Table of Contents

Njengabemi behlabathi jikelele, ukudibana kweengxaki zokwaluphala nezokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (SSD) kuye kwavela njengenye yezona ngxaki zicinezelekileyo zempilo kawonke-wonke kodwa ezingeyongenelo lwexesha lethu. Iinkqubo zeziyobisi zesithethe, eziyilelwe ukukhuthaza abantu abaselula, ngokufuthi azikwazi ukuphendula ngeemfuno ezikhethekileyo zengqondo, zengqondo, kunye nezentlalo yabantu abadala abalwa nokukhotyokiswa. Lo msantsalo kwimi nenkqubo kunye noqheliselo ubangele imiqobo ephawulekayo ekunyanzeleni unyango, nto leyo eshiya izigidi zabantu abadala bengenankxaso ifuna ukuphinda kuhle kwemigaqo yangoku yeziyobisi efuna ukusetyenziswa ngokuphandle, ubudala obungatshintshiyo, nokusebenza kokungenelela okuthi qhankqele ekuboneleni iimfuno zabelwa ngabantu abalupheleyo.

Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo: Ukukhula Kwendlela Abantu Abakhulileyo Abaneengxaki Zokusebenzisa I - substate Disorder

Phantse abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama - 65 nangaphezulu baphila ngengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi yaye eli nani liyanda ngendlela eyothusayo.

Phakathi konyaka wama-2022 nowama-2023, umlinganiselo wokufa kweziyobisi onxulumeneyo wanyuka nge-2.3% kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-55-64 kunye ne11. Ezi ngxelo zichaza umfanekiso ohlalisayo wengxaki ekhulayo kunokuba inciphe. Ukufa kwabantu abatsha ngenxa ye-odeses kuncipha ngabantu abatsha, kodwa abantu abadala (65 kunye nabaphezulu) babona ukuhla okuncinane kwe-8.

Imiphumo Yokukhula Komntwana Nendlela Etshintshayo Yokusebenzisa Izinto Ezingekhoyo

Kukholelwa ukuba olu lwando luxhaswa ngokuyinxenye sisizukulwana esizalayo sabantwana, esizalwa phakathi ko 1946 no1964, esiye sachanabeka kakhulu kutywala nakwiziyobisi zisezincinane. Isizukulwana esigcina inzala sisebenzisa iziyobisi eziphezulu kwisigaba ngasinye sobomi sithelekiswa nezizukulwana ezidlulileyo, ngenxa yokutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngexesha lokukhuliswa nokukhula kobomi.

Izinto ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kakubi ngabantu abadala zahlukile kwezisetyenziswa ngabantu abatsha. Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswayo butywala, amayeza agunyazisiweyo afana ne-opiates kunye ne-benzodiazepines (BZD), kunye namayeza angaphezulu kwe-oreverer (OTC). Malunga nama-65% abantu aba-65% nabakhulileyo banikela ingxelo yokusela kakhulu, echazwa njengemigaqo yemihla ngemihla engaphezulu noko kunyaka ophelileyo, kunye notywala obungaphezulu kweshumi labantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-6 kunye nama-65 kunye nabadala ngoku.

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo kumela intsingiselo engakumbi yabantu abadala. Iimeko zempilo ezingapheliyo zidla ngokukhula njengenxalenye yokwaluphala, yaye abantu abadala badla ngokunikwa amayeza amaninzi kunamanye amaqela eminyaka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiqondo eliphezulu lokuchanabeka kumayeza anokukhotyokiswa. Olunye uhlolisiso lwabantu abadala abangama-3000 abaneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-85 lubonise ukuba ukuxutywa okuqhelekileyo kwamayeza agunyaziwe, angengomayeza agunyaziweyo, kunye nezongezo zongezo zokutya, abamalunga nama-80% abasebenzisa ubuncinane amayeza agunya agunyaziweyo imihla ngemihla, yaye abamalunga nesiqingatha basebenzisa amayeza okanye izongezo ezithatho ezintlanu.

Igalelo lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kubantu abadala

Iimeko ezininzi ezidibanisa abantu abadala zinegalelo ekuxhaphakeni kweengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Iingozi ezisemzimbeni zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu abadala ziquka iintlungu ezingapheliyo, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, ukutshintsha kobomi okanye ukunyanyekelwa, ukuphulukana nabathandekayo, ukunyanzeleka ukuba bathathe umhlala phantsi okanye batshintshe ingeniso, impilo yabo, ukugula okunganyangekiyo, nokusela amayeza nezongezo ezininzi.

Esinye sezizathu eziyintloko ezibangela abantu abadala balwe nokusebenzisa kakubi kweziyobisi kukuncipha kwenkxaso entsatsheni kunye nokunxulumana nabantu. Ukuzikhetha kuxhaphakile kubantu abadala njengamalungu entsapho nabahlobo abafudukayo okanye abadlulayo. Xa abantu abadala bengenalwalamano olufanelekileyo okanye bengamalolo, oko kunokukhokelela ekubeni babe ngamalolo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba babe neengxaki zempilo engokwengqondo ezifana nodandatheko.

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sanyusa uninzi lwale ngxaki. Le ngxaki yothusayo ibangelwa kukudityaniswa kwezizathu ngezantsi kuquka ukwanda kokufumana amayeza agunyazisiweyo notywala kunye nokunciphisa inkxaso yentsapho kunye nonxulumano lwentlalo olwenzeka ngexesha lesifo.

Ukuqiqa Okukhethekileyo Ngempilo Kwabantu Abakhulileyo

Inkqubo yokwaluphala ngokusisiseko itshintsha indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo kwaye usabela ngayo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, nto leyo eyenza abantu abadala babe sengozini yokuchanabeka kwiziphumo eziyingozi zeziyobisi notywala. Abantu abadala badla ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinokusetyenziswa kancinci, kwaye ezi ngqondo zabo ziyakwazi ukuchanabeka kwiziyobisi. Olu tshintsho luthetha ukuba izinto ezisenokuba bezinokunyamezeleka zisezincinane zinokuba yingozi okanye zide zibulale xa sele bekhulile.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwamayeza Ngokugqithiseleyo

Abantu abadala basenokuba neengxaki zengqondo, iingxaki zemiphunga nezentliziyo, okanye iinkumbulo. Iziyobisi zinokuzenza zibe mbi ngakumbi ezi meko, ziphucule iziphumo ezingalunganga zempilo yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Uhlolisiso olubalulekileyo ekunyangweni kwabantu abadala abane-SUD kukuba basoloko benezifo eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo. Ukusetyenziswa konyango lwezamayeza kunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuqhuba nokulawula izigulo ezikhoyo, kwaye zona zingenza iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye ne-SUD zibe mbi ngakumbi.

