Ulwalamano oluphakathi koMongameli waseUnited States nesebe lowiso-mthetho lilelona lembombo lenkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela eMelika. Ngeli xesha umGaqo-siseko ebhala "onke amagunya owiso-mthetho" kwiBhunga, uMongameli wenza indima engundoqo ekusebenzeni komthetho. Kunokusuka ekubeni ngumqwalaseli ongenzi nto, umphathi oyintloko usebenzisa intlobo-ntlobo zomgaqo-siseko, ezopolitiko, kunye nezixhobo ezingacwangciswanga zisemgangathweni ukubumba umthetho. Ukusuka kwipeni yemifanekiso ye- icontion de kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo "ipully Caprio," oomongameli baye basoloko bephembelela oko kudluliselwa, ukulahlwa, okanye ukutshintshwa. Ukuqonda ngokucothayo kwezi migaqo kuyimfuneko kubafundi, abaqeqeqeshi, abaqeshi, nabemi bezama ukuqonda ukuntabalala kwenkqubo yemithetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko.

Inkqubo yoMthetho nobuNkulumbuso

Uhambo lwemali esuka kwicebo ukuya kumthetho lundlela ende nejingayo. UMongameli angangenelela phantse kwinqanaba ngalinye, nangona isaziso esisemthethweni singummandla okhethekileyo wamalungu eBhunga. Le nkqubo iqala ngokuqulunqwa komthetho, ngokufuthi kulawulo lwesebe elilawulayo. Amasebe kunye namaqumrhu alawulayo asoloko ecebisa iindleko kubamisi-mthetho abanobuhlobo, ukunikeza ulwimi, ugcino-lwazi, kunye nemigaqo yokuthethelela. Isicelo soqingqo-mali soMongameli, umzekelo, sidla ngokuquka izicelo zomthetho ezineenkcukacha eziye zaziswa ngoko ngamaqumrhu kwiBhunga.

Idilesi ye-ICC ye-ICC ye-ICC

ISizwe sonyaka seSizwe se-Union sesinye sezona migangatho zibonakalayo kuMongameli ukumisela ucwangciso lwemithetho. Kule ntetho, uMongameli uchaza izinto eziza kuqala kwinkqubo, ubiza iCongress ukuba isebenze kwimiba ethile, kunye nemiqobo yesizwe. Le mfuneko yomgaqo-siseko (iSiqendu II, iCandelo 3) iguqukele kwisiganeko esingundoqo sokuphendula, esilungiselelwe ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lukawonke wonke kubenzi bomthetho kunye nemiqondiso yoko iNdlungela iNdlungela-ntle.

ISebe lisebenza

Uninzi lomsebenzi ocuthwayo womthetho uyenzeka kwiikomiti zombutho. Impembelelo kaMongameli apha iboniswa ngamagosa esebe aphetheyo anikela ubungqina phambi kweekomiti, anika uhlalutyo lobuchule kunye nezithuba zolawulo. Unxibelelwano lwendlu kunye nee-ofisi zesebe lemicimbi yemithetho zisebenza ngokusondeleyo kwizihlalo zekomiti kunye namalungu aphezulu ukubumba iindleko ngexesha lokuchongwa. Oomongameli abaphumelelayo balondoloza unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo namalungu ekomiti angundoqo, ngamanye amaxesha bathumela oonobhalane besebe ukuze bangqinele okanye benze ukuba uMongameli onguMongameli weSebe adibani adibane namalungu ekomiti ngasese.

Impikiswano Ephathelele Umgangatho NeziHlaliso

Xa ityala lifikelela kumgangatho weNdlu okanye weNdlu yeNdlu, uMongameli angaphembelela iziphumo ngokukhupha ngqo. Izimemo ezivela kwi-Oval ofisi, izimemo zokuya kwimicimbi yeNdlu Ezimhlophe, kwanodumo okanye ukugxekwa kuwonke-wonke zingawagqugqisa amalungu angakhange afumaneke. UMongameli uxhomekeke kukhokelo lweqela. "" Umthetheli wendlu neNkokeli yeMajoni yeCather---"ukulawula ingxoxo yomgangatho, ukulawula ukuvota, nokuqinisekisa ukuba imali iqhubekeka.

