Ukuqonda Amandla Ezobupolitika: Uhlolisiso Olunetyala

Amandla ezobupolitika yingcamango esisiseko kwinzululwazi yezobupolitika nakwinzululwazi yentlalo, ebhekisela kumandla abantu, amaqela, okanye amaziko okuphembelela, ukulawula, okanye ukukhokela indlela abanye abantu abaziphatha ngayo kunye nezigqibo zoorhulumente. Asiyonkqubo edibeneyo kodwa yinkqubo esebenzayo ebumba imithetho, imigaqo, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Kwinkcubeko efana noMax Weber, ochaza amandla okunyanzela ukuba umntu aphikise ukuthanda kwakhe, kubalandeli bomhla onjengoSteven Lukas, owathi wahlola ubuso obuthathu bobumandla (ukwenza imiqathango, ukwenziwa kwemithetho, ukulawulwa kwemiqathango, kunye nokulawulwa kwemicimbiswano yezopolitiki), ufundisi oluhlala lukho kulawulo olusemgangathweni, iJastivel, kunye neng.

Amandla ezobupolitika asebenza kwimigangatho emininzi: kumaziko asemthethweni (amaqela okubulala, owiso-mthetho, ogwebo), esebenzisa iinkqubo ezingacwangciswanga (amagxamesi, amaqela anomdla, imibutho yezentlalo), kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko ezibumba oko kucingelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka okanye kwamkelekile. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iimpawu ezingundoqo, iintlobo, ukusebenzisa, ii-lens zentelekelelo, kunye neengxaki zezobupolitika, zinika isiseko esicokisekileyo sokuhlolisisa indlela amandla asebenza ngayo kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje.

Iimpawu Zamandla Ezobupolitika

Amandla ezobupolitika anokuqondwa ngokweenkalo eziliqela ezahlulayo kumandla angekho ngqiqweni okanye impembelelo nje ekhoyo.

Igunya

Igunya limele ilungelo elifanelekileyo lokwenza izigqibo nokunyanzelisa imithetho. Lahlukile kwimithetho enyanzelisayo ngenxa yokuba abo baphantsi kwegunya bayayamkela njengebophelelekileyo, ngokufuthi ngenxa yesithethe, iinkqubo zomthetho, okanye ukhokelo lwezobugcisa. Max Weberray edume ngokuba ziintlobo ezintathu ezifanelekileyo: isithethe [ [iiintloko zelifa lemveli], i-agractal [FLT] i-agsty (iiiindawo ezimeleyo, imimiselo yesiseko, imimiselo yesiseko, ne[FLT]] [[FLT]]] iinkokeli zendaleko, ii-Pluplust], umzekelo, iruplustral, ngenxa yegunya lomthetho, nexabiso elithenjiweyo.

Impembelelo

Impembelelo bubuchule bokuchaphazela indlela abanye abaziphatha ngayo okanye iinkolelo zabo ngaphandle komyalelo ongqalileyo okanye ukunyanzelwa. Isenokusetyenziswa ngobuchule, ubuchule, izibongozo zokuziphatha, okanye ulawulo oluchuliweyo. Cinga ngengcali yenkqubo elawula umthetho ngokunikela ubungqina, okanye umxhasi wenkqubo yezentlalo ophembelela uluvo lukawonke-wonke kwimicimbi yezobupolitika. Impembelelo idla ngokusebenza ngokuphuma kwimbonakalo, iyenza ibe nzima ukulinganisa kunegunya elisemthethweni kodwa elinamandla ngokulinganayo.

Ulawulo

Ulawulo lubhekisela kubuchule bokukhokela oovimba, amaziko, kunye neenkqubo ezibhekisele kwiinjongo ezithile. Ulawulo lwezobupolitika luquka ukumisela ucwangciso lwemithetho, ukuhlahlela uqingqo-mali, kunye nokuthumela umkhosi karhulumente (amapolisa, umkhosi). Ngokomzekelo, umongameli olawula isebe elilawulayo angabeka imigaqo ethile emiselweyo ngoxa evala abanye. Ulawulo lukwayandisa ukulawula inkcazelo: oorhulumente abamisela imiqathango inkululeko ngokumisela umda oko kwaziwayo ngabemi.

Iindidi Zegunya Lezobupolitika

Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kunceda kutyhile isizathu sokuba abanye abadlali babe nempembelelo ngoxa abanye bengaphenjelelwa.

