Ukwazisa

Umthetho wezaphuli-mthetho umi njengenye yezona ntsika zisisiseko zebutho elilungelelanisiweyo, ilungiselela iindlela zokufanisa, ukuchana kwetyala, nokubopha isohlwayo okusongela ukhuseleko nocwangco loluntu. Ngokungafaniyo nomthetho wasekuhlaleni, osombulula ngokuyintloko iimpikiswano zabucala, oweyisela imicimbi ejongwa njengeyingozi kuluntu lonke. Ezi zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zisuka kwiingxhwabangxwa ezincinane ezifana nokungqubana kwezithuthi ngokwendlela, ukuchasana kwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ukubetha ityala. Eli nqaku lilungiselela ukuhlolwa okunzulu komthetho ofana nokubulawa kwabantu, ukusetyenziswa komthetho kodwa likwamisela iinkqubo zomthetho, ukugcinwa kwemiqatha, isohlwayo, kunye nesohlwayo. Kubafundisi kunye nobafundi abahlola iinkqubo zomthetho ezisemthethweni, ukuqonda indlela ezibaluleke ngayo iingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezichasene-mthetho ezichasene-mthetho ezichasene-ntlalo nxamnye nezo. Eli nqaku lilungiselela ukuvavanywa kwemigaqo yomthetho

Injongo Yomthetho Wezaphuli - mthetho

Umthetho wezaphuli-mthetho usebenza iinjongo ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo, zonke zisekelwe ekulondolozeni ucwangco lwezentlalo-ntle nokukhusela intlalo-ntle yabantu kunye nabantu abahlala kunye. Ezi njongo zidla ngokubekwa ngokweenjongo zokunqanda, zokubuyisela izinto, impindezelo, nokubuyisela. Injongo nganye ibonisa indlela eyahlukileyo yentanda-bulumko yokulungisa nokusohlwaya.

Umgangatho

Umgangatho ujolise kwityala lomntu ngamnye, uthintela ukuphinda ulwenze ulwaphulo-mthetho, lo gama [[FLT:] [FLT] usenza intlawulo ezingaphaya kweenzuzo zokuziphatha okungekho mthethweni. Isebenza kumanqanaba amabini: [[FLT: 0]] ijolise ityala lomntu ngamnye, inqanda ukuphinda ulwenze, imoshaba ukuba bangaphinde balwe, ngelixa [[[FLT:]] ukunqanda ukuphelisa ukuvuleka [[FLT:]] ukuzama ukudiba uwonke-wonke ngokwenza umzekelo womntu ovalelweyo. Uphando lwemiqathango luve iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo, kodwa isisongelo sesohlwayo sihlala sisisombululo esisembini semiqatha semiqathango yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukukhangela ngaphaya kwenkcawabo, bona [FF:] i-National Servent Servicences Serversed Services [FF]

Ukubuyiselwa

IRehabilitation igxininisa ekuguquleni abaphuli-mthetho ukuze baphinde bangenele ibutho labantu njengendawo egatya umthetho. Le ndlela isenokubandakanya iinkqubo zokufundisa, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, unyango lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukucetyiswa kwengqondo, okanye ezinye izinto. Injongo kukucombulula unobangela ongundoqo wesimilo solwaphulo-mthetho, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukupheliswa komthetho. Iinkqubo ezininzi zolwaphulo-mthetho zale mihla zigxininisa ukubuyiselwa kotshintsho, ingakumbi kulwaphulo-mthetho olungelulogonyamelo nakulutsha, nangona impumelelo yalo ixhomekeke kwinkqubo nakumntu ngamnye.

