Zimbalwa iimfundiso ezikumthetho-siseko wase-Melika ezibangela impikiswano njengeyobuGaqo-siseko. Le ncuba ichazayo ithetha ukuba intsingiselo yomGaqo-siseko yayimiswe ngexesha lokubekwa kwayo ngokungqalileyo ``iinkundla, abamisi-mthetho, kunye nabemi basondela njani kwiimbambano ezithi khululeke kwaye zicocwe urhulumente. Ukuqonda impembelelo yemvelaphi kule ngxoxo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuyiqonda indlela echanekileyo yokuhamba kweFirst Amendment jurisprudential kunyaka ongamashumi amabini anesithathu.

Ukuqonda Ulwimi Lwantlandlolo: Imigaqo Nezinto Ezingafaniyo

Ukwenziwa koqobo asiyongcamango yento enye kodwa yentsapho yendlela ezichazayo ezabelana ngomGaqo-siseko: umGaqo-siseko kufuneka uqondwe ngokwentsingiselo yawo yantlandlolo ngexesha eyamkelwa ngalo. Amasebe amabini amakhulu yinjongo yokuqala, ebuza ukuba ngabaxhasi bamagama ngokobuqu ukuba bafezekise uluvo, kwaye intsingiselo kawonke-wonke yentsingiselo kawonke-wonke [, efuna intsingiselo eqhelekileyo yokuba i-raving izakunxulunyaniswa namazwi. Owamva, oxhaswa nguJastian Sctalia, umenzile kwi-julist jurisprudence.

Abaxhasi bembali baphikisa ngelithi le ndlela ithintela ukugwetywa kwetyala, ithintela abagwebi ekubekeni imilinganiselo yabo yobuqu, kwaye igcina ukuphendulela kolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Njengoko uMgaqo-siseko wamva uScalia wathetha ngodumo, “uxwebhu olufileyo” kodwa ufile ngengqiqo yokuba intsingiselo yawo ayiguquki ngaphandle kokuba ilungiswe ngokusemthethweni, inika uzinzo kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili. Noko ke, abahlalutyi baphikisa ukuba ubukho bokuqala busoloko bungaguquguquki kuba ubungqina bembali bunokushwabana okanye bungavisisani, kwaye abakwazi ukuthetha ngeenguqulelo ezikhoyo.

Amanani angundoqo kumbutho woqobo aquka kungekuphela nje uScalia kodwa kwanoRobert Bork, Randy Barnett, kwaye kutshanje, uMahluleli uNeil Gormoth noJaji Clarence Thomas. Iincwadi zabo kunye neembono zabo zibumbe ukuqonda kwale mihla kwenkululeko yokuthetha phantsi kwesiseko sobuqaqali. Ukucamngca kophando lophando, bona i i-Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on premisism.

Uhlaziyo Lokuqala Ngombutho Wamandulo

IFirst Amendment inikela ukuba “iSiphendu somthetho asiyi kwenza mthetho uthintele inkululeko yokuthetha, okanye yokushicilela.” Kumntu wamandulo, umbuzo ongundoqo ngulonto yayithethwa yi“ inkululeko yokuthetha” ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Oko kuqonda kwakungayiyo ilungelo elipheleleyo lokuthetha nantoni na, kodwa ingcamango encinane esekelwe kumthetho oqhelekileyo wamaNgesi kunye noqheliselo lwamathanga.

Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-ratiation, umthetho oqhelekileyo wamaNgesi wawungavumelekanga ngaphambili ukuba kupapashwe imigaqo ethintelweyo (inkqubo zoburhulumente) kodwa wavumela isohlwayo emva kokupapashwa ngenxa yokuvukela urhulumente, ukunyelisa, kunye nezobunyulu. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi aseMelika ayesele ezichasile iinkalo zomthetho we-libbers yaseNgilani ephehla umthetho. Isigqibo sika-Virginia saphikisa ukuba inkululeko yentetho nomatshini wokushicilela yayingekho sithintelo yaye inyaniso yayiyiyo ingxoka, ihlazo, kunye neengxelo zobugqhinga nxamnye norhulumente. Esi senzo sasichaswa ngamandla nguThomas Jefferson noJames Madison, owathisela iSigqibo sokuqala somthetho. Umedine waphikisa uVirce wathetha ukuba inkululeko yokuthetha nokushicilela yayingekho sithintelo kwangaphambili kwaye inyaniso yayingumthetheleli-zisotho nxamnye nezityholo ze-somi.