Amandla okudlala

Amandla asebenzisanayo axhomekeke kwisisongelo okanye ekusebenziseni amandla ukunyanzelisa ukuthobela. Oku kuquka ukunyanzelisa umkhosi, ukunyanzelisa amapolisa, ukuvalelwa entolongweni, okanye izigwebo. Nangona umkhosi wenkohlakalo ungowona ubonakalayo, usoloko uyinto yokugqibela ngenxa yokuba ukhulisa ingqumbo kunye nokuchasa. Ulawulo lobugunya lusoloko luxhomekeke kumandla okuthintela ukuchasana. Noko ke, kwanakulawulo-demokhrasi lusebenzisa amandla okuxhasa asemthethweni ngokusemthethweni, xa kunyanzelelwa imithetho yendlela okanye iinkundla zenkundla.

Umvuzo Wamandla

Ukunika umvuzo kubandakanya ukunikezela ngengenelo yokuthobela okanye ukuxhasa. Kwezobupolitika, oku kungaquka ukudibana kwemali, izivumelwano, inkxaso-mali, ukurhoxa kwerhafu, okanye ukuxhasa imali kawonke-wonke kwimisebenzi. Irhuluneli ingamvuza ummisi-mthetho onyanisekileyo ngosihlalo wekomiti, okanye urhulumente anganikela izikhuthazo kwiinkampani ezixhasa imizi - mveliso efudukayo. Amandla anokukhuthaza ukunyaniseka kodwa kwakhona abangele u-0363 kunye nokonakala ukuba asetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni.

Amandla Omthetho

Ithenjiwe ukusuka kwiindawo ezisesikweni ezingaphakathi kwenkqubo . "njengesikhundla esinyuliweyo, iinqanawa zokwahlulela, okanye amaqela azimeleyo"amandla agunyaziswa yimithetho nemigaqo. Abalawuli banika igunya ngonyulo; imithetho echaza umlinganiselo wamandla esebe ngalinye. Umongameli unegunya elisemthethweni lokulawula umthetho, kodwa kuphela kumda womgaqo-siseko. Olu hlobo lwamandla luzinzile ngenxa yokuba lufakwe kwizakhiwo zombutho, kodwa lufuna ukuthenjwa nguwonke-wonke okuqhubekayo ukuze luhlale lusebenza.

Amandla Obugcisa

Amandla obuchule abangelwa lulwazi olukhethekileyo okanye ubuchule obuxabiseke kwabanye. Izazinzulu ezicebisa ngenkqubo yemozulu, izazi zezoqoqosho ezikhokela izigqibo zezezoqoqosho, okanye oonozakuzaku bezivumelwano ezithetha ngezivumelwano zisebenzisa wonke amandla obuchule. Abenzi besigqibo baxhomekeke kwiingcali ukuze bafumane ulwazi oluchanileyo, banika iingcali impembelelo engangqalanga kwiiziphumo zenkqubo. Noko ke, amandla obuchule anokukhuphiswana ngawo.

Amandla Aphinde afumaneke

Amandla anamandla asuka kwimpembelelo yomntu, ulwalamano, okanye ukuqatshelwa ninkokeli. Ngokungafaniyo negunya elimiselweyo, igunya elimiselweyo lifumaneka ngokunconywa, ukuthembana, kunye nonxibelelwano lweemvakalelo. Iinkokeli zePopulist ezifana noHugo Chávez okanye abantu bembali njengoMartin Luther King Jr. zikhuthaza izigidi ngezixhobo ezinamandla. Olu hlobo lukhawulezileyo kuba luxhomekeke ekuqhubeni umbheno womntu, kwaye lungasetyenziselwa ukuquququzelela okanye ukuququzelela idemokhrasi.

Amandla athambileyo v. Amandla anzima

Kulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe, amandla anzima . Iquka umkhosi kunye noqoqosho. Ilizwe elifaka uncedo lwamanye amazwe, utshintshiso lwenkcubeko, kunye nezixhobo zokuthengisa. Lixhomekeke kwinkcubeko, amaxabiso, kunye nolawulo lwezorhwebo. amandla anzima aquka amandla omkhosi kunye noqoqosholo. Uhlanga olufaka unikezelo kuncedo lwamanye amazwe, ukutshintshisana kwenkcubeko, kunye norhwebo lwehlabathi lonke luyakha amandla athambile. I-Dihoverworkworket ne-Jamani imizekelo enamandla asebenzayo. Imeko engcono kakhulu i-PGPHPT]

Indlela Amandla Ezobupolitika Asetyenziswa Ngayo

Amandla ezobupolitika akangowokulawulwa nje kuphela; asetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukususela ekulawuleni okusesikweni ukusa kwimpembelelo echuliweyo yengqondo.