Unikezelo

Isohlwayo yingcamango yokuba izaphuli-mthetho zifanelwe yisohlwayo esilingana nengozi eziyenzileyo. Isekelwe kwingcamango ye-"entlango," impindezelo ayibhekiseli kwiziphumo zexesha elizayo kodwa kukubonakalisa isigwebo sobudlelane nokubuyisela ulungelelwano lokuziphatha. Le njongo ihambisana nomgaqo wokuba isohlwayo sifaneleke kulwaphulo-mthetho, ingcamango enemvelaphi enzulu yembali kwintanda-ntanda-bulumko esemthethweni.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona

Ukuziphatha kakubi kufuna ukwenza amaxhoba aphelele ngokufuna ukuba abaphuli-mthetho bawahlawulele ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwawo. Oku kunokuquka ukuhlawulwa kwemali ngenxa yomonakalo wempahla, iindleko zezonyango, okanye imivuzo elahlekileyo. Ukubuyiselwa komtshato kusenokuyalelwa njengenxalenye yesivakalisi kwaye kusoloko kusetyenziswa kunye nezinye izigwebo. Ezinye iinkqubo zolawulo zidibene nokubuyiselwa kweenkqubo zokuquka ukubuyiselwa kwamaxhoba, ilungu lobulungisa obulungisayo.

Izinto Ezibangela Ulwaphulo - mthetho

Ihambo yokubekwa ngokwamaqela njengolwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka idibane neziqalelo ezithile zomthetho. Ezi ziqalelo ziqinisekisa ukuba zinokubonelelwa kuphela, izenzo zokuzithandela zohlwaywa. Amalungu amabini angundoqo ngala actus reus (isenzo setyala) kunye amadoda abizwa ngokuba yi-a[ (ingqiqo enetyala). Iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo ziquka ukuvumelana kunye nokuqukwa.

I-Actus Reus

I-Actus ibhekisela kwisenzo somzimba okanye ukuyekelela okubumba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kufuneka kube yinto yokuzithandela; ukushukuma okuzenzekelayo, njengokuxhuzula okanye ukushukuma, akukwanelanga. Kwezinye iimeko, ukungaphumeleli ukwenza (ukukhupha) kusenokuba sisaphuli-mthetho ukuba ummangalelwa ube nomsebenzi osemthethweni wokusebenza, njengomsebenzi womzali wokunyamekela umntwana okanye umsebenzi womgcini-khaya wokuhlangula umqubhi.

Amadoda

Imens rea yimeko yengqondo yommangalelwa ngexesha lesenzo. Ibonisa umgangatho wenjongo okanye ulwazi. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka injongo (ifuna ukubangela isiphumo), ulwazi[[FLT]] (imbonakalo ebangela ingozi), ukungakwazi ukuphatha kakuhle umngcipheko obalulekileyo, kunye [[FLT]] noluthi qhathayo lobungozi obukhoyo [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [nolwazi [[FLT]] [[FLT] [GGGeneGeneGene] [[FL:]] [FLT] [ult:7] [ukuqonda umngcipheko onokuthi umenze umntu ofanelekileyo). [ifuna ulwaphulo-mthetho-mthetho]

Inkcitho kunye nokuHlakulelwa

Imeko ithetha ukuba istus reus kunye namadoda kufuneka enze ngexesha elinye. I-caus idibanisa izenzo zommangalelwa kwiziphumo zobubi. Zimbini iintlobo: unobangela othe ngqo [ (uvavanyo oluthe ngqo) kunye unobangela wobuphi bento [[FLT:]] (umonakalo wawungumphumo obonwa kwangaphambili wesenzo). Le migaqo ibalulekile kwiimeko apho oothunywa abaninzi banikela kwisiphumo. Ukwakhiwa okuthelekelele okusemthethweni, ibhekisa kumthetho CEll Information Information Informations comfation commentations [FFFFFF5].

Ukuhlaziywa Kobubi

Ulwaphulo-mthetho ludla ngokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela anzima, nangona imimandla elawulayo isenokusebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeziqu ezingalunganga, iimpazamo, kunye neziphazamiso.

