Ukuqonda Ukuziphatha Okufanelekileyo Kwempilo Kawonke - wonke

Iinkqubo zempilo kawonke-wonke zizisigqibo esicwangcisiweyo, imimiselo, nemithetho emiselwe ngamasebe karhulumente, imibutho engangeni ngeniso, kunye nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe enenjongo ecacileyo yokukhusela nokuphucula impilo yabemi. Le nkqubo isebenza kwimigangatho emininzi yempilo-ntlalo-ntle yabemi.

Inkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke yale mihla isebenza kwinkqubo yezonyango yezentlalo esebenzayo equka iinkqubo zezempilo, amaziko ophando, amaqela obuchule bokukhusela abantu, ushishino lwamashishini, kunye ne-media. Umgcini-gosa ngamnye uzisa iimbono ezahlukileyo, ubuncwane, kunye nezilangazelelo kwitafile. Umgaqo-nkqubo ofuna ukunyanzelisa ukugonywa kwemali enyanzelisa ukungeniswa kwesikolo somzali ngamnye ngokuchasene nemfuno yokhuseleko lobuqesholo-mpungezo. Ngokufanayo, irhafu yentlawulo lweswelo yeswekile elungiselelwe ukunciphisa ukutyeba okuninzi kufuneka ilungele inzuzo yoqoqo-mali nxamnye neziphumo zezotywala nabathelisi abancinane. Le ngxaki ayingongenakuthinteleka kuphela kodwa iyafuneka ekulawuleni kolawulo lobudemokhrasi, njengoko benyanzela abaceli begunyazisa inkqubo yemithetho-demokhrasi ukuba bathethe yaye bakhusele ukungenelela ukungenelela igalelo.

Ukubaluleka Komgaqo - siseko Osekelwe Kubungqina

Ukwenziwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kubungqina (EBPM) lisiseko soqheliselo lwale mihla lonyango loluntu ngokubanzi. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ngolungelelwano olungcono kakhulu uphando lwenzululwazi, uphando lwenzululwazi, uphando, uhlolo, kunye nohlolo-hlolo lwexabiso lokunika ulwandiso lokwenza ubuchule, ukuphumeza kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yempilo. Ukugxininisa kubungqina kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba oovimba bayayalelwa kungenelelo olungqinelwe ukusebenza, kunokuba kusetyenziswe olona lukhoyo, kusetyenziswa ngengqiqo, okanye ubuchule bezobupolitika. imigaqo esekelwe kwimigaqo-yo esisiseko yempilo esekelwe kwinjongo yabo kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezicetyiweyo kwaye ngokunokwenzeka kubangela umonakalo ongakumbi ekunokubangela iingozi kuluntu, kunokuba kunokuthi kubekho iingozi kulwazi lwempilo oluninzi lweziphumo lwezizwe.

Iinzuzo ezininzi zithethelela utyalo-mali kwimiba eqhubekekayo yolwazi:

  • I-Profect ecacileyo: i-Pricies esekelwe ekuboneni ngaphaya, ekuphuculweni kulula ukukhusela phambi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho, iinkundla, kunye noluntu. Xa ubungqina bucacile, abachani bafumana ixesha elinzima lokuvavanya isiseko senzululwazi senkqubo.
  • Isiphumo sobuvuzi: ubungqina obuqatha bunciphisa ubungozi bokusetyenziswa kongenelelo olungaphumeleliyo ukuvelisa ingeniso yempilo enentsingiselo. Umzekelo, iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungalindelekanga zibonise ukuba iinkqubo zokutshintshana kwenaliti zinciphisa usasazo lweHIV ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweziyobisi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ukwamkela kusasazo olusasazekileyo.
  • Ukholo olukhoyo: Xa abemi bebona ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kwizibakala, hayi kucalucalulo okanye ulumvo, ukuthemba kwabo kumaqumrhu ezempilo kawonke-wonke kuyakhula, nto leyo ephucula ukuthobela uncomelo ngexesha longxamiseko olufana nezifo ezihlaselayo.