Abaqulunqi abajolise ingqalelo kwixesha lokusekwa badla ngokubonisa iimbono zikaMadison njengobona bungqina bubalaseleyo bentsingiselo yantlandlolo. Baphikisa ngelithi uMphengululo Wokuqala wenzelwe ukukhusela intetho yezobupolitika nokuthintela ukuphehlwa kukarhulumente ngendlela ekwakungamiselwa ngayo ukugxeka nokumangalela amagosa karhulumente. Noko ke, oko kukhuselwa kwakungaqondwanga njengokugubungela yonke into: iindidi ezithile zentetho, ezinjengokuhlamba, ukunyelisa, nokulwa, zazigqalwa ngaphandle kwemidaba yentetho ekhuselekileyo.

Amalungelo Okuthetha Akhululekileyo Aqheliselwa Phantsi Kobuhlanga

Impembelelo yenkululeko yokuthetha iyabonakala kakhulu kwizigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo ezixhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwembali. Igosa leColumbia v. Heller (2008) kunye iNew York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen[FLT]] [2022], iNkundla isebenzise ukuqiqaza kokuqala ukuphakamisa amalungelo empumza. Ngelixesha ityala lokuthetha elikhululekileyo, indlela iyafundisa: iNkuvavanya imbali yokuqonda okusekunene kwaye emva koko ifuna imimiselo yale mihla ukuba ihambisane nokuqonda. Kumongomo wentetho, kufana nokuqiqandaza koluko [FLD].[10] Uthetho lwe-ST]

Abagwebi abaphambili bathanda ukuthandabuza iindidi ezintsha zokuthetha okungakhuselekanga, ezifana “nokuthiya ukuthetha” okanye“ ukuhlonitshwa” okubanzi kune Brandenburg v.Ohio umgangatho. Baphikisa ngelithi ukuqonda okungokwembali ‘ inkululeko yokuthetha'akuquki umahluko kwiingcamango ezicaphukisayo okanye ezozozozotheyo qha, ezibangela izenzo ezithe ngqo zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ezichanekileyo zembali okanye ukuhlazisa. Le mbono ikhokelela ekukhuselweni ngokuqinileyo kwintetho evuselelayo nengathandekiyo.

Enye indawo apho imicimbi yobuShinaphi buyimfundiso yokuququzelela ngezantsi, enoba uHlaziyo Lokuqala lusebenza kurhulumente nakoorhulumente basekuhlaleni. UmGaqo-siseko wokuqala wanyanzela kuphela urhulumente wephondo. UMthetho weSigqibo weshumi elinesine, wagunyaziswa ngo-1868, kamva wachazwa ukuba usebenzise iBhili yamaLungelo kumazwe. Abaqululeki baphikisane ngokuthi ngabameli boMphengululo weshumi elinesine loLawulo lweMthethweno-Mthethweno ocetyiweyo ocetyisiweyo ocetyisiweyo okanye amalungelo athile kuphela okhuseleko. Ukuqulungela kweNkundla Ephakamileyo amalungelo enkululeko yokuthetha ngooklalelo lwe-Celasmente, kodwa abanye abaqala, njengoThomas, baye baphikisa iisiseko ezichaseneyo, ezifana namagunya okanye amaImniclaus Claus, anokuguqula intetho eenjiweyo.

Inkcazo kunye neembono zobuQhelanisi: URhulumente

Impembelelo yoqobo kwiingxoxo zokuhlola ukulandelelana komsebenzi wobuzwe inzulu, ingakumbi njengoko umahluko phakathi korhulumente kunye nohlalutyo lwabucala ufihlwa kwisizukulwana samanani. UMthetho wokuHlaziya Wokuqala uthintela kuphela isenzo sikarhulumente /hhayi iinkampani ezizimeleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, isigqibo seqonga lezentlalo-ntle yoluntu sokususa okuqulathwethwe yi-athom asikokuba “ubuchule” ngokwengqiqo yomgaqo-siseko. Abachazi boqobo bagxininisa lo mahluko, bephikisa ukuba urhulumente akanakunyanzela amaqonga ukuba aqhube intetho (njengoko eminye imithetho yorhulumente iye yazama) ngenxa yokuba oko kuyaphazamisa amalungelo oluntu ekuthetheleni ngenkululeko.