Iinketho zegama leqela leenkwenkwezi (iyodwa) FAOobject name (optional)

Iintambo zetyala ezinzulu, ezisoloko zisohlwaywa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni ngaphezu konyaka okanye ngokufa. Ziquka ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo olufana nokubulala, ukudlwengula, ukuphanga, ukuqweqwedisa, kunye nezenzo ezingekho yingozi, njengokurhwebelana ngeziyobisi, ubuqhetseba, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho oluthile olumhlophe. Ngokufuthi lubangela ukuphulukana namalungelo abantu, njengokuvota, ubundlobongela, okanye inkonzo yenkundla yabachopheli-tyala. EUnited States, i-felony dissionsssss adla ngokusuka kwi-Clade A (ezona zinto zinzima) ukuya kwi-Clade E (ethential)

Iimpazamo

Imizekelo iquka ubusela obuncinane, ukungalungelelani, ihambo elula, ukuhlasela nokuqhuba phantsi kwempembelelo (ityala lokuqala). Imicimbi ephosakeleyo idla ngokuba ngesantya esiphantsi kwetyala eliqhelekileyo kwaye ingekho semthethweni kunetyala elibi, kwaye abamangalelwa abanalungelo lokuchotshelwa kwityala lejaji kwezinye iindawo.

uphazamiso

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olukwabizwa ngokuba lukwaphula umthetho, zizaphula-mthetho ezincinane ezidla ngokugwetywa ngokuhlawulwa kodwa hayi ngokuvalelwa. Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhelekileyo luquka amatikiti endlela, ukudumba, nokuhamba ngentambo. Ezi azigqalwa njengezilwaphulo-mthetho kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezingokwasemthethweni, kwaye aziphumeleli kwingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Noko ke, ukuphinda-phindwa kwezaphuli-mthetho kusenokude kufikelele kwizityholo ezingekho mthethweni.

Indima Yokunyanzeliswa Komthetho

Amagosa agunyazisa imithetho aphambili kwinkqubo yomthetho. Imisebenzi yawo idlulela ngaphaya kwabarhanelwayo abaquka ukuthintelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho, uphando, kunye nokudityaniswa koluntu. Iinkqubo zamapolisa zale mihla zidla ngokugxininisa ukucombulula iingxaki nokusebenzisana nabantu ukunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Uphando Nobungqina

Xa kuchazwa ulwaphulo-mthetho, amagosa aqokelela ubungqina, amangqina, kunye nomboniso. Eli qonga libalulekile kuba ubulunga nobusemthethweni bungasichaza iziphumo zetyala. Abangenisi kufuneka balandele imithetho engqongqo ukuze bagcine ubungqina kunye nentlonelo kumalungelo omgaqo-siseko, njengokukhusela koMphengululo wesine ekuphandeni nokuxhuzula okungekho ngqiqweni. Ngokungafanelekanga ubungqina bungakhutshwa ekuvavanyweni phantsi komthetho wokuzimela.

Ukubanjwa Nokubhaliswa Kwencwadi

Ukuba ipolisa likho, lingabamba ikroti. Inkqubo yokubanjwa ibandakanya ukuthatha umkrotili asiwe entolongweni, afunde amalungelo awo eMiranda, aze awathuthe kwisikhululo samapolisa sokubhala. Incwadi iquka ukushicilela ulwazi lobuqu, ukuthatha iminwe nemifanekiso, nokuqhuba uvavanyo lwesiqalo. Isikrokreli sinokubanjwa silindele okanye sikhululwe ngokwaso.

Ubulumko Bokutyholwa

Emva kokuba libanjwe, ityala lincitshiswa ngumtshutshisi ogqiba ukuba afake iifayile zetyala. Abatshutshisi banolwazi olubanzi lokulahla izityholo, lokuzinciphisa, okanye ukusukela esona sona sona sona sinzima sixhaswe bubungqina. Oku kuxhomekeka kubungqina obunamandla, ubuqatha bolwaphulo-mthetho, imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho yommangalelwa, nomdlalo woluntu. Inkxalabo ngocalucalulo ngohlanga nangentlalo kwisigqibo sabatshutshisi ibangele ukuba kufuneke utshintsho.