Noko ke, kuxhomekeke kuphela kubungqina obukhoyo bungadala ezona zinto zikhoyo. Ubungqina obukhoyo bungangaphelelanga, buphikisane, okanye buthatyathwe kubemi abangafanelaniyo nengingqi yabajoli. Abenzi benkqubo basoloko bejamelene noxinzelelo lwexesha olungalivumeliyo uphando oluqinisekileyo, olubanyanzela ukuba benze ngokuvisisana nobungqina obukhoyo ngexesha lokungaqiniseki. Ngaphezu koko, ubungqina bodwa abunakukwazi ukucombulula ukungavumelani ngexabiso elisekelwe kwixabiso, njengenkululeko eninzi ekufuneka inikelwe ukuze kuzuze impilo yabemi. Ukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwenzululwazi nophatho lwedemokhrasi ngolunye ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo kulawulo loluntu.

Ukusetyenziswa kweQumrhu

Inkqubo nganye yempilo kawonke-wonke ibandakanya ukurhweba ngezantsi, ukuphonononga okuvelisa iingenelo ngexesha elinye nokudala iindleko kubaxhasi abahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda nokuhlalutya ezi ndleko kubalulekile ekuphuculeni iinkqubo ezisebenzayo nezingalawulekiyo. Ngeli ngezantsi, sihlola iindidi eziliqela ezixhaphakileyo zokuthengwa kwentengiso eziye zafunyanwa ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kwazo.

Indawo ekuyo uvimba wefayili

Iinkqubo zonyango lukawonke-wonke zisebenza phantsi koqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo, abasebenzi, kunye nezibonelelo. Xa inkqubo entsha ivelisiwe, isoloko ifuna izinto eziluncedo ezikhoyo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo. Le zero-sum enamandla ingadala uxinezeleko, ingakumbi xa inyathelo elitsha lijongene nomba ophezulu weprofile ngexesha umi ixesha elide kodwa uphayano olubonakalayo olukhoyo. Ngokufana nothintelo lwengeniso olusezantsi lwabantwana okanye uvavanyo lwezifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini. [FLT]] indleko ephakathi: yonke ingeniso echithwa kwenye inkqubo ayinakuchithwa kolunye ungenelo oluluncedo.

  • Ukusebenzisa imali kwingqalelo eyintloko ukuya kujongwa ngezifo ezikhethekileyo kusenokuwenza buthathaka umgudu wokuzikhusela.
  • Ukukhupha abasebenzi abatsha ukuba bafumane inkqubo yokuqengqeleka kunokunyusa ukunqongophala kwezinye iindawo ezinzima, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudinweni amandla phakathi kwabasebenzi abakhoyo.
  • Ukuveliswa kwemali kusenokushiya imali encinane ukuze kusetyenziswe izigulana.

Abenzi benkqubo kufuneka benze uhlalutyo olunexabiso elipheleleyo kwaye babandakanye kwiinkqubo zokwenza kube lula. Ukudibana nabasebenzi abaphambili kunye nabameli boluntu ngexesha locwangciso loqingqo-mali kunganceda ekuboneni ukuba ziziphi ezinokubangela umonakalo omncinane ngoxa zisafikelela kwiinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha.

Ukukhuthazwa nokwamkelwa

Kwaneyona nkqubo yoluntu echuliweyo yezenzululwazi izakusilela ukuba abemi abajoliswe kuyo abala ukuthobela. Ukuququzelela kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela abayiqonda ngayo inkqubo esemthethweni, esesikweni, nokungalungisi. Imithetho egunyazisa ukuziphatha . "njengezitshixo", izigunyazo, okanye iimfuno zokugoma iintolo zokubuyisa ingxubeko, okanye ukugonya-gonya okungakhange kubangele ukuxhathisa, ingakumbi ukuba bagqalwe njengegxelel' inkululeko yobuqu okanye bamiselwe ngamagunya akude. , uqhutyo lwengqondo ukubuyisela inkululeko esongelwa, lungakhokelela ekungangeni kwento engokwangangeni kwezono okanye echasayo.