Noko ke, xa urhulumente ngokwakhe ehlola ngezantsi (ngokuba ngabavuzi---1919), ngokuvavanya abavuzi-zibhiyozo, okanye ngokuthetha ngentetho enyanzelisayo", uhlalutyo olugunyazisayo luguqukela kwimbali. Umzekelo, Scheck v. United States), uJaji Oliver Holson Holmes uchaza indlela elungeleleneyo ngokubhekiseleleneyo ngokuchasene nokhuseleko lwesizwe. I-Oververversever Holmes ibuza: luyintoni uvavanyo lokuvavanya umlomo wemeko yangaphambili? Ukusungula iSmediants, kodwa kwakwakubonakalisa ngamandla intsingiselo yayo.

Uphando lwale mihla ludla ngokuphikisa ngelithi amandla karhulumente okuhlola alinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuchasana ngokwembali kobunyhuku kwakumxinwa kwaye kubandakanya izinto ezinomtsalane “kwimdla ocacileyo,” azinanto icacileyo ngokwesini. Ngokufanayo, ukunyeliswa kwathintelwa yimfuneko yokuba le ntetho ibe yinkohliso kwaye ibe yeyona iyingozi kudumo. Abaguquleli bakudala bathanda ukwandisa ezi ntlobo ezintsha ezifana“ neendaba ze-fake” okanye “intengiso,” ngenxa yokuba akukho mvume engokwembali yokulawula inyaniso ebanzi. [FFF] [2]

Imbali Ethetha Ngenkululeko

Abaqulunqi baqonda ukuba uHlaziyo lokuqala lwalungaqondwa njengolukhusela zonke iintetho. Ixesha lokusekwa komthetho oqhelekileyo lamkela iindidi ezithile zomthetho njengolungeyondlela “yokukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha":

  • I-'bscenity': intetho engcolileyo, engcolileyo, okanye ebonisa amanyala, egwetywa ngokwemigangatho yasekuhlaleni kwaye ingenaxabiso elinzulu lobugcisa okanye inzululwazi.
  • [[NTL: 0] amagama alwayo: ukuthukwa kobuqu kujoliswe kumntu obangela ulwaphuko olukhawulezileyo loxolo. Oku kunxaxhi kwaqondwa ku Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire[FLT] [1942] kodwa kusetyenziswe ngokucuthayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukukhupha : iintetho zobuxoki ezonakeleyo. Abaqulunqi bangaphikisa ngokuthi imilinganiselo yokoqobo yemaliace eyenzelwe kwi New York Times Co. v. Sullivan[ (1964]) yadlula kulwazi lwakuqala, eyavumela inyaniso njengendlela yokuzikhusela kodwa engazange ifune ubungqina bokwazi ubuxoki kumagosa kawonkewonke-wonke.
  • Ukuhlohlolelwa kwisenzo esisondeleyo sokungathobeli umthetho: ulungiso lwangoku “lwengozi ecacileyo nekhoyo” uvavanyo lwangaphambili, ngoku olulawulwa Brandenburg[ umgangatho (1 969).

Ezi zimkhethe azinasiphelo, kwaye abaxhasi beziqu zangaphambili batyekele ekuzifundeni ngokufutshane ukuze baphephe ukuphangwa ngurhulumente. Umphumo uba kukuchanabeka ngamandla ekucushweni kwendlela yokuhlola, kwanakuthetha okuhlasileyo okanye okuyingozi, ngaphandle kokuba imbali ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba intetho enjalo yayisohlwaywa ngexesha lokusekwa.

Ucelomngeni Lwanamhlanje: Ukuthetha Ngezincoko, Ukuthiya Intetho Nokuxoka

Ubuqaqoba bujongene novavanyo olunzima xa busetyenziswa kwimiba yanamhlanje abasebenzi befreyimu abangazange bayicinge. Ingalawula njani iinqanaba le-media yezentlalo-ntle, ikhowudi yokuthumela imiyalezo nengingqi ye-intanethi? I-Credist iphendula ngokuthi imigaqo, hayi ubugcisa obukhethekileyo, iyahlala. Umgaqo wento esetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuba uthinte i-tuetting kanye njengokuba isebenza ekuthinteleni iphephandaba. Umgaqo wokuba urhulumente angakwazi ukusohlwaya amagosa kawonke-wonke usebenza kwividiyo kaYouTube njengephethi.