Inkqubo Yogwebo

Inkqubo yokugweba yeyona ndlela isesikweni apho kuqinisekiswe khona ukuba unetyala okanye umsulwa. Iquka amanqanaba aliqela, ngalinye lenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo ommangalelwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba kuqhubekeka kakuhle.

Ulungelelaniso

Kulo mthetho, ummangalelwa ufunda ngokusemthethweni izityholo aze acelwe ukuba angene esibhedlele: enetyala, kungekhona ityala, okanye kungekho khuphiswano. Ijaji ikwathi ichaze iibheyile, imisele iimeko zokukhululwa, ize imisele isiluleko ukuba ummangalelwa akanamali yokuhlawula igqwetha. Akukho mncintiswano (uno-lithoritere) asikokuvuma ukuba unetyala kodwa ukwamkela isohlwayo ngokungathi unetyala; isenokusetyenziselwa ukuphepha ityala kumatyala anxulumene nayo.

Intshukumo Yangaphambili Neendlebe

Phambi kokuvavanywa, omabini amacala angafaka iifayile zokulungisa imiba engokwasemthethweni. Iintshukumo eziqhelekileyo zangaphambili ziquka ukuthatha iintshukumo ukucinezela ubungqina (umz., ukuphendla okungekho mthethweni), ukuthatha uhambo lokukhupha izityholo (ngenxa yokungabi nasizathu esifanelekileyo okanye ukungafezeki okusemthethweni), kunye nokuhamba ngentshukumo ukutshintsha indawo (ukuqinisekisa ukuba abachopheli-tyala abangakhethi buso). Ijaji isenokubamba iindlebe ukuze igqibe ezi ntshukumo, ibumba ubungqina bunokusetyenziswa xa kuvavanywa.

Ukuvavanywa

Ityala lisesona siganeko siphambili senkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. EUnited States, abamangalelwa banelungelo lokuvavanywa ngetyala labachopheli-tyala elinzulu. Ityala liquka iingxelo zokuvula, ukunikelwa kobungqina obuvela kumatyala kunye nokuzikhusela, ukuvavanya nokuvavanya amangqina, iimpikiswano zokuvala ityala nemiyalelo yejaji. Umthwalo wesiqinisekiso ulele kumalathisi, omele ungqine ukuba unetyala ngaphandle komyilo osengqiqweni [[, imigangatho ephakamileyo yobungqina kwinkqubo esemthethweni. Ukuba abachopheli-jaji abanako ukufikelela kwisigqibo esiphikisanayo, ukugwetywa kwetyala, ukugwetywa okuphosakeleyo, kwaye imeko ingaphinda ichazwe.

Ukugweba

Ukuba ummangalelwa ugwetywa, ijaji ibeka isigwebo. Isigwebo singathi senzeke ngokukhawuleza emva kwesigqibo okanye emva kwetyala elahlukeneyo. Abagwebi baqwalasela oothunywashe abafana nobuqatha bolwaphulo-mthetho, imvelaphi yommangalelwa, iingxelo zexhoba, kunye nemigaqo yokugweba. Amanye amagunya avumela ukuhlaziywa okanye ukucimiwa kweemeko ezichaphazela isohlwayo. Ukuze kuqwalaselwe imigaqo ye-avaji yesizwe, bona iKhomishini ye- eUnited States egatyiweyo.

Izibheno

Abameli banelungelo lokubhenela ityala okanye isigwebo kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Izibheno ziphikisa ngelithi iimpazamo zomthetho zenzeka ngexesha letyala, njengemiyalelo engafanelekanga yabachopheli-tyala, ubungqina obungaqondakaliyo, okanye ityala elingafanelekanga. Inkundla yenkundla egwebayo isenokuqinisekisa ukumangalelwa, ukubuyiselwa, ukuwiselana ityala elitsha, okanye ukuguqula isigwebo. Inkqubo yesibheno iqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo esemthethweni iyasetyenziswa ngokungaguqukiyo.