Umthetho nokwenza imigaqo-nkqubo

Ukubekwa komthetho yeyona nkqubo ithe ngqo yegunya lezobupolitika. Imimiselo ebhaliweyo elawula yonke into ukusuka kwirhafu ukuya kumalungelo abantu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuthelekisa, ukulungisa, kunye nokuvota `amandla onke adlala. Umzekelo, i-Afford Care Act efuna iminyaka yokuxoxisana, ukulalanisa, kunye nobuchule bokuyila. Abenzi bemithetho basebenzisa amandla okulawula: amaziko afana ne-indawo ekhusela indalo ekhupha imithetho enxulumene nomthetho, ngokufuthi elawulwa yimithetho ye-Rogractive.

Ukweyiselwa Nokufakwa Kwendlela Kawonke - wonke

Ukulawula ukubethwa kwengxelo sisixhobo esinamandla agxekayo. Iinkokeli zisebenzisa iintetho, iingqungquthela, kunye ne-media yoluntu ukubumba indlela eqondwa ngayo imiba. Ingcamango ye ifaka ulwamkelo[]. Ngokunjalo, ukumela imbambano kukukhanya okuthile kuyakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba inkqubo ifumene inkxaso. Umzekelo, ukubiza irhafu yefa njenge-patriat, iphembelela uluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ngokufanayo, izibhengezo zezobupolitika zisoloko zibhenela kwiimvakalelo ezinjengokoyika okanye ukukhuthaza ukhuthumelo. Ubuchule bonxibelelwano lwepolitiki ngoku buyimali ephinda-ibhili-4-000 zeshishini loshishino-langa, iqinisekisa inqanaba layo.

Ucwangciso lwe Agenda

Njengokuba ulwakhiwo lwemisinga emininzi yesakhiwo sikaJohn Kingdon lubonisa, ubuchule bokucwangcisa iingxube buluhlobo olungundoqo lolawulo. Abo bagqibayo ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezifumana ingqwalasela(* kwaye zeziphi ezingahoywayo). Iindawo zokukhupha iiMedia, iitanki, iiplagi ezicinezelayo, kunye namaqela enzala akhuphisana ukunyusa imiba efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukufuduka, okanye ukukhathalelwa kwempilo. Ngexesha lamaxa lamaxakathi, oorhulumente bayakwazi ukubeka izicwangciso ezithile, njengoko kubonwa ngeempendulo zobungozi. Ngokuphikisana noko, abadlali abanamandla bangacinezela imibano, njengemibutho ekhuthaza ukulwa nomthetho wemo yemozulu.

Isakhiwo Sendawo Ekwakhiweni Kwemali Nentsebenziswano

Kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, akukho menzi-majoni wezobugcisa udla ngokuba namandla aneleyo okusebenza yedwa. /ukulungisa isakhiwo somanyano phakathi kwamaqela, amaqela abantu, okanye amazwe . "amandla akhoyo) asisiseko. I-European Union ibonakalisa amandla asekelwe kumanyano, apho amalungu anxibelelana ukuze alungele ukulalanisa. Ulwamkelo lubandakanya ukuthengiselana, ukuthembana, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Amaqela ezobupolitika adla ngokwenza urhulumente emva konyulo, esasaza ii-portolios ezisekelwe kumandla olungiselelo. Ukungaphumeleli ukwakha imidibaniso kungakhokelela kwi-drock okanye kwiinkqubo ezigqwetha.

Ukuxhotyiswa kwentsebenziswano

Ngamanye amaxesha abadlali bezobupolitika batshintsha imithetho yomdlalo ngokwawo batshintshe amandla abo. Ukutsala imigca yesithili ukuxhasa iqela, "ingumzekelo obalaseleyo. Iinkundla zinokufakwa kumanyanisi, iinkqubo ezikhethiweyo zitshintshwa, okanye amagunya anwenwe. UViktor Orbán wase Hungary wasebenzisa umGaqo-siseko ukuqinisa amandla olawulo, ukunyusa inkxalabo ngedemokhrasi.

