ungalinda umbutho ukuba ugqibe uphando lwaso, cela ukuchotshelwa, okanye ifayile yetyala kwinkundla yesithili yengingqi yorhulumente, kwaye xa ucela ukuchotshelwa, isikhalazo siya kusingathwa nguMgwebi we-EEOC Aunity.

Indima Yeendlebe Zolawulo

Amagosa anika abakhalazi ithuba lokubeka ityala labo phambi koMenzi wesigqibo ongakhethi buso. Kwinkqubo yecandelo le-EEO lesebe lesizwe, abakhalazi bangacela ukuchotshelwa phambi koMgwebi we-EOC. Ezi zimvo zifana nenkundla kodwa ziqhele ukuba zingekho semthethweni.

Ngaphambi kokuchongwa, amaqumrhu angabonisa ukufumanisa, kwaye injongo yokufumana into kukunika iqela ulwazi olufanelekileyo lokulungiselela imeko yeqela, neqela ngalinye ekuqaleni lithwele iindleko zalo zokufumana, ngaphandle kokuba uMgwebi woLawulo lufuna ukuba ummeli athwale iindleko zokufumana ii-fashoni okanye nayiphi na enye into efunyenweyo kuba iqumrhu lisilele ukugqiba uphando lwalo ngendlela efike ngexesha elifanelekileyo okanye lisilele ukuphanda ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuvakala kwale tyala kuthathwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yophando, kwaye kuvaliwe kuwonke wonke. Ngexesha lokuchotshelwa kwetyala, omabini amacala anganikela amangqina, azise amaxwebhu, aze enze iimpikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni. Ijaji yeSebe inikela isigqibo esisekelwe kubungqina obunikelweyo.

Iindlela Zokunyanga Nezenzo Zonyanzelo

Xa kufunyanwa ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, abameli banezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokucombulula ucalucalulo nokuthintela ukuphulwa kwemithetho yexesha elizayo. Ukuqonda amayeza akhoyo kunceda abo bakhalazayo bazi ukuba banokufumana ziphi iintlanga baze bancede imibutho iqonde imiphumo yokwaphula imithetho yamalungelo abantu.

Iindlela Zonyango Ngazinye

Iindlela zonyango kumalungelo abantu zijolise ekukwenzeni ixhoba liphelele kwaye libekwe kwimeko ebeliya kuba likwimeko yokuba belingenakuba nocalucalulo. Ezi zicombululo zisenokuquka ukubuyiselwa emva kwimivuzo elahlekileyo, ukubuyiselwa kwimeko apho umntu othile waphelelwa ngokuphosakeleyo, intlawulo ephambili xa ukubuyiselwa kungenakwenzeka, umonakalo wokubulala ngenxa yoxinezeleko lweemvakalelo kunye nezinye iingxaki ezingeyozezoqoqosho, kunye neziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwiimeko zocalucalulo lweqhinga.

Kwiimeko zokucalucalulo ngemisebenzi, amayeza asenokuquka ukunyuselwa kwindawo ekhatywa ngokuphosakeleyo, ukulungiswa kobukhulu okanye iingenelo, ukususwa kweziphumo ezingafanelekanga zokwenziwa okanye izenzo zokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kunye nendawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yokukhubazeka okanye imisebenzi yonqulo. Xa kufunyanwa ucalucalulo, isigqibo siya kuquka unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlangulwa.

Unyango lwenkqubo kunye noncedo olungasebenziyo

Ngaphandle konyango ngalunye, ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kusoloko kukhangela iinguqu ezicwangcisiweyo ukuze kuthintelwe ucalulo lwexesha elizayo. Ukuhlaziywa koncedo kusenokufuna ukuba imibutho itshintshe iinkqubo, izenzo, okanye iinkqubo ezinceda ucalucalulo. Oku kusenokuquka ukuphinda kuqashwe okanye kunyuswe iinkqubo, ukuzalisekisa okanye ukuphucula iinkqubo zokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuseka okanye ukomeleza inkqubo yokukhalaza, ukuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo lwezigqibo zemisebenzi, okanye ukumisela iingqinipho zokwalathisa ukuthobela.