Ukusetyenziswa kotywala nebenzodiaphine kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuwa, ukungasebenzi kwengqondo, kunye nokuphelelwa yingqondo kubantu abadala. Izifo ezichaphazela ukukhula komntu omdala zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abadala ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lesifo sentliziyo kolu luntu. Iziphumo zeziyobisi ezifana nezo zithintelo, ukulungelelanisa, okanye ixesha elichaphazelekayo, ezifana nokuwa nokungqubana kwemoto. Ezi ntlobo zomonakalo zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu abadala kwaye zidibane ixesha elide lokuchacha.

Ukusebenzisa kakubi ukuphazamiseka kwabantu abadala kunokubangela ukuba imeko efana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo nokungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba iqhubekeke kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinokuthanani nempilo nokuwohloka komzimba.

Iingozi Zokufa Neengozi Zokudumba

Iziphumo zokufa kokusebenzisa iziyobisi kubantu abadala zinzima kwaye ziya zisiba mandundu. NgokweCDC, utywala bungunobangela oyintloko wokufa kwabali-11,616 abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu ngowama-2020. Nangona utywala bubangele ukufa kwabantu abambalwa kakhulu kweli qela leminyaka, amanani anda kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Enyanisweni, inani labantu abadala abafa ngenxa yeziphumo ezinxulumene notywala liyenyuka nge-18,2 ekhulwini phakathi ko-2019 no-2020.

Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweziyobisi kunye nokufa okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamayeza, kuquka nabantu abadala, kwenzeka kumlinganiselo ophezulu odumileyo eUSA, apho ukufa kwabantu abakhulileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kuphindwe kathathu phakathi kowama-2002 nowama-2021. 57% kubantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi abafayo abangama-65-plus ababandakanyeke kwi-opioid kunye nama-39% ababandakanyeke ukuvuselela amandla, ebonisa ukubakho kwengxaki yepolysubstance echaphazela abantu abadala.

Ucelomngeni Olumandundu Kwinkqubo Yamayeza Yangoku

Nangona zisanda izigulo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abadala, iinkqubo zakutshanje zeziyobisi kunye neenkqubo zonyango zihlala zikulungele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo. Imiqobo emininzi ithintela abantu abadala ukuba bafumane inkathalo efanelekileyo baze bafumane iziphumo eziphumelelayo zokuchacha.

Ukunqongophala okukhulu kweenkqubo zonyango zobudala

Zi-18% kuphela iinkqubo zonyango lonyango olusetyenziswa kakubi lweziyobisi ezenzelwe olu lwandayo. Eli nani lityhila ukungahambelani okusisiseko phakathi kwemfuneko ekhulayo yonyango olujolise ekukholweni kulo lwe-gereatric kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Phezu kwako nje ukwanda nokwanda komngcipheko wokonakaliswa kweziyobisi ezinxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho kubantu abadala, ngaphantsi kwesithathu seenkqubo zonyango lwezigulo ezisebenzisa izigulo ezisebenzisa izigulo zilungiselelwe eli qela labemi.

Ngeli-18% kuphela yeenkqubo zonyango olusetyenziswa kakubi lweziyobisi zenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo abantu abakhulileyo, ukufumaneka kwamaziko onyango lwe-SUD kulinganiselwe kwabo banemeko ephantsi yentlalo yezoqoqosho, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ngaba baguli ukufuna inkathalo efanelekileyo kwii-SUD zabo. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho iingxaki ezingekhoyo kubantu abadala abajamelene nemiqobo enxulumene nobudala kunye neengxaki zentlalo.

Imodeli yonyango lwangoku lokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezisebenzisa iziyobisi eUnited States asiyominyaka yobudala okanye ayiyilwa ukunyamekela abantu abanobusela nobulwelwe. Iinkqubo zonyango ezilungiselelwe abantu abadala abaselula zidla ngokusilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zonyango, zolwazi, nezentlalo eziphawula abantu abadala abasebenzisa iziyobisi.

Ukunganeliseki koqeqesho lonyango

Nangona zisanda imilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu abadala, inani labasebenzi abasebenza ngezonyango abasebenzisa unyango lwezamayeza behla. Le meko ididayo ibonisa ukuba abanikezeli bezonyango abangakwaziyo ukuqaphela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwizigulana zabo okanye abakwaziyo ukwenza ii-arhente ezifanelekileyo.

Kusenokuba nzima ukuqaphela ukuba abantu abadala bayakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lungakhawulezi ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwemithambo-luvo, ukungakwazi ukukhawulela imithambo-luvo nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisebenzi. Kunzima ukuqaphela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kubantu abadala.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala abasoloko bexilongwa okanye benikwa unyango olusekelwe kwiziyobisi ezinokusetyenziswa ngokugwenxa. Ukunqongophala kokuxilongwa okuqhelekileyo kwinkathalo ephambili nakwimimiselo ye-gereatric kuthetha ukuba amaxhoba amaninzi angabonakali de afikelele kwiqondo lobunzima, aphuthelwa ngamathuba abalulekileyo okungenelela kwangoko.

Ukuxinana Okuqhubekayo Nokukhula

Abantu abadala abaneSUD basenokuba baziva beneentloni ngenxa yendlela abaphila ngayo nangenxa yamava onyango abawafumanayo, yaye ukudibana kokwaluphala nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kusenokubangela ukuba abantu abakhulileyo bangabi naxesha lonyango.

Iinkqubo zonyango zangoku, eziphenjelelwa kukukhula kobuntu nohlanga, zinciphisa amandla abantu abadala okufumana unyango olusekelwe kubungqina obukwiminyaka yobudala. Oku kukhula komzimba kubonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi, ukusuka kwinkqubo yonyango ezibonisa ubuchule bomzimba nobokucinga obuqhelekileyo kubantu abadala, ukucalucalula okucacileyo phakathi kwabanyamekela impilo abanokujonga unyango lwezigulo njengezingalufanelanga unyango kwizigulana ezisele zikhulile.

Ukwahluka ngokweentlalo nezoqoqosho

Kukho umahluko okrakra phakathi kobuhlanga nobuhlanga obonwa ngabantu abadala. Babonisa ukungalingani kokufumana unyango lwe-opioid lokusebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba ephezulu kunye nokungephi kotyalo-mali ekunikeni unyango olukhobokisayo noncedo lobungozi kubemi abambalwa, abangenamakhaya, nabantu ababandakanyekileyo kokusesikweni.

Utyekelo lweminyaka kwii-SUDs ukutyhubela iminyaka eli-18-90 lubonise ukuba ukwahluka ngokwesizwe/isizwe kwahluka-hlukeneyo ngokweminyaka; umzekelo, i-SUD yayixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abantsundu abaNsundu nangakumbi kubantu abadala abamhlophe beselula. Phakathi kwabantu abadala, abantu abadala abaNsundu babeno-37% babengenamathuba amancinane okugqiba inkqubo yonyango kusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuno-White, ngexa abantu abadala base-Hispanic babeno-26% benolwazi lokusebenzisa unyango olusetyenziswayo kune-White.

Umlinganiselo wokufumana intlawulo ophantsi

Iqela elikhulileyo lanciphisa amathuba okuba kufumaneke unyango lwengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu abanesifo se-SUD, ngo-2018, abangama-24 ekhulwini bafumana unyango lweengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, yaye abali-16,8 ekhulwini bafumana unyango lokusebenzisa utywala. La mayeza asezantsi abonisa umsantsa phakathi komsantsa ofunekayo nokuthunyelwa kwenkonzo.

Abantu abaneminyaka engama - 65 nangaphezulu basenokungalufumani unyango olufanelekileyo kunabantu abaselula, yaye badla ngokuchaza ukungakulungeli ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezingezozizo njengezizathu eziyintloko zokungalufuni unyango.

Umgaqo-nkqubo osekelwe kubungqina womgaqo-nkqubo weminyaka equka iziyobisi

Ukwenza iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zeziyobisi ezilawula ukwaluphala kufuna indlela eninzi ethetha ngeemfuno zabantu abadala abakhulileyo ngoxa bedityaniswa neenkqubo zonyango ezikhoyo kunye nenkxaso yoluntu. Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zibonisa iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina zokuphucula iziphumo kubantu abadala abasebenzisa iziyobisi.

Iinkqubo zonyango eziziintlobo-ntlobo zeminyaka ekhulayo kunye nemigaqo yokhokelo

I-Substance Abuse Administration and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA) yoLawulo lonyango loLuntu loLuntu loLuntu loMsebenzi wama-202020 (TIP 26) luyingqokelela yemigaqo-sikhokelo echaza iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina zokunyanga ii-SUD kubantu abadala. Imithetho yonyango 26 iquka ingcebiso kwiinkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokunika uvavanyo kunye nenkxaso kukuphazamiseka kolwazi, ulawulo olubhekiselele ekunxibeleleni koovimba bentlalo-lulo kunye/ookanye noonolwazi-gereatricians, kunye nenkxaso yokuphucula ulutsha olunolwazi oluneenkathi.

Iindlela zokuphendula i-STM zavela ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba abantu abadala banokukwazi ukungenela unyango oluqhelekileyo. Kwaphawulwa ukuba iindlela zokuhlasela zazingafanelekanga kwaye zingenantlonelo kubantu abadala, kwaye iingxaki ezikhethekileyo abajamelene nazo abantu abadala, kuquka iimeko zempilo, udandatheko, kunye nokuzikhetha, azizange zibekwe. iSTM yenzelwe ukunikela ingqalelo ekukhuliseni inkcubeko yokuxhasa nokuphumelela ekusebenziseni izixhobo zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abadala; unyango oluxhasayo lugxininisa ekwakheni inkxaso yentlalo, ukuphucula ii-esteem, nokusebenzisa indlela yonyango emhlabeni wonke ekucebiseni imicimbi emininzi yoonotyando oluqhelekileyo kubomi bomthengi.

Iinkqubo zonyango ezichanekileyo zobudala kufuneka ziquke ukubethana kancinci, ukuphonononga izivo, ukunikela uncedo lwezothutho, kunye nokwenza amaqela oontanga abathathi-nxaxheba abakhulileyo. Olu tshintsho luyazi ukuba iqonga elicacileyo kunye neemeko zobomi zabantu abadala, ukwenza imeko apho bavakalelwa kukuba bayaqondwa kwaye baxhaswa kunokuba bakhuselwe.

Ukuhluza Imigaqo yokunyamekela Amabhinqa kunye nonyango lobukhoboka

Imigaqo yokuzinyamekela ebangela ukukhula kwe-gereatric − njengesiseko solawulo sesi-4M (Izigulana Ezininzi, Amayeza, kunye nokukhotyokiswa))

Kulo nani, injongo ifanele idityaniswe kwaye idityaniswe nonyango olusekelwe kwi-gereatric olugxininisa ekulondolozeni ukusebenza nokulawula iimeko ezinganyangekiyo, kuquka iingxaki ze-gereria, ukunxibelelana nonyango lweziyobisi nonyango lweziyobisi. Ukuphucula impilo yala bemi babuthathaka, ukufikelela ekunyamekeleni abantu abadala, kufuneka kuphuhliswe kwaye kudityaniswe nonyango oludityanisiweyo lonyango lobuglobo olunokucombulula ingxaki yonyango lobudala.

Uxilongo kufuneka lwenzeke kumanqanaba amaninzi, kuquka nokuhlala kunye kweenkonzo, ukwabelana ngeengxelo zempilo ye-elektroniki, amaqela onyango olusebenzisanayo, kunye noqeqesho lwamaqela asebenza kunye nabasebenzi. Iingcali ze-Geratricia kufuneka zixhotyiswe ukulungiselela unyango lokukhotyokiswa, kwaye iingcali ezikhotyokisiweyo kufuneka ziqeqeshwe kwimigaqo yempilo ye-gereatric.

Ukufumana Amayeza Afuna Unyango

Iingcali ze-Geratric kunye nezinye izigulo zekliniki yezifo zabantwana kufuneka zinike abaguli abaninzi abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezinokubangelwa bubungqina obufana ne-tuplenorphine yokusebenzisa i-opioid disorder okanye inaltrexine yokusebenzisa utywala obugqithisileyo. Ukuqhubeka nala mayeza kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kusenziwa utshintsho olubangela ukuba izigulana ezininzi zibe nezifo ezinganyangekiyo.

Kanye njengokuba amayeza anyanga iinsulin engayiyeki izigulana ezineswekile ezikhutshwe esibhedlele kwigumbi labanesigulana okanye kwikhaya elinobuchule bokunyamekela abalupheleyo, ukungaziniki amayeza okusebenzisa amayeza okudityaniswa namayeza anokunganyamezelwa, kwanganjalo. Lo mgaqo umisela unyango olusebenzisa amayeza njengomgangatho wokuzinyamekela kunokuba ungenelele ngokuzikhethela.

Abenzi benkqubo kunye nabalawuli kufuneka bakwenze kucace ukuba bonke abantu abadala abasebenzisa iziyobisi abakhulileyo kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana unyango olusindisa ubomi, olusekelwe kubungqina kuzo zonke iimeko apho bafumana khona ukunyanyekelwa. Oku kuquka amakhaya asebekhulileyo, amaziko okunyamekela impilo, kunye nezibhedlele apho abantu abadala badla ngokufumana khona inkathalo kodwa apho unyango olukhotyokisiweyo lwembali lungekho okanye lungavumelekanga.

Ukufak ’ isandla Ekuboneni Iskrini Nokungenela Kwangaphambili

Uvavanyo lwezonyango lokusebenzisa iziyobisi kubantu abadala lubalulekile ekuboneni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwangoko, njengoko iimpawu zidla ngokudibana neengxaki zokwaluphala okanye zezonyango. Abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka bafake izixhobo ezisebenzayo zokuhlola utywala, ukukhathala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-MAST kunye ne-ASSIST okanye i-AGEID ukuze bafumane iziyobisi.

Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingaphikisaniyo ezifana nokuncinwa kwentsebenziswano kunceda ukusebenzisa inkcubeko esetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuchanabeka kwemvelaphi yenkcubeko nenkxalabo. Uhlolo oluchubekileyo lwenkcubeko luphucula uphando kunye nonxibelelwano olunxulumene nenkathalo, ingakumbi ngenxa yokwahlukahlukana kweentlanga nentlalo yabantu okuchaphazela aba bantu.

Kufuneka kujongwe ukujongwa konyango oluqhelekileyo, uhlolo lwe-gereatric, ukuvalelwa ezibhedlele, nokutshintshwa konyango. Iinkqubo ze-electronic zenza uvavanyo lwezonyango kufuneka ziquke iingxibo zovavanyo lwezonyango ezifanelekileyo, kwaye imizobo eluncedo kufuneka ixhobise ii-arhes ezizenzekelayo kwizixhobo zonyango ezifanelekileyo.

Ukukhuthaza ukubonelela ngemfundo noqeqesho

Izikolo zonyango, iinkqubo zonyango, imfundo yoluntu, kunye nemfundo eqhubekayo yoqeqesho lwamakliniki asebenza ngokutshayelela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu abadala. Olu qeqesho kufuneka lugubungele ukuboniswa okukhethekileyo kwee-SUD kubantu abadala, izixhobo zokuhlola ukufaneleka kobudala, iindlela zonyango olusekelwe kubungqina, kunye namaqhinga okuhlangabezana nehlazo kunye nokukhula.

Iinkqubo zonxulumano lwe-Geratric zifanele ziquke amayeza okukhotyokiswa likhoboka lotywala njengendlela engundoqo yokukhuphisana, kunye neenkqubo zonyango lobukhoboka kufuneka ziquke imigaqo ye-gereatric. Amanyathelo okuqeqesha umnqamlezo anokunceda ukuphelisa ii-silos phakathi kwezi zinto zikhethekileyo kwaye abangele umntu osebenzayo oxhotyiswe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezintsonkothileyo zabantu abadala abasebenzisa amayeza.

Kwakhona uqeqesho kufuneka luthethe ngekhethe elicacileyo kunye nesimo sengqondo sokukhula esinokuthintela abo banyamekela impilo ukuba bangakuqondi ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kwizigulana ezikhulileyo okanye bafumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Abanyamekela impilo kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukululama kunokwenzeka nakubuphi na ubudala nokuba abantu abadala bafanele bafumane unyango olusekelwe kubungqina obufanayo njengabemi abatsha.

Ukuthetha neengxaki zempilo

Ukudibana okungcono kwe-SUD nonyango lwezamayeza jikelele, kunye nokuqwalaselwa okungakumbi kwemiqathango yempilo yentlalo, yimigaqo ebalulekileyo yexesha elizayo yokuphanda nokunyangwa kwe-SUD kubadala. Ukungalungelelani kwentlalo, ukunganqabiseki kwezindlu, ukunganqabiseki kokutya, imiqobo yezithuthi, nokungaxhaswa kwentlalo konke kuba negalelo ekusebenziseni iziyobisi nasekuthinteleni ukuchachacha.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yeziyobisi ifanele ixhase ungenelelo oluthetha ngaba bantu baluthintelayo, kuquka ukuxhasa ngemali kumaziko aphezulu anika unxulumano olungokwentlalo, iinkonzo zezothutho kunyango, iinkqubo zezindlu ezivumela abantu abadala abakhulileyo ukuba bachache, kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa oontanga ezidibanisa abantu abadala nabanye abaye bajamelana nocelomngeni olufanayo.

Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu zingenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni nasekungeneleni kwasekuqaleni. Amaziko akhulileyo, uluntu lokholo, iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kwesidlo nezinye iinkonzo ezisoloko zisebenzisana nabantu abadala kufuneka zifumane uqeqesho lokuqonda iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwento nokusebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuhlisa isithintelo ngokuhambelana nephulo lokulumkisa uluntu

Amaphulo okulumkisa abantu abakhulileyo ngokungqalileyo ajolise ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abadala angenza ukunciphisa amahlazo, ukwandisa isimilo sokufuna uncedo, ukufundisa iintsapho kunye noluntu olukhoyo. La maphulo kufuneka acel ’ umngeni ukuthelekisa ukwaluphala nokukhotyokiswa, abalaselise amabali okuphumelela kubantu abadala, kwaye anike inkcazelo ngendlela yokufumana unyango.

Iphulo kufuneka lisasazwe ngemijelo efikelela kubantu abadala neentsapho zabo, kuquka umabonwakude, unomathotholo, amajelo eendaba, amajelo okushicilela, amaziko aphezulu, amaziko ezonyango, kunye nemibutho yoluntu. Imiyalezo kufuneka ilungele ukukhula, ifikeleleka ngokwenkcubeko, kwaye igxininise ithemba kunye nokuchacha

Uphando Olungakumbi Ngokusetyenziswa Kwabantu Abakhulileyo

Akukho nto yaziwayo ngemiphumo yeziyobisi notywala ebuchotsheni bokwaluphala. Ukwazi ngeengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi (SSD) kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu ubudala kulinganiselwe. Kodwa ulwazi lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (SSD) kweli qela lungancedi ngamaqela amatsha.

Imali exhaswa ngemali kufuneka ithathe ixesha elininzi ihlole indlela yonyango eyahlukeneyo abantu abadala, unyango olufanelekileyo nokhuseleko lwamayeza okusebenzisa iziyobisi kubantu abadala, unxibelelwano phakathi kosetyenziso lweziyobisi kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nobudala, kunye namaqhinga okuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu abadala.

Iimvavanyo zonyango olutsha olukhobokisayo kufuneka ziquke izalathisi ezifanelekileyo zabantu abadala ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu luntu lunokufumaneka ukhuseleko nogcino-lwazi olusebenzayo. Ukungahlaliswa kwabantu abadala kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zonyango kubangela ukuba abantu abakwikliniki bangabi nalwazi olufumana ubungqina bokunyanga izigulana zabo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo encomela iinkqubo zonyango kunye nabahlawulayo

IMedicare neZigqumo ze-inshorensi

IMedicare igubungela iinkonzo ezithile zempilo yengqondo nezonyango lweziyobisi ezisebenzisa isifo sokuphazamiseka. Umzekelo, iMedicare Part B ithatha inkxalabo yeendleko kwiinkqubo zonyango lwe-opioid. Noko ke, izithuba zokugquma zisele zisenza imiqobo yonyango olubanzi.

Utshintsho lwenkqubo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba iMedicare kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-inshorensi ezigubungela abantu abadala abakhulileyo zinikela intlawulo ebanzi kuzo zonke iindlela zonyango ezisekelwe kubungqina obusekelwe kunyango olusekelwe kulwazi olusemgangathweni, kuquka unyango olugqithiseleyo lwabaguli, unyango olufumana amayeza axhaswe kakhulu, unyango olufumana uncedo, ulawulo lwemeko-meko kunye neenkonzo zokuchachacha.

Amaqondo okubuyiselwa kufuneka anele ukuxhasa ukuphuhliswa nokulondolozwa kweenkqubo zonyango olukhethekileyo lobukhoboka bezifo zengqondo. Imbuyiselo yangoku isoloko ingakhange ikwazi ukuhlawula ixesha elongezelelekileyo kunye nobuncwane obufunekayo ukuze kunyangwe abantu abadala ngezifo ezininzi zengqondo kunye neemfuno zengqondo ezintsonkothileyo.

Utshintsho Oluyalelayo

Imithetho yolawulo yemiqathango esetyenziswayo yonyango lweengxaki zomzimba kufuneka iquke imilinganiselo yonyango lobudala, kuquka ukufumaneka komzimba, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle, ukudibana neengxaki zoluvo, kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabaphathi kwimigaqo ye-gereatric. Ukuphonononga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiqathango kufuneka kuvavanye amaziko anokukwazi kwawo ukunceda abantu abadala ngokufezekileyo.

Amakhaya asebezileyo, iindawo zokuhlala ezincediswayo, nezinye izicwangciso zokunyamekela ezinde kufuneka zilungiselelwe ukulungiselela okanye ukulungiselela ukukhotyokiswa kwabemi abasebenzisa iziyobisi. Imimiselo yangoku idla ngokudala imiqobo yokunikezela ngonyango olukhobokisayo kwezi zicwangciso, ishiya abemi bengenalo ixesha lokufumana inyameko eyimfuneko.

Izinyathelo eziphambili zophuhliso lomsebenzi

Urhulumente norhulumente ufanele afake inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuphuhlisa umsebenzi eziqeqesha abasebenzi bezonyango lwempilo, abasebenzi boluntu, kunye neengcali zokuxhasa ukukhotyokiswa kwabantwana. Iinkqubo zokuxolela, iibhunga nezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo zinokukhuthaza izifundiswa ukuba zifunde kule ndawo iphantsi.

Iingcali zenkxaso yoontanga ezisele zikhulile ezichacha zinokuba yinkxaso exabisekileyo kwaye zikhonze njengemizekelo engundoqo kwabanye. Uqeqesho kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso yoontanga kufuneka ziquke iindlela ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo abantu abadala abakhulileyo, kwaye umsebenzi weingcali ezikhulileyo zokuxhasa oontanga kufuneka ukhuthazwe ngeenkqubo zenkxaso yemali kunye neemfuno zocwangciso.

Ukuhlenga-hlengiswa Kwezinto Ezisemzimbeni Kubantu Abakhulileyo

Ukuhla kwezi ndlela zokunciphisa umonakalo kuqonda ukuba asingabo bonke abantu abakulungeleyo okanye abakwaziyo ukuyeka ukutshaya nokugxininisa ekunciphiseni imiphumo emibi yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ezi ndlela zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubantu abadala abasenokuba bebesebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni kangangamashumi eminyaka kwaye bajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni unyango olusekelwe kwisithethe sokuzinxila.

Indawo Ephambili Neyokukhusela I-odose

Iindawo zokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, apho abantu banokusebenzisa iziyobisi phantsi kolawulo lwezamayeza besebenzisa izixhobo eziluncedo zokubulala nokusebenzisa amayeza asetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo, zibonise ukuba ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukubulawa kwabantu ngokugqithisileyo nokudibanisa abantu kwiinkonzo zonyango. La maziko kufuneka enzelwe ukunyamekela iimfuno zabantu abadala, kuquka ukufumaneka nonxulumano olusemzimbeni kunye neenkonzo zonyango lwe-geriatric.

Iinkqubo zokusasaza i-anoxene kufuneka zijolise ngokukhethekileyo kubantu abadala kunye nabanyamekela abalupheleyo, ngokuqeqeshelwa ukunyanga iingozi ezingaqhelekanga ezijamelene nazo abantu abadala abasele bekhulile. Xa kunikwa iqondo eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwamayeza amayeza e-opioid kubantu abadala, i-naloxone kufuneka ichazwe rhoqo xa ii-opioid zinikwa izigulana ezikhulileyo.

Izenzo Ezikhuselekileyo

Iinkqubo zokuhlola amayeza ezigunyaziswa ngugqirha kufuneka ziquke izilumkiso ezicacileyo zokuba iflegi isenokuyifaka engozini imilinganiselo yeminyaka yabantu abadala, njengamayeza asetyenziswa ngexesha elinye kwi-opioids kunye ne-benzodiazepine, amayeza e-odopioid e-opioid ephezulu, okanye amayeza avela kwizixhobo ezininzi.

Imigaqo yezonyango yokunika abantu abadala amayeza anokuba likhoboka lotywala kufuneka igxininise ukuqala ngethamo elinamandla, ukuphinda uphinde uhlolisise imfuneko eqhubekayo, ubuchule bokudityaniswa xa kufanelekile, kunye nokudibana nokulawula iintlungu ezingezozamayeza kunye nokunyanga impilo yengqondo.

Inkxaso yeNkcubeko neMidlalo

Iinkqubo zokuhlala kufuneka zihlalise abantu abadala abakhulileyo ekuchacheni, beqonda ukuba izindlu zokuhlaziywa ngokwesithethe zisenokungafanelani nabantu abanokungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, abanezimo zempilo ezingapheliyo, okanye ezinye iimfuno ezinxulumene nokukhula.

Iinkqubo ezinceda abantu abadala banxibelelane, benze imisebenzi eluncedo, bathembisene kunye nabantu abahlala kunye, zinokuthintela ukusetyenziswa nokuxhaswa zizinto eziluncedo.

Iimbono Zehlabathi Nezenzo Ezisemgangathweni

Amazwe ehlabathini lonke ahlangabezana nocelomngeni olufanayo olunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwabemi abalupheleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Amanye amazwe aseYurophu aye avelisa iinkqubo zonyango eziqhelekileyo zobukhoboka bobudala ezisebenzisa unyango lwesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalungu omzimba kunye ne-gereatric, zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuxhasa intlalo eziphezulu, kwaye zigxininisa iindlela zokunciphisa umonakalo. Ezi ntlobo zibonisa ukuba zikho iindlela zokudala ezinceda abantu abadala abaneengxaki zonyango.

Intsebenziswano yehlabathi lonke kuphando, ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo, kunye nokwabelana ngezona zinto zilungileyo kunokwenza inkqubela ekhawulezileyo ekucombululeni olu celomngeni lwehlabathi. Iintlangano ezinjengeWorld Health Organization zinokuba nendima ekuveliseni imigaqo yezizwe ngezizwe nokunikana ulwazi.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka ekufumaneni

Ubugcisa bezonyango nezobugcisa bunika amathuba angakumbi okunyanga abantu abadala, ingakumbi abo bakwimimandla yasemaphandleni, abo bangakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle okanye abo bajamelana neengxaki zezithuthi.

Noko ke, ulwaneliseko nge-teknoloji kubantu abadala abakhulileyo lwabonisa ulwaneliseko oluphantsi phakathi kwabo banemeko ephantsi yentlalo-ntle kunye nabanye abantu abancinane kuquka abaNsundu, abaNtsundu, namaMelika Omthonyama. Oku kubalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuthetha ngolwahlulo lwamanani nokuqinisekisa ukuba ungenelelo olusekelwe kubugcisa lulula kwaye lwamkelekile kubemi abakhulileyo abahlukahlukeneyo.

Iinkqubo zeTelehealth zabantu abadala kufuneka ziquke inkxaso yobugcisa, ukuhlalisa izimvo kunye nokungakwazi ukuva kakuhle, kwaye zidibane neenkonzo ze-person xa ziyimfuneko. Iimodeli ze-gybrid ezidibanisa i-telehealth kunye notyelelo lwamaxesha athile zinokuba luncedo kubantu abadala abaninzi.

Iinkqubo zonyango zamanani, imithambo ehambayo namaqela axhasa ikhompyutha anokuzongeza iindlela zonyango zesithethe, kodwa kufuneka zenziwe ngendlela abantu abadala abacinga ngayo nabakhethayo, kuquka umbhalo omkhulu, imidibaniso eyenziwe lula nomxholo onxulumene nesigaba sobomi namava.

Ukubandakanyeka Kwentsapho Nokunyamekela

Amalungu entsapho nabakhathaleli banendima ebalulekileyo ekuboneni iingxaki ezisetyenziswa yile ngxaki, ekuxhaseni unyango nasekuxhaseni ngokuqhubekayo unyango oluchachayo. Iinkqubo zonyango lweziyobisi zifanele zibandakanye iintsapho kunye nabakhathaleli ngoxa zihlonela ukuzilawula nokuzimela kwabantu abadala.

Iinkqubo zemfundo zeentsapho nabanyamekela abantu abadala kufuneka zinike inkcazelo ngeengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi, indlela yokubona iimpawu zokulumkisa abantu abadala, indlela yokuthetha ngeziyobisi, nendlela yokufumana unyango nenkxaso. Ezi nkqubo zifanele zicombulule iimvakalelo ezintsonkothileyo amalungu entsapho asenokuba nazo, kuquka ukuziva enetyala, ukuhlazeka, umsindo kunye nentlungu.

Amaqela axhasa ngokukhethekileyo iintsapho kunye nabakhathaleli abakhulileyo abanengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi anokunikela inkxaso yoontanga, icebiso elisebenzisekayo kunye nokusebenza kweemvakalelo. La maqela kufuneka afumaneke kwaye aphakanyiswe njengenxalenye esezantsi yenkathalo ebanzi.

Imithetho ifanele incede abantu abadala abanyamekela abalupheleyo, njengoko uxinezeleko lungumngcipheko wokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Ukuqwalasela Okusemthethweni Nokufanelekileyo

Iinkqubo zeziyobisi ezichaphazela abantu abadala zimele zihambe ngendlela entsonkothileyo engokwasemthethweni nengokokuziphatha, zilungelelanise ukuzilawula, impilo kawonke - wonke nomsebenzi wokukhusela abantu abasengozini.

Ubuchule kunye neVumelwano

Abantu abadala abasebenzisa iziyobisi basenokuba namandla okwenza izigqibo aphazamisekileyo ngenxa yokudodobala kwengqondo, ukudodobala kwemichiza, okanye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezibangela imposiso. Ipolicies kufuneka inike ukhokelo olucacileyo ekuhloleni ubuchule, ekufumaneni imvume yolwazi yonyango, kwaye ibandakanya abenzi bezigqibo abatshintshiweyo xa kuyimfuneko, ngoxa kusenziwa kube yimfuneko, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuzilawula nokuzilawula kwamalungu abantu abadala.

Ukuxelwa nokungenelela

Imithetho yeenkonzo zokukhusela abantu abadala kumazwe amaninzi ifuna ukuba kuchazwe abantu abadala ababuthathaka abangakwaziyo ukuzinyamekela. Izithethe kufuneka zicaciswe xa ityhefu isebenzisa iziyobisi kubantu abadala abakhulileyo inika izibophelelo ezinyanzelekileyo zokuxela ingxelo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ungenelelo luza kuqala kunyango nenkxaso kunokuba luzibonelele.

Okusesikweni Kwezaphuli - mthetho Kubonakalisa Ulwazelelelo

Abantu abadala abasebenzisa iziyobisi abakhulileyo abaneziphazamiso ezisebenzisa iziyobisi banokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokufumana ityala leziyobisi, ngokuqhuba phantsi kwempembelelo, okanye ngezinye iityala ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Iinkundla zeziyobisi, iinkqubo zokuzihlaziya, nezinye iindlela zokugweba kufuneka zifumaneke kwaye zifaneleke kubantu abadala, ngokunxulumene nonyango olufanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo zokuxhasa.

Abantu abadala abakhulileyo abasebenzisa izigulo zeziyobisi bajamelana nocelomngeni oluthile, njengoko amaziko okulungisa esoloko engaxhotyiselwa ukubonelela ngenyameko ye-gereatric okanye unyango olukhobokisayo. Ipolicies kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba unyango olusebenzisa amayeza oluncedisayo, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kunye nokucwangcisa ukudibanisa abantu abadala nonyango olusekelwe ekuhlaleni nokuxhasa ukukhululwa.

Ukujongana nezoqoqosho kunye nenkcitho

Ukufumana unyango olubanzi olukhobokisa abantu abadala akuyomfuneko nje kuphela kodwa kukwasebenza ngendlela engokoqoqosho. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingenyangwayo kubantu abadala kubangela iindleko ezithe kratya ngokutyelelwa kwisebe longxamiseko, ukulaliswa ezibhedlele, ukusiwa kwamakhaya asebekhulile, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.

Uphando lubonise ukuba unyango olukhotyokisiweyo lusebenza, lunemali egciniweyo esetyenziswa ngokucuthwayo ekusebenziseni impilo, lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezaphuli-mthetho, kunye nomgangatho ongcono wobomi ngaphezu kweendleko zonyango. Kubantu abadala, amathuba okunciphisa iingxaki zempilo ezibiza imali eninzi nokuthintela ukufakwa kwamakhaya anyamekela ngaphambi kwexesha kwenza unyango lube nexabiso elithe kratya.

Uhlaziyo lwezoqoqosho kufuneka luqwalasele intlukwano yeendleko neengenelo, kuquka impembelelo kwabanyamekela intsapho, umgangatho wobomi, nokukwazi kwabantu abadala ukuhlala bezimele kwaye bebandakanyekile kwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Izithethe kufuneka zaziswe ngohlolisiso olupheleleyo oluchaphazela iindleko zabantu abadala abasebenzisa iintsholongwane.

Amaqhinga Okukhusela Iinkonkxa Zexesha Elizayo

Ngoxa kungxamisekile ukumelana neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu abadala, iindlela zokuzikhusela ezijoliswe kubantu abadala abaphakathi nabasebatsha zinokuwunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenzisa iziyobisi kwiqela labantu abadala abaza kuba ngamalungu akhulileyo.

Imigudu yokukhusela iziyobisi kufuneka icombulule izinto ezinegalelo ekusetyenzisweni kweziyobisi kwixesha elizayo, kuquka iintlungu ezingapheliyo, impilo engokwasengqondweni, ukwahlukana nabantu, ukukhuthaza ukwaluphala okunempilo, ukulondoloza unxulumano lwabantu, ukuvelisa iindlela zokuhlangabezana nazo eziphumelelayo, nokunyamekela iimfuno zengqondo kunokuyinciphisa ingozi yokusebenzisa izinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwixa elizayo.

Amaphulo ezempilo kawonke-wonke kufuneka acel ’ umngeni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi njengengxaki yolutsha kuphela kwaye afundise abantu babo bonke ubudala malunga nomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwixesha elizayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngendlela eqhelekileyo kunganciphisa ihlazo kwaye kukhuthaze ukufuna uncedo kwangethuba.

Abanyamekela impilo kufuneka babandakanye ukhokelo lokuzilungiselela kwizigulana ezisembindini neziselula malunga nomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi njengoko bekhula, ingakumbi kwimeko yolawulo lweentlungu ezinganyangekiyo, unyango lwengqondo, kunye notshintsho lobomi. Incoko ephazamisayo ngokusetyenziswa kotywala namayeza akhuselekileyo ingathintela ukukhula kweengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Ukwakha Umsebenzi Obalulekileyo Womgaqo - siseko

Inkqubo esebenzayo yabemi abalupheleyo yeziyobisi kufuneka ilungiselelo elibanzi elidibanisa amaqondo amaninzi ongenelelo, ukusuka kunyango ngalunye ukuya kumalungiselelo omgangatho woluntu. Esi siseko kufuneka sikhokelwe yimigaqo emininzi engundoqo:

Inkathalo ephakathi: imigangatho neenkqubo kufuneka zenziwe ngokunxulumene neemfuno, izinto ezikhethwayo, kunye nosukelo lwabantu abadala, beqonda ukuzilawula kwabo nesidima sabo ngeli lixa benika inkxaso nekhusi elifanelekileyo.

[[FLT: 0] Udibaniso: unyango lokusebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kufuneka ludityaniswe ne-geriatric nyamekela, ukunyamekela okuphambili, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso yoluntu, ukwenza iinkqubo zokungena mthungo wenkathalo kunokuba ziqhekene neesilos.

Isenzo se- esisekelwe kwi-evidence:[ i-Pricies kufuneka yaziswe ngobungqina bophando malunga noko kusebenzayo kubantu abadala abasebenzisa inkxwaleko, ngokuqhubeka kuvavanywa nokuphucula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyaphumelela.

ububanzi: i-Piloria kufuneka ithethe nolwahluko ekufikeleleni nakwiziphumo ezifunyanwa ngabantu abadala abasuka kumaqela amancinane eentlanga, abo banemeko ephantsi yentlalo yezoqoqosho, kunye nabanye abantu abaphantsi.

[[UMTL:0] ucutho lwendlela: i-Picies kufuneka yamkele iindlela zokunciphisa umonakalo ezidibana nabantu apho belapho, ukunciphisa iziphumo ezingalunganga zokusetyenziswa kwento, kwaye wenze iindlela zokufumana kwakhona ezisenokungafuneki ukuba ungakhawulezi ulibaleke.

Imbono yobomi ifanele iqaphele ukuba iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kubantu abadala zisoloko zinemvelaphi kumava obomi bangaphambili nokuba ukuthintelwa nokungenelela kwangoko kusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kusenokunciphisa ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubomi bamva.

Ukusebenzisa Ucelomngeni Neziluleko Zokuphumelela

Ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yeziyobisi kubantu abalupheleyo kujamelana nocelomngeni oluninzi, kuquka uqoqosho oluncinane, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ubuchule bokunyamekela abantu nokuxhathisa ukutshintsha.

Ukuganana kwabantu abadala abanamava, amalungu entsapho, abanonopheli bezonyango, abaququzeleli bemigaqo-nkqubo, abaphandi, nemibutho yoluntu ukuze basebenzisane ngokuyila nangokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo. Ukuzibandakanya ngokunentsingiselo kwabantu abadala kuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo iyasabela kwiimfuno zabo nakwizinto abazithandayo.

Iinkqubo zesikhokelo kunye nomboniso ziyakwazi ukuvavanya iindlela ezintsha, ukuvelisa ubungqina bokusebenza, kunye nokwakha inkxaso kuzalisekiso olubanzi. Izikolo ezifundwe kubaseki bakuqala zingazisa ulungiso kunye nolinganiso longenelelo olunempumelelo.

Kubalulekile ukuba iinkqubo zenkxaso exhasweyo zixhase uphuhliso nogcino lweenkqubo zonyango olufanelekileyo lobukhoboka obudala. Oku kungaquka ukubonelela ngemali enikezelweyo, ukuhlawula iinguqu, kunye nokusebenzisa inkxaso yemali eninzi.

Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kunye nobuchule bokuphendula kuqinisekisiwe ukuba iinkqubo zinika impumelelo, ukunyanyekelwa ngokufanelekileyo kweminyaka. Umlinganiselo womsebenzi kufuneka uquke zombini imilinganiselo yenkqubo (njengexabiso lokuxilonga kunye nokufikelela kunyango oluncedisiweyo) kunye nemilinganiselo yeziphumo (ezifana nonyango lokubuyisela, ubunjani bobomi, kunye nemeko esebenzayo).

Indlela Engaphambili: Ubizo Lwesenzo

Ukudibana kwabemi abalupheleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kumele olunye lweengxaki zempilo kawonke-wonke zamashumi eminyaka azayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labantu abanesifo sokwaluphala, abaneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu, eUnited States liya kuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-72.1 ngonyaka wama-2030. Ngaphandle kotshintsho oluphawulekayo lwenkqubo, izigidi zabantu abadala ziya kuqhubeka zigula ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinganyangwanga, zifumana izifo ezinokuthintelwa, ukufa, nokuncipha komgangatho wobomi.

Ubungqina bucacile ukuba kukho ungenelelo olusebenzayo, unyango lusebenza kubantu abadala, kwaye iindlela ezibanzi, ezifanelekileyo zobudala zinokuphucula iziphumo eziphawulekayo. Oku kungenalwazi kodwa kunoko kusingeko ukuthanda kwezobupolitika, ukwabiwa koovimba, kunye nenguqulelo yenkqubo efunekayo ekuguquleleni ubungqina ekusebenzeni ngomlinganiselo.

Abenzi benkqubo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente kufuneka babeke imilinganiselo ephambili kule mbambano, bamisele oovimba, batshintshe imimiselo, baze baphendule ityala lokunceda abantu abadala abasebenzisa iziyobisi. Iinkqubo zonyango lwempilo kufuneka zitshintshe iindlela zabo zokunyanga, zidibanisa unyango olukhobokisayo ne-geratric kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu abadala bayakwazi ukufumana unyango olusekelwe kubungqina.

Abanonopheli bezonyango kufuneka boyise isimo sengqondo sobudala kunye neengxaki zolwazi, beqonda ukuba izigulo zokusebenzisa amayeza zisetyenziswa kwizigulana zabo ezikhulileyo zibonelele okanye zinike iintsapho kunye nabantu abahlala kuzo kufuneka bavavanye ukuhlazeka, baxhase abantu abadala ekululameni, baxhase nemigaqo neenkqubo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabo.

Abaphandi kufuneka baqhubeke bevelisa ubungqina obunempumelelo kwiindlela zokufikelela, bagcwalise ulwazi kunye nohlolo longenelelo olutsha. Abantu abadala kufuneka banikwe amandla okufuna uncedo, babe nenxaxheba kunyango, babelane ngamava abo ukuze bazise inkqubo baze banciphise ihlazo.

Isiphumo: Ukudala iNkcubeko yeMichiza Esetyenziswa Kakuhle Ngeminyaka

Njengoko inani labantu liqhubeka lihambela phambili kuluntu olukhulileyo, imfuneko yokutshintsha imigaqo-nkqubo yeziyobisi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zabantu abalupheleyo ayizange ingxamiseke kakhulu. Ukungalungelelani okukhoyo kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu abadala kufuna ukukhawuleziswa, kodwa ikwanika ithuba lokuphinda sibuyele kwindlela esicinga ngayo ukukhotyokiswa ngalo lonke ixesha lokufa.

Ukwenza iinkqubo zeziyobisi zobudala kufuna ukuqhubekeka ngaphaya kwendlela enye yokufumana zonke ukuqaphela iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, amandla, kunye nocelomngeni lwabantu abadala. Kufuna ukudibanisa unyango olukhotyokisiweyo nezonyango lwe-geratric, ukuthetha nabanqanda impilo, ukunciphisa ihlazo kunye nobudala, nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela okulinganayo konyango olusekelwe kubungqina kubo bonke abantu abadala kungakhathaliseki ukuba baluphi uhlanga, ubuzwe, imeko yentlalo, okanye indawo.

Iindlela ezichazwe kweli nqaku `ukusukela ekukhuleni kweenkqubo zonyango ezichanekileyo zobudala kunye nokukhuthaza uqeqesho lokuzinika uncedo lokunciphisa iindlela zokonzakalisa kunye nokubonelela ulwahlulo oluphakathi kwentlalo-ntle. Ukufakela imaphu yendlela ukwenzela utshintsho lwenkqubo. Ukusebenza kuya kufuna ukuzinikela okuzinzileyo, oovimba abaneleyo, kunye nentsebenziswano kumacala nemigaqo.

Imeko azinakuba ziphezulu. Yonke imihla edlulayo ngaphandle kwentsabelo yomgaqo-nkqubo imela olunye usuku lokubandezeleka kwabantu abadala abakhulileyo abaneengxaki zonyango lwezamayeza neentsapho zabo. Kodwa ngokuzalana, ngemigaqo yobungqina, nemfesane, singenza iinkqubo zenkathalo ezixhasa ukwaluphala okusempilweni, zisenza sichache nakubuphi na ubudala, yaye sihlonela isidima nokuxabiseka kwabo bonke abantu abadala.

Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zeziyobisi eziquka abantu, ezinolwazi, nezilungele abantu bobudala, asinakulungisa nje kuphela ingxaki ekhoyo kodwa sikwakhela isiseko sokwaluphala okusempilweni kwisizukulwana esizayo. Oku akungombandela nje wenkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke . Oku kubonisa amaxabiso ethu njengebutho labantu nokuzimisela kwethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, banethuba lokuphila ubomi obunempilo, obungenaziphene neempembelelo ezitshabalalisayo zeziyobisi.

Ulwazi oluninzi olungokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nonyango, tyelela i- Substance Abuse kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMental ze-odoli okanye IZiko lesizwe lokusebenzisa iziyobisi [. Iziko elinjenge [[FLT:]] iMelika yoMbutho eMelika kwi-Admian[[FLT:]] [FLT]]] inikela imithombo ebhekisele ngokukhethekileyo ekukhuleni nasekusebenziseni izinto, ngelixa izibange zokulawula izifo nokweHlusela. [[FLT] inikela ugcino-lwazi kunye nokhokelo lwemichiza. [FLT] Icandelo lobudala]