  • Ukunikela imiyalezo kumaqela athile enkcubeko neelwimi kunokwenza kube bhetele ukuchana kwemikhwa, iingozi neengenelo.
  • Ukungathobeli kunokubangela ukuba amasebe ezempilo kawonke - wonke asele ekulungele ukunyanzelisa abantu ukuba banyanzeleke, nto leyo ephazamisana nemfundo nokuthintelwa.
  • Kwezinye iimeko, ukuxhathisa kungabangelwa kukungathembani ngokwembali iinkqubo zonyango phakathi kwabemi abaphantsi, ezifuna ulwakhiwo lolwalamano olude kunokuthi kusasazwe ulwazi olulula.

Ubuchule bokuphucula ukuthobela kuquke ukuphunyezwa kwemiqathango equkiweyo, izikhuthazo zokuzithandela phambi kwemiyalelo, kunye neenkqubo zolwazi olungeniswayo. Iinkokeli ezijikelezayo kunye nabathunywa abathembekileyo ngexesha lenkqubela-phambili yenkqubo bangakhulisa ukwamkelwa ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokomzekelo, unxulumano nemibutho esekelwe elukholo ephuculiweyo luthatha amaqela amaninzi eendawo ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19.

Ukulingana nofikelelo

Inkqubo ephucula umlinganiselo wempilo yabemi isenokuyandisa ukwahlukana kwempilo ukuba inceda ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto amaqela asele engenelwe. Umzekelo, ukubolekisa irhafu ngamalungu omzimba omzimba ngokuyintloko kunceda abo banengeniso nexesha lokuncedisa kwimithambo, ngeli lixa kungenzi nto kubasebenzi abaphantsi abakwimimandla ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zokuzonwabisa. Ngokufanayo, ungenelelo lwezempilo lwamanani lungaphosa abantu abakhulileyo, abasemaphandleni, okanye abangenayo imali encinci ngaphandle kokufikelela ngokuthembeka kwi-intanethi.

  • Izithethe kufuneka zenziwe zibe nosukelo olucacileyo lwengqiqo ziphelekwa luhlolisiso oluthi lubangele ukuba iziphumo ziqhekeke ngohlanga, ingeniso, ijoni, nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko.
  • Ukukhutshwa kwenqanawa, ukufikelela okuncinci, kunye nemifanekiso esekelwe kuluntu inganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi ababuthathaka abashiywa.
  • Iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga ezifana nokukhuliswa kwenqanawa okanye ukushenxiswa okubangelwa kukukhuliswa kwakhona kwempilo yedolophu, kufuneka zilindelwe kwaye zincitshiswe.

Ukuthengiselana ngentengiso kuphakathi kwezona zityholwa kakhulu kwezobupolitika kuba zinyanzelela ibutho labantu ukuba lijamelane nokungalingani kwezakhiwo. Abenzi-nkqubo kufuneka bakulungele ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nerhafu eqhubekayo, iinkonzo ezisisiseko jikelele, kunye nokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko ukulwa notyekelo lwezonyango olusekelwe kwiimarike ukwenzela ukungenelela izityebi kuqala.

Urhwebo Lwezoqoqosho Nezobupolitika

Ngaphandle kokwabiwa kwezibonelelo, iindleko ezibanzi zezoqoqosho nezezobupolitika zingenza iziphumo zenkqubo yonyango loluntu. Imithetho ephucula impilo idla ngokubeka umthwalo wezoqoqosho ofutshane kushishino oluthile. Umzekelo, ukuvalwa kokutshaya kunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwecuba kunye neebhari zezokutyela eziphazamisa ii-oyile kunye neevenkile zokutyela ezixhomekeke kwintshayiti; irhafu yeswekile ichaphazela abenzi beziselo zotywala; kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yokungalinganisi zinokunyusa iindleko zamandla emakhaya afumana ingeniso ephantsi kwezoqoqosho. Le mpembelelo yezoqoqosho ingenza inkcaso enamandla kwimizi yoshishino echaphayo exhobisayo. Imicimbi yezopolitiki esoloko iphuma ngamandla. Xa abenzi bemicinelo mithetho yezopolitiki kufuneka bakhethe phakathi kweenzuzo zonyango ezibanzi kunye nezilangazelelogculo zeqela leqela labantu abafumana iimfuthoba kodwa elincinane.

Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo-nkqubo yempilo kawonke wonke inokuba neziphumo ezinyulwayo kumagosa anyuliweyo awaxhasayo. Amanyathelo aququzelelayo angapheliswa lulawulo olulandelayo, kuveliswe ukungazinzi kwenkqubo okuphazamisa ukucwangcisa ixesha elide. Ukuzinziswa kwempilo yoluntu ngexesha le-COVID-19 kubonisa indlela okunokuzenza zibe nzima ngayo izinto ezisingqongileyo ezisekelwe kwiinkqubo zobungqina. Ukwakha iminqoqo-siseko ebanzi, ebandakanyekayo kwixabiso elicace gcaba elithe tyaba, kunye nokuyila imigaqo-nkqubo ekwimiqathango yokutshona kwelanga okanye izinto ezisetyenziswayo kunceda ekulawuleni ezi ngxaki zezobupolitika.

Iingenelo zempilo zexesha elide vs. Ukungagqibeki kwexesha elifutshane

Iinkqubo ezininzi zempilo kawonke-wonke zivelisa iingenelo zazo ezinkulu emva kweminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, ukanti zinyusa iindleko ezikhawulezileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka. Umzekelo, ukucuthwa komxube ekutyeni okudityanisiweyo kungathoba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluthe rhoqo kubemi abatshayo, kodwa kufuna ukunyuswa kwemijelo yorhwebo oluphezulu nolungiso lwabathengi. Imigangatho ye-Vhicleellee inciphisa amaxabiso e-asima kunye nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha kwisizukulwana esithile, kodwa inyusa amaxabiso ezithuthi zaleemoto namhlanje. Abenzi bomthetho bajongenengxaki yokuthengisa ingeniso yexesha elide esoloko ixabisa ulwaneliseko olukhawulezileyo, inzuzo ezikude, ukuthanda ukuvuzwa kweprobili. utyekelo olugqithisileyo olungaphaya kweziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kokuthintela ukuthintela ukukhusela.

Ukuthetha ngale trandoff kufuna unxibelelwano olucacileyo lweengenelo ezinyukayo, imigca edityanisiweyo yexesha, kunye nee-conenefti ezinika inkqubela-phambili ebonakalayo ngokukhawuleza, njengomoya ococekileyo okanye iingozi ezincitshisiweyo zenqwelo-moya. Ukunxulumanisa imigaqo yempilo yexesha elide nokhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho okanye ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunganweba isiseko senkxaso.

Uphando lwemithetho yezonyango kawonke-wonke

Uhlolisiso lwemizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene lunceda kubonise indlela ukuthengwa okubonakala ngayo ekuqheliseni kunye nezifundo ezinokuzotywa. Olu hlolisiso lulandelayo lubalaselisa umahluko ofunekayo ekulinganiseni izinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo.

Ukutshaya Kuyavalwa

Ukuvalwa kokutshaya okungapheliyo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke .Kukho iivenkile zokutyela, iibhanki, kunye neendawo zokusebenza eziye zasetyenziswa kwizixeko ezininzi nakumazwe amaninzi ukususela ekuqaleni koo 2000. Ingenelo ephambili yempilo kukuncitshiswa komsi osetyenziswa ngumntu otshayelelayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni kweqondo lomhlaza wemiphunga, isifo sentliziyo nezifo zokuphefumla kubantu abangatshayiyo. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba ukuvalwa okunjalo kokungatshayi kusenokunciphisa ukubhebhetha nokukhuthaza ukuchacha. Noko ke, le migaqo ijongene nenkcaso eqhubekayo kubaphathi bezoshishino abasoyikiyo kwaye abatshaya abajonga imithetho njengenkcitha ingulo yenkululeko yobuqu.