Imbono Engachananga Ngegunya Lezobupolitika

Abaphengululi baye bavelisa imizekelo ekhuphisanayo ukuze bachaze ukuba ngubani onegunya kwezobupolitika nendlela elisebenza ngayo.

I-Plarumiism

Izazi ngezithethe ezifana noRobert Dahl ziphikisa ngelithi amandla ezobupolitika asasazeke phakathi kwamaqela amaninzi akhuphisanayo, amaqela, amaqela, amajelo eendaba, abaxhasi abalawulayo ngokungaguqukiyo. Kufundisiso lukaDahl lweNew Haven (1961), wafumanisa ukuba amaqela awahlukeneyo aphembelela imibandela eyahlukeneyo, ethintela nabani na onegunya lokulawula zonke iziphumo. I-Plaviko iqikelela ukuba urhulumente usebenza njengomxhasi ongathathi calathi-nxaxheba. Noko ke, abagxeki baphawula ukuba ukulingana kwezakhiwo kunye nokufikelela kobutyebi, kwenza ubuninzi bubenobuchule obubodwa obubodwa obubodwa buzekekayo kunokuba bubobobobobobobobo.

I-Elite Theory

Ngokwahlukileyo kubuninzi, abalandeli abaphezulu abafana no-C.Wright Mills no-G. William Domoff baphikisa ngelithi izikhulu ezincinane, ezincedisanayo zinegunya kwiintlangano zezoqoqosho, zezobupolitika, kunye nezomkhosi. “igunya eliphakamileyo” labelana ngemvelaphi, ii-glasi kunye nezilangazelelo, libenza bakwazi ukubumba izigqibo ezingundoqo ukuze bathandwe. Iinkqubo zenkqubo ze-Domoff zibonisa indlela ezicinga ngayo iitanki, iziseke, kunye neebhodi ze-maqumrhu. Ingcamango ka-Elite ibonisa indlela asebenza ngayo phezu kwayo naphantsi kwemithetho yezopolitiko, ingakumbi kwimibutho yezemali nenkxaso-demokhrasi.

Imbono KaMarx

Kumarx, amandla ezobupolitika ekugqibeleni afumaneka kulwalamano lwecandelo lezoqoqosho. Urhulumente sisixhobo sodidi olulawulayo", usebenzise ugcino lweziko lobukhapitali. Kwanamazwe olawulo-mpukane abonwa njengogcina ukungalingani kodidi ngemigaqo efana nokusikwa kwerhafu kwizityebi okanye ulawulo lwerhafu. Iintshayelelo zeMarxist, ezifana noAntonio Gramsci, ukwazisa ingcamango [[FLT: 0] rhemony: udidi olulawulayo lunyusa amandla kuluntu ngenkcubeko, imfundo, kunye novimba-ndaba-ndaba, usenza ukuba ulawulo lwalo lubonakale luyinto yendalo. UHegemony ucacisa isizathu sokuba amaqela acuphiselweyo maxande iinjongo zawo.

Amandla eFoucault

Michel Foucault onamandla okuphinda acinge njengendlela engaqhelekanga yokucinezela kodwa esebenzayo. Amandla adityaniswe kwizenzo zemihla ngemihla `indlela esiziqeqesha ngayo, indlela amaziko adibanisa ngayo abantu, indlela oluveliswa ngayo ulwazi. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zentolongo zikha “elinquents”; amagunya ezonyango achaza“aqhelekileyo” kunye“ nengaqhelekanga. [Fucaucault’s [[FLT:]panofin[[[[FLT:]] isikwerezekiso esichaza indlela ezisoloko zizenza ngayo ii-rejiji. Lo mbono ubonisa ukuba amandla ezobupolitika akaphezulu nje kodwa akhutshwe ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo, kwaye asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zentlalo, enza ukuchasana okuntsonko.

Indima Yamandla Ezobupolitika Ebuthoni

Ulawulo lwezobupolitika lulawula phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi, ukususela kwimicimbi yesizwe ukusa kwinkcubeko.