Ukukhusela Umthetho Wakwaphula Umthetho

Abo bathethelelayo basenokuphakamisa isiqinisekiso esiphikisa ityala letyala okanye bathethelele izenzo zabo.

Ukhuselo oluqhelekileyo lokuqinisekisa

-------------------------[FTLT:1] ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla afanelekileyo ukuzikhusela kwingozi ekufuphi. Amandla asetyenziswayo kufuneka alungelelanise isisongelo. Amazwana amaninzi ayawuqaphela "umela umhlaba" umthetho, ophelisa umsebenzi wokurhoxa phambi kokusebenzisa amandla kwiimeko ezithile.

Ukhuselo lobunyani luphikisa ngelithi ummangalelwa wayengenabo ubuchule bengqondo bokuqonda uhlobo lwezenzo zabo okanye ukwahlula okulungileyo kokubi ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho. Umgangatho osemthethweni uyahluka-hluka ngokwendlela yokulawula (7) usebenzisa ulawulo lweM’Naghten, ezinye uvavanyo lwe-Model Penal Code. Izicelo eziphumelelayo ze-feance aziqhelekanga kwaye zisoloko ziphumela ekuzibopheleleni kwisakhiwo sempilo yengqondo kunokuba zivalelwe.

[[UMTL: 0] Imodeli ziyasebenza xa umntu esenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kuba ayesongelwe ngengozi ekhawulezileyo, enzulu ukuba ala. Usongelo kufuneka lube lusondele kwaye ingozi mayibe nkulu kunengozi ebangelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho. Uxanduva ludla ngokuba lungasikhuseli ekubulaleni.

I- I-etrapment yenzeka xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kubangela umntu ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho ebebengenakulwenza ngenye indlela. Ukuzikhusela kubhekiselele kwihambo karhulumente, hayi kwimeko yommangalelwa. Ukuba umkhohlisi ungqinisiwe, izityholo zingarhoxiswa.

[[FLT: 0] Ingathi jijijela kwinyaniso ingawadida amadoda ukuba ummangalelwa ukholelwa ngokusengqiqweni kwisibakala esibubuxoki esenze ihambo isemthethweni. Umzekelo, ukuthatha impahla yomnye ngoxa ukholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo kusenokuba yiyo ekhuselayo ukuba ubile. Ukungawuqondi umthetho, noko ke, akusoloko kuyinto elungileyo yokuzikhusela kuba ukungazi umthetho akusosizathu.

Ukunganyaniseki NoAlbi

Abameli bangaphikisana nje ukuba abakhange benze ulwaphulo-mthetho. anika ubungqina bokuba ummangalelwa wayekwezinye iindawo ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho. I-Albi ubungqina kufuneka butyhilwe phambi kokuvavanywa kwemithetho emininzi ukunqanda ukumangaliswa.

Ukugwetywa Nesohlwayo

Ukugwetywa kukwinqanaba apho urhulumente ebangela imiphumo kwizaphuli - mthetho ezibotshiweyo. Uhlobo nesohlwayo esiqatha sixhomekeke kwimbali yomoni, nakwimithetho yakhe.