Ukongezelela, ucwangciso loMongameli luhambele phambili ngexesha lenqanaba lengqungquthela, apho umahluko phakathi kweNdlu kunye neenguqulelo zeNdlu yeQela usoloko unxibelelana ngokungacwangciswanga; ukuma okunzima kwilungiselelo elithile kungakhokelela abo bathe banikwa uphando ukuba bamkele isikhundla somongameli sokuphepha isisongelo.

Amandla Eveto

Iveto yeyona ndlela inamandla yokuhlola ngqo yeMongameli kwiKhomishini. Phantsi kweCandelo I, Icandelo 7, uMongameli uneentsuku ezilishumi (iiCawa ezigqitha iiyure ezimbini) ukwenza umsebenzi kwimithetho edluliselwe ngala magumbi omabini. Iinketho kukusayina uxwebhu kumthetho, ivumele ukuba ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino (ukuba iBhunga liseseqophelweni), okanye lilo. Icandelo eliphantsi leSizwe libuyela kwiBhunga, elinokuyisusa kuphela ngemivoti emibini-isithathu kwigumbi lazo zombini, --a bar ephezulu eyenza ukuba inxalenye enkulu ye-vetoomgqibelo.

Iintlobo Zemiphunga

  • [[FLT: 0] I-VT engqukuva: uMongameli ubuyisela uxwebhu kwigumbi lokwesuka nomyalezo ochaza iimpikiswano. Lo myalezo unokuba luxwebhu olunamandla oluyekelelayo, oluchaza inkxalabo zomgaqo-siseko, ukungavumelani kwenkqubo, okanye ukuphikisa okubhaliweyo.
  • iProcet Veto: Ukuba iKhomishini efaka ukreqo ifa kwifestile yemini elishumi, uMongameli angasayisayisayisayi. Ityala alibuyeli kwiBhunga, ngoko akukho thuba lokuqhuba ngaphezulu. Eli qhinga lisoloko lisetyenziswa ekupheleni kwentlanganiso yengqungquthela kwaye linokuphikisana ukuba iBhunga lixabanisa ingcaciso ye "intelekelelo yomthetho ye-"adjourment ment."

Izisongelo Zeveto Njengesixhobo Sokunyusa Intloko

Mhlawumbi iphembelela kakhulu kuneveto ngokwayo sisisongelo. Abameli basoloko bekhupha "iinkqubo zolawulo" (SAP) ngexesha lenkqubo yowiso-mthetho, iBhunga elilumkisayo ukuba uMongameli uza kukhupha iindleko ezithile ukuba unemiqathango ethile. Ezi zisongelo zinganyanzela iBhunga ukuba lilungise umthetho wokulungisa iveto, ngokunempumelelo ukunika uMongameli isihlalo etafileni yengxoxo phambi kokuba kudluliswe umthetho. Umzekelo, uMongameli uGeorge H.W. Bush wasebenzisa izisongelo zokukhupha utshintsho kuMthetho we-Delete Air Act ka-19909.

Ingxelo yembali ibonisa amandla eveto. Ngonyaka wama-2024, oomongameli baye bakhupha ama-vetoe aqhelekileyo angama-500, kunye ne-10% bengenaluvo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ivetoes epokotho iye yasetyenziswa kamakhulu ngamakhulu. Ubuninzi bevetoes butshintsha ngokubanzi(."Franklin D. Roosevelt edumileyo ityala le 635, ngexesha abanye oomongameli bale mihla bekhuphe ngaphantsi kwe-20. Ngokwahlukileyo oku kubonakalisa umahluko kulawulo lwe-Rofull, iinjongo zepolisi, kunye nesimbo sokulawula. (Jonga i-[FLTPF:0]]FFTraffriongalinn"ionto amanani).