Kwimiba yendlela yokwenza isimilo eziswa liSebe leSigwebo okanye iEEOC, imimiselo evumelayo isenokufuna utshintsho olubanzi lwentlangano, ukuqhubeka nokunika ingxelo kurhulumente, kunye namathuba okujonga andayo. Ezi nkqubo zonyango zijolise ekuguquleni inkcubeko kunye nezenzo zobugcisa ukuze kuthintelwe ucalucalulo ekuphindeni.

Ityala lemali kunye neMimandla

Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo amakhaya kungaphumela kwimiphumo ebalulekileyo yemali kwabaphulayo. Ukongeza kumonakalo ohlawulwa amaxhoba ngamanye, imibutho ingajamelana nesohlwayo sasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya ucalucalulo oluqhelekileyo okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho okungalinganiyo.

Amatyala amaninzi amalungelo abantu alungiswa ngezivumelwano zokulungisa ityala ngaphambi kokuba kufikelelwe kwityala okanye izigqibo zolawulo zokugqibela. Nanini na ngexesha lokukhalaza, iqumrhu lingathi lizinzise ukuphelisa isikhalazo sakho, akunyanzelekanga ukuba wamkele isicelo sokulungisa ityala, kwaye ukuba wena nesebe lizinzileyo ninokusilungisa isikhalazo senu, liya kugxothwa kwaye akukho nyathelo linye eliya kuthathwa, wena nesebe elifunekayo ukwenza oko uthembise ukukwenza. Inkxaso isenokuquka intlawulo yemali, iinguqu zenkqubo, iimfuno, imfuneko, kunye nezinye izicelo ezilungiselelwe ukusingatha ikhethelo elithile xa kuphakama.

Ucelomngeni Ekunyanzelweni Kwamalungelo Abemi

Nangona kukho imigaqo esemthethweni neyabelwe ukuzinikela, ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kusenokuthintelwa ekusebenzeni kwayo.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Amagosa agunyazisa amalungelo oluntu asoloko esebenza ngobuncwane obulinganiselweyo obunxulumene nomsebenzi wawo. Ngokomzekelo, iEEOC, ifumana amakhulu amawaka etyala ngonyaka kodwa inemiqathango yabasebenzi abalinganiselweyo kwaye inenkxaso encinane yokuphanda ngetyala ngalinye. Oku kusenokuphumela ekulibaziseni okundel

Imiqathango yemithombo ayichaphazeli nje kuphela imibutho karhulumente kodwa ikwachaphazela neekomishini yorhulumente namalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni, uninzi lwazo olulwisana nokungahlawulwa kakuhle kwemali kunye namagosa. Oku kusenokuthetha ukuba izikhalazo ezifanelekileyo azifumani ngqalelo ifanelekileyo okanye ukuba ukunyanzelisa kujoliswe kwimicimbi ethile kunokuba kujoliswe kwiingxaki ezingokwenkqubo.

Ukubonakalisa Ucalucalulo

Amatyala ocalucalulo adla ngokuvelisa imingeni ebalulekileyo. Ubungqina obungqalileyo benjongo yocalulo bunqabile, njengoko uninzi lwabalawuli bezahluleli lungabonisi ngokukhululekileyo intshukumisa ejongene neemvo ezibubuqhetseba. Endaweni yoko, ucalulo kufuneka luboniswe ngobungqina obuzintlukwano, imigaqo-manani, okanye ngokubonisa ukuba izizathu ezifanelekileyo ezinikelwayo ngezenzo ezichaseneyo zibhalwe kwangaphambili.

Uxanduva lobungqina kumatyala alwela amalungelo abantu lufuna abakhalazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucalucalulo luye lwabangela ukuba kwenziwe ucelomngeni. Oku kunokuba nzima xa izinto ezininzi ziphembelela izigqibo zemisebenzi okanye xa ucalucalulo lungaqondakali. Abalawuli abalawulwayo abalawulwayo basenokuyila izenzo zabo ukuze babonakale ngathi bangabathathi-nxaxheba ngoxa bephumeza iziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Inkxalabo Yokubuyiselwa

Ukoyika ukuziphindezela kuthintela abantu abaninzi ekumangaleni amalungelo abantu. Nangona umthetho karhulumente usithiye ukuba abantu abachasa ucalucalulo okanye abanenxaxheba ekufuneni amalungelo abantu, ukuphindezela kuyinto eqhelekileyo yaye kunzima ukungqina. Iindlela ezifihlakeleyo zokuziphindezelela, ezinjengokungafunwa kwabantu, izabelo zemisebenzi ezingafanelekanga, okanye ukujongwa ngokunzulu, zisenokungashiya bubungqina obucacileyo kodwa zinokuba yingozi ngokuphawulekayo kubantu abakhalazayo.