Ulawulo noyilo lweziko

Ulawulo lwezopolitiko lulawula indlela abantu abalungelelaniswa ngayo ngokulawulwa ngedemokhrasi, ngedemokrasi, okanye ngolawulo oluyimijuxuxu. Iziqu ezifana nezindlu zowiso-mthetho, iinkundla, kunye nee-bureaucracy ziziziko zamandla ezenza izigqibo zomjelo. Izicwangciso zomGaqo-siseko (iiingqungquthela, iingqungquthela) zolwahlulele ngokwahlukileyo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zesizwe zabela amandla ngokuthe nkqo, zivumela ulawulo lwengingqi, ngoxa iinkqubo zeyunithi ziseko lolawulo. Iingqiningxezo kunye nolungelelwano lokuthintela naliphi isebe elinye ekulawuleni, kodwa ziyakwazi ukukhupha amandla ahlukeneyo ukuba amandla ahlukene kakhulu.

Okusesikweni Kwentlalo Nokungalingani

Amandla ezobupolitika angundoqo kwimibutho yokulingana. Ngokwembali, amaqela acekelwe phantsi, amabhinqa, amaqela amancinane eentlanga, iLGBTQ+ abantu ngabanye, baye balwela amalungelo okuvota, imithetho elwa nocalucalulo kunye nomelo. Ukungalingani kwamandla kukhuthaza ukungalingani kwezakhiwo: abantu abangatsali kakhulu kwezobupolitika bafumana izibonelelo ezingentle, imfundo ephantsi, kunye nokufumana okulinganiselweyo kokusesikweni.

Ukufuduka kwemibutho yezoqoqosho kunye nezibonelelo

Eyona ndlela ibonakalayo yokubonakaliswa kwegunya lezobupolitika luqingqo-mali lwemali. Izigqibo ezimalunga nerhafu, ukusetyenziswa kwerhafu, imfundo, ukhuseleko, intlalo-ntle yabantu zixakene nezibonelelo zezoqoqosho. Abadlali bezoqoqosho abanamandla ``abanqongopheleyo, amaqumrhu, amaqumrhu, ukuseka iimigaqo zerhafu nemigaqo. Umzekelo, impembelelo yecandelo lemali emva kwengxaki yowama-2008 yakhokelela ekuhlawuleni iinguqu ezilinganiselweyo, ngoxa iinkqubo zokuzinzisa zinqumla iinkonzo zentlalo.

Inkcubeko nenkcubeko

Kwakhona igunya lezobupolitika lisebenza ngokufuziselayo: livumela imilinganiselo ethile, imbali, nezinto eziza kuqala. Izifundo zesikolo, izikhumbuzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye namajelo eendaba zibonakalisa inkcubeko ephambili. Oorhulumente banokukhuthaza ukumanyana kwesizwe okanye bathintele intetho ephikisanayo. Cinga ngokufundisa iingcamango zobuhlanga ezigxekayo okanye izinto ezibumbali ezibucala kwiinkokeli. Amandla okuchaza ukuba zingoobani besizwe angoopolitiko, aphembelela oko kugqalwa njengokuthanda izwe okanye ukuvukela.

Iingxaki Kumandla Ezobupolitika

Akukho hlobo lwamandla ezobupolitika lupheleleyo. Lujongene nokhuphiswano oluzingisileyo oluvela kwimithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo, olunokuphazamisa ulawulo notshintsho lonyanzelo.

Ukungavumelani Noluntu Nokuqhatha

Ukuxhathisa kwengingqi (ukusuka kwizicelo zokuqhayisa kwequmrhu elinamacala amaninzi). IArabian Spring, ukuqhankqalaza kwe-body, kunye nombutho wehlabathi lonke iBlack Live Conce ibonisa indlela ukusetyenziswa kwezenzo ezidityanisiweyo zokuthoba oorhulumente okanye ukunyanzelisa inkqubo etshintshileyo. Izixhobo zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo-ndaba zibangela ukungavumelani ngokudibanisa imisebenzi kunye nokusasaza ezinye iingxelo. Kodwa ke, oorhulumente basoloko bephendula ngokucinezela, ukuchopha, okanye ukuxhasa, okubonisa ukuba ukungquzulana kusoloko kuyinkqubo elungelelanayo.