Imiyalelo yegunya eliphakamileyo kunye nolawulo loMongameli

Xa impembelelo engqalileyo yowiso-mthetho isilela okanye ihamba kancinci kakhulu, oomongameli badla ngokuphethukela kwimiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo nakwezinye izenzo ezingekho mgaqweni. Umyalelo olawulayo ngumyalelo okhutshwa nguMongameli olawula imisebenzi karhulumente. Ngeli xesha ungeyonto ithathela indawo imithetho, imiyalelo yabalawuli abalawulayo ivumela oomongameli ukuba baphumeze iinkqubo ngaphakathi kwemiqathango yomthetho okhoyo okanye balathise indlela isebe eliphetheyo eliyinyanze ngayo imimiselo.

Ummandla kunye neGunya

Imiyalelo yegunya ifumana igunya kuMgaqo-siseko (ngokukodwa iSihloko sikaClaus kwiNkqutyana II) kunye nemimiselo edluliswa yiKhomishini. Zithwala impembelelo yomthetho yabameli besizwe kwaye zingasetyenziswa ukuseka iinkqubo ezintsha, ukukhuthaza, ukuchaza ngokutsha, okanye ukwenza imikhosi yomsebenzi. Imizekelo yakutshanje iquka umyalelo ka-Harry Truman's orcessived mkhosi (Umthetho 9981), kunye nomyalelo kaFranklin Rooselt ogunyazisa i-internment yomkhosi wase-Japan (Imiyalelo ye-Exective 906). Imizekelo yakutshanje iquka iDeverrected Act for Child Agellations (DAC) inkqubo yomkhosi we-Obama noMongamelius Trumpt) phantsi kolurst ulus lwama.

Imida Nocelomngeni Olusemthethweni

Imiyalelo elawulayo inyanzelwa nguMgaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho okhoyo. Ingabethwa ziinkundla zikarhulumente ukuba zinokugqitha igunya lobumongameli okanye zingquzulana neenjongo zoburhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, umongameli olandelayo uyakwazi ukuphelisa okanye ukulungisa nawuphi na umyalelo wegunya ngestroke esilula sepeni/a uphawu oluwenza ukuba izenzo ezinjalo zingabi nabukhali kunomthetho. Abachasi bangacel ’ umngeni imiyalelo phantsi koMthetho we-Administrative Procedure okanye bathi baphula ukwahlukana kwamandla. Ugcino-zincwadi lwesizwe lungawuphelisa nawuphi na umyalelo wolawulo oluphezulu

Intlanganiso yeMibatha neMiboniso

Ukongezelela kwimiyalelo yabalawuli, oomongameli basebenzisa iintlanganiso zomongameli kunye nezibhengezo ukulathisa amaqumrhu karhulumente. I-Metranda idla ngokuthetha ngemicimbi yolawulo yaye ayisoloko ifuna ukupapashwa kwiFederal Register. Izindululo ziqhele ukuba zingezomsitho kodwa zinokuba nemiphumo esemthethweni, njengokuvakalisa ungxamiseko lwamazwe oluvula amagunya omthetho.

Ingxelo Zokusayina

Esinye isixhobo esingaziwa kakuhle kodwa esinempembelelo yingxelo yokutyikitya. Xa umongameli etyikitya umthetho, maxa wambi akhupha ingxelo ebhaliweyo ebonisa indlela abawuchaza ngayo umthetho. Ezi ngxelo zisenokuvakalisa ukuba amanye amalungiselelo akamiselwanga, abonisa indlela isebe elilawulayo eliya kuwusebenzisa ngayo umthetho, okanye linikele nje ugqabaza lwezopolitiko. Ngoxa iingxelo zokutyobela zingenagunya elithe ngqo elisemthethweni, zinokuba nempembelelo kwindlela abameli neenkundla eziwuchaza ngayo umthetho.

Lo mkhwa waba ngobalulekileyo phantsi koMongameli George W. Bush, owasebenzisa iingxelo zokutyikitya ukucel ’ umngeni amakhulukhulu eemeko ematyala, ngokufuthi ephikisa ngelithi baphazamisana nelungelo lomongameli kwimicimbi yangaphandle okanye kukhuseleko lwesizwe. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukutyikitya iingxelo kulingana "umgangatho welungu lomgca" ngaphandle kwegunya lemithetho-siseko, ngeli lixa abakhuseli bezibona ziyindlela esemthethweni yomsebenzi wotolika kaMongameli. Kwingqokelela yeengxelo zokutyikitya okungokwembali, bona iProject yoLawulo lwaseMelika .