Kodwa abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi, ukuqondwa kwala masuntswana okungaqukwanga kusetyenziswa kwe-algorithm, i-trolling, okanye amaphulo okungachazwanga. Ezi ziganeko ziphakamisa imibuzo efuna ukuphengululwa kolwazi lokuqala ngokulula ngokukhangela kwimbali. Umzekelo, umthetho karhulumente ofuna amaqonga akhutshelwe ukuba aphelise ukuphazamisa unyulo lwamanye amazwe? Ukuba intsingiselo yokuqala yoMphengululo yayikukuthintela ukususwa komthetho othile, ngoko umthetho ofuna ukususwa kolwambutho othile kunokuba kuvumelekile. Kodwa ukuba intsingiselo yokuqala ibandakanya inkululeko ebanzi kulawulo lukarhulumente phezu komsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi, ngoko imiyalelo enjalo isenokungachasana ukwahlulwa koomatilo-zindaba norhulumente.

Ingxoxo ngomgaqo-siseko wokuthetha wentiyo yenye intsingiselo ekhawulezileyo. Kwinkoliso yeedemokhrasi zezolawulo-moya zezobuNtshona, imithetho yentiyo ithintela amabinzana akhuthaza intiyo okanye ucalucalulo. I-United States, phantsi kwesithethe esinamandla sokuthetha, ayinayo intiyo jikelele yokuthetha `ngokubanzi' ngokuchasene noqalo lwantlalo-magama, okanye okuchaseneyo nokubhaliweyo. ISindululo sokuQala soLawulo soMqululo sithi “akukho mthetho... owehlula inkululeko yokuthetha,” owenziwe ngokungqongqo, ophantsi kobuhlanga kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, intetho ethethayo yobuhlanga, ubufana nolwesini, okanye ukrwano lomthetho - mthetho oluchasene nomthetho-mbhalo. Oku kwahlula amazwe angoMgaqonga amazwe afana neJamani, i-United States, kunye noBukumkani, nto leyo efundelwa ngokulinganayodwa ngokuchasene nolunye imilinganiselo.

I-Misinfontront, ingakumbi ngempilo kawonke-wonke kunye nonyulo, ifuna ukuba kwenziwe urhulumente. I-Syncrial isoloko ichasa umthetho onjalo, iphikisa into yokuba urhulumente akufunekanga abe ngumxhasi wenyaniso. Endaweni yoko, isicombululo sentetho embi sintetho engakumbi, `isiseko esisekelwe kwintengiso yentengiso kaJohn Milton noJohn Stuart Milll, kwaye sikhanyele kwiJaji Holmes edumileyo kwi-'iinkcaso yomthetho. [FLT:] umthetho we-United States (19). Umahluko lowo, nangona ungekho simonyo ekuqaleni kwindlela, ubonakalisa ukuthandabuza okuyila kwesizukulwana ulawulo lukarhulumente. Ukungavumela ulawulo lwangaphambili. Ukunga kwembono wangoku kwi-intanethi kwe-intanethi yomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho-NT.[FF]

Indima Yezimbo Zabucala

Umahluko obalulekileyo kwiingxoxo zale mihla zokuhlola umahluko phakathi korhulumente nesenzo sabucala. Xa uTwitter okanye uFacebook esusa okuqulethwe nguMphengululo wokuqala, oko akukokwaphula umthetho ngenxa yokuba ukubuyiselwa komthetho kubandakanya urhulumente kuphela. Iingcali zentelekelelo ziphikisa ukuba urhulumente akamele anyanzele amaqonga ukuba athethe ngezantsi.Ngokomzekelo, ngesoyikiso sokuchasa intsebenziswano okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo esesikweni yonxibelelwano kulungelelwaniso. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente uyakwazi ukulwa noxanduva olufanelekileyo olusuka kurhulumente lungangeni kwi-Sformation. Kwangaxesha linye, amaqonga eecudi akhululekileyo, alungele ukumisela ugwebo lwawo lwawo oluzimeleyo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela kwingxabano: ezinye iimeko ezithelekisa iimbono ezithelekisayo, kodwa uphando lokuqala lwakuqala lucebisa ukuba naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi-cwe-bhunga olusemthethweni ngaphandle

Imicimbi Neendlela Ezinokusetyenziswa Kutoliko Lokuqala Lolwimi

Indlela yokwalathisa yokuthetha ayiyonto inzima ukuhlalutya. Abahlali bomGaqo-siseko abaphilayo baphikisa ngelithi intsingiselo yomGaqo-siseko kufuneka iguquke ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemeko ezintsha, kwaye abaqulunqi benzelwe ukutolikwa ngokubhetyebhetye. Babonisa ukuba uHlomelo lokuqala luye lwasetyenziswa ukukhusela iintetho zabaseki, njengemifanekiso eshukumayo, iintetho ezirekhodiweyo, kunye nemithetho yekhompyutha. Kubantu abaphila ngomgaqo-siseko, ixabiso elingundoqo lokuthetha ngokukhululekile . /indidivid - Inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nedemokhrasi-gonance-demokhrasi, kufuneka bachaze intsingiselo eqinileyo yembali.