Umngcipheko wokuziphindezela uqatha kakhulu kubantu abakwizikhundla ezisengozini, njengabo bakwimeko eyingozi yomsebenzi, abaphambukeli, okanye abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezincinane apho imisebenzi ingekho ngqiqweni khona. Oku kubangela ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi lwamalungelo abantu lungaxelelwanga kwaye lungahlawulwa.

Iindlela Ezitshintshayo Zocalucalulo

Ucalucalulo lutshintsha njengoko ibutho litshintsha, lunika imingeni emitsha kubameli abanyanzelisayo. Ukubandlululwa kwemithetho-siseko, apho ubuchule obungeyoyamvelo kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswayo zivelisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga, ziphakamisa imibuzo emitsha ngenjongo, ukucalucalucalulo, kunye nemichiza. Ukuba nocalulo oluchaseneyo, apho abantu bajamelana nocalucalulo olusekelwe kwiempawu ezininzi ezikhuselwe ngaxeshanye, kunokuba nzima ukuhlangabezana nocalucalulo olulungiselelwe kwiminyaniso olukwiminye yemigca ehamba ngeenqwelo moya.

Iingxaki ezinjengocalucalulo olusekelwe kwiempawu zomntu, kwimizila yemfuza, okanye kwisikhundla esinyamekela abo banyamekela abantu zivavanya imida yemithetho yamalungelo abantu ekhoyo yaye zifuna ukuba amaziko afumane ulwalathiso olutsha nokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bafanele banyangwe.

Imigudu Yokuzibhokoxa Nokukhusela

Nangona ukunyanzeliswa kokukhalazelwa kwetyala kusengundoqo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu, amaziko agxininisa ngokungakumbi ukuthobela nokukhusela okuqhubekayo. Le migudu ifuna ukuthintela ucalucalulo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke kunokuba kuqhutywe nje ngokuchaswa kwamalungelo abantu emva kwesibakala.

Uncedo lobuchule nokhokelo

Amaziko alwela amalungelo abantu anikela uncedo olunzulu lobugcisa ekuncedeni imibutho echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kuquka ukupapasha amaxwebhu olwalathiso achaza iimfuno zomthetho, anika iinkqubo zokuqeqesha abaqeshi nabasebenzi, aqhuba ii-odar kunye neenkampani zokubhula ngemibandela elandelwayo, kwaye alungiselela iinkonzo zokunxibelelana nemibutho efuna ukuphucula iindlela zayo.

Ngokomzekelo, iEEOC, ipapasha ulwalathiso olubanzi ngemibandela efana nendawo yonqulo yokuhlala, ucalulo lokukhulelwa, kunye nokuthintelwa kokukhathazwa ngokweenkqubo. ISebe leJaji linika iincwadi zobugcisa zoncedo lokuthobela amaMerika noMthetho weNkxalabo yokukhubazeka. Ezi zixhobo zinceda imibutho iqonde iimfuno zayo ize isebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo elwa nokungalawuleki.

Uphando lwenkqubo kunye noonobumba bomlinganiselo

Kunokuba anikele ingqalelo kwizikhalazo zomntu ngamnye, amasebe anyanzelisa ukuba abantu bafumane ingcebiso, enza uphando olujongene neenkampani, abaqeshi okanye iindlela zokukhetha.

Ityala elilandela imigaqo elisetyenziswayo livumela amaziko alungise ucalucalulo ngokunempumelelo kunenkqubo yomntu ngamnye yokukhalaza. Ityala elinye linokucombulula ucalucalulo oluchaphazela bonke abasebenzi nokumisela imizekelo ephembelela izenzo kulo lonke ushishino.

Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nohlalutyo

I-EEOC ifuna abaqeshi abaninzi ukuba bangenise iingxelo zaminyaka le eziqulethe inkcazelo echaza ucalulo. ISebe leJaji lihlolisisa inkcazelo yokuvota ukuze kubonwe amalungelo okuvota.