Ukuphembelela Uluvo Lwaseluntwini

Ngapha koko kudibana ngqo neKhonkxamente, oomongameli basebenzisa amandla okuphembelela uluntu ukuba babumbe imekobume yowiso-mthetho. UTheodore Roosevelt wabiza umongameli ngokuthi yi-"pulp," kwaye le ngcamango isekho nanamhlanje. Ngokubeka imibandela enzima, ngokukhuthaza inkxaso kawonke-wonke, nangokusebenzisa ingcinezelo kubenzi bomthetho, oomongameli bangenza iimeko zezobupolitika ezifunekayo ukuze umthetho udlule/okanye ukuze kubulawe izikwelo ezingathandwayo.

Amajelo Angokwesithethe Nawale Mihla

Abameli bebesoloko besebenzisa iintetho, iingqungquthela, needilesi zikanomathotholo ukunxibelelana nemithetho yabo ephambili. UFranklin Roosevelt's "Umphathi-Ndlela yokuphatha" unceda ekwakheni inkxaso kwiinkqubo ze-New Devic. Iidilesi zikaRonald Reagan ezinyuliweyo zidibene noxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke ukuze kunqunywe irhafu. Kwinkulungwane yama-21, amaqonga ezentlalo afana no-X (owayenolwazi) uvumela oomongameli ukuba bagqithe kumajelo-ndaba kwaye bathethe ngqo nezigidi. Umongameli uTrump, umzekelo, wasebenzisa uTrump, ngokufuthi umkhosi okhuphisayo ukubhengeza izisongelo, okanye ukugxeka amalungu eBhunga loMbutho, kunye nokugxeka isiseko sakhe emva okanye ngokuchasene nezindleko ezithile.

Amaphulo Kawonke - wonke Neengxwabangxwaba

Abameli bahamba rhoqo ngaphandle kweWashington ukuya kukhuthaza iintlanganiso zabo. Iintlanganiso zekampeni, iiholo zedolophu, kunye nokutyelela iziqithi ezingundoqo zingavelisa ukhupho-ndaba lwengingqi kwaye zifake uxinzelelo kubameli ukuxhasa iNdlu enguWhite. "Uluntu Loluntu" icebo lokuhamba ngeentloko zeBhunga-ngqungquthela ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kuvoti--------------------------kanjani isebenza ngokunempumelelo kumgangatho womongameli kunye nemozulu yezobupolitika.

Ukusebenza Nemibutho Yezobupolitika Nokhokelo LwamaBhunga

Unxulumano lweqela loMongameli mhlawumbi lolona lubalulekileyo luthintela impumelelo yowiso-mthetho. Xa iqela elinye lilawula zombini iNdlu eWhite kunye neNgqungquthela, oomongameli banandipha impumelelo ephezulu ekudluliseni izinto eziphambili zemithetho yowiso-mthetho. Ngexesha lala maxesha okumanyana kukarhulumente, uMongameli usebenza ngokunempumelelo njengenkokeli yomphathi-gosa, ebumba imimiselo yowiso-mthetho ngemibutho, iimbaleki, kunye neentlanganiso zokhokelo.

Umanyano Lweqela Nezibopho

Inkokeli zeqela kwiNdlu neNdlu yeNdlu eMkhosi neNdlu yeNtlanganiso zisebenza ngokusondelelene neNdlu emhlophe ukuqinisekisa uqeqesho lweqela. Iqela lemicimbi yemithetho yezomthetho loMongameli linxibelelana nesabhokhwe seqela, elibala ivoti kwaye licinezele amalungu ukuba axhase amatyala olawulo. UMongameli anganikela okuthile ngokubuyisa/ukuxhasa iprojekthi yesithombo selungu, ukubonakala kwephulo, okanye isabelo esilungileyo sekomiti. Urhulumente omanyeneyo usoloko ephumeza kumthetho wesigqeba, njengoMthetho weAffordable Careance (2010) phantsi koMgaqo-o-Obama noMphathi-Siphetho-S (2017) kunye noMsebenzi (2017) phantsi koMgaqophelo-oMongameli.