Iingcali zemfundo zakudala zigxeka ubuGawulayo ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kakhulu nokungahoyi iziphumo zokwenene zehlabathi zezigqibo. Kumongo wobucukubhedengu, baphikisa ngelithi indlela yembali ecacileyo ingakhusela intetho eyingozi ephazamisa iinkqubo zedemokhrasi, ezifana nokuthomalalisa ii-demokhrasi okanye ukungaphili kweentsholongwane. Baxhasa uvavanyo olulungelelanisiweyo oluvavanya umdla karhulumente nxamnye nomthetho wokuthetha, kunokuba lulinganisele umahluko ocacileyo wembali.

Enye indlela yeyokuguqulela ubhalo , eyabelana ngokubhekiselele kokuqala kombhalo kodwa ayifuni ntsingiselo yembali ukuba ifane neyangoku. I Textsical ijonge kwintsingiselo ecacileyo yamagama aqondwayo namhlanje, enokuhluka kwintsingiselo yantlandlolo kawonke-wonke. UJaji Scalia, umbhali wemibhalo nenkqubeko, usoloko efaka intengiso kwisibini, kodwa kamva, njengoJaji Kagan, uthathele ulwano olucacileyo lombhalo oluthi maxa lunyuke lusuka kwintsingiselo yantlandlolo.

Phezu kwazo nje ezi nkcukacha, inkcazo yantlandlolo ihlala inamandla kwi-American julistraunce. Ukugxininisa kwayo kwiinkundla zobungqina bembali kunye namaqumrhu okubandakanyeka nzulu ngexesha lokusekwa, ngokufuthi okutyhila ukuba ukhuseleko lwenkululeko yokuthetha lwangoku lubanzi kunexesha lokuqala. Umzekelo, isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo [iCatizen] i-United . FÉC [2010], ebeka imida kwimida yokusetyenziswa kwemali ekhoyo, sasisekelwe ekufundeni kombhalo wokuqala isiHlamvo. Ngexesha lempikiswano, eso sigqibo sibonisa indlela eyakhankanya ngayo ukukhuselwa kwenkululeko yokuthetha kwimiboniso entsha kunye nomo lwezomo.

Imbali Ethetha Ngembali Nemida Yokuyila

Enye yezingxinano ezizingisileyo zobuGqaba bobuGqaba kwingingqi ekhululekileyo yokuthetha yeyokuba ingxelo yembali isoloko ididane. Isizukulwana esisisiseko asivumelananga kakhulu ngobungakanani bentetho ekhululekileyo ````Alien'' neSedition Zents' yimpikiswano engumzekelo ophambili. Ooqobo kufuneka bagqibe ukuba zeziphi imithombo yembali enelungelo: imibhalo kaJames Madison, iingxoxo zomthetho eziqhelekileyo zikaWilliam Blackstone, okanye uqheliso lwemithetho yowiso-mthetho. Izazi zoqobo ezahlukeneyo zingafikelela kwiziphetho ezahlukeneyo ngentsingiselo yokuqala yeSinyuselo Sokuqala, nto leyo abagxeki abathiwa yiyo “incwadi yentlalo okanye imbono entle."