Le ndlela yokwenziwa kolwazi ivumela abameli ukuba baphawule iingxaki ngokuqhubekayo kunokuba balinde izikhalazo zomntu ngamnye. Ikwanceda abameli ukuba balinganisele inkqubela ekufumaneni ithuba elilinganayo nokubona iindawo apho kufuneka ukunyanzeleka komthetho okanye ukungenelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo.

Indima Yokunyanzeliswa Kwabantu

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kumela inxalenye enye yokhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu.

Intshukumo

Imithetho emininzi yamalungelo abantu karhulumente inika ilungelo lobuqu lokwenza izinto, ivumela abantu ukuba bafake iingxelo zetyala kwinkundla karhulumente bengalindelanga ukunyanzeliswa korhulumente.

Ukumangalelwa kwangasese kungafuna iindlela zokunyanga ezingekhoyo ngeenkqubo zolawulo, kuquka ukuvavanywa kwetyala kunye nomonakalo osenokuba mkhulu. Kwakhona bavumela abo bakhalazayo ukuba balawule amatyala abo kunokuba bathembele kwiziko eliphambili kunye nezinto.

Iintshukumo

Ukumangalelwa kweklasi kunceda abantu ukuba badibane kunye ukuvavanya ucalucalulo oluchaphazela amaqela amakhulu. La matyala anokufumana unyango olubanzi kunye nemizi eninzi engancediyo ngomcimbi womntu ngamnye. Izenzo zodidi ziye zaba luncedo ekucombululeni ucalucalulo ekuqesheni, ekunyuseni, ekuhlawuleni i-ethential, neminye imiba yesixokelelwano.

Kwiimeko zokucalucalulo ngemisebenzi, izenzo ezidityanisiweyo phantsi koMthetho weMigangatho yeNkonzo yezeNkundla ne-Applifial Pay Act zivumela ngokufanayo abasebenzi abahlala kunye ukuba bavavanye ukuvavanya ukucalucalucalulo.

Indima Yamalungelo Abantu

Imibutho engaphumeleliyo yamalungelo abantu yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanzelweni komthetho ngokunika izalathiso ezisemthethweni kumaxhoba ocalucalulo, ukukhutshelwa kwetyala ukumisela imizekelo ebalulekileyo engokwasemthethweni, ukuphanda nokukhupha iingxelo ngemibandela yamalungelo abantu, nokukhuthaza imithetho engakumbi yamalungelo abantu nokunyanzelisa.

Imibutho enjengeNaACP Legal Defense Fund, iAmerican Liberties Union, iMexican American Lefectal and Educational Fund namanye amaqela amaninzi azinikele kuluntu oluthile okanye kwimibandela ethile axhasa ngokubalulekileyo ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu okuxhasa imigudu karhulumente.

Uphuhliso Lwangoku Neenkcubeko Zexesha Elizayo

Ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kuyaqhubeka kuguquka ngenxa yokutshintsha kweemeko zentlalo, ukuphuhliswa komthetho, nezinto eziza kuqala. Ukuqonda izinto ezikhoyo kutshanje kusenza siqonde indlela eza kukhuselwa ngayo amalungelo abantu kwixesha elizayo.

Ukwandisa Iindidi

Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kuye kwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha kuquka iindidi ezingakumbi ezikhuselweyo kunye neemeko. Iziganeko zakutshanje ziquka ukuqwalaselwa okungakumbi kocalulo olusekelwe kwindlela abantu abavakalelwa ngayo ngokwesini nangokobufanasini njengendlela abacalucalucalulo ngokwesini, ukukhula kwenkcaso esekelwe kwimeko yabanyamekelayo, ukukhuselwa okuvelayo kwenkcazelo yemfuzakhelo, nokugqalwa kocalulo oluchaphazela abantu abaneempawu ezininzi ezikhuselekileyo.

Olu lwando lubonisa indlela ezitshintsha ngayo iingcamango zokulingana nocalucalulo, kwanemigudu yokulawula yabantu abachaphazelekayo nemibutho yamalungelo abantu.