Urhulumente Wahluleleneyo Nokungabikho Kwentsebenziswano

Xa amaqela awahlukeneyo elawula iWhite House kunye negumbi elinye leBhunga-ngqungquthela, nemeko ebizwa ngokuba ngurhulumente owahlulekileyo, iyalinganiselwa kwaye ifuna uxoxiso. UMongameli kufuneka asoloko elalanisa neqela lenkcaso ukuze adlulise umthetho, okanye axhomekeke kwiivetos ukuvala amatyala angafanelekanga. Amandla karhulumente owahlulelweyo angakhokelela ekuzinzisweni korhulumente, kwi-drocklock, okanye kwi-bipartistan ulwano olunjengomthetho we-1986 we-Tax Reformation okanye 2021 we-Intellicractal Infactal Infactal Intections kunye noMganiso womsebenzi. Kwimeko ezinjalo, amandla kaMongameli wokwakha imibutho ukunqumla imibutho enqamle kwe-pane.

Impembelelo yohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali: Isindululo soMongameli soHlahlo-mali

Enye yezona mpembelelo zinamandla angazinzanga uMongameli anayo kumthetho yinkqubo yoqingqo-mali yesizwe. UMongameli unika isicelo sonyaka nonyaka soqingqo-mali kwiNgqungquthela, echaza izinto eziza kuqala, izicelo zengeniso, kunye neenguqu zenkqubo. Ngelixesha iBhunga linganyanzelekanga ukwamkela uqingqo-mali lukamongameli, lisebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokuxoxa ngengxoxo kunye nokumisela imilinganiselo yokuchasana.

I-Ofisi yoLawulo noHlahlo (OMB), encedisa uMongameli, yenza indima ephambili ekuqulunqeni uqingqo-mali kunye nezicelo zophicotho-ziqulo. I-OMB ikwakhupha "Iingxelo Zolawulo Zolawulo" kumthetho obekiweyo, ukubonelela ngesikhundla solawulo kwaye isoloko isongela umba ogqithisileyo ukuba uchitha imida ethile. Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali inempembelelo kangangokuba oomongameli basoloko beyisebenzisa ukucebisa iinguqu ezinkulu zenkqubo.⁠ezithi zifakelwe utshintsho lwezempilo, ukubekwa kwakhona kwerhafuthelo, okanye ukulungisa irhafuthezo----ukufuna umthetho owahlukeneyo ukuze kwenziwe. (amaxwebhu ohlahlolo-mali apheleleyo ayafumaneka [[FLD:]).Indlu yaseHosgo/omclovb[FF1]

Isiphelo

Indima kaMongameli ekubekeni umthetho idlulele ngaphaya kwegunya leveto. Ngesicwangciso socwangciso, ukhuthuzo olungqalileyo, ukhuthazo lukawonke-wonke, imiyalelo yabalawuli, iintetho zokutyikitya, kunye nenkqubo yoqingqo-mali, umphathi oyintloko usoloko elungisa iziphumo zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente wephondo. Ukusebenza phakathi kwamasebe alawulayo kunye nowiso-mthetho kunamandla, kuphenjelelwa ngamandla, lulawulo lweqela, ubuchule bezopolitiko, uluvo lukawonke-wonke, imidaba yoluntu, kunye nemida yemithetho-siseko. Ukuqonda ezi migaqo kucacisa indlela uMongameli anokuba yinkokeli yohlanga kunye nomdlali ongundoqo kwinkqubo ye-Genegalelo-[15] kunye noMthetho, maxa wamanye amaxesha njengemiqobo, kodwa njengomkhosi ombindiswayo. Abafundi kunye nabaqeqeshi, babamba izixhobo ezi zinto ziyimfuneko kumfanekiso opheleleyo wolawulo lwaseMelika.