Ngokomzekelo, uMahluleli Thomas, ozimiseleyo ukucacisa imbali, uphikisa ngelithi iFirst Amendment’s Free Press Clause yakhusela ekuqaleni kuphela amaphephandaba njengesiko, hayi izithethi ezingabantu. Oku kufundwa okumxinwa kuya kuba nentsingiselo eninzi kubasebenzi be-Webger kunye neentatheli ezizimeleyo. Inkoliso yabaquluneli yamandulo ayifuni loo mbono, kodwa umzekelo ubonisa indlela uphando lwembali olunokuvelisa ngayo iziphumo ezithe zahluka-ntlabaluleka kwendlela yolwazi yendalo kwimicimbi yokuthetha ngokukhululekile, bona [[FLT]] eli nqaku livela kwiHarvard Law Lew Review on profilealism kunye nentetho ekhululekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ubuYantswana bobuNtloko kufuneka buphikisane nokuququzelelwa koMphetho wokuqala nxamnye namazwana. UHlaziyo lweshumi elinesine lwamkelwa ngo1868, emva kokuqondwa kwasekuqaleni koMgqimbi Wokuqala. Oko “inkululeko yokuthetha” yayithetha ngabahlaziyi be-14491 boMphengululo. Abanye abachazi siseko baphikisa ngelithi umongo wembali onxulumeneyo kufuneka ube ngo-18768, hayi 1791. Oku kwenza uhlalutyo luqhubekeke ngakumbi, njengoko isizukulwana se-Civil War sasinowakhela amava aso ngenkcaso ngexesha lemfazwe kunye neRespanion.

Isiphelo: Impembelelo Ehlala Ihleli Yobuzibulo Ekuthetheni Nasekuhleni

Ukwenziwa kobuqaqaba kubumba iingxoxo zamaMelika ezingenkululeko yokuthetha nokuhlola ngokumisa utoliko lomgaqo-siseko kwiinkcazelo zembali. Abaxhasi bazo baphikisa ngelithi le ndlela inika uzinzo, ukufezekisa, nokuthembeka kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abagwebi abaphambili batyekela ekubeni babe ngabakhuseli abanamandla benkululeko yokuthetha, amathandabuzo amatsha acetywa ziindlu zowiso-mthetho zale mihla okanye amaqela abantu abanomdla. Isiphumo sikhuselwa ngokuqatha kwimpikiswano, ukucaphukisa, kwaneengcedenge, kwanentetho eyingozi, de kube lixesha elide ingaweleli kwimiqatha, izithethe ezigqalwayo.

Kodwa ukwenziwa kolwazi loqobo akuyonto idala. Iminyaka yamanani, kunye nenkcazo yayo entsokothileyo kunye neeplatfomu zabucala ezinamandla, ivavanya imida yemigaqo yeshumi elinesibhozo lenkulungwane. Abahlalutyi bathi indlela ecacileyo yembali inokwenza ibutho labantu libe sengozini yokuba ii-freams zingonakalisi ukuba iintsholongwane ezingeyonyaniso eziphazamisa impilo kawonke-wonke okanye ukuthembeka komkhethe. Abahlalutyisi baphendula ngokuthi unyango lwentetho embi luthetha kakhulu, hayi ukuphengulula urhulumente, kwaye intsingiselo yokuqala yoLawulo loMdalelo lubukhali iyingozi ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela ukuthengiswa kweengcamango.

Ekugqibeleni, impikiswano ngemvelaphi nenkululeko yokuthetha yingxoxo malunga nendalo yomGaqo-siseko ngokwawo: yisivumelwano esisisigxina esisekelwe kwintsingiselo yayo yembali, okanye uxwebhu oluphilayo oluzivumelanisa neemeko ezintsha? Zombini amacala aneempikiswano ezinyanzelisayo, kwaye izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo ziza kuqhubeka zibonisa ukuxinezeleka phakathi kwendlela yoqobo kunye neendlela zobunzululwazi obungezobudala. Njengoko ubugcisa obutsha buvela kunye nexabiso lobukho bendalo buvela, umbuzo wendlela ubukhomgaqo-mvume obuchaphazela ngayo inkululeko yokuthetha nohlalutyo oluza kuhlala entliziyweni yomthetho-mthetho-siseko waseMelika. Ukuhlola okubanzi kwenkululeko yokuthetha kwixesha langoku, [[FLT:]] i-BBBS eli nqaku elikwimeko lokuthetha ngenkululeko eUnited States[FFFF1].

Into ecacileyo kukuba ubuQuqu buye bamisela impikiswano. Kwanabachasi bayo kufuneka babe nenxaxheba kwiimpikiswano zembali, nokuba bayavumelana nale ndlela okanye akunjalo. Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo lwabo bonke abatoliki `abaqalayo/abangengobantlandlolo ngokufanayo--"is ukufumana ulungelelwano phakathi kozibomnibo bomGaqo-siseko osisiseko kunye nokuthetha ngeenyaniso zehlabathi elahluke kakhulu kulowo wavelisa uLawulo oluQala. Umlinganiselo oya kugqiba ikamva lokuthetha ngenkululeko eMelika.