Iintlobo zezigwebo

  • Uququzelelo: Ukuvalelwa entolongweni okanye entolongweni ngexesha lokunqanda okanye lokuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Amanye amaziko asebenzisa izigwebo ezinyanzelisayo kulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile, njengokurhweba ngeziyobisi okanye ukuphanga ngezixhobo.
  • Iprojekthi: Lixesha lokukhululwa okujongweyo eluntwini, ngokufuthi kunye neemeko ezifana nokuvavanywa kweziyobisi, ukufika kwexesha, okanye ukucetyiswa. Ukwaphula uvavanyo kungaphumela ekurhoxisweni nasekuvalweni.
  • [[NTL:0] Iziphoso ze-monetal ezihlawulwayo kumbuso. Iintle ziqhelekile kwizinto ezingalunganga kunye nokwaphula umthetho kodwa zisenokubekwa kwityala, ngokufuthi kudityaniswa nezinye izigwebo.
  • Inkonzo ye-community: umsebenzi ongahlawulwayo ukwenzela uluntu lonke, njengococeko lwepaki okanye uncedisa kwimibutho engafumani ngeniso.
  • Isohlwayo sokufa: sisohlwayo sekona sinzima, sigcinelwe ukubulala okuninzi okungamkelekanga. Sihlala sisemthethweni kwamanye amazwe kodwa siphantsi kwengxoxo eqhubekayo engokwasemthethweni nengokokuziphatha. Umgaqo-siseko weendlela zokubulala ucetyiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Izalathiso ezinika imiyalelo nezohlukeneyo

Ulawulo oluninzi lusebenzisa imigaqo yokugweba ukukhuthaza ulungiso kunye nolungelelwano. Noko ke, ukwahluka okusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufana, kunye nemeko yentlalo nezoqoqosho kuyaqhubeka. Umzekelo, uphando lubonise ukuba abamangalelwa abaNsundu basoloko befumana izigwebo ezinde kunabamangalelwa abamhlophe ngenxa yezenzo ezifanayo. Ukukhuthaza utshintsho luzimisele ukunciphisa ezi zahlulo-calucalulo nokuphelisa ubuncinane obuyimfuneko bezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezingekho mdlamfamabi.

Imbambano Yangaphambili Kumthetho Wakwaphula Umthetho

Ibutho lanamhlanje lijamelene nezisongelo ezivavanya iinkqubo zomthetho wesithethe wolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ityala

Ukunyuka kwe-intanethi kuye kwadala iindidi ezintsha zetyala, kuquka ukuqhekeza, ubusela, ubuqhetseba kwi-intanethi, kunye nokusasazwa kwemifanekiso engamanyala yabantwana. ICybercrimes idla ngokunqumla imida yezizwe ngezizwe, ingxinano yemithetho elawulayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho ekhethekileyo yokusingatha ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamanani, njengoMthetho weKhompyutha yokurhwebethwa kwe-mthetho nokuphathwa kakubi (CFAA) eUnited States. Ukungachazwangalwazi lwe-intanethi kukwanyusa imingeni yobungqina nokumangalelwa.

ICubian

Uqhatha, ukurhwebelana, ukurhwebelana, kunye nokunganyaniseki kwenkampani kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngokwemali kubantu kunye nezoqoqosho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-White-callar ludla ngokumangalelwa phantsi kwemimiselo efana noMthetho we-Secturalies Exchange kunye ne-Racketeer Ifluep and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi abaphuli-mthetho abamhlophe bafumana izigwebo ezilula kakhulu kunezaphuli-mthetho, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komthetho.

Okusesikweni Kwamagqabi

IMintwana eyenza ulwaphulo-mthetho idla ngokuphathwa kwinkqubo yobulungisa bolutsha eyahlukeneyo ejolise ekubuyiselweni kophicotho-gwenxa kunokuba isohlwayo. Noko ke, amanye amagunya avumela abantwana ukuba bavavanywe njengeempazamo ezinkulu, kuphakanyiswe imibuzo engobuchule bokuphuhlisa nokufaneleka kwesohlwayo sabantu abadala. INkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. ibeke umda ubomi ngaphandle kokwahlulwa kolutsha, iqonda ukuba abantu abaselula banamandla amakhulu okutshintsha.