  • Inzuzo yeHealth:[ Uhlomelo olucwangcisiweyo olupapashiweyo ku Ujikelezo lufumanise ukuba imithetho engatshatiyo inxulumene nonciphiso lwe 15% lwalayishwa kwesibhedlele kuhlaselo lwentliziyo.
  • Impembelelo yezoqoqosho: uphando olungqongqo lufumanise ukuba akukho mpembelelo imbi kwivenkile yokutyela okanye kwingeniso yebhari, ngokuchaseneyo nentelekelelo yoshishino. Noko ke, amashishini ngamanye anokulahlekelwa yexeshana ngexesha lotshintsho.
  • Ukungangeni komsebenzi wokutshaya kudla ngokuba luncedo kakhulu kubasebenzi abafumana imali ephantsi ngokubuka iindwendwe, ababekhe bachanabeke kakhulu kutshayi.

Ityala lokuvalwa komsebenzi wokutshaya libonisa ukuba ubungqina bungamelana ngokunempumelelo nenkcaso, kodwa bukwagxininisa imfuneko yenkxaso yokuguqula.

Amapolisa Agocagoca

Iimfuno zokugoma ukugonya, eziqheleke kakhulu ekungeneni esikolweni, ziye zaba ligumbi lobomi boluntu kangangamashumi eminyaka. Baye banciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuvela kwezifo zesakhono-mmungumu, ipoliyo, kunye ne-plessis. Noko ke, ukunyathela okunyanzelisayo kuphakamisa imibuzo enzulu ngezomzimba wesigulo kunye nemilinganiselo yamandla karhulumente. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunyuka kombutho olwa ne-antintin ny (accine) kuye kwabangela ukuba kubekho impikiswano engakumbi, abanye abazali abafuna ukukhululwa kwentanda-ntandabulumko okanye konqulo. Ukuthengwa kwamalungelo abantu ngabanye kunye nokhuseleko lwamaqeqele kubaluleke ngakumbi xa imidanga ephantsi komda yokukhusela abantu abangenamandla okukhusela abantu abanokungenwa ngenxa yezizathu zonyango.

  • Impilo ephezulu yokugoma inqanda ukuqhambuka, ukusindisa ubomi kunye neendleko zonyango. Umzekelo, iCDC iqikelela ukuba ukugonywa kwabantwana rhoqo eUnited States kuthintela malunga nezigidi ezine zabantu abafa ngonyaka.
  • [[NTL:0] Amalungelo oluntu: Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi izigunyaziso zinokungqubana neenkolelo zonqulo okanye ulawulo lwabazali, kwaye banokunciphisa ukuthemba impilo kawonke-wonke xa benyanzelekile.
  • [[NTL:0] ukulungelelaniswa: izindululo ezicwangciswe kakuhle ezilungiselelwe ukufumaneka lula kumayeza okugonya angahlawulwayo zinganciphisa umahluko ekuhlawulweni kwento yokugoma, kodwa ukunyanzelisa okungqongqo kakhulu kunokusohlwaya iintsapho ezijongene nemiqobo.

Abenzi bomthetho bangasebenzisa le mithetho yokurhweba ngokudibanisa imiyalelo yokungahlawulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo, ukudityaniswa kwebutho labantu, kunye nezihlomelo ezifana nokuthunyelwa kwemali okunxulumene nemibandela ethile okanye iikliniki zokugoma ezisekelwe esikolweni. Eli tyala libonisa ukuba imigaqo engokwasemthethweni nengokokuziphatha kufuneka icetywe ngobuchule ukuze kuxhaswe inkxaso kawonke-wonke.