Ukhuthuzo lobuxhakaxhaka bobuxhakaxhaka

Ubugcisa bunika imingeni kunye namathuba okunyanzelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu. Ukwenza izigqibo zemithetho-siseko emsebenzini, kwizindlu, kwityala nakwezinye iindawo kuphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nocalulo oluzenzekelayo olunokuba nzima ukulwazi nokulufumana. Kwangaxeshanye, ubugcisa bunceda uhlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo ukuze kubonwe ucalulo kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokulawula amatyala kunye nokuphanda.

Amaziko anyanzelisayo aqalisa iindlela ezintsha zokucombulula ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimithetho-siseko, kuquka ukhokelo lokusetyenziswa kobuchule obungeyoyamvelo kwizigqibo zemisebenzi nophando lweenkqubo ezisebenzisa oomatshini ezivelisa iziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukulungelelaniswa koMgaqo-nkqubo ngaphaya kokunyanzelwa

I-Matranda eqonda ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kusebenza kakuhle xa abameli besebenzisana, igalelo liyanda ekusebenzeni komanyano phakathi korhulumente, urhulumente kunye namaziko asekuhlaleni.

Le ndlela ilungelelanisiweyo inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba oovimba bomthetho basetyenziswa kakuhle yaye abantu bafumana ukhuseleko olungaguquguqukiyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaphi abameli abasingatha isikhalazo sabo.

Amacebiso Aluncedo Kubantu Abajamelana Nocalucalulo

Kubantu abakholelwa ukuba baye bacalulwa, ukuqonda indlela yokulawula inkqubo yokunyanzelisa abantu kubalulekile ukuze kukhuselwe amalungelo abo.

Phendla InjiniName

Ukugcina iingxelo ezinenkcukacha kubalulekile ekulandeleni isikhalazo socalulo. Abantu kufuneka bagcine imibhalo yamaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, kuquka iirekhodi zemisebenzi, uvavanyo lomsebenzi, ii-imeyili, kunye nonxibelelwano olubhaliweyo. Kufuneka babhale iziganeko zolwaphulo-mthetho ngemihla, amaxesha, iindawo, amangqina, kunye neenkcazelo ezineenkcukacha zokwenzekileyo. Ukugcina ulindixesha weziganeko ngexesha elinye kunganika ubungqina obubalulekileyo.

Ukuqonda Imigca Efileyo

Izikhalazo zamalungelo abantu zixhomekeke kwimiqathango engqongqo eqinisekisiweyo exhomekeke kuhlobo localulo nomthetho osebenzayo. Ukungalufumani olu cwangciso kusenokuphumela ekulahlekelweni kwelungelo lokufuna isiqinisekiso. Abantu ngabanye kufuneka baqhagamshelane nombutho wogunyaziso okanye igqwetha xa befumana ucalucalulo ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaphoswa lixesha elifanelekileyo lokugcina ixesha.

Funa Amacebiso Asemthethweni

Ngoxa abantu benokuzibophelela kwizikhalazo zolawulo, ukudibana negqwetha elinamava kumthetho wamalungelo abantu kusenokuba luncedo. Ii-athorney zinganceda ekuvavanyeni amandla entengo, iimfuno zenkcaso, iingingqi, ukuncokola, nokumela abantu ekuchotshelweni okanye ekucingweni. Amagqwetha amaninzi alwela amalungelo asebenza ngesiseko sentlawulo, intsingiselo ihlawulwa kuphela ukuba afumana imbuyekezo yomxhasi.

Khawucinge Ngeemeko Zonke Ezikhoyo

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo localulo, iindlela ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bafanele banikwe uncedo. Abantu kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba bafake iifayile kusini na ngorhulumente, okanye ngamasebe asekuhlaleni, nokuba baqhubekele ukuqhuba unyango okanye ukumangalelana, nokuba inyathelo ngalinye okanye liqela lifanelekile.

Khusela Ekuvuselweni

Abantu ababhala izikhalazo zocalucalulo kufuneka bawaqonde amalungelo abo nxamnye nokuziphindezela yaye bafanele bachaze naziphi na izenzo ezibi ezithatyathwe emva kokuqinisekisa isikhalazo.