Ukubuyiselwa Kobulungisa Notshintsho

Ubulungisa obubuyiselayo bugxininisa ekulungiseni umonakalo obangelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuphendula, kunye nokubuyisela. Ngokufuthi bubandakanya ukuvalelana kwamaxhoba, izinxulumanisi, kunye nokubuyiselwa komsebenzi. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi kunciphisa ukupheliswa komthetho kwaye kuphucula ulwaneliseko lwexhoba. Amaziko amaninzi asungule iinkqubo zokulungisa ngokulungisa ngokutsha ngenxa yezono ezincinane kunye nenxalenye yokuqalisa kwakhona. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi, bona Iziko lohlanga logcino-mthetho olunelisayo lwezobulungisa.[FLT]

Impembelelo Yomthetho Wezaphuli - mthetho Kuluntu

Umthetho wokwaphula umthetho utshintsha indlela abantu abaphila ngayo, umisela imida yokuziphatha okwamkelekileyo yaye ubangela ukuba abantu baphenduleke xa bengenayo loo mida.

Ukhuseleko lolwaphulo-mthetho nokhuseleko loluntu

Ukugcinwa komthetho osebenzayo kuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokunyusa ubungozi obucingelwayo besohlwayo. Noko ke, ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithiseleyo kumanyathelo okunika isohlwayo kungakhokelela ekuvalweni kwabantu abaninzi, nto leyo eneziphumo ezibi ngokwentlalo nezoqoqosho. Ezinye iindlela ezifana nomthetho woluntu, iinkundla ezilungisa iingxaki, kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokuvalelwa ngokugqithiseleyo.

Okusesikweni Nendlela Yokulingana Kwebutho Loluntu

Inkqubo yobulungisa yolwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka incede onke amalungu ebutho labantu ngokulinganayo. Ukungalingani okuqhubekayo nokuqhubekayo kumlinganiselo wababanjwa, ukunyanzeliswa kwetyala, kunye nokugwetywa kuye kwaphelisa ukukholosa ngokugcinwa komthetho kunye neenkundla. Imigudu yokuthetha ngezi zigwebo iquka utshintsho lwamapolisa, iinkqubo zokuzihlaziya, kunye nokuhlaziywa kolwaphulo-mthetho (umz., ukuba neziyobisi). Umbutho wokulungisa imigaqo uyaqhubeka ukuphembelela umthetho nemigaqo.

Ubulungisa Obubuyiselweyo Nobuguquleleyo

Ubulungisa obuzinzileyo bunika indlela ebeka phambili ukuphilisa kwisohlwayo. Buyayivuma ingozi kumaxhoba, abantu, kunye nabenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye bufuna ukulungisa ulwalamano. Nangona kungeyomfuneko kuzo zonke iimeko, ukulungisa okusesikweni kuye kwabonisa impumelelo ekunciphiseni ukupheliswa kwe-cifyn kunye nolwaneliseko olukhulayo lwamaxhoba. Ukulungisa okuguqulayo kuhambela phambili, kuchaza ukungalingani okunegalelo kulwaphulo-mthetho.

Isiphelo

Indlela umthetho ochaphazeleka ngayo kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho onxamnye nebutho labantu ubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho enzima, ukugcinwa kwemithetho, ukusetyenziswa kwemimiselo, ukugwetywa, kunye nesohlwayo. Ukusuka ekumiseleni iziqalelo zolwaphulo-mthetho lokuqhuba inkqubo yokugweba, ilungu ngalinye lisebenza ukukhusela uluntu ngelinye ixesha liphakamisa imigaqo yokusesikweni nokusesikweni. Njengoko ibutho liguqula imigaqo-mthetho, isalathisi kufuneka siqhelane neengxaki ezintsha ezifana nenkqubo ye- Internet, ukungalingani kwesixokelelwano senkqubo, ukutshintsha kwezikhokelo zenkqubo, nokutshintsha kweembono zokohlwaya, nokutshintsha kwesohlwaya. Kubafundisi nabafundi, ukuqonda ezizinkalo zomthetho zomthetho osisiseko kunye neziphendukucukutyeko zale.