Name

Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, izigunyaziso zemask zaba yindawo yokudambisa iingxoxo ngegunya loluntu kunye nenkululeko yobuqu. Ubungqina obuvela kwizifundo ezininzi bubonisa ukuba ukugquma jikelele kunciphisa ukudluliselwa kweentsholongwane zokuphefumla, ingakumbi eziminyeneyo ngaphakathi kwendlu. Noko ke, imiyalelo yadala ukuthengwa kwabantu abanezi meko ezithile zempilo abajamelene nobunzima bokunxiba amasigqubuthelo esigqubuthelweni; ukunyanzelisa kwakhokelela kwingquzulwano; kunye nokufumana iingeniso eziphantsi ngamanye amaxesha kuzama ukuthenga okanye ukufikelela kwimifihla - buso. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwamasigqubuthelo entweni kwamanye amazwe kujongeke ukuthomalaliswa kujongeka kuhle nako ngokubhekisele ekutyekelo lwempilo kawonke. Urhwebo oluphakathi koncedo oluselungenelo oluphezulu luxhomekeke ekubekeni kwemiqatha ekulawuleni kwemiqatha kunye nokhuseleko oluthengwa ngabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo kufuneka ngenyameko.

Iingcali ezininzi zempilo zikawonke-wonke zakhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo ecacileyo, engaguquguqukiyo nokugxininiswa ekunikezeni amacici-maski obuqu kunokuba zinike izigwebo. Le ngxaki yabalaselisa ukuba kwanemigaqo exhaswa bubungqina inokugatywa ukuba uluntu aluwathembi amaziko akhuthazayo.

Imisebenzi yeeDilesi zeTreaderensis

Ukuqhuba ngempumelelo iintengiso ezikwinkqubo yonyango lukawonke-wonke kufuna izixhobo eziphindiweyo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokukunceda abenzi benkqubo banciphise iziphumo ezingalunganga baze baqinisekise ukuba banokufikelela kwiinjongo zempilo.

Abaxhasi Bezinto Ezininzi Bebandakanyeka Kumsinya Namaxesha Ahlukeneyo

Ukudibanisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwabaxhasi bezonyango, abasebenzi bezonyango, iinkokeli zezoshishino, amaqela obuchule, kunye neengcali zemfundo (ukusukela kumaqondo okuqala enkqubela-phambili yenkqubo) kunokutyhila iintengiso ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ziqiniswe. Iinkqubo zokuncedisa, ezifana nokuva, iibhodi zonxibelelwano, kunye nengxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho, zivumela abenzi benkqubo ukuba baqonde amaxabiso nenkxalabo abaza kuchaphazeleka. Xa abafaki-mthetho beviwa, basenokufumana inkxaso engakumbi yenkqubo yokugqibela, kwanokuba baquka izinto abazichasayo. [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLT:] iingxubeko, kunye nengxoxo yokwaluvo, zinyusa nokuncitshiswa kwemiqatha okanye ukuchasana.

Yenza Imisebenzi Enempembelelo Epheleleyo

Phambi kokusebenzisa inkqubo entsha, uhlolo olubanzi lwempembelelo lufanele luvavanye iziphumo zalo ezinokubakho kwimpilo, ukulingana, uqoqosho, namalungelo abantu. Uhlolo lwempembelelo yempilo (HIA) sisixhobo esilungelelanisiweyo esidibanisa ugcino-lwazi olunenani, ukulinganisa ubungqina obudityanisiweyo, kunye negalelo loonogada ukuxela iziphumo zeziphumo zemiqathango yokuzikhusela. Umzekelo, iHIA yolwandiso lohola ocetyiweyo wasedolophuleni lungatyhila ubunzima obulingana nobunzima be-asimasmas kuluntu olufumana i-ascemistries okanye i-geacrified. Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo nohlolo olulandelayo emva kokusetyenziswa kwemiqatha luvumela iziphumo ukuba iziphumo ezithelekelelwayo zivela.