Ukubaluleka Kwamalungelo Abemi Kummandla Olawulwa Yidemokhrasi

Ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo oluntu kufeza iinjongo ezidlulela kude ngaphaya kokulungisa amava ocalulo. Kuphakamisa imigaqo esisiseko yokulingana nesidima sabantu ekufuneka kulawulo lobudemokhrasi. Kukhuthaza ukuphumelela kwezoqoqosho ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi namanye amathuba anikwa ngokusekelwe kwisidima kunokuba kusekelwe kwikhethe. Kukhuthaza umanyano lwentlalo ngokunciphisa iingxubakaxaka phakathi kwamaqela abantu nokukhuthaza uluntu olusuk ’ phambili.

Ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokunempumelelo kufuna izivumelwano ezithe rhoqo ezivela kumasebe karhulumente, oovimba abaneleyo, imigaqo engqongqo yomthetho, ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimimandla echaphazelekayo, nokuxhaswa yimibutho yasekuhlaleni. Xa ezi zinto zidibene, ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kunokwenza inkqubela enenjongo kwibutho labantu elinobulungisa nelinokulingana.

Imithombo yangaphandle yolunye ulwazi

Kubantu abafuna ulwazi olongezelelekileyo ngokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu, kukho oovimba abaninzi. [[FLT:] Iwebsite ye-Opportunity Community Commission inikela iinkcukacha ezibanzi ngemithetho yocalulo lwemisebenzi, iinkqubo zokulungisa, kunye namanani okugunyazisayo. Isivumelwano seJaji samaLungelo [Fomati:]] sikhupha iingxelo zemali kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamalungelo abantu kunye nendlela yokuzichaza. [FLT: 4, NW].S. Commission onfastial Rights ipapasha iingxelo kunye nophando lwamalungelo abantu kwimibandela yasekuhlaleni. kunye namasebe amalungelo abantu asekuhlaleni agcina ii-webhsayithi ze-te malunga nolwazi olumalunga nokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwe-equatting kunye neenkqubo zoluntu. Ii-okshortment, ii-octives.

Isiphelo

Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu kumele inkqubo entsonkothileyo, ephicothiweyo, ebandakanya amasebe amaninzi karhulumente kurhulumente, nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, apheleliswa lumthetho lwabucala ngokumangalelwa kwabantu ngabanye nangokulawulwa kwentlangano. Ukusuka kwiKhomishoni ye-Unimetics Proclation Opportive Commissioner yokusingatha izikhalazo zocalucalulo emsebenzini ukuya kwiSebe lophulo lokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukusuka kumagunya amalungelo abantu kumaziko asekuhlaleni alwela amalungelo abantu, lo mbutho womthetho usebenza ukuguqulela isithembiso sokhuseleko olulinganayo phantsi komthetho omthetho kwimeko-nyani.

Ukuqonda indlela le nkqubo esebenza ngayo ngezantsi, iinkqubo ezilandelayo, iindlela zokunyanga ezinokuzinika, kunye nocelomngeni abajamelana nalo , kunye noluthi luxhaswe ngabantu ngabanye ukukhusela amalungelo abo kwaye luncede imibutho igcine ithobela imithetho yamalungelo abantu. Nangona imiqobo enzima ihleli, kuquka imiqathango yeempahla, iingxaki ezicacileyo, kunye neentlobo ezitshintshayo zocalulo, inkqubo yokunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu iyaqhubeka isebenzisa kwaye ivelisa iindlela ezintsha zokukhuthaza ukulingana.

Njengoko ibutho liguquka kwaye kuvela uhlobo olutsha localulo, ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo abantu kufuneka kuqhubeke kuguquka. Ubugcisa, iinguqu zamanani, kunye nezithethe eziguquguqukayo zentlalo ziya kuzisa ucelomngeni olutsha kunye namathuba okukhusela amalungelo abantu. Ukuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kokwandisa, nokusebenza kwamalungelo abantu kuyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe ibutho labantu apho bonke abantu banokuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo ngokulinganayo, bengenalo ucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, kubufana, kunqulo, kwisiphene okanye nakweyiphi na enye impatho ekhuselekileyo.

Nabani na oye wacalucalulwa okanye ofuna ukuqonda indlela amalungelo abantu akhuselwa ngayo, ukuqhelana nenkqubo yokunyanzelisa abantu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ukhalaza, uxhasa umntu oye wacalucalulwa, okanye usebenzela ukwenza imibutho eninzi nemimandla, ukuqonda iindlela ezisebenzayo zokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu kunika isiseko sesenzo esinempumelelo ekuphunyezweni kokulingana nokusesikweni.