Inkcaso Yezobupolitika Nokhuphiswano Lwamaqela

Kulawulo-melo, amaqela enkcaso asebenza njengabacebisi bamaqumrhu. Ahlolisisa iinkqubo, anike ezinye iindlela, alungiselele ukuthatha igunya ngonyulo. Inkcaso enamandla igcina amandla okulawula esoloko ephendulwe, kodwa xa inkcaso ibuthathaka, inyanzelekile, okanye ithulisiwe, amandla ayathintelwa. Imikhosi yoorhulumente idla ngokuphelisa okanye icebise inkcaso ngokungxwanguba, ukuvalelwa, okanye ukuqhatha ngonyulo.

Uphando lwamajelo eendaba noHlahlo

Ijelo loshicilelo olukhululekileyo luyindlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlola amandla. I-lifa le-liventigatistism ibhenca ubuqhophololo, ukuxhatshazwa, kunye nemibandela efihlakeleyo. Ihlazo leWatergate, iiPanama Papers, kunye nengxelo yakutshanje ngemali efumana inkxaso-mali ikhokelele ekunikezeleni, ekuvavanyweni, nakutshintsho. Noko ke, amandla eendaba anokuthotywa ngokugqithiswa (ubukhosi be-Rupert Murdoch), ukucofa inkbait, kunye nokuhlasela iintelekiso ezintskozii zemali ezikhoyo). Ukuthomalalisa ukubekwa kwengxelo yengingqi yasekuhlaleni kunciphisa ukuphendula kobumnini-mali, ingakumbi kumazwe asemaphandleni.

Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi Nezizwe Ngezizwe

Imikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe, imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe njenge-UN okanye iWTO, ibutho labantu behlabathi jikelele, .("ii-projekthi ezilawula igunya lamakhaya.) Izivumelwano zezoshishino zilinganisela umlinganiselo wamandla eengingqi; ingcinezelo yamalungelo abantu kurhulumente ekuphathweni kwabantu abambalwa; izivumelwano zemozulu zifuna ukukhutshwa. Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunika abanye abadlali amandla (i-ompempemperanti) ngeli lixa limisela abanye (iphondo lolawulo loluntu). I-popplicy ilwams ngokuchasana nolawulo lwehlabathi lonke, njengoko iinkokeli zichaza ulawulo lwesizwe.

Utshintsho Lobugcisa Namanani

I-Intanethi kunye ne-media yentlalo inamandla afanelekileyo ezobupolitika ngandlel'ethile kodwa ikwanceda ukuba kubekho iindlela ezingaqhelekanga zolawulo. Ii-algorics zibumba oko abemi bakubonayo, kwaye iinkampani zobugcisa ezifana noFacebook okanye uGoogle zifikelela kakhulu. Oorhulumente basebenzisa ukhangelo lwamanani (inkqubo yemali yokuthenga ngentsebenziswano yentlalo, ingqokelela yemibatha) ukuqwalasela ukungavumelani. Okwangoku, ukuhlasela kwe-intanethi kunye nokurhoxa kwe-interfay (ukungenelela konyulo lwaseRashiya) kubonisa indlela abadlali abangangoorhulumente abanokubusebenzisa ngayo ubugcisa ngokuchasene nezopolitiko.

Isiphelo: Intsingiselo Ehlala Ihleli Yamandla Ezobupolitika

Amandla ezobupolitika akalungile okanye akawobungendawo; ayinto engenakuphepheka kubomi boluntu. Indlela igunya elifunyanwa ngayo, eligunyaziswa, elisetyenziswayo, nelicetyiswayo imisela ubunjani bolawulo, umlinganiselo wenkululeko, kunye nokusasazwa kwamathuba. Ukuqonda igunya lezobupolitika akufuni kufundisise nje kuphela izikhundla ezisesikweni nemithetho kodwa kwanempembelelo echuliweyo yempembelelo, ulawulo, neengcamango.

Kubemi, ukuthobela izakhiwo zegunya linyathelo lokuqala ekuthembiseni intlalo-ntle. Kubaphengululi, ukuhlalutya amandla kuseyindlela enika iziqhamo ekuvunyweni kwempilo yedemokhrasi nokukhuthaza utshintsho. Enoba ngovota, ukuqhayisa, okanye ukwakha amanye amaziko, zonke izenzo zezopolitiko zingumzamo wokubumba onegunya nendlela elisetyenziswa ngayo. Njengoko ihlabathi lijamelene neengxaki zokuguquka kwemozulu kunyuke ukungalingani, amandla okuqonda nokusebenzisana kwezobupolitika aya kuhlala elona khono libalulekileyo lokwakha nokuxhasa uluntu olunobulungisa.