Iqinisekisa uNxulumano oluBalulekileyo

Kucacile, unxibelelwano olunyanisekileyo ngobungqina, ukurhwebelana, nokungaqiniseki kwenkqubo kubalulekile ekwakheni ukuthemba uluntu. Iindlela zonxibelelwano kufuneka zisebenzise ulwimi olucacileyo, imijelo emininzi (kuquka i-media yoluntu, iifocum, kunye nezixhobo zokuthumela imiyalezo ezifanelekileyo ngokwesithethe), ukuvuma amacala enkqubo . ./i-ather kunokuyichaza njengento elungileyo engenakuthenjwa. Amagosa amele achaze indlela ukurhweba okuye kwalinganiswa ngayo, kunye nendlela ezikhuseleke ngayo ii-'athoric's' ezikhoyo.

Yakha Ngokulungelelanayo Nolawulo Oluzinzileyo

Imilinganiselo engqongqo kakhulu ingasilela kujongo lokutshintsha kweemeko okanye ubungqina obutsha. Ukusebenzisa amabinzana okutshona kwelanga, iinkqubo zomqhubi, kunye nokuqengqeleka okulungiselelweyo kuvumela uvavanyo kunye nokulungisa. Umzekelo, irhafu yeswekile ingasetyenziswa ngesantya esiphantsi ekuqaleni, ngokuvavanya ukwakhiwa kwempilo kunye neziphumo zezoqoqosho ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe ukuba ukulungelelanisa ukunyuka kwesantya. Ulawulo oluguqukayo luquka ubuchule bokuhlola ngethuba kunye nokuqinisekisa. Le ndlela ihlonela ukuntsonkotha kwenkqubo yempilo kwaye iyavuma ukuba akukho nkqubo igqibekileyo ukususela ekuqaleni.

Yenza idilesi ngomsinga ophezulu

Uthengiso oluninzi lungancitshiswa ngokuqwalasela ingcambu yeengxaki zempilo-ntlalo, yezoqoqosho, kunye nemekobume edala ukuziphatha neziphumo. Kunokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha yomntu, imigaqo ethetha ngobuhlwempu, indlu, imfundo, kunye nomsebenzi ingenza iingenelo ezibanzi zempilo ngaphandle kokurhweba. Umzekelo, ukuveliswa kwemfundo yehlabathi lonke kwabantwana baselula kuboniseke kuphucula impilo yobomi bomntu nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nenkcaso esiphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neenyathelo ezithelekisa ubuhlwempu. Ukudibanisa ungenelelo lwemida nemigaqo exhotyiselwayo kunokubangela ukuncitshiswa kweziphumo eziyingozi.

Isiphelo

Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezintsha zonyango lukawonke wonke ngokungenakunqandwa kubandakanya ukuhamba ngeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zorhwebo. Kodwa ezi ngxaki azimele zithintele iintlobo ezikhoyo; ukuthobela uluntu akuqiniseki; izithuba ezithe ngqo zinganda ukuba azichasani; imikhosi yezoqoqosho neyezobupolitika ibangela inkxalabo ekhawulezileyo kunye neenzuzo zexesha elide zibangela ukuvavanywa komonde kawonke-wonke. Kodwa ezi ngxaki azimele zithintele ukuthatha inyathelo. Endaweni yoko, zibiza inkqubela phambili, inkququ, kwaye zisebenzisa indlela ecacileyo yokwenza inkqubo yezonyango, zibandakanya ezo zichaphazelekayo, zihlala zivulekile ekuzilungiseni izinto. Ngokumkela inyaniso yezorhwebo kunokuba zityeshele, iinkqubo zezezezezezezezempilo ezingezincedisileyo kodwa ezigcina impumelelo, kodwa ezisemgangathweni zempilo azizilungeleni nakuhle, kodwa zihlala zikho nje ezithe ziphuculwe ngendlela ezizizo ezizizo zize zihambelene.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwezempilo esekelwe kubungqina kunye nothengiso lukawonke-wonke, qwalasela ukuhlola i- CDC yesiseko se-POLARIS ukwenzela uphando lwenkqubo, i- World Health Organization yokhokelo lwe-World Health mayelana nohlolo lwempembelelo yempilo[, kunye nohlalutyo lwemithetho yokugoma okusuka kumaqumrhu akhokelayo e-